UTILIZATON OF WASTE CRUSHED TYPE III (SODA LIME GLASS) AS ADDITIVE

IN ASPHALT MIXTURE

A Thesis

Presented to the Faculty

of School of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department

Marinduque State College

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements

for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

MARK JOVIL L. ABRENCILLO

WENDY P. MOLBOG

AUBREY MARIA LOUISE S. SADIAN

SHIELA MAE S. SERDEÑA

2019
 DEDICATION

We dedicate this humble and simple piece of work to our family and friends. A special

feeling of gratitude is expressed to our beloved parents, who morally and financially supported

us throughout this study.

We also dedicate this to our friends, siblings and relatives who have supported us

throughout the process. For their words of encouragement and push for tenacity which ring on

our ears.

A special feeling of gratitude is also expressed to the Buenagua family who gave us

temporary home to stay during the testing period of our samples.

We wish to express our sincere appreciation and thanks to all the teachers and fellow

classmates who had directly and indirectly helped us throughout this study.

And lastly, we dedicate this book to the Almighty God, thank You for the guidance,

strength, power of mind, protection and skills and for giving us a healthy life. All of these, we

offer to You.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The presentation of the study was a challenging task and without the person who

heartedly helped us by sharing and contributing their ideas, criticism, encouragement, time and

effort, this study would have not been successful. We would like to take this opportunity to

express our deepest gratitude to the following:

To Engr.Melito L. Hirondo, our thesis writing professor, for being very understanding and

for giving his full effort in sharing his knowledge in this study.

To our dearest adviser, Engr. Robert N. Lamonte for sharing his knowledge valuable

criticisms and giving his time and effort to improve our research study;

To our co-researchers, Roderick, Jolina, Ryan, and Kimberly for being our ultimate

partners in gathering the data and brainstorming all throughout the study;

To all the persons whose names were not mentioned, who unselfishly shared their help to

make this study possible;

We would also likewise extend our gratitude to our beloved parents, brothers, sisters,

who are always there to support us, morally, financially and spiritually that makes the researchers

stronger; and

Finally, to the Almighty God, for giving us enough strength, knowledge and

determination to finish to study.

The Researchers
 ABSTRACT

Glass holds some of the most remarkable characteristics as a raw material. Once turned

into bottles, they are largely used as containers in packaging industry. With continuously

increasing consumption, a considerable amount of waste glasses is generated annually. The most

suitable way to deal with this waste glasses is to recycle and reuse them as raw materials or as

modifiers. Asphalt modification can be done from binder production to asphalt pavement

production and made by using different modifiers, with glass considered as a promising modifier

to asphalt. Since glass is readily available in the province, the researchers introduced an asphalt

pavement modified with waste crushed glass.

The results showed that waste crushed glass could be utilized as an additive in asphalt

pavement. Glass modified asphalt pavement could withstand various loadings since it passed the

Marshall Stability test having 8.72 kN and 3.5 mm as the maximum load carried and flow value,

respectively. With increased addition of glass, air voids of the glass modified asphalt increased

which could contribute for the thermal expansion of the asphalt under hot temperatures. It is

possible to design glass-asphalt mixtures which meet the Marshall Design criteria. The use of

waste crushed glass in flexible pavement is desirable and performs satisfactorily the same as

conventional flexible pavement.

Keywords: hot-mix asphalt concrete, Marshall design, soda lime glass

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARIES PAGE

Title Page............................................................................................................................ i

Acknowledgement .............................................................................................................ii

Dedication...........................................................................................................................iii

Abstract...............................................................................................................................iv

Table of Contents................................................................................................................v

List of Tables.......................................................................................................................vi

List of Figures.....................................................................................................................vii

CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction ........................................................................................................................1
.............................................................................................................................................

Background of the Study....................................................................................................4

Statement of the Problem....................................................................................................5

Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................5

Scope and Limitation/Delimitation of the Study................................................................6

Conceptual Framework.......................................................................................................6

Definition of Terms.............................................................................................................8

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete .................................................................................................9

Considerations in Mix Design............................................................................................10

Marshall Method of Mix Design.........................................................................................13

Glass....................................................................................................................................16

Soda Lime Glass ................................................................................................................16

 Related Studies....................................................................................................................17

Waste Management of Glass (Bottles) ...............................................................................21

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Research Design..................................................................................................................23

Research Sample.................................................................................................................23

Data Gathering Procedures.................................................................................................24

CHAPTER IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Statistical Treatment of Data...............................................................................................33

Analysis of Experimental Data...........................................................................................33

Interpretation of Experimental Data...................................................................................34

CHAPTER V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary.............................................................................................................................41

Conclusion..........................................................................................................................43

Recommendations...............................................................................................................44

BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................................................45

APPENDICES.........................................................................................................................47

TABLE OF RESULT..............................................................................................................57

CURRICULUM VITAE.........................................................................................................65
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

1 Marshall Design Criteria 47
2 Minimum Percent Voids in the Mineral 47

Aggregates
3 Grading D 48
4 Stability Test 34
5 Flow Test 36
6 Air Void Test 37
7 Marshall Stability Test Results 48
8 Average Marshall Test Results 49
9 ANOVA Test Results for Stability Test 50
10 ANOVA Test Results for Flow test 51
11 ANOVA Test Results for Air Voids test 52

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

1 Conceptual Paradigm 7
2 Adjusted Stability of asphalt mixture at different 35

percentage of crushed glass

3 Flow of asphalt mixture at different percentage of 36

crushed glass
4 Air voids of asphalt mixture at different percentage 38

of crushed glass
5 VFA of asphalt mixture at different percentage of 39

crushed glass
6 Gmb of asphalt mixture at different percentage of 40

crushed glass
7 Crushed Type III (Soda Lime Glass) 53
8 Samples 53
9 Specimen cylindrical mold 53
10 Specimen extractor 53
11 Compaction hammer 53
12 Heated aggregates from the oven 53
13 Adding of bitumen on the heated aggregates 54
14 Mixing the bitumen and the heated aggregates 54
15 Placing the mix into the mold 54
16 Compacting the specimen 54
17 Extracting the sample from the mold 54
18 Specimens heated on a water bath 54
19 Specimens removed from the water bath 55
20 Specimen placed in lower segment of the breaking 55

head
21 Specimen completely assembled and is position on 55

the testing machine

22 Flow meter is placed over one of the post 55
23 Obtaining the mass of dry compacted sample 55
24 Soaking the sample in water for 3-5 minutes 55
25 Determining the saturated surface dry mass 56
26 Loosed sample 56
27 Obtaining the weight of the sample and the metal 56

bowl together