MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

PROJECT DETAILS

PROJECT NAME: IMPOUNDING RESERVOIR MOKA

SCHEME: ATAL MISSION FOR REJUVENATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION

DEPARTMENT: KARNATAKA URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE BOARD

NAME OF AGENCY: SRI SRINIVASA CONSTRUCTIONS INDIA PVT LTD BALLARI

DESIGN CONSULTANT: PREMIER TECHNICAL CONSULTANT BALLARI

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 1

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

SITE LOCATION
Reservoir located at Shivapura village at distance of 15kms from Ballari district.

LATITUDE: 150 12’ N

LONGITUDE: 770 1’ E

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 2

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

EXISTING RESERVOIR

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 3

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

INTROUDUCTION
Ballari city is situated in the north east part of Karnataka and is the district headquarters
located Moka road at a distance of 15kms from district headquarters Ballari and 305kms from
state capital Bangalore. Population of the city as per 2011 census is 410445 and projected on
2021 is about 521265. Moka @ Shivapura village is located at Latitude of 150 12’N and
longitude of 770 1’E. It has an average elevation of 450 meters. The area of the town is 81.955Sq
Km and No 35 the average rain fall is 630mm, maximum temperature 40-45 degree, min
temperature 20 degree and type of climate is hot climate.

Existing Water Supply Scheme Details:

The main sources of drinking water to the ballari city are,

1) Tungabhadra right bank low level canal flowing @ 14kms on northern side of city, the
water of which is stored in Moka impounding reservoir of capacity 1262ML careers to
about 20% of city area.
2) Tungabhadra right bank high level canal flowing @ 6kms on west side of city, the water
of which is stored in Allipur impounding reservoir of capacity 12633ML careers to
about 80% of city area.

The Tungabhadra right bank low level canal water is stored in impounding reservoir with
a gross storage capacity of 1262ML, situated near Shivapur village. The scheme was
commissioned in1964 with a design capacity of 10.215MLD. Considering 30% losses, the net
available storage quantity is 883MLD in impounding reservoir for canal closure period of 90 to
100days. So at present about 11.32MLD is pumped to the ballari city. From this source about
20% of the city population is covered. The Tungabhadra right bank high level canal water is
stored in impounding reservoir with gross storage capacity of 12633ML, situated near Allipur
village. The scheme was commissioned in 1991 with a design capacity of 40.86MLD in
impounding reservoir for canal closure period of 120 to 140 days. So at present about 45MLD is
pumped to the ballari city, from this source about 80% of the city population is covered.

To avoid the possible shortfall of water during summer days a scheme is designed to
draw water from LLC at Moka up to WTP at Allipur so that the stored water at impounding
reservoir is used for more days. The scheme is under construction by KUIDFC authorities and is
designed for a projected population of 790149 expected in 2041 AD to supply water on 24X7
bases.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 4

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

RESERVOIR

A storage structure for irrigation is formed by an embankment or dam across a natural

water course or river and the water collected on the upper side of this structure. Water
is drawn by means of the sluices in the dam, through the channels which supply water
to the irrigation land.

NECESSITY

Storage reservoirs are very much necessary for the following reasons,

When in an area, the usual rainfall is not enough for the crops; water is stored in
reservoirs and allowed to lands whenever necessary. In some areas, the rainfall may be
confined to certain parts of the year, and even here water will have to be first stored
and then distributed to the lands during the other periods of the year. In places like
Baluchistan and Rajasthan, where the streams flow like torrents fore only a few days in
the year, storage is a necessity to endure the proper water supply to the crops.

REQUIREMENTS OF A STORAGE RESERVOIR

An ideal reservoir should satisfy the following conditions

1. It should have a channel bringing down an ample supply of water.

2. There should be a broad expanse of nearly level ground in front of the
embankment or dam to form the bed of the reservoir, having a slight dip towards the
bund.
3. The land to the rear or the downstream side of the bund should be much greater
extent than the bed and slightly lower in level, in order that every portion of it may be
commanded by the tank and irrigated by the sluice in the embankment, from which one
of two channels take off and lead the water to the fields.
4. Rock or other foundation, impervious to water, should be met at only a small
depth from the surface.
5. Stone, fuel, lime and other materials required for the construction should be
available within a reasonable distance for a masonry dam and good suitable earth, as
well as stones for pitching, for an earthen dam.
6. The soil for the construction of the earthen dam for the reservoir should be of
retentive nature.
7. Valuable garden lands or wells or village sites should not b e submerged under
the reservoir contour.
8. The site selected should give the required storage with the shortest length of the
dam.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 5

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019
9. The site should be favorable to locate the waste weir preferably in a saddle, so as
to pass off all the flood water into natural drainage stream without artificial ones and
protects the embankment.

SELECTION OF SITE FOR RESERVOIR

The final selection of site for a reservoir depends upon the following factors
1. The geological conditions of the Catchment area should be such that perc olation
losses are minimum and maximum runoff is obtained.
2. The reservoir site should be such that quantity of the leakage through it is
minimum, Reservoir site having the presence of the highly permeable rocks reduce the
water tightness of the reservoir.
3. Suitable dam site must exist. The dam should be founded on water tight rocks
base and percolation below the dam should be minimum. The cost of the dam is often a
controlling factor in selection of the site.
4. The reservoir basin should make narrow opening in the valley so that the length
of the dam is less.
5. The cost of the real estate for the reservoir including road, soil, road welling,
etc… must be less as for as possible.
6. The topography of the reservoir site should be such that it has adequate capacity
without submerging excessive properties.
7. The reservoir site should be such that it avoids as excludes water from these
tributaries which carry high percentage of the silt in the water.
8. The reservoir should be such that the water stored in it is suitable fo r the purpose
for which the project is undertaken.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 6

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019
INVESTIGATION FOR RESERVOIR PLANNING

The following investigations are required for reservoir planning

 Engineering survey.
 Geological investigation.
 Hydrological survey.

ENGINEERING SURVEY

The area of the tank site is surveyed in detail and a control point is prepared from
the plan. The following physical characteristics are obtained.
1. Area elevation curve.
2. Storage elevation curve.
3. Map of the area.
4. Suitable site selection for tanks.

GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION

In almost all civil engineering projects geological advise is most essential.

Geological investigation cost very little in the comparison to the total cost of the
project. Geological investigations are required to give detail ed information about the
following items.
1. Water tightness of reservoir basis.
2. Suitability for foundation of the bund.
3. Geological and structural features as floods and faults.
4. Type and depth of the rocks at basin.
5. Location of permeable and soluble rocks if any.

HYDROLOGICAL INVESTIGATION

The hydrological investigations are very important aspects of reservoir

planning. These investigations may be designed in two needs.
1. Study of runoff patterns at the proposal bund site to determine the storage
capacity corresponding to the given demand
2. Determination of the hydrograph of the worst flood at reservoir site to determine
the spillways capacity and design.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 7

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019
STORAGE ZONES OF RESERVOIR

DEAD STORAGE

It is the volume of the space provided for the deposition of the sediments in a
reservoir. It is the level below which water is not stored. It is not of much use in the
operation reservoir.

LIVE STORAGE
The volume of the water stored between dead storage and full tank level is called as
live storage. Live storage assures the supply of water for specified period of time to
meet the demand.
MAXIMUM WATER LEVEL

The maximum level to which the water level rises during high flood is known as a
maximum water level. During floods, the maximum water level run – off will takes
place and water level rises to this level.

FULL TANK LEVEL

It is the maximum elevation to which the reservoir water surface rises during
normal operation condition.

SILL LEVEL OF SLUICE

It is provided at the minimum storage level as dead storage level.

TOP OF THE BUND LEVEL

It is fixed considering the aspects of the free board to prevent overtopping of the
dam.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 8

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

EARTHEN DAM

Earthen dams and earthen embankments are the most ancient type of
embankment as they can be built with the natural materials with a minimum of
processing and with primitive equipment.

EARTHEN DAMS ARE CLASSIFIED AS FOLLOWS

1. Homogeneous embankment type.

2. Zoned embankment type.
3. Diaphragm type.
1. HOMOGENEOUS EMBANKMENT TYPE:
It is the simplest type consisting of a single material and it is homogeneous through out.
Sometimes a blanket of relatively impervious material may be placed on the upstream face. This
type of embankment is used, when only one type of material is economically or locally available.
Such a section is used for low to moderately high dams and levees. Large dams are seldom
designs as homogeneous embankments.
A purely homogenous section poses the problem of seepage and huge sections are
required to make it safe against piping, stability etc. Due to this homogenous section is generally
added with a internal drainage, such as a horizontal drainage filter, rock toe etc. The internal
drainage system keeps the Phreatic lines well within the body of the dam and steeper slopes and
thus smaller sections can be used. The internal drainage is therefore always provided in almost
all types of embankments.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 9

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019
2. ZONE EMBANKMENT TYPE:
Zone embankments are usually provided with the central impervious core, covered by a
comparatively pervious transition zone, which is finally surrounded by a much more pervious
outer zone.
The central core checks the seepage. The transition zone prevents piping through cracks,
which may develop in the core. The outer zone gives the stability to the central impervious fill
and also distributes the load over a larger area of foundations.

SLOPE PROTECTION

TRANSITION FILTER
OF MEDICORE
PERMEABILITY

PERVIOUS
OUTER ZONE

ZONED TYPE EMBANKMENT

These types of embankments are widely constructed and the materials of the zone are
selected depending upon their abilities. Even clay is highly impervious it might shrink and swell
too much. Hence clay is sometimes mixed With fine sand or fine gravel, so as to use it as the
most suitable for the central impervious core. Silts or silty clay may be used as the satisfactory
central core materials, freely draining materials such as core sand and gravel is used in outer
shell. Transition filters are providing between the inner and the outer zone. These types of
transition filters are always provide whenever there is abrupt change of permeability from one
zone to the other.
3. DIAPHRAGM TYPE OF EMBANKMENT:
These Diaphragm type embankments have a thin impervious core which surrounded by
earth or rock fill. The impervious core called diaphragm is made of impervious soils, concrete,
steel, timber or any other material. It acts as a water barriers as a vertical core or to a very
impervious foundation material, if excessive under seepage through the existing pervious
foundation has to be avoided.
The diaphragm types of embankments are different from zoned embankments, depending
upon the thickness of the core, If the thickness of the diaphragm at any elevation is less than 10
meters or less than the height of embankment is considered to be of diaphragm type. But if the
thickness equals or exceeds these limits, it is considered to be of zoned embankment type.
U/S SLOPE PROTECTION

DIAPHRAGM

PERVIOUS FOUNDATION IMPERVIOUS FOUNDATION

OF BED ROCK
DIAPHRAGM TYPE EMBANKMENT
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 10
 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019
METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION OF EARTH DAMS

There are two methods of constructing earthen dams:

1. Hydraulic fill method

2. Rolled fill method
1. HYDRAULIC FILL METHOD:
In this method, the dam body is constructed by excavating and transporting soils by using
water. Piped called flumes are laid across outer edge of the embankment. The soil materials are
mixed with water and pumped into these flumes. The slush is discharged through the outlets in
the flumes at suitable intervals along their lengths. The slush, flowing towards the center of the
bank, tends to settle down. The coarser particles get deposited soon after the discharge near the
outer edge, while the fine get carried and settle at the centre, forming a zoned embankment
having a relatively impervious central zone.
This type of embankment is susceptible to settlement over long periods because of slow
drainage from the core and high pore pressures developed due to saturation in the core materials.
Hence this method is usually not adopted.
2 ROLLED FILL METHOD:
This method is generally and universally adopted in these modern days. The embankment is
constructed by placing suitable soil materials in thin layers
(15 to 30 cms) and compact them with rollers. This moisture content of the soil fill must be
properly controlled. The best compaction can be obtained at moisture content somewhere near
the optimum moisture content. (The optimum moisture content is the moisture content required
for obtaining optimum moisture content is the moisture content required for obtaining optimum
density in the field).

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 11

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

DESIGN CONSIDERATION FOR PROPOSED COMPONENTS

The major components of design under the proposed components of this project are
construction of additional 800ML capacity impounding reservoir @ Moka, construction of RCC
intake duct, intake well, raw water sump, providing and laying 813mm dia MS raw water rising
main from sump to existing and proposed impounding reservoir supply, errection and
commissioning of raw water pumping machineries at Moka Rejuvenation and rehabitation of
existing impounding reservoir at Allipur and Moka raw water rising main from low level canal to
existing and proposed impounding reservoir and supply, errection and commissioning of pure
water pumping machineries at pure water pump house to pump water pump house from high lift
pump house to Gandhi agar booster at Moka head works, population projection already made by
KUIDFC under NKUISP is considered, the work was entrusted to Sri Srinivasa construction
India Pvt Ltd ballari tender cost is 72.16crocres.

THE SCOPE OF THE INVESTIGATION INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING

a) Carrying out of topographical survey of the impounding reservoir site.

b) Carrying out geotechnical investigation at identified locations.
c) Conducting necessary laboratory tests on soil samples.
d) Carrying out stability analysis of the embankment at critical section.

TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY: A detailed survey with total station was carried out from 26-
11-2016 to 30-11-2016. The canal bed level is considered as bench mark for arriving the levels
in IR. The boundaries of IR were fixed by Govt surveyor. The total area survived 65.00 acres.
The reservoir 50acres is marked in the surveyed area.

FIELD INVESTIGATION: The field investigation consists of drilling 150mm diameter

boreholes at 15 different locations using rotary drilling rig shown by the client’s representatives
conducting standard penetration tests and collecting disturbed and undisturbed soil samples and
rock cores. In the bore holes standard penetration tests were conducted at regular intervals as per
IS 2131-1981. Samples in the split spoon maker were collected for laboratory testing.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 12

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

CAUSES FOR SLOPE FAILURE

1) The Steady Seepage Condition (for D/S slope)

For zoned and homogeneous types of embankment dams and when the reservoir
is full of water and some steady seepage into the embankments’ is established, the
conditions to be considered for the steady state seepage analysis.

Steady state seepage pore pressures which are fully developed as a result of the
reservoir have being storing water over a long period of time. In this case there is a
phreatic surface line under steady seepage state.

2) The Rapid Drawdown Condition in the reservoir (for U/S slope)

Fluctuations in reservoir water level may cause the upstream face stability to
become critical mainly due to the removal of the supporting water. When the reservoir is
rapidly evacuated and draws down, pore water pressures in the dam body are reduced in
two ways. There is a slower dissipation of pore pressure due to drainage and there is an
immediate elastic effect due to the removal of the total or partial water load. The exact
mechanism of this phenomenon is as follows: it is assumed that the reservoir has been
maintained at a high level for a sufficiently long time so that the fill material of the dam
is fully saturated and steady seepage established. If the reservoir is drawn down at this
stage, the direction of flow is reversed, causing instability in the upstream slope of the
earth dam. The “instantaneous” drawdown is a hypothetical condition that is assumed and
pore pressures along the sliding surface are determined by drawing the “instantaneous”
flow net. The most critical condition of sudden drawdown means that while the water
pressure acting on the upstream slope at “full reservoir” condition is removed, there is no
appreciable change in the water content of the saturated soil within the embackement.
The saturated weight of the slope produces the shearing stresses while the shearing
resistance is decreased considerably because of the development of the pore water
pressures which do not dissipate rapid.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 13

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

HEIGHT OF THE EMBANKMENT

The height of the reservoir has been based on the detailed survey conducted. A number of cross
sections have been taken, showing bed profile of the earth reservoir.

Based on the above parameters, reservoir capacity has been worked out it. It is seen that at EL:
416.50m, the impounding reservoir would give the required storage of 841.90ML which is
slightly more than 800ML and can be retained.

The various levels proposed for the reservoir are as below:

Highest bed level : 413.85m
Lowest bed level : 407.03m
Full reservoir level : 416.50m
Free board : 1.50m
Top of bund : 418.00m

The maximum height of the dam works out to 10.97m. The height varies depending on the
ground level and shorter height will be on southern side. A free board of 1.50m above F R L is
considered while fixing the top of the dam. The length of the bund is 2190m.

Provisions made in the proposal

The detailed provisions made in the proposal as per design are as under:
1. Zonal section has been proposed with inner core. The top width of hearting is 2m with 1:1
side slope. The outer slope varies depending upon the height up to 8.30m and U/S slope
is 2.5:1 from chainage 0 to 210, 1500 to 2190 and U/S slope is 2.5:1 from chainage 240
to 1470 berm heights up to 9.0m and D/S slope is 2:1. From chainage 0 to 210, 1500 to
2190 and D/S slope is berm slope 3:1 from chainage 240to 1470.
2. Key trench has been proposed. The bottom width proposed is 2.5m with side slope of
0.5:1. The trench depth is taken as h/3.
Twenty four bores have been drilled. The hard strata is noticed at 6m depth
1) Earthwork excavation for stripping to depth of 2.0m, all along the alignment of the
zonal embankment of the impounding reservoir.
2) Earth work excavation in all kinds of soil and in soft rock to the designed side slopes,
for below ground level water storage reservoir to a maximum depth of 2m key trench
to a depth of h/3 m all along the alignment of zonal embankment. The maximum
water storage depth is 10.50m. the excavated BC soil, to the possible extent is
proposed for re use for key trench and hearting embankment.
3. Impermeable layer is provided in the key trench to a depth of h/3 m with side slopes 1:0.5,
and in hearting core in the zonal embankment to the designed section, as per
specification, from the hearting material obtained from the borrow area.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 14

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019
4. Inclined filters drains and horizontal filter drains as per specification are provided in the
outer slope of hearting core.
5. Casing is provided as per specification around the hearting core as per designed section
from the casing material obtained from the borrow area, which is at a distance of 10kms
from the work spot. The borrow area is identified by the agency and laboratory test
results are satisfactory for the casing materials. The required quantity is available in the
barrow area.
6. Rock toe as per specification is provided all along the outer slope of casing with filter
media behind and below the rock toe.
7. Toe drain all along the bund is provided as per specification.

According to IS 12169-1987 the top width of the bund or dam at the crest should be fixed
according to the working space required at the top. The top width of the bund is
considered as 3.00m

Side slopes of bund (casing):

(Ref: Pg No 15, clause 5.1.2.3, Table 1 IS: 12169-1987 & MI Norm)
U/S slope = 2.5:1 & Berm is 3:1
D/S slope = 2:1 & Berm is 3:1

HEARTING (CORE):

Top level of hearting should be fixed at 1m above MWL according to MI Norms and IS
12169-1987. However MWL is not considered because the water to be stored is pumped
and impounded, there is no overtopping of waves. Therefore top level of hearting =
417.00m. Side slope of hearting: U/s slope = 1:1 and D/s slope = 1:1 (Ref: Table No.1, IS
12169-1987 & MI Norms)

STABILITY ANALYSIS:

The bund is designed by slip circle analysis. This is checked for earthquake conditions by
considering zone 2 with importance factor of 3. Seismic coefficient is arrived as per the
procedure given in IS 1893-2002. The basic coefficient is 0.016 with importance factor of
3 it becomes 0.048 say 0.05 in the horizontal direction. This value is considered i.e. 0.025
in the vertical direction.

Tests have been conducted borrow area material for casing & hearting for foundation soil
tests have also been carried out.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 15

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019
Casing from borrow area Hearting from borrow area
Lead 10 km 6 km

The dependable value has been considered in the design.

The values considered in the design are as under:

Casing C = 1.22 t/m2 & ᴓ =260

Hearting C = 3.264 t/m2 & ᴓ =100

Factor of safety attained is

U/s draw down = 1.412 limit = 1.30

U/s steady seepage = 2.363 1.90 1.50 1.00

Normal with EQ Normal with EQ

D/s steady seepage 1.561 1.328 1.50 1.00

From the above table it is seen that the sections are safe for all conditions of loadings.

KEY TRENCH

a) The bottom width of the key trench may be fixed taking following factors into
consideration provide sufficient working space for compaction equipments,
Provide safety against piping.
b) Depth of grip trench is taken as h/3
a) Bottom width of grip trench = 2.50m (since grip trench bottom width should not be
less 2.50m
b) Considering soil at

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 16

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

RESERVOIR PLAN

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 17

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 18

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

INTAKE/SOURCE

TUNGABHADRA RIGHT BANK LOW LEVEL CANAL

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 19

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

EARTHEN BUND DETAILS

Capacity of the reservoir = 841.90ML (million liters)

Bund length = 2190.89 m
Top bund level = 418.00 m
Maximum water level = 416.80 m
Lowest bed level = 407.41 m
Gross area = 60.18 acres or 243530 Sqm
Perimeter = 2322.56 m
Area @ MWL = 42.96acres or 17381 Sqm
Perimeter = 2146.67 m
Clear area = 34.09acres or 137967 Sqm
Perimeter = 2003.61 m
Top width of bund = 3.00 m
U/S Slope = 2.5:1
D/S Slope = 2:1

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 20

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF EARTHEN BUND

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 21

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

CROSS SECTIONS OF EARTHEN BUND

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 22

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

EARTHEN BUND CONSTRUCTION PHOTOS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 23

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

PRELIMINARY SOIL TESTS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 24

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

EARTHEB BUND SOIL TESTS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 25

 MOKA RESERVOIR PROJECT REPORT 2019

WATER RISING MAIN FROM SUMP TO EXISTING AND PROPOSED

IMPOUNDING RESERVOIR SUPPLY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RYMEC BALLARI Page 26