VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE

Programming and Setting Parameters

The main VFD program is contained in the processor's firmware & not normally accessible to the variable frequency drive user.
A parameter is a variable associated with the operation of the VFD that can be programmed or adjusted. Parameters provide a degree
of adjustment so that the user can customize the VFD to suit specific motor & driven equipment requirements. The number of parameters
can range from 50, for small basic VFDs, to over 200 for larger, more complex VFDs. Some variable frequency drives provide
upload/download & parameter copy capability. Common adjustable parameters include the following:

1. Acceleration/deceleration time
VFD acceleration time is the time required by output frequency from 0 Hz to the maximum frequency, deceleration time is from
maximum frequency dropped to 0 Hz. Usually use the frequency setting signal rise and fall to determine the acc/dec time. It needs to
restrict the rise rate of the frequency in acceleration during the electric motor start period in order to prevent over-current, and limit the
frequency decrease rate in order to prevent over-voltage during deceleration period.

2. Torque boosting
Also known as the torque compensation, it's to compensate the torque decrease in low speed for the stator winding resistance
of the AC motor, by increase the low-frequency range of V/F. It's enabled the voltage during acceleration goes up automatically to
compensate the starting torque when it's set to AUTO, to ensure the electric motor accelerates smoothly. Adopting manual compensation,
you can get better curve through test according to the load characteristics, especially the load starting characteristics. For variable torque
loads, the output voltage maybe too high in low speed by the inappropriate chooses, to cause a waste of electricity energy.

3. Electronic thermal overload protection

This function is set to protect the electric motor from overheating, it calculates the AC motor temperature rise by the VFD internal
CPU base on the operation current and frequency, thus to enable overheating protection. This function applies to "one VFD drag one
motor" only, it should be installed thermal relay on each motor when you want one ac drive drag several motors.
Electronic thermal protection setting value (%) = [electric motor rated current (A) / ac drive rated output current (A)] × 100%.

4. Frequency limitation
Means the VFD output frequency maximum and minimum value. Frequency limitation is to prevent the failure of impropriate
operation or external frequency setting signal source from outputting frequency too high or too low, it's a protective function to prevent
damage the devices. In the application you can set it according to the actual situation. This feature can also be used for speed limiting,
like in some belt conveyors, due to not so many materials being transported, adopt the variable speed drive to reduce the wear and tear
of machines and belt, by setting the variable frequency drive maximum frequency to a certain value, this allows the conveyor belt running
at a fixed, low speed status.

5. Frequency bias
Sometimes it's called deviation frequency or frequency deviation setting. Its purpose is when the frequency is set by an external
analog signal (voltage or current), use this function to adjust the output frequency value when the frequency setting signal in minimum
value. Some VFDs deviation value is available from 0 to f max when the frequency setting signal is 0%, some variable speed drives even
can be set on the bias polarity. In debugging, when the frequency setting signal is 0%, the VFD output frequency is not 0 Hz but x Hz,
then the deviation frequency can be set to negative x Hz to enable the variable speed drive output frequency 0 Hz.

6. Frequency setting signal gain

This feature is only effective when the frequency set by external analog signal. It is used to compensate the inconsistencies
between the external setting signal voltage and the variable frequency drive internal voltage (+10v); at the same time it's convenient for
voltage selection of the analog signal, in setting, when the analog input signal is maximum (10v, 5v or 20mA), obtained the output
frequency percentage of V/F graphics and treat it as a parameter to set it; Take an example, external setting signal is 0 - 5v, VFD output
frequency is 0 - 50Hz, then signal gain value is set to 200%.

7. Torque limit
It can be divided into drive torque limitation and brake torque limitation. It is based on the VFD output voltage and current values
and calculates torque by CPU, to make the impact load recovery characteristics of the deceleration and constant speed running improved
significantly. The torque limitation function can achieve automatic acceleration and deceleration control. Assuming the deceleration time
is less than the load inertia time, it also can ensure the motor accelerate and decelerate automatically in accordance with the torque
setting.

8. Acc/dec mode selection

Also known as the acc/dec curve selection. Normally the VFD has three curves: linear, nonlinear and S curve, usually most of
them choose the linear curve; nonlinear curve is suitable for variable torque loads, like fans etc; S curve is suitable for constant torque
loads, the acceleration and deceleration changes relatively slow. It can set in according to the load torque characteristics to select the
right curve, but there are exceptions, when using debug a boiler Fan VFD, select the acc/dec curve to non-linear curve, the variable
frequency drive tripped as long as starting, it's also no effect after I changed lots of parameters. Then changed it to S-curve which worked
fine. The reason is: the drawing fan rotate automatic before starting due to the flow of flue gas, and it's reversed to become a reverse
load, then select the S-curve, the frequency rises slower in starting, thereby avoid the frequency inverter from trip. Of course, this is the
method used for the VFD that does not enable start DC braking function.

9. Torque vector control

Vector control is based on the theory: asynchronous motors and DC motors have the same torque mechanism. Vector control
mode is decomposing the stator current into magnetic current and torque current and controlled separately, meanwhile, output the stator
current to the motor after their synthesis. Therefore, we can obtain the same control performance with DC motor in principle. The motor
can output maximum torque in variety operating conditions when adopts torque vector control function, especially the ac motor in the low-
speed operating status.
10. Energy-saving control
Fans and pumps are all belong to decrease torque load, means the load torque decreases proportional to the square of rotation
speed in the speed decline, the VFD is designed with energy-saving control function dedicated V/F mode, this mode can improve the
efficiency of the electric motor and the VFD drive, the output voltage can be decreased automatically according to the load current, to
achieve energy saving purposes. You can enable or disable it according to the specific circumstances.

The 9, 10 parameters are very advanced technology, but some users simply cannot enable them in equipment transform, means
the VFD trip frequently when they enable it, but normal after disable it. The reasons are:
(1) The original motor specification is far different with the VFD requires.
(2) Do not know enough of the parameter function settings, such as energy-saving control function can only adopt V/F control
mode, can not use vector control mode.
(3) Have enable the vector control mode, but have not do the work for the electric motor parameter manual setting and automatic
running.