5/23/2019 Piping Stress Analysis: Code Standard

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Piping Stress Analysis

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PIPING STRESS
ANALYSIS
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Code ASME B31.1 for Piping Stress Analysis
Piping stress analysis can use code ASME B31.1 as reference calculation
About This Blog and design. Code ASME B31.1 for power piping analysis is belonging to the
American society of mechanical engineers. In code ASME B31.1 there are
empirical formulas that apply to the sustain load, expansion load, and the
Blog Archive combination of sustain and expansion load (during operations), and also
▼ 2011 (38) occasional load are described as the following below:
▼ August (5)
Design Dead Load in Sustain load
Buried Pipe
Design Live Load in
The stresses (S) that occur due to sustain the load such as
Buried Pipe
pressure, weight and other mechanical loads can be expressed by
Multiphase Flow the equation as follows:
Flow in Pipe Concept
Pipeline System in
Offshore Platform
(P Do / 4 tn) + 1000(0.75 i Ma / Z) ≤ 1.0
► July (24) Sh
► June (9)
Range Thermal Expansion Load
Labels
Buried Pipe Design (2) The stresses that occur due to thermal expansion can be expressed
Code Standard (4) as the equation below:
Flexibility Analysis (2)
Flow in Pipe (1)
History of Piping System (1) SE = 1000(i Mc / Z) ≤ SA + f(Sh – SL)
Load on Piping System (5)
Material pipe (4) Combination Load of Sustain load and Thermal Expansion Load
Pipe Flow (1)
Pipe Manufacturing (1)
Pipe Size (2) The stresses due to combination of sustained load and thermal
Piping in Offshore Platform expansion load (Sls + SE), can be calculated with the equation:
(1)
Piping System Basic (1)
Stress on Piping System (16)
Sls + SE = (P Do / 4 tn) + 1000(0.75 i Ma
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/ Z) + 1000(i Mc / Z) ≤ (Sh + Sa)
Occasional Load

The stresses that occur due to pressure, weight, and other sustain
load can be expressed as the equation below:

(P Do / 4 tn) + 1000(0.75 i Ma / Z) +
1000(i Mc / Z) ≤ K Sh

Where:

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5/23/2019 Piping Stress Analysis: Code Standard
P = internal design pressure (psi)
Do = outside diameter (in)
Ma = Moment due to sustain load (in-lbs)
Mb = Moment due to occasional load (in-lbs)
Mc = Range of the moment due to thermal expansion (in-lbs)
Z = section modulus of the pipe (in3)
tn = nominal wall thickness of pipe (in)
i = stress intensification factor

K equal to 1.15 for the occasional load which work less than 1% of the
operating period and is equal to 1.20 for the occasional load which work
less than 10% of the operating period.

Labels: Code Standard , Stress on Piping System

Allowable Stress Based on ASME B31.3

Allowable stress of material which is used is an important parameter in the
stress analysis of piping system. Working stress in the piping system
should not exceed allowable stress of that material based on code and
standard. In the piping system, stress ratio is generally used. Stress ratio is
comparison between actual working pressure in the piping system and
allowable stress based on code and standard.

Allowable stress has different value in each code. For code ASME 31.3, the
pipe material can be expressed in safe condition when the stresses which
are experienced by the material meet the following criteria:

1. Sustain Load
The resultant of longitudinal stress (SL) in each component of piping
system due to sustain load such as internal load and weight of pipe
load, should not exceed the value of multiplication between Sh and
W. Sh is allowable stress of pipe material at maximum temperature of
operating condition. W is reduction factor of welding joint in the
manufacturing process of pipe. W has value equal with 1.0 if
longitudinal connection type is used in the manufacturing process of
pipe.

Displacement stress range (SE) in piping system should not exceed

allowable displacement stress range (SA) which can be calculated as
follow:

SA = f(1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh)

Where:
F = stress range factor
Sc = allowable stress of pipe on minimum working
temperature.
Sh = allowable stress of pipe on maximum working
temperature

2. Occasional Load
The resultant of longitudinal stress due to sustained load and all of
loads which are caused by occasional load such as wind load and
seismic load, should not exceed the value of 1.33 is multiplied with
allowable stress of pipe on maximum working temperature (Sh). For
casting material, the Sh value must be multiplied by factor quality
casting (Ec). Loading due to wind and seismic are not generally occur
simultaneously, so in the pipe stress analysis, the calculation is
performed only to one of that loads in accordance with
environmental condition.

3. Thermal Expansion Load

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5/23/2019 Piping Stress Analysis: Code Standard

The stress that occurs due to thermal expansion load is stress range
from the resultant of bending stress and torsional stress due to
thermal expansion. Range expansion stress should not exceed
allowable stress SA according to the following equation:

SE = √(Sb2 + St2) ≤ f(1.25 Sc + 0.25Sh)

The value of Sb and St are bending stress and torsional stress
respectively.

Labels: Code Standard , Stress on Piping System

Flexibility Analysis Based on ASME B31.3

Based on code ASME B31.3, flexibility analysis in the piping system needs
formal analysis or does not need formal analysis. Piping system can be
does not need formal analysis it meet the following requirement:
Piping system is a duplicate of an existing piping system, which
is in operation showed a satisfactory performance.

Piping system can be judged easily that has sufficient flexibility

when compared with the flexibility of existing piping system
which had been analyzed before.

Piping system with uniform size, which is supported by only two

support without any restraint point between them and meet the
empirical equation as following below:

(Dy / (L-U)2) ≤ K1
Where:
K1 = 208000 SA/Ea (mm/m)2
U = anchor distance, straight line between anchor, m
L = developed length of pipe between anchor, m
Y = resultant of total displacement strain to be absorbed by piping
system, mm
D = outside diameter of pipe, mm
Ea = reference modulus of elasticity at 201 C (700 F), Mpa
SA = allowable displacement stress range, Mpa

While a piping system can be said require for analysis of flexibility when
meeting the following requirements:
Piping system that does not meet of the three requirements
above must be analyzed by one of methods analysis of the
following: simple analysis method, approximate analysis method
or comprehensive analysis method.

Comprehensive analyses that are acceptable include analysis

method and method that use charts which can calculate force,
moment and stress which is caused by the displacement strain.

The factors of stress intensity in piping component except

straight pipe must be taken into calculation in comprehensive
analysis method.

In the flexibility analysis, all of piping components between two

anchor points must be analyzed as a complete system.

Labels: Code Standard , Flexibility Analysis

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5/23/2019 Piping Stress Analysis: Code Standard

Code Standard for Design Piping System

Piping system must pay attention to the good of plan qualification both in
technical term and economical terms. Qualification plan of piping system
in term of mechanical can be found by doing some analysis, such as
determination of pipe wall thickness, hydraulic analysis, pipe stress
analysis, and analysis flexible pipe. While in terms of economical, plan of
qualification piping system depends on the financial policy of the company
or industry but keeping in terms of eligibility based on the mechanics that
have been set in the Code Standards. This condition is to ensure the
security and use current piping system plan which is operated safely for
the environment.

Planning piping system can use rules code and standard. Code and
standard that are applicable in the planning piping system, namely:

a. ASME B31.9 Building Services Piping

b. ASME B31.8 Gas Transmission & Distribution Piping
c. ASME B31.7 Nuclear Power Piping
d. ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping
e.ASME B31.4 Liquid-petroleum transportation piping system
f. ASME B31.3 Process Piping on Petroleum Refineries, Chemical,
Pharmaceutical, Textile, Papper, Semiconductor, and Crycogenic Plant.
g. ASME B31.2 Fuel Gas Piping
h. ASME B31.1 Power Piping
i. API 5L Spesification of Line Pipe Material
j. API 576 Pipeline Coating
k. DnV 1981 Rules For Submarine Pipe Systems
l. DnV RP F105 Free Spanning Pipelines
m. DnV RP E305 On Bottom Stability Design Of Submarine Pipeline
n. ANSI B16.5 Pipe Flange and Flange Fitting

Labels: Code Standard

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