1.

1 Exponenciación
1.2 Números complejos 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑗𝑜𝑠

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝐷𝐼𝑉𝐼𝐷𝐼𝑅 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑗𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑒

𝑖 = −1 𝑖 2 = −1
𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑦 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑟
𝑈𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑗𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑦 𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜 𝑠𝑒

𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑎 𝑦 𝑏 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑒 𝑖 = −1. 𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡ú𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠

𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜:
𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑗𝑜𝑠
3 + 5𝑖
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 + 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑐 + 𝑏 + 𝑑 𝑖
4+𝑖
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 − 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑎 − 𝑐 + 𝑏 − 𝑑 𝑖 3 + 5𝑖 4 − 𝑖 12 − 3𝑖 + 20𝑖 − 5𝑖 2
∗ =
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑗𝑜𝑠 4+𝑖 4−𝑖 16 − 𝑖 2
12 + 17𝑖 + 5
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑑𝑖 + 𝑏𝑐𝑖 + 𝑏𝑑𝑖 2 =
16 + 1
= 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑑𝑖 + 𝑏𝑐𝑖 − 𝑏𝑑 17 + 17𝑖 17(1 + 𝑖)
= = =1+𝑖
= 𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏𝑑) + (𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐 𝑖 17 17
𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑗𝑜𝑠
𝐸𝑗𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜:

5+𝑖
2𝑖

5 + 𝑖 𝑖 5𝑖 + 𝑖 2 𝑟
∗ =
2𝑖 𝑖 2𝑖 2 𝑦
5𝑖 − 1 5𝑖 − 1 𝜃
= =−
−2 2
𝑂 𝑥
𝐸𝑗𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑍 = 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖
𝑥 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑦 = 𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
𝑍 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝑖 = 𝑟(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃)
𝑟 ≥ 0, 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 2𝜋
𝑥
𝑍 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
𝑍
1.3 Ecuación de la recta y secciones cónicas
1.4 y 1.5 Transformación de coordenadas y Rotación de ejes

𝑥 = 𝑥´𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑦´𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝑦 = 𝑥´𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 + 𝑦´𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜:

𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑥𝑦 = 1 𝑒𝑛 𝑡é𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑥´𝑦´ 𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠

𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛 á𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 45°. 𝐴𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑣𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛.

𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝜃 = 45°

2 2 2
𝑥 = 𝑥´𝑐𝑜𝑠45 − 𝑦´𝑠𝑒𝑛45 = 𝑥´ − 𝑦´ = ∗ (𝑥´ − 𝑦´)
2 2 2

2 2 2
𝑦 = 𝑥´𝑠𝑒𝑛45 + 𝑦´𝑐𝑜𝑠45 = 𝑥´ + 𝑦´ = ∗ (𝑥´ + 𝑦´)
2 2 2

𝐴𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑟 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 𝑒𝑛 𝑥𝑦 = 1 𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒

 2 2
∗ (𝑥´ − 𝑦´) ∗ (𝑥´ + 𝑦´) = 1 𝑦
2 2 𝑦´

2 𝜃
∗ 𝑥´2 − 𝑦´2 = 1
4
𝑥´
1
∗ 𝑥´2 − 𝑦´2 = 1
2 𝜃

𝑥´2 𝑦´2 𝑥
− =1 𝑂
2 2
1.6 Trigonometría

𝑎
𝐵
𝐶

𝑏
𝐴