In the propagation of electromagnetic waves, what are the "transmission lines"

The transmission lines are systems formed by two conductors separated by insulator through
which an electromagnetic signal is sent, represented in a difference of potential and a current
from one emitting point to another receiver

In a transmission system, what are the appropriate values for the reflection coefficient and
the VSWR?
The ROE is always real and positive, in the range 1 ≤ ROE ≤ ∞. When the line is coupled,
ZL = Z0 and there is no reflected wave. In these conditions, ROE = 1. If the line is terminated
in open circuit or in short circuit, there is total reflection and ROE = ∞. The standing wave
ratio is important, since the reflection coefficient, it is an easy parameter to measure and gives
an indication of the operating conditions of the line and its coupling to the load and the
generator. The maximum voltage of the standing wave, Vmax, occurs when the incident and
reflected voltages are in phase, ie: (Vega, 2000, page 279)
|𝑉𝑀𝑎𝑥 | = |𝑉𝑖 | + |𝑉𝑟 |

Relationship between the reflection coefficient and ROE. From the definition of the
coefficient of reflection, Γ, in we obtain that:

|𝑉𝑀𝑎𝑥 | − |𝑉𝑀𝑖𝑛 | 𝑅𝑂𝐸 − 1

|Г| = =
|𝑉𝑀𝑎𝑥 | + |𝑉𝑀𝑖𝑛 | 𝑅𝑂𝐸 + 1
The equation gives the magnitude of the reflection coefficient, but not its phase.

Moving the cursor to the end of the left side of the horizontal axis is 𝑍_𝐿 = 𝛼, and moving
the cursor to the end of the right part of the horizontal axis is 𝑍_𝐿 = 0.
What happens to the transmission and reflection coefficient when: the line ends in short
circuit and when the line ends in open circuit?
Open circuit: the transmitted wave has a double amplitude of the incident and the reflected
wave has the same amplitude as the reflected one.
Line terminated in short circuit: total reflection will be present and there is no transmitted
wave
4. What characteristics must be found in a transmission line system to be considered well
coupled?
That the impedances of the line and the load are the same when
R = zl-z0 / zl + z0 \ zl = or τ = 1 + τ = 1
In this case there is total transmission, that is to say that the total of the wave propagates
without presenting reflection, this condition is ideal to maximize the transmission of power
to the load since there is no reflection.
5. In the Smith table, identify a Z_L = α, a Z_L = 0, two resistive loads and two complex
loads. It assumes the characteristic impedance

Examples of employment of the Smith Charter.

Suppose that it is necessary to determine the input impedance of a lossless line, whose length
is λ / 10 (36º electric) and which is terminated by a load impedance of 21 + j24 Ω, if the
characteristic impedance of the line is 60 Ω. (Parra, 2013, pág. 349)