Verification of KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW

(Mesh Analaysis)
 Ex. No. : 01
 Date : 13/12/18
 Aim :To verify Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law practically and theoritically
o To measure the loop and branch currents in the given circuit
o To verify the measured values with the calculated values using Mesh
Analysis.

Apparatus Required:

S. No. Component Description Specification Quantity

1 Resistors (330Ω,270Ω,390Ω,2;20Ω,180Ω) 1 each
2 Ammeter MC (0-50) mA (DC) 1 No.
3 Voltmeter (0-30) V (DC) 1 No.
4 Breadboard -- 1 No.
5 Connecting Wires Single Strand 6 wires
6 RPS (0-32)V (DC) 1 No.

Circuit Diagram :

All resistances are in ohm and potentials and potential drops are in Volts.
Current is in milliAmpere.

Theory :
According to Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law ,“The algebraic sum of current and resistance in each
part of a network equal to the algebraic sum of emf’s in the circuit ”.
It is applicable to any closed contour in a branched circuit.
 𝐼 k Rk = 𝐸 k
Where I k= Current in that part of the circuit
R k= Resistance in that part of the circuit
E k= Emf in that part of the circuit

Formulae Used :

𝐼 k Rk = 𝐸k
Tabulation(s) :

S. No. I1 I2 I3
1 23 mA 3 mA 16.5 mA

Manual Calculations
Working Circuit :

I1

I2
I3

Procedure :
Join the circuit as shown in figure.Set voltages to 10 V and 12 V accordingly.Note down
ammeter reading.
Result :

S. No. Current No. Manual Calculation Practical Output Error

Percent
1 I1 23.07 mA 23 mA 0.3
2 I2 03.13 mA 03 mA 4.3
3 I3 -16.5mA 16.5 mA 0

Inference :

Hence the Kirchhoff Voltage Law is verified(Error is within experimental error range).
A little variation , maybe due to heating of resistor is obtained,increasing resistance and hence
decreasing the current.

1. Verification of KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW

(Nodal Analaysis)
Ex. No. : 01
Date : 13/12/18
Aim :To verify Kirchhoff’s Current Law practically and theoritically
o To measure the node voltages in the given circuit
o To verify the measured values with the calculated values using Node Voltage
Analysis.

Apparatus Required:

S. No. Component Description Specification Quantity

1 Resistors (330Ω,270Ω,390Ω,2;20Ω,180Ω) 1 each
2 Ammeter MC (0-50) mA (DC) 1 No.
3 Voltmeter (0-30) V (DC) 1 No.
4 Breadboard -- 1 No.
5 Connecting Wires Single Strand 6 wires
6 RPS (0-32)V (DC) 1 No.

Circuit Diagram:
All resistances are in ohm and potentials and potential drops are in Volts.
Current is in ampere.

Theory : It states that the algebraic sum of currents meeting at a junction is equal to zero :

𝐼k =0
Where I k= Current arriving at a junction of the circuit.

Formulae Used : 𝐼k =0
Tabulation(s) :

S. No. Potential across R4 Potential across R5

1 4.3 V 3.5 V

Manual Calculations
Working Circuit (Sample) (Minimum 2 photos)

Procedure :
Join the circuit as shown in figure.Set voltages to 10 V and 12 V accordingly.Note down
voltmeter reading.
Result:

S. No. Manual Calculation Practical Output Error Percent

1 4.4 V 4.3 V 2.3
2 3.5 V 3.5 V 0

Inference :

Hence the Kirchhoff Current Law is verified(Error is within experimental error range).
A little variation , maybe due to heating of resistor is obtained,increasing resistance and hence
decreasing the potential drop.