PRESENTATION OF PROJECT PART-2 [ME 881] ON

WATER DELIVERY SYSTEM TO CROPS USING INTERNET OF

THINGS [IOT]
Under the guidance of:
Dr. Jhumpa De
PRESENTED BY:
RITOBAN MUKHOPADHYAY (75)
SAGAR SINGH (76)
SAIKAT DAS (79)
SAMBIT KOLEY (81)
SAMBIT SENGUPTA (82)
SANJAY YADAV (84)

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

 ABSTRACT
Agriculture, in this 21st century is on a verge of major paradigm
shift, cutting down the physical strength with proper usage of
IoT (Internet of Things) in proper controlling and major cross
over of usage of cloud computing and data collection, analysis.

In our project we are sensing the moisture content of the soil

and we are controlling the pump to deliver the adequate
amount of water to the soil for distinguishable crop. We have
also implemented proximity sensor to detect burglary alert in
our application. Along with that we implemented fire sensor to
detect fire in the stash, with buzzer. Except all, real time air
moisture and humidity can be accessed with the application.
WHAT IS IOT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is inter-networking of physical
devices. This system has ability to transfer data over a
network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-
computer interaction.
WHY IOT?
IOT has many applications in agriculture, smart cities, traffic
monitoring and logistics etc. Here we are mainly focusing on
agriculture with the help of NodeMCU.
BRIEF ABOUT
NodeMCU (ESP8266)

NodeMCU is an open source hardware

and software computing platform
which is designed in single board
microcontroller and microcontroller
kits for building digital devices and
interactive objects that can sense
and control objects in the digital
world.

Image Source-
https://store.fut-electronics.com/products/nodemcu-esp8266-
programming-and-development-kit
BRIEF ABOUT BLYNK
Blynk is a profitable Internet of Things company
founded in 2014.
Blynk offers an IoT Platform-as-a-Service, and
also delivers custom turn-key solutions.

Image Source- https://www.roboshala.com/why-blynk-for-

iot-projects/

Image Source- https://docs.blynk.cc

 Blynk Application Interface
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fire Alert
Proximity Temperature and
Alert air moisture
 EQUIPMENTS FOR MODEL
EQUIPMENTS QUANTITY SPECIFICATION

NodeMCU 1 ESP 8266

Pump 1 12 V DC

Soil Moisture sensor 1 3 mA @ 5V DC

Proximity sensor 1 3.3-5 V, 2-30 cm range

Fire Flame sensor 1 760nm-1100nm in wavelength

15mA @5VDC
Temperature Sensor 1 DHT11

Breadboard 1

Buzzer 1 4-8V DC.

Continues beep
Relay 1 5V 1 Channel

Plywood 1 (3ft*2ft)
Soil Moisture Sensor
The Soil Moisture Sensor is used to measure the volumetric
water content of soil. This makes it ideal for performing
experiments in courses such as soil science, agricultural
science, environmental science, horticulture.
Specifications-
Accuracy: ±4% typical
Power: 3 mA @ 5V DC
Operating temperature: –40°C to +60°C Image Source-
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/soil-
moisture-sensor-12778810133.html
Humidity and Temperature Sensor
A humidity sensor (or hygrometer) senses, measures
and reports both moisture and air temperature.
Humidity sensors work by detecting changes that alter
electrical currents or temperature in the air.
Specifications:
Accuracy: ±0.5°F and ±2% RH
Power: 1.3 µA @5VDC

Image Source-
https://buysnip.com/product/dht11-temperature-
humidity-sensor-module-led-power-supply-indicators/
Fire/Flame Sensor
The Flame Sensor is used to detect the fire source of
the wavelength in the range of 760nm -1100 nm.
Specifications:
Range-760nm-1100nm in wavelenth
Power- 15mA @5VDC

Image Source-
http://mechatronix.in/product/fire-sensor-module/
Proximity Sensors
Proximity Sensors detect an object without touching it, and
they therefore do not cause abrasion or damage to the object.
Devices such as limit switches detect an object by contacting
it, but Proximity Sensors are able to detect the presence of
the object electrically, without having to touch it.
1. Operating Temperature -40 to 200°C
2. Unaffected by any physical feature of object (color, shape
etc. )
3. Distance 2cm to 30cm

Image Source-
https://www.dnatechindia.com/ir-proximity-sensor-
module.html
Buzzer
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling
device, which may
be mechanical, electromechanical.
or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical
uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers, and confirmation of user
input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
Specifications: Image Source-
https://www.ebay.com/p/3-24vdc-12v-Electronic-Buzzer-
 Rated Voltage: 6V DC. Effect-Tone-Alarm-Continuous-Beep-Arduino/1193332831

 Operating Voltage: 4-8V DC.

 Rated current: <30mA.
 Sound Type: Continuous Beep.
1 Channel Relay Module
Relay is nothing but Switch.In this relay, when a
current flows through the coil, it turns it into an
electromagnet. The magnet pushes a switch to the
left, forcing the spring contacts together, and
completing the circuit they're attached to.
Specifications:
 5V 1Channel Relay interface board.
 Requires 15-20mA signal drive Current.
Image Source-
https://makerfabs.com/index.php?route=product/p
roduct&product_id=93
Pump ( 12 V DC pump)
We have used 12 V DC mini pump for our water delivery system.
Specifications-
1. Operating Voltage- 12 V
2. No load current- 0.09 Amp
3. Load current- 0.38 Amp
4. Discharge- 60 Liter/ hour
5. Discharge height- 40-50 cm Image Source-
https://electronicmotor.com/index.php?r
oute=product/product&product_id=93
Working of sensors
In order to successfully implement the concept of smart farming, an interface is
needed from which the user gets to know about the environment conditions
which have an effect on the growth of the crops, and act accordingly but with
minimum effort. This is where the Blynk app comes in.
For measuring the temperature and humidity, a DHT 11 temperature sensor has
been used.
The Soil Moisture Sensor measures the soil moisture data.
Proximity sensor detects any kind of movement within specified distance.
Working of application in accordance
with system
These different kinds of sensors send all the collected data ( voltage in
case of moisture sensor and change in resistance in case of temperature
and humidity sensor) to the Node MCU Board, which in turn shows them
through the Blynk app. In the Blynk app, a maximum value for the data is
set, and the current data is shown with respect to that set value. In case
of the moisture sensor, the value of the data shown decreases with
increase in moisture, since with more moisture the circuit of the sensor
will tend to be completed, which will result in a lesser voltage difference
and hence a lesser data value. In case of the temperature sensor, the
data value increases with increase in temperature.
Different types of crops and their optimum temperature, irrigation
requirement -
Different types of crops needs different optimum temperatures to grow and flourish. Here are some
sets of crops along with their needed temperatures. We have implemented one sensor to analyze the
soil moisture of a particular crop at a time. In future, there may more sensors will implemented.
Name of Crop Optimum Temperature Optimum irrigation
requirement (mm)
Rice 22℃-32℃ 90.3-95.4
Wheat 10℃-15℃ (sowing time) 45-50.8
21℃-26℃ (Ripening &
Harvesting)
Millets 27℃-32℃ 30.7-50
Cotton 21℃-30℃ 27.5
Tea 20℃-30℃ 70.6-88.7
Grams 20℃-25℃ 30-40.9
Sugar Cane 21℃-27℃ 35.5
Irrigation requirements through out the year

Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Cotton 52.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9 44.6 79

Rice 0 0 0 0 0 93.1 90 1.3 30.7 0 5.7 0

Sugarcane 31.4 50.1 95.5 70.1 58.8 39 0 3.3 35.4 0 28.7 55
Wheat 80.5 80.6 89.4 37.5 31.8 13.8 0 0 10.1 0 27.7 67.1
Onion 85.3 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.1 67.5
Potatoes 84.8 15.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27.8 81.1

This are the irrigation requirements of the major crops. Now, this data is taken from Tarikera
station of India. As the weather and rainfall affects the crop growth drastically, the average
irrigation requirements are listed here.
Application Interface Soil moisture reading calibration
We have calibrated the soil moisture
sensor data in means of corresponding
soil moisture percentage. The data
are given in the table below-
Sensor Reading Approximate
moisture percentage
1024 0
930 10
850 20
760 30
675 40
610 50
500 60
412 70
Screenshot-1 Application Interface Screeenshot-2 Application Interface 324 80
(Pump Idle) (Pump On) 237 90
150 100
Presentation & Model Display
EQUIPMENTS AND ITS COST

SL EQUIPMENTS PRICE
NO. (INR)
1. NodeMCU 250.00
2. Three Relay Module with one channel 90.00
3. Pump 100.00
4. Soil Moisture sensor 50.00
5. Proximity sensor 80.00
6. Fire Flame sensor 100.00
7. Breadboard 95.00
8. Connecting Wires 50.00
9. Buzzer 30.00
10. Plywood 300.00

Total 1145.00
 FUTURE SCOPE

There is a major implementation of this project in the field

of agriculture. With the implementation of this, not only the
water consumption of the crops will be controlled, but also
the crops will be getting water properly.
 CONCLUSION
IoT is the future. India is a country which is very much
dependent upon the agricultural part. Our project is just a
glimpse of the height which may be achieved in future, in our
own country.
Our project involves the usage of human hand, but the
process, if industrialized, can be self-dependent, means it can
be automated. As, there will be code to judge the soil
moisture and an artificial intelligence can judge when to turn
the pump on and off, as per the requirement.
 REFERENCES
References of Application Build
Library files-
1. <Onewire.h>
2. <Dallastemperature.h>
3. <SimpleTimer.h>
Blynk application webpage-
https://blynk.io/
Software used-
1. Arduino IDE v1.8
2. Blynk Application
3. MS Powerpoint 2016 for documentation and report
preparation
THANK YOU