OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

(EOH 3201)
3 (3+0)

2
 FALLING, IMPACT,
ACCELERATION, AND
LIFTING HAZARDS
 REFRESH QUESTION:
WHICH INDUSTRY HAVE THE
HIGHEST NUMBER OF
ACCIDENTS ????
Occupational Accidents Statistics
by Sector Until June 2014
FALLING
WHAT IS FALLING???
HIGH RISK TYPES OF
WORK OF
FALLING????
 HIGH RISK TYPES OF WORK

TYPES OF WORK:
 Roofers.
 Bridge work.
 Ladder work.
 Iron workers.
 Tree trimming.
 Scaffolding work.
 Window cleaning.
 Construction framing.
 Construction painters.
 Work from overhead cranes.
MOST!!!!!!!!!!….. HIGH
RISK TYPES OF WORK
OF FALLING????
FALLING TO SLEEP
 Primary causes of falls

• More than 16 percent of all disabling work

related injuries are the result of falls.

What Are The

Primary Causes
Of Falls???
 Primary causes of falls

The primary causes of falls are:

• A foreign object on the walking surface.

• A design defect in the walking surface.

• Slippery surfaces.

• An individual’s impaired physical condition.

What Are The Most
Common Kinds of
Falls???
 Most Common Kinds of Falls

• Trip and fall: accidents occur when worker encounters

an unseen foreign object in their path.
 Most Common Kinds of Falls

• Stump and fall: accidents occur when a worker’s foot

suddenly meets a sticky surface or a defect in the
walking surface.
 Most Common Kinds of Falls

• Step and fall: accidents occur when a worker encounters

an unexpected step down.
 Most Common Kinds of Falls

• Slip and fall: accidents occur when the worker’s center of

gravity is suddenly thrown out of balance (oily spot). This
is the most common type of fall.
 Most Common Kinds of Falls

• Falling from ladders is covered later

 How surface traction is measured

• Use the coefficient of friction which is a

numerical comparison of the resistance of one
surface (shoe or boot) against another surface
(the floor).
• Surfaces with a coefficient of friction of 0.2 or
less are very slippery and very hazardous.
e.g. ice is 0.1
• Surfaces with a coefficient of friction of 0.4 or
higher have a good traction. e.g. concrete is
0.43
 What Are The
Strategies For
Preventing Slips??
 Strategies for preventing slips

• Choose the right material from the outset: For walking surfaces,
select surface material that has the highest coefficient of friction.
 Strategies for preventing slips

• Retrofit an existing surface: Retrofit existing surfaces with friction

enhancement devices such as runners, skid strips, carpet, grooves,
abrasive coatings, grills, and textured coverings.
 Strategies for preventing slips

• Practice good housekeeping: Regardless of the type of surface,

keep it clean and dry. Spilled water, grease, oil, solvents should be
removed immediately. When cleaning or mopping rope off area and
erect warning signs.
 Strategies for preventing slips

• Require nonskid footwear: Employees who work in areas where

slipping is likely to be a problem should be required to wear shoes
with special nonskid soles.
 Strategies for preventing slips

• Inspect surfaces frequently: Safety and health professionals should

conduct frequent inspections and act immediately when a hazard is
identified.
 IMPACT &
ACCELERATION

LIFTING HAZARDS
What Is Impact
& Acceleration
Hazards??

What Is Lifting
Hazards???
 Impact & Acceleration Hazards

ACCELERATION:

An airborne body will accelerate at 32

feet/second during a free fall. If the
free fall distance can be reduced the
injury can be reduced.
 Impact & Acceleration Hazards

FREEFALL DISTANCE:
The distance the person falls to the
moment the system begins to apply
force to arrest the fall.

18 FEET

Fall Protection Safety Harnesses

 Impact & Acceleration Hazards

Continued
lifeline elongation and free fall distance,
before stopping

harness attachment
Impact & Acceleration Hazards
Impact & Acceleration Hazards

Continued
Lifting Hazards
Lifting Hazards
 WHAT ARE THE HEALTH
EFFECTS OF THIS HAZARDS ON
WORKERS?

1. FALLING,

2. IMPACT & ACCELERATION

3. LIFTING HAZARDS

PREPARE IN A POWERPOINT FORMAT

(10-15 SLIDES ONLY) AND EMAIL TO
megam@upm.edu.my (Hard Copy)