Scribd Logo
Загрузить

Добро пожаловать в Scribd!

  • Evolution Test Revision Answers 2

    Загружено:

    Zhiyong Huang
    11 просмотров3 страницы
    Evolution Test Revision Answers 2

    Авторское право

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Доступные форматы

    PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd

    Этот документ был вам полезен?

    Это неприемлемый материал?

    Пожаловаться на этот документ
    Evolution Test Revision Answers 2

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    11 просмотров3 страницы

    Evolution Test Revision Answers 2

    Загружено:

    Zhiyong Huang
    Evolution Test Revision Answers 2

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 3
    18 a Homo sapiens b Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens © Australopithecus afarensis _ Australopithecus boisei, Australopithecus robustus and Homo erectus, possibly Australopithecus africanus and Homo habilis Homo sapiens £ Australopithecus afarensis Chapter review Summary questions 1 2 Anadaptation is an inherited structural, finetional or behavioural characteristic that aids the survival of an organism. b Adaptations of the whale to its marine environment include streamlined shape for easier movement through water, blubber to protect it from the cold and large bilobed tail for propulsion through the water. 2 a Favourable characteristics are those that enable the individual to survive and reproduce. b The species becomes well adapted to its environment. 3 Geographic isolation needs to occur before reproductive isolation can occur. 4 Two animals of the same species might eventually not recognise each other because of changes in colour or mating ritual, changes in the timing of rituals and mating (eg, night and day, or seasonal). 5 The main problem of Lamarck’s theory of evolution is that it depends on acquired characteristics. These characteristics are not inherited and will only affect the generation that acquired them. 6 Darwin's theory of evolution was so controversial because it implied that humans ‘were descended from apes and were not formed in the image of God. 7 a structures that are fundamentally similar but look different and perform different functions b divergent structures that look similar but are the result of different ancestral backgrounds convergent 8 Although an individual inherits its characteristics from its parents, the mixture of characteristics will not be the same even for each sibling and will be very different for individuals from different parents. Hence there will be natural variation within a family and within a species. 9 Knowledge of DNA and inheritance explains variation in species. The idea of gene duplication and mutation may explain the source of new characteristics. Answers to coursebook questions 10 Humans are different from other primates because they walk upright; have fewer, ler teeth; have a flattened face; have a larger skull capacity and brain; make and verbal and visual languages to communicate; are self-aware. 11 Homo habilis, Homo erectus Thinking questions 13 a Elephants had short trunks. In order to reach food they stretched their trunks. This characteristic was passed to the offspring. Over the generations, this stretching and inheritance produced long trunks for all elephants. b Elephants had a variety of trunk lengths. Those with longer trunks were better able to find food, and therefore survived. They produced offspring with longer trunks. Eventually all surviving elephants had long trunks. © Both proposed that species evolved. 14 ¢ Members of a rabbit population show variation in their resistance fo cold. € The rabbits” habitat becomes colder due to a major climate change. a Rabbits with a gene for cold resistance survive, while other rabbits die Offspring of the surviving rabbits inherit the gene for cold resistance. b Over several generations, the number of rabbits with cold resistance increases. 15 The chemical reactions that are thought to have formed the first living things occurred in the absence of oxygen and with the aid of ultraviolet rays. The Earth's atmosphere now has oxygen, and much of the ultraviolet light is screened by ozone. 16 Fossilisation is a rare event, so few fossils are expected. Geological processes can destroy fossils. Human activities may destroy fossils. 17 9 gills; heart structure b_ These similarities could have come about through common ancestry. 18 [Term Description Parallel evolution _ | produces structurally similar, closely related organisms which live in

    Вам также может понравиться