Experiment No.

= 4
Title :

To make the study of Pelton Wheel and Turgo Turbine Lab Models

Introduction :

Turgo turbines and pelton wheel was developed by Gilkes in 1919. They can handle a
higher flow rate than a physically similar-sized Pelton turbine .The difference between
pelton wheel and turgo turbine is splitter.

Objective :

 To study Function , Main component and Function of each component of

machine
 To study the working and physical inspection of machine

Related Theory

Turbine

A turbine is a mechanical device that takes energy from a fluid flow and
converts it into mechanical energy. The produced energy is used for generating
electrical power when combined with a generator. .

Hydropower plant.

Resrvior stores water at higher elevation .water is allowed to move to lower elevation
through a pipe known as penstock going in to water turbine .Hydropower plant gets the
energy of falling water and converts in to electrical energy.
Types of Turbine :

There are two types of turbine

1. Impulse Turbine (Velocity Turbine)

2. Reaction Turbine (Pressure Turbine)

Impulse Turbine :

In this type of turbine the total energy of water is converted into

kinetic energy in the form of water by providing a nozzle at the end of penstock . This jet
of water strikes on the buckets of the wheel of the turbine , which applies an impulse
force on the buckets and the torque is produced which rotates the turbine

Types of Impulse Turbine

 Pelton Wheel
 Turgo Turbine

1. Pelton Wheel :

This is an impulse turbine which converts the fluid energy into kinetic energy .in this jet
of water strikes on splitter of buckets which divides into two parts on part of jet strikes
on glides on sides of bucket while other on other half of bucket.
Main Parts of Pelton wheel :

The Pelton wheel consists of the following components

Pen stock
Pen stock is a solid pipe which take water from the dam( structure which store water on
its one side) and take it to the turbine at very high speed

Spear
A spear is provided with in the pen stock and its main function is to increase and
decrease the speed of water entering into the turbine. If more water is needed spear
move back and allow more to enter into the turbine and if less water is needed spear
moves forward to spot excess water from entering in to the turbine.

Nozzle
Nozzle is provided at end of pen stock and its main function is to increase the velocity of
the water and to direct it to the buckets of the turbine.

Buckets
Each pelton turbine has a specific number of buckets attached to its runner. Buckets
take the impact of water and start to rotate along the runner

Runner
Runner is a heavy circular disc on which buckets are attached. Runner is further
attached to the shaft.

Brake nozzle
When turbine is need to be stopped then water is thrown at the back of the buckets from
another nozzle called brake nozzle

Casing
The whole setup of the turbine is enclosed in a structure called the casing of the turbine

Dynamometer

A dynamometer or "dyno" for short, is a device for measuring force, torque, or power.
For example, the power produced by an engine, motor or other rotating prime
mover can be calculated by simultaneously measuring torque and rotational
speed (RPM)
Stroboscope

A stroboscope also known as a strobe, is an instrument used to make a cyclically

moving object appear to be slow-moving, or stationary

2. Turgo Turbine :

The Turgo turbine is an impulse water turbine designed for medium head applications.
Operational Turgo Turbines achieve efficiencies of about 87%. The efficiency of turgo
turbine is lesser than pelton wheel. The only difference is the difference is splitter.

Disscusion :
In this experiment we studied about different types of turbines and
different functions of their parts and the difference of their efficiency.

References :
 https://www.wikipedia.org/
 Lab manual