The Islamic University of Gaza

Electrical Engineering Department

Electric Circuit II LAB

EELE 2111

Lab. (4): (Transformer Lab)

Prepared by:
Amal Asaad Asaad 220170449
Sanabel Nasser AL-Haddad 220170536
Tasnim Diab AL-Tater 220171452

Submitted for:
Eng. Haya Ashraf Swedan

Gaza, Palestine
May 9, 2019
OBJECTIVES
1. To determine the transformer turns ratio

2. To perform the no-load and short circuit tests

3. To calculate the transformer’s equivalent circuit

INFORMATION
A single-phase transformer will be investigated in this lab. It is a step-down
transformer

EQUIPMENT
1. Single-phase transformer
2. Variable AC source (Function generator)
3. Two Digital multimeters
4. Resistor
THEORY
The windings of a standard single-phase transformer are called the primary winding
and the secondary winding as shown in Fig.1. The primary winding is the power input
winding which is connected to the ac power source. The secondary winding is
connected to the load and is physically and electrically isolated from the primary
winding.
Normally, transformers are designed to have fixed ratios between the primary and
secondary windings. Transformers are widely used to step-up or step-down the
voltages and currents; however a transformer can also be used as a mean of electrical
isolation. The single-phase transformer that you will be using in this lab experiment
has several taps both on the primary side and the secondary side. This makes the
transformer versatile in terms of turns ratio and hence in output voltages and
currents.

Ideal Transformer

A transformer is a device used to change voltages and currents of AC electric power.

In the

simplest version it consists of two windings wrapped around a magnetic core;

windings are not electrically connected, but they are coupled by the magnetic field, as
it shown in Figure 4.1. When one winding is connected to the AC electric power, the
electric current is generated. This winding is called the primary winding. The primary
current produces the magnetic field and the magnetic flux links the second winding,
called the secondary winding. The AC flux through the secondary winding produces
an AC voltage, so that if some impedance is connected to the terminals, an AC
electric current is supplied.
Figure 4.2 shows the schematic symbols of a transformer.

The simplest model of the transformer is called the ideal transformer and it neglects
any power losses and leakage magnetic fluxes. Assuming that the primary winding
has Np turns of wire, and the secondary winding has Ns turns, the relationship
between the primary voltage and the secondary voltage is
PRACTICAL PART

Determining Equivalent Circuit

Experimental determination of all elements in the transformer equivalent circuit
involves three tests:

• measurement of the primary and secondary resistance

• open-circuit test
• short circuit teat

1. Measurement of the Primary Resistance

 A 1v power supply should be connected across the primary terminals and

measure the current that flows through it then the impedance should be
recorded.
 Result
IP Zp
(1 VDC )
155.6 mA 6.4 KΩ

2. Measurement of the Secondary Resistance

 A 1v power supply should be connected across the secondary terminals and

measure the current that flows through it then the impedance should be
recorded.
 Result
 IP Zp
(1 VDC )
54.3 mA 18.4 KΩ

3. Open-Circuit Test

The transformer’s secondary should be open-circuited and primary winding supplied

with a full rated voltage (Figure 4.5). The Secondary voltage (Voc )is measured, and
determine the ratio of turns.

Procedure:

1. Connect Function generator to primary terminal

2. Set the Function generator frequency (1 kHz)
3. Vary the amplitude of the voltage
4. Measure the voltage across opening terminals and determine the ratio for each
time varying the amplitude
Results

VSecondary
VPrimary
Rms a= Vp/VS
Peak (v)
(v)
(v)

1 2.2 3.11 0.3

 2 4.8 6.7 0.29

3 6.9 9.75 0.307

4 9.2 13.01 0.307

5 11.2 15.6 0.307

4. Short-Circuit Test

The transformer’s secondary terminals are short-circuited and the primary voltage is
supplied with the voltage, much reduced comparing with the rated value (Figure 4.6).
In practical situation, this voltage is adjusted so that the primary current is
approximately rated, and the primary current (Ip), seconadry current (Isc) are
measured.

Procedure:

1. Connect Function generator to primary terminal

2. Set the Function generator frequency (1 kHz)
3. Vary the amplitude of the voltage so that getting a variable current amplitude
4. Measure the current flowing in secondary transformer (which is shorted) and
determine the ratio for each time varying the amplitude
Results

Ip (mA) Is (mA) a= Ip/Is

 10 3.2 0.31

20 6.4 0.32

30 9.6 0.32

40 12.8 0.32

50 15.8 0.316

5.With load

Procedure:

1. Connect function generator across primary transformer’s terminals and

set the frequency at 1 kHz and connect 1kΩ resistor across secondary
transformer’s terminals
2. Vary the amplitude of the input and measure the current, voltage and
the impedance of each primary and secondary transformer
3. Plot the curve between the two impedance and calculate the slope of
the curve

Results

V1 V2 I1 I2 Z1 Z2 a