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(1) ACT: Act means a law passed by the Parliament through adopting proper legislative
procedure/bossiness, after obtaining approval and consent of the Parliamentary Committee,
Lower House and Upper House of the Parliament, for example,,, Ant-Terrorism Act,
(3) CODE: A set of secondary laws (other then Constitution) especially made and uniformed in a
single code/bare aiming at effective applicability and regulating the procedure of
Forums/courts and specified outcomes/punishment for example, Pakistan Penal Code and Crl
Procedure Code.
(4) STATUTE: A Comprehensive Term used for different laws including Act, Ordinance and
Orders. In other words, laws having protection of the Constitution.
(5) MANUAL: It is neither a legal term nor a kind of law but it is a general term used for a
compendium/compilation/ins-cyclopedia of laws of specific filed/profession or department,
containing all the relevant laws and rules. For example, Manual of Jail Laws, Manual of Military
Laws.
(6) ARTICLE: A legal term used for division-ing and and portioning of basic and fundamental
laws/direct legislation by a Parliament, within a Major/Primary Law of a country or a company.
For example Constitution of Pakistan, Articles of Association of any company/organisation etc.
(7) SECTION: A term used for division-ing and and portioning of secondary laws of a state ,next
to the constitution, providing definitions, regulating procedures and the punishment etc. For
example Section 302 of Pakistan Penal Code and 154 of Criminal Procedure
Diligence: Reasonable care or attention to a matter; for instance, looking both ways before
proceeding after stopping at a stop sign, washing your hands before cooking food in a
restaurant or operating in a hospital or checking brakes and other mechanical components on
tour buses at regular intervals. Due diligence denotes what a normal, responsible person would
do under the same conditions.
#Felony: A serious crime punishable by death or at least one year in a state or federal prison.
Felonies include arson, rape, perjury and homicide. When theft is involved, the value of that
which was stolen determines whether the offense is considered a misdemeanor or felony
#Laws: A system of regulations governing the conduct of a community, state, society or nation
in order to provide consistent order and justice. In the United States, laws can be statutes,
ordinances or regulations, and are usually enacted by the legislative branch at a state or federal
level, or by a branch of the government with authorization from a law already established.
#Malfeasance: Doing something illegal or morally wrong. Malfeasance includes dishonesty and
abuse of authority.
#Mens Rea (menz ray-ah) Latin for a “guilty mind”; mens rea is used to describe a culpable state
of mind, the criminal intent of the individual when committing an criminal act. For some crimes,
this intent must have been present for a person to be guilty of the crime.
#Misdemeanor: A crime less serious than a felony, punishable by or imprisonment for less than
a year.
When complainant approaches to the magistrate,, then magistrate without taking cognizance
and without taking examination of the complainant upon oath ,, the magistrate will refer the
complainant towards SHO along with detectives to SHO for registration of FIR,
Second option for entertaining direct complaint u/s 190(1) (a) and section 200 Cr.p.c.
When complainant approaches the magistrate,, then magistrate can opt for the second option,
whereby, he will take cognizanze first 190(1)(a) , then will examinane complainant uon oath
200.
Either will make inquiry itself about the truth and falsehood of the complaint,,, or,, will direct
police to investigate the matter and submit the Report.
Art 20 QSO Wajtakar is a witness who came across a way where he saw a person coming out of
that place where the incident had committed.
Evidence of wajtakker is weak and infirm evidence and assumes no importance without any
ocular evidence.
One who happens to be on place of occurrence by chance is called a chance witness. Chance
witnesses can never be relied upon in a case involving capital punishment unless corroborated
by independent, impartial, non-partisan and trustworthy witness.
3- Which article deals with “Right of fair trial”? Rationale behind its enactment? When it was
inserted in the constitution?
Art 10A of constitution 1973 deals with right of fair trial, inserted by 18th amendment, on 19
April 2010.
Sec 340 & 342 353 to 365 CrPC deals with fair trial.
Discharge is the prerogative of area magistrate or police officer while acquittal is prerogative of
the trial as well as appellate and revision court.
No appeal and revision lies while appeal lies to the H.C under sec.417cr.p.c and 411-A Cr.p.c if
accused is acquitted.
Discharge is done during the course of investigation while acquittal is done after the
commencement of trial.
General rule is that review is not competent in criminal law but under section 369 Cr.p.c it is
allowed only for correction of clerical mistake in judgment.
The border between Azad Kashmir n Occupied Kashmir is termed as LOC by India n Working
boundary by Pakistan
The border between Azad Kashmir n Occupied Kashmir is termed as LOC by India n Working
boundary by Pakistan.
Accused does not admit in terms or in full his accusation even after confession
489-F
Purpose:
Business transaction
The essential factors for offence under S-489 -F PPC is that the cheque must HV been issued
dishonestly with knowledge and intention that it would be dishonored on presentation and
must have been issued for the return/re-payment of loan or for the fulfillment of obligation
,mere issuance of cheque without dishonest intention and issuance of
Cheque other than for the return/repayment of loan does not impose either civil liability or
criminal liability u/s 489-F PPC.
Example if one friend issues cheque another friend for encashment bcz the friend who issued
cheque was busy in other work, hence he requested and he issued cheque in the name of his
friend for encashment only, without any transaction or agreement between them ,hence such
issuance of cheque does not amount to offence under S-489-F PPC nor it imposes civil liability.
Bcz cheque was not issued dishonestly and cheque was not issued in respect of any transaction.
Cheque was not issued for repayment of loan or fulfillment of obligation.
249-A is the power of magistrate to acquit the accused without conclusion of trial while 265-k is
power of session judge to acquit the accused without conclusion of trial.
To invoke the provision of section 249-A two grounds are required one is charge is groundless
and second there is also probability of being conviction on the other hand 265-k requires only
one ground there is no probability of being conviction
Complaint is accusation of an offence against any person before a magistrate with the view of
his taking action.
Mens Reus:
Actus Rea:
Summary trials are conducted in case of minor offences; the offences whose punishment does
not exceed a term of six months may be tried summarily.
Bench of magistrates:
Article 190 C O P, 1973 all executive & judicial authorities throughout Pakistan shall act in aid of
Supreme Court
Protective bail -which is granted when a person felt in danger of being arrested not by the court
of competent jurisdiction but by another court for e.g. a case is registered against a person in
Rawalpindi and he is in Lahore he can move a petition in LHC to grant him bail that bail would
be protective interim bail.
Anticipatory Bail is a kind of pre-arrest protective bail which is granted by High court u/s 561-A
Crpc in certain circumstances and for certain period, without touching the merits of the case, to
provide protection to the accused against imminent arrest and to enable the accused to
approach the concerned /trial court for seeking bail from such concerned/trial court.
to stay a judicial proceeding pending at the institution of the suit in which the injunction is
sought, unless such restraint is necessary to prevent a multiplicity of proceedings;
(b) to stay proceedings in a Court not subordinate to that from which the injunction is sought;
(d) to interfere with the public duties of any department of the Government, or with the
sovereign acts of Foreign
Government;
(f) to prevent the breach of a contract the performance of which would not be specifically
enforced;
(g) to prevent, on the ground of nuisance, an act of which it is not reasonably clear that it will
be a nuisance;
(i) when equally efficacious relief can certainly be obtained by any other usual mode of
proceeding except in case of breach of trust;
(j) when the conduct of the applicant on his agents has been such asto disentitle him to the
assistance of the Court;
(k) Where the applicant has no personal interest in the matter
Order xxxix rule 2 is the punishment of the violation of rule 1, I.e. 6 months of imprisonment
Issuance of show cause notice to surety to come forward to submit amount of surety or tell to
the court reasons for not submission
Recovery from attachment of moveable property of such surety or his estate if he is so dead
If the property is situated in local limits of court issuing order for attachment then by the order
of such court if the property is not situated in local limits of court issuing order for attachment
then by the order of such court endorsed by district Officer Revenue within the local limits of
whose jurisdiction such property is found.
If such penalty is not paid and cannot be recovered by such attachment and sale, the person so
bound shall be liable, by order of the Court which issued the warrant, to imprisonment in the
civil jail for a term which may extend to six months.
The Court may, at its discretion, remit any portion of the penalty mentioned and enforce
payment in part only.
Where a surety to a bond dies before the bond is forfeited, his estate shall be discharged from
all liability in respect of the Bond.
Kidnapping or abduction for ransom extorting property or any valuable property on release of
kidnapped or abducted person.
A safe house is, in a generic sense, a secret place for sanctuary or suitable to hide persons from
the law, hostile actors or actions, or from retribution, threats or perceived danger
Its extra judicial confession, so not relevant, as ipsi dixit of the police is not binding upon the
court. The substantive law of confession is contained in articles 37 to 43 of QSO1984.
According to article 38 General rule is that a confession made before a police officer is
inadmissible.
But this rule has two exceptions one under article 39 a confession made by an accused in the
custody of police is admissible, if it is made in the immediate presence of the magistrate. And
2nd is under article 40 confession is admissible that leads to the discovery like instruments of
crime
460- deals with constructive liability where more than one person commits house breaking by
night or lurking house trespass and any one of them commit or attempt to commit murder or
hurt all persons shall be liable for life imprisonment or up to ten years and shall also be liable to
punishment for offence committed.
302. Whoever commits murder as defined in 300 P.P.C would be published as qisas
443 P.P.C Lurking house-trespass. Whoever commits house-trespass having taken precautions
to conceal such house-trespass from some person who has a right to exclude or eject the
trespasser from the building, tent or vessel which is the subject of the trespass, is said to
commit ―lurking house-trespass. It starts by introduction of any part of the criminal
trespasser’s body is entering.
Quashment of FIR is the power of HC under section 561-A Cr.P.C and Art 199 constitution of
Pakistan. FIR is quashed when there is a prima facie case that there is no such occurrence has
taken place. High court can quash F.I.R in its writ jurisdiction. A petition needs to be filed in the
High Court stating the grounds under which the FIR is sought to be quashed.
Investigating Officer can dispose of F.I.R. as cancelled if he finds the same false, founded On
mistake of law or a dispute of civil nature or untraceable, after taking all necessary steps to
The best of his endeavor and ability, but order of cancellation of F.I.R. must be obtained from
a Magistrate competent to take Cognizance of the offence and to try the case or to send the
matter for trial to higher Court.
u/s 4(1)(K)cr.pc 'Inquiry' includes every inquiry other than a trial conducted under this Code
by a Magistrate or Court;
u/s 4(1)(L)cr.pc Investigation' includes all the proceedings under this Code for the collection of
evidence conducted by a police-officer or by any person (other than a Magistrate) who is
authorized by a Magistrate in this behalf;
Authority inquiry can be conducted by magistrate or the court, while investigation is always
conducted by a police officer or any person authorized by a magistrate.
Purpose: Purpose of inquiry is to ascertain the truth or falsity of facts of the case, while
investigation’s purpose is the collection of evidence regarding the guilt of the accused.
If no pleader the accused give defensive statement on oath which is cross examined
No incriminating questions about any other offence accept the one under which he is being
tried.
Court can ask any question at any stage, normally after recording prosecution Evidence, like,
why he is being involved in the case. Why the evidence is against him? Whether he committed
the offence etc
Court only draws its inference by the answers given under 342.
Yes - our law and even constitution is based upon the Islamic law and in Islam , murder of a
person is the assassination of the humanity, so capital punishment should be awarded to
discourageevils
First: To overawe by criminal force, or show of criminal force, the Central or any Provincial
Government or Legislature or any public servant in the exercise of the lawful power of such
public servant;
Fourth: By means of criminal force, or show of criminal force, to any person to take or obtain
possession of any property, or to deprive any person of the enjoyment of a right of a way, or of
the use of water or other incorporeal right of which he is in possession or enjoyment, or to
enforce any right or supposed right
Fifth: By means of criminal force, or show of criminal force, to compel any person to do what
he is not legally bound to do, or to omit to do what he is legally entitled to do. Explanation: An
assembly which was not unlawful when it assembled may subsequently become an unlawful
assembly.
(1) If it is proved that an accused person has absconded, and that there is no immediate
prospect of arresting him the Court competent to try in his absence, examine the witnesses
produced on behalf of the prosecution, and record their depositions. Any such deposition may,
on the arrest of such person, be given in evidence against him on the inquiry into, of trial for
the offence with which he is charged, if the dependent is dead or incapable of giving evidence
or his attendance cannot be procured without an amount of delay, expense or inconvenience
which, under the circumstances of the case, would be unreasonable. 2) Record of evidence
when offender unknown. If it appears that an offence punishable with death or 21
[imprisonment for life] has been committed by some person unknown, the High Court may
direct that any Magistrate of the first class shall hold an inquiry and examine any witness who
can give evidence concerning the offence. Any deposition so taken may be given in evidence
against any person who is subsequently accused of the offence, if the deponent is dead or
incapable of giving evidence or beyond the limits of Pakistan
It is a BAIL granted to an absconder when he surrenders himself before the court by his
attorney. On 8 May 2003 1st
BAIL of such type was granted to MNA Nasim ur Rehman by Supreme court of Pakistan. Where
the petitioner applied this BAIL through his attorney (NAB CASE indicted u/s 31 NABORD)
46(1) QSO
Last words about the cause of death of the dying person are called dying declarations. Which
are relevant under provision given above.
174A, crpc deals with the recording of dying declaration, when a person grievously hurt or
injured or burned by oil or any other means, comes to the hospital the medical officer is duty
bound to inform the police and magistrate and simultaneously he will record the statement of
the injured person. And if the person remains capable to give statement the magistrate will also
record that statement in his presence
53- Difference between section 406 and 420….Can an offender be charge with both at the same
time?
406 is punishment of criminal breach of trust means when any person disposes off the property
entrusted to him under any legal or contractual obligation and he violates such obligation and
converts the property into his own use.
Any offence amounting to breach of public peace or tranquility is called public preach. Chapter
8 PPC deals with such offences.
Final arguments
Conviction or acquittal
Conjugal rights as that a husband or wife is entitled with his or her spouse in marriage- the right
to be intimate with his or her spouse.
Bail without FIR is not possible. It’s mandatory registration of FIR under section 498-a for bail
Ordinary, a witness deposes to facts from his recollection but memory May dada and it is,
therefore, very necessary he should be allowed to assist his memory by looking at documents
containing an account of those facts. This is known as "refreshing memory"
Art 184 constitutional petition , sou moto , & original jurisdiction of SC while 199 writ
jurisdiction before HC
174-A crpc deals with grievous injury by burns through fire,kerosene oil acid, chemical or by any
other way
Cognizable FIR
In any criminal. Case the case-property is one which is connected with the commission of
offence one-way or the other. The weapons used in the offence, the empties of the fire-arms
are case property. And whn these are deposited in mal-khana of police-stataion,if some vehicle
was used in the commission of offence and that was revovrd during investigation or the
robbed-money or the recover-narcotics are all case-properties. During trial case proprty is
produced in court and is got exhibited in the statmnt of the witnesses of the said-recvery.the
motor-bike,car,or weapons of ofnce and epmties shall be marked as exhibit P-1 and onwards
and the recovry-memoes and the other documents are got exhibit in the statement of the
relevnt witnesses and marked as exihibit A,B,C,D onwards...
In non-cognizable cases police officer cannot investigate without the order of magistrate 1st or
2nd class having power to try the offence. And upon receiving such order police officer may
exercise same powers as he may exercise in cognizable case
During emergency all constitution is suspended except article 4 related to fundamental rights
Sec 96 provides nothing is an offence which is done in exercise of right of private defence.
Case property is such property which has been used in commission of an offence
85- When challan is submitted in court, which two documents are submitted extra?
Section 155 provides that when information reaches to the in charge of police station as to
commission of non cognizable offence, he should make entries in the book maintained for the
purpose without any investigation refer the matter to the magistrate for order
Whoever voluntary obstruct any person from proceeding in any direction in which that person
has right is said to wrong full restrain to that persons.
Wrongful confinement that whoever wrongfully restrains any person in such a manner as to
prevent that person from proceeding beyond certain circumscribing line of war.
Qso A-22 identification of stranger offender who is not previously known to the witness
Ikrah e tam to putting any person spouse or any of his blood relation with prohibited degree
marriage in fear of instant death or permanent impairing any of organ of body or fear subjected
to Zina bil Jabr, Ikrah e naqis a form of dui which doesn't amount to Ikrah e tam.
91- What is meant and procedure for “Saat (7) Ikawan (51)”?
7/51 is in real sense are 107 & 151 CrPC under section 151 a police officer can arrest without
orders by court a person who designs to commit an offence and produce him before magistrate
under section 107 magistrate takes bonds foe keeping peace and not to disturb public order or
tranquility for 3 years... Police report in such cases is called qalandra and bind is called
muchalka naqs-e-aman.
92- What is meant by privilege communication?
Privileged communication is the statements which are made by the persons to each other when
they had a protected
93- When an absconder may be said proclaimed offender and what procedure next?
87crpc when the warrants of a person are issued and he absconded or conceals himself so that
the warrant cannot be executed the court can issue the proclamation. Which shall not less than
30 days and shall be publicly read over and be affixed to some conspicuous place and copy
thereof shall be affixed to the court also after that the order for attachment of property is
made under section 88 crpc.
94- Which provision of Cr.P.C and PPC deal with Extra Territorial Jurisdiction?
Reason of revision.
Where the findings of fact affecting the decision is not based on the evidence.
Sec 133 PPC deals with Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer,
when in execution of his office.
Sec 133 PPC the assault done by a sailor, soldier, airman, in army, navy or air force, to his senior
officer in the execution of his office, shall be published with imprisonment for 3 year and fine
also.
Sec 425_ causing wrongful loss to a person or public, causing destruction of any property which
effects its value or usage, is called mischief.
Borstal institution means a place where child offender may be detained and given education
and training for their mental, moral and psychological development.
144 Power to issue order absolute at once in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger.
105- What is meant by JID under Pakistan Protection Ordinance, when said law is enacted?
JID stands for joint investigation directorate comprising of 30 desks and director of intelligence
and investigation as head
MS means accuses is guilty of the offence but due to MS less severity of sentence should be
awarded.
Instances of MS exceeding self-defense..
Power to issue directions of the nature of a Habeas Corpus. Any High Court may, whenever it
(a) that a person within the limits of its appellate criminal jurisdiction be brought up before the
Court to be dealt with according to law:
(b) that a person illegally or improperly detained in public or private custody within such limits
be set at
liberty;
(c) that a prisoner detained in any jail situate within such limits be brought before Court to be
there examined as a witness in any matter pending or to be inquired into in such Court;
(e) that a prisoner within such limits be removed from one custody to another for the purpose
of trial; and
(f) that the body of defendant within such limits be brought in on the Sheriff's return of cepi
corpus to a
writ of attachment.
(2) The High Court may, from time to time, frame rules to regulate the procedure in the cases
under this
section.
2 more points i want to share from my notes in s.491 H.C can direct these power to session
court/additional
Session judge shall be exercise by then within the territorial-limits of a sessions-division... and
5000 security fees has to deposit before Session-judge, if person from that place that fees can
be refund...
299. Definitions:
In this Chapter, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context:
(a) "adult" means a person who has attained the age of eighteen years;
(b) "arsh" means the compensation specified in this Chapter to be paid to the victim or his heirs
under this Chapter;
(c) "authorised medical officer" means a medical officer or a Medical board, howsoever
designated, authorized by the Provincial Government;
(d) "daman" means the compensation determined by the Court to be paid by the offender to
the victim for causing hurt not liable to arsh;
(e) "diyat" means the compensation specified in Section 323 payable to the heirs of the victim;
(g) "ikrah-e-tam" means putting any person, his spouse or any of his blood relations within the
prohibited degree of marriage in fear of instant death or instant, permanent impairing of any
organ of the body or instant fear of being subjected to sodomy or ziha-bil-jabr;
(h) "ikrah-e-naqis" means any form of duress which does not amount to ikrah-i-tam;
112[(ii) "offence committed in the name or on the pretext of honour" means an offence
committed in the name or on the pretext of karo
(k) "qisas" means punishment by causing similar hurt at the same part of the body of the
convict as he has caused to the victim or by causing his death if he has committed qatl-iamd in
exercise Of the right of the victim or a Wali;
(l) "ta'zir" means purushment other than qisas, diyat, arsh , or daman; and
Column No 2 of the challan or police report includes the names of people which are declared
innocent by police. Similarly the names of people which are absconders are also mentioned in
this column. Similarly the accused which are not arrested and having warrants issued on their
names are also mentioned in this column.
Column No 3 has the names of people which are on bail in the certain case.
Column No 4 is for the people which are discharged by the court in any other manner..
Column No 5 of police report has the details of recovery which has been made in the instant
case.
Column No 6 of the challan consists of the names of witnesses in the instant case.
Column No 7 of the police report has the detailed viewpoint of the police regarding the case.
Usually it has the story similar to the one
540-A. Provision for inquiries an trial being held in the absence of accused in certain cases. (1)
At any
stage of an inquiry or trial under this Code, where two or more accused are before the court, if
the Judge or Magistrate is satisfied for reason to be recorded, that any one or more of such
accused is or incapable of remaining before the Court, he may, if such accused is represented
by a pleader, dispense with his attendance and proceed with such inquiry or trial in his absence,
and may, at any subsequent stage of the proceedings, direct the personal attendance of such
accused.
(2) If the accused in any such case is not represented by a pleader, or if the Judge or Magistrate
considers his personal attendance necessary, he may, if he thinks fit, and for reasons to be
recorded by him either adjourn such inquiry or trial, or order that the case of such accused be
taken up or tried separately.
Whoever causes jurh in which the injury extends to the body cavity of the trunk is said to cause
jaifia.
Whoever causes jurh which does not amount to jaifia is said to cause ghyr-jaifia.
115. Where from did you pass your Law Graduation? It’s Faculty?
When accomplice is granted tender of pardon under sec.337 cr.pc then he attains the status of
approver or sultani ghawa
At any stage of true before any trial court subordinate to H.C before the judgment is passed the
prosecutor General or any prosecutor who especially authorized by him, for reasons to be
recorded in writing inform the court on behalf of government that prosecutor shall not
prosecute the acct upon the charge and proceedings 'll be stayed. This discharge doesn't
amount acquittal.
119. Role of challan (Repost Under Sec. 173 Cr.PC) in criminal justice system....
173 sec cr.p.c is the culminating point of investigation of the case. It ordains that investigation
shall be completed without unnecessary delay and requires the sublimation if report by S.H.O
to allaqa magistrate. Police report under charge is groundless or there is no probability of being
conviction there is nothing to prevent him from acquitting the accused at any stage
of the case.
While 265-k is the same power of session’s judge of acquittal when there is no probability of
being conviction.
Suit Any proceeding brought by one or more parties against another one or more parties in a
court of law
Pleading is the beginning stage of a lawsuit in which parties formally submit their claims and
defenses. The plaintiff submits a complaint stating the cause of action valuable security A
document which is, or purports to be, a document whereby any legal right is created, extended,
transferred, restricted, extinguished or released, or whereby any person acknowledges that the
lies under legal liability, or has not a certain legal right.
122. Where do the Offences under 1). Custom 2). Narcotics tried?
Special courts
123. What is Qusai act, expert opinion 510, bomb blast reports?
A skilled person having expertise in forensic
249 ) proceedings
Magisterial trial defined in section 241 to 250 A crpc os the trial by magistrate
Supplying of copies
Framing of charge
Final arguments
Conviction or acquittal
Accused is considered as innocent until proven guilty.. Once an accused is acquitted and appeal
against acquittal is field against him.
Now presumption of double innocence is attaches with him. .he was already innocent and was
also declared innocent by a trial court...
After a conviction in criminal (as opposed to civil) proceedings, sentencing is next. When
sentenced, the convicted criminal is issued a formal judgment that usually pronounces the
punishment. The convict can appeal the sentence, but a sentence usually takes effect while
appeals occur. Section 173 constitutes the charge sheet.
The magistrate may in police case, stop the procedure at any stage and release the accused for
reasons to be recorded him. This power of discharge of accused at midway stage is restricted
only to police cases instituted otherwise than in private complaint.
While 249-a is embodied the law that if after hearing the prosecutor and the accused, and for
reasons to be recorded, the magistrate that charge is groundless or there is no probability of
being conviction there is nothing to prevent him from acquitting the accused at any stage of the
case.
While 265-k is the same power of session’s judge of acquittal when there is no probability of
being conviction.
Suit Any proceeding brought by one or more parties against another one or more parties in a
court of law
Pleading is the beginning stage of a lawsuit in which parties formally submit their claims and
defenses. The plaintiff submits a complaint stating the cause of action valuable security A
document which is, or purports to be, a document whereby any legal right is created, extended,
transferred, restricted, extinguished or released, or whereby any person acknowledges that the
lies under legal liability, or has not a certain legal right.
122. Where do the Offences under 1). Custom 2). Narcotics tried?
Special courts
123. What is Qusai act, expert opinion 510, bomb blast reports?
249 ) proceedings
Magisterial trial defined in section 241 to 250 A crpc os the trial by magistrate
Supplying of copies
Framing of charge
Final arguments
Conviction or acquittal
Now presumption of double innocence is attaches with him. .he was already innocent and was
also declared innocent by a trial court...
After a conviction in criminal (as opposed to civil) proceedings, sentencing is next. When
sentenced, the convicted criminal is issued a formal judgment that usually pronounces the
punishment. The convict can appeal the sentence, but a sentence usually takes effect while
appeals occur.
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