Group 9
TOTALITARIANISM PARTY, a nationalistic, anti-communist, anti-
DEFINITION:
- Is a term used by some political
scientists to described a political system
in which the state holds total authority
over society
- Seeks to control all aspects of public
and private life
- Is a fairly general term that get used a
lot in political and historical discussions,
and it has been applied to many
countries.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
“Totalitarianism” is the word coined by
Giovanni Gentile, in his ghost writings for
Benito Mussolini, whose fascist government in
Italy was one of the earliest and most well-
known examples of totalitarianism, along with
Adolf Hitler’s third Reich and Soviet Russia
under Joseph Stalin.
During America’s cold war with Soviet Russia,
the term “totalitarianism” was popularized in
anticommunist rhetoric.
In 1920, the concept of totalitarianism was first
developed by the Weimar German jurist, and
later Nazi academic, Carl Schmitt and Italian
fascist. Schmitt used the term, “tolstaat” in his
influential work on the legal basis of an all-
powerful state. The concept became prominent
in Western anti-communist political discourse
during the Cold War era, in order to highlight
perceived similarities between Nazi Germany
and other Fascist states on the one hand, and
Soviet Communist Party states on the other.
PROPONENTS AND THEIR
CONTRIBUTION
JOSEPH STALIN- in the Soviet Union, after
the conclusion of Civil War, Stalin took over the
country and began executing any people who
were not in alignment with the goals of the state.
BENITO MUSSOLINI- become the leader of
Italy and began to rule in a totalitarian manner in
1922.
ADOLF HITLER- gained control of the NAZI
Semitic organization.
MAO ZEDONG- he established the People’s
Republic of China, until his death in 1976, he
lead china in a way in line with the concepts of
totalitarianism from 1949.
KIM JONG IL- leader of North Korea that has
been one of the world’s most secretive societies.
HOSNI MUMBARAK- is one of the world’s
longest serving presidents.
F.A HAYEK – helped develop the idea of
totalitarianism in his classic defense of
economic competition. The road of Serfdom
(1994)
H. ARENDT- according to her, the sources of
mass appeal of totalitarian regimes is their
ideology, which provides a comforting, single
answer to the mysteries of the past, present,
future.
KARL POPPER- The Open Society and It’s
Enemies (1945) and the Poverty of Historcism
(1961) in which he contrasted the “open society”
of liberal democracy with totalitarianism.
HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY
TOTALITARIANISM IN DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES
Soviet Russia-
North Korea-
Burma-
Cuba-
Egypt-
China-
And others are:
Iran, Iraq, Libya, Syria
REFERENCES:
http://www.ehow.com/about_5390824_history-
totalitarianism.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarianism
Fresno.k12.ca.us/divdept/sscience/history/totalit
arianism.htm
Definition
This means that this kind of government
has the idea that the government is supreme. In a
way that it is the government who is in charge of
all social, political and business organizations
and demands control respect.