NEW WS501 INSTALATION, CONFIGURATION AND MANAGEMENT OF

WINDOWS SERVER

Learning Unit 1. PREPARE TO INSTALL A SERVER

Current and common used Windows Servers
1. Overview
A server is a computer program that provides a service to another computer programs (and its
user). In a data center, the physical computer that a server program runs in is also frequently
referred to as a server. That machine may be a dedicated server or it may be used for other
purposes as well.
Windows Server is a group of operating systems designed by Microsoft that supports enterprise-
level management, data storage, applications, and communications. Previous versions of
Windows Server have focused on stability, security, networking, and various improvements to
the file system.
Server Core is a minimal server installation option for the Windows Server 2008 R2 operating
system. Server Core provides a low-maintenance environment capable of providing core server
roles. Server Core is designed to provide an environment that reduces .A core is part of a CPU
that receives instructions and performs calculations, or actions, based on those instructions.
Server Core is a minimal installation option introduced in Windows Server 2008 as a way to
run Windows Server with a limited set of features and with support for only certain server roles
2. Windows Server Editions

 The Standard edition is designed for small-to-medium-sized organizations. It allows

you to run two instances of the server software in a virtual operating system on the
licensed server. If you need to run additional virtual instances, you can acquire licenses
that are more standard.
 The Essentials edition is designed for small organizations with up to 25 users and 50
devices. It allows only one instance of the server software to be run in the physical

3. Windows Server Roles services

A role is a primary duty that a server performs.
 Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) : Active Directory Domain Services (AD
DS) is a server role in Active Directory that allows admins to manage and store
information about resources from a network, as well as application data, in a distributed
database. AD DS can also help admins manage a network's elements (computers and end
users) and reorder them into a custom hierarchy.
 Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS) : s a light-weight
implementation of AD DS. ... It provides a Data Store for storage of directory data and a
Directory Service with an LDAP Directory Service Interface.

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 DHCP Server : A DHCP Server is a network server that automatically provides and
assigns IP addresses, default gateways and other network parameters to client devices. It
relies on the standard protocol known as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or DHCP
to respond to broadcast queries by clients.
 DNS Server : A DNS server is a computer server that contains a database of public IP
addresses and their associated hostnames, and in most cases serves to resolve, or
translate, those names to IP addresses as requested. DNS servers run special software and
communicate with each other using special protocols.
 File Services: file server is a computer responsible for the central storage and
management of data files so that other computers on the same network can access the
files.
 Hyper-V : Hypervisor technology is software on which multiple virtual machines can
run, with the hypervisor layer controlling the hardware and allocating resources to each
VM operating system. Hyper-V is the virtualization platform that is included in Windows
Server
 Print Services: is a server role in Windows Server 2008 R2 that enables you to share
printers and scanners on a network, set up print servers and scan servers, and centralize
network printer and scanner management tasks.
 Streaming Media Services: is transmitted by a server application and received and
displayed in real-time by a client application called a media player.
 Web Server Internet Information Server (IIS): is an extensible web server created by
Microsoft for use with the Windows NT family. IIS supports HTTP, HTTP/2, HTTPS,
FTP, FTPS, SMTP and NNTP.
 Active Directory Certificate Services: is an Active Directory tool that lets administrators
customize services in order to issue and manage public key certificates. ... Network
Device Enrollment Service - lets network devices without domain accounts retrieve
certificates.
 Windows Server Update Server (WSUS): is a free add-on application offered by
Microsoft that can download and manage updates and patches for Windows Server
operating systems. It is the successor of the previous Software Update Services (SUS)
program.
 Active Directory Rights Management Server: is a Microsoft Windows security tool that
provides persistent data protection by enforcing data access policies. The server
component is made up of multiple web services that run on a Microsoft server.
 Routing and Remote Access Server, including the following sub-roles

 Remote Desktop Services Connection Broker: A remote desktop connection broker is

software that allows clients to access various types of server-hosted desktops and
applications.
 Licensing: A Windows Server client access license (CAL) is a license that allows
customers to access Windows Server. CALs are used in conjunction with Microsoft
Windows Server OS licenses to allow Users and/or Devices to access and utilize the
services of that server OS.

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 Virtualization: means to create a virtual version of a device or resource, such as a server,
storage device, network or even an operating system where the framework divides the
resource into one or more execution environments.
4. Windows Server Features
A feature is something that helps a server perform its primary duty (Windows Backup,
network load balancing).
Microsoft Windows Features on Demand is a feature that allows system administrators to
add or remove roles and features in Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, and later
versions of the client and server operating system to alter the file size of those operating
systems.

 Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 : NET is a programming framework created by Microsoft

that developers can use to create applications more easily. ... So nobody besides
developers would need a package like .NET, which provides applications with an orderly
way to access databases, web services, and other communication tools
 Windows PowerShell: Windows PowerShell is a Windows command-line shell designed
especially for system administrators. Windows PowerShell includes an interactive prompt
and a scripting environment that can be used independently or in combination.
 Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) : is a component of Microsoft Windows
XP and later iterations of the operating systems, which facilitates asynchronous,
prioritized, and throttled transfer of files between machines using idle network
bandwidth.
 BitLocker Drive Encryption
 BitLocker Network Unlock
 BranchCache
 Data Center Bridging
 Enhanced Storage
 Failover Clustering
 Multipath I/O
 Network Load Balancing
 Peer Name Resolution Protocol
 Quality Windows Audio Video Experience
 Remote Differential Compression
 Simple TCP/IP Services
 RPC over HTTP Proxy
 SMTP Server
 SNMP Service
 Telnet client
 Telnet server
 TFTP client
 Windows Internal Database
 Windows PowerShell Web Access
 Windows Process Activation Service
 Windows Standards-based Storage Management
 WinRM IIS extension
 WINS server

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  WoW64 support

5. Methods of removing feature files

Two methods are available for removing feature files from Windows Server in a Features on
Demand configuration.

 The remove parameter of the Uninstall-WindowsFeature cmdlet lets you delete feature
files from a server or offline virtual hard disk (VHD) that is running Windows Server
2012 R2 or Windows Server 2012 . Valid values for the remove parameter are the names
of roles, role services, and features.
 Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) commands let you create custom
WIM files that conserve disk space by omitting feature files that are either not needed, or
can be obtained from other, remote sources.

6. Remove feature files by using Uninstall-WindowsFeature

You can use the Uninstall-Windows Feature cmdlet both to uninstall roles, role services, and
features from servers and offline VHDs that are running Windows Server 2012 R2 or Windows
Server 2012 , and to delete feature files. You can both uninstall and delete the same roles, role
services, and features in the same command if desired.

Important

When you delete feature files for a role, role service, or feature, roles, role services, and features
that depend upon the files you are removing are also deleted. If you are deleting feature files for
a role service or sub feature, and no other role services or sub features for the parent role or
feature remain installed, then files for the entire parent role or feature are deleted. To view all
feature files that would be deleted by the Uninstall-WindowsFeature -remove command, add the
whatif parameter to the command to run it and view results without actually deleting feature
files.
To remove role and feature files by using Uninstall-WindowsFeature

1. Do one of the following to open a Windows PowerShell session with elevated user rights.

Note

if you are uninstalling roles and features from a remote server, you do not need to run
Windows PowerShell with elevated user rights.

o On the Windows desktop, right-click Windows PowerShell on the taskbar, and

then click Run as Administrator.
o On the Windows start screen, right-click the Windows PowerShell tile, and then
on the app bar, click Run as Administrator.

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 o On a server that is running the Server Core installation option, type PowerShell
into a command prompt, and then press Enter.
2. Type the following, and then press Enter.
Uninstall-WindowsFeature -Name <feature_name> -computerName <computer_name> -remove

Example: Remote Desktop Licensing is the last remaining role service of Remote Desktop
Services that is installed. The command uninstalls Remote Desktop Licensing, and then deletes
feature files for the entire Remote Desktop Services role from the specified server, contoso_1.
Uninstall-WindowsFeature -Name rdS-Licensing -computerName contoso_1 -remove

Example: In the following example, the command removes active directory Domain Services
and Group Policy Management from an offline VHD. The role and feature are first uninstalled,
then their feature files removed entirely from the offline VHD, Contoso.vhd.

Note

You must add the computerName parameter if you are running the cmdlet from a computer that
is running Windows 8.1 or Windows 8.

if you enter the name of a VHD file from a network share, that share must grant Read and Write
permissions to the computer account of the server that you selected to mount the VHD. User-
only account access is not sufficient. The share can grant Read and Write permissions to the
everyone group to allow access to the VHD, but for security reasons, this is not recommended.
Uninstall-WindowsFeature -Name AD-Domain-Services,GPMC -VHD
C:\WS2012VHDs\Contoso.vhd -computerName ContosoDC1

What is RAID Windows Server?

RAID is a technology that is used to increase the performance and/or reliability of data storage.
The abbreviation stands for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks. A RAID system consists of
two or more drives working in parallel.

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks, originally Redundant Array of Inexpensive

Disks) is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive
components into one or more logical units for the purposes of data redundancy, performance
improvement, or both.

Learning Outcome 1.3: Analyze data migration requirement

Data migration requirements

Data migration is the process of transporting data between computers, storage devices or
formats. It is a key consideration for any system implementation, upgrade or consolidation.

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1.3.1 Operating system

A server operating system, also called a server OS, is an operating system specifically designed
to run on servers, which are specialized computers that operate within a client/server architecture
to serve the requests of client computers on the network.

Some common examples of server OSs include:

 Red Hat Enterprise Linux

 Windows Server
 Mac OS X Server

Some of the key features of a server operating system include:

 Ability to access the server both in GUI and command-level interface

 Execute all or most processes from OS commands
 Advanced-level hardware, software and network configuration services
 Install/deploy business applications and/or web applications
 Provides central interface to manage users, implement security and other administrative
processes
 Manages and monitors client computers and/or operating systems
Operating system Your existing physical or virtual target server can have any of the
following Windows operating system editions.

 Windows Server 2008 or 2008 R2 Datacenter, Enterprise (i386, x64), Standard (i386,
x64), Essential Business Server, Web Server, Foundation Server, Small Business Server,
or Storage Server Edition

 Windows Server 2003 or 2003 R2 Datacenter, Enterprise (i386, x64), Standard (i386,
x64), Web Server, Small Business Server, or Storage Server Edition. Each of the
Windows 2003 operating systems require Service Pack 1 or later.

System memory The minimum system memory on each server should be 1 GB. The
recommended amount for each server is 2 GB.

Disk space for program files This is the amount of disk space needed for the Double-Take
program files. For Windows 2003, this is approximately 300 MB. For Windows 2008, this is
approximately 375 MB.

The program files can be installed to any volume while the Microsoft Windows Installer files are
automatically installed to the operating system boot volume.

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Make sure you have additional disk space for Double-Take queuing, logging, and so on.

Disk space for data files—This is the amount of disk space needed for the source data files.
This will be dependent on the applications you are running and the amount of data files you
have.

Server name—Double-Take includes Unicode file system support, but your server name
must still be in ASCII format. If you have the need to use a server's fully-qualified domain name,
your server cannot start with a numeric character because that will be interpreted as an IP
address.

Protocols and networking—Your servers must meet the following protocol and networking
requirements.

 Your servers must have TCP/IP with static IP addressing. (Some job types allow you to
add DHCP addresses for failover monitoring, although only after a job has already been
created. Keep in mind that depending on your failover configuration, a source reboot may
or may not cause a failover but having a new address assigned by DHCP may also cause
a failover.)

 By default, Double-Take is configured for IPv6 and IPv4 environments, but the Double-
Take service will automatically check the server at service startup and modify the
appropriate setting if the server is only configured for IPv4. If you later add IPv6, you
will need to manually modify the DefaultProtocol server setting.IPv6 is only supported
for Windows 2008 servers.

 If you are using IPv6 on your servers, your clients must be run from an IPv6 capable
machine.

 In order to properly resolve IPv6 addresses to a hostname, a reverse lookup entry should
be made in DNS.

Microsoft .NET Framework—Microsoft .NET Framework version 3.5 Service Pack 1 is

required. This version is not included in the .NET version 4.0 release. Therefore, even if you
have .NET version 4.0 installed, you will also need version 3.5.1. You can install this version
from the Double-Take CD, via a web connection during the Double-Take installation, or from a
copy you have obtained manually from the Microsoft web site.

Cloud Double Take can be used to migrate data to an existing server in the cloud. Keep in
mind that you should enable appropriate security measures, like VPN, to protect your data as it
migrates to the cloud.

Supported configurations The following table identifies the supported configurations for a
data migration job.

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 Not
Configuration Supported
Supported

One-to-one, active/standby X

One-to-one, active/active X

Many-to-one X
Source to target
configuration One-to-many X

Chained X

Single server X

Standalone-to-standalone X

Standalone-to-cluster X

Cluster-to-standalone X
Server Cluster-to-cluster X
configuration
Cluster Shared Volumes
X
(CSV) guest level

Cluster Shared Volumes

X
(CSV) host level

Upgrade 5.2 Double-Take

Move Console data migration
X
job to 6.0 Double-Take
Console data migration job
Upgrade
configuration Upgrade 5.3 Double-Take
Move Console data migration
X
job to 6.0 Double-Take
Console data migration job

Learning Unit 2. Install server Network Operating System

Learning Outcome 2.1: Install network operating system (NOS) and update the NOS with
all required patches

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2.1.1 Windows Server Installation Methods

You can install Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2012 using any one of the following
methods, depending on whether you are a novice, expert, or advanced user:
Description Description
Installation for Installing Windows using Oracle Hardware Installation Assistant (OHIA)
novice users – For the novice user, OHIA provides a wizard-like interface that assists in the
installation of the Windows operating system and firmware upgrades. OHIA
can install Windows by using a local or remote CD/DVD.

Installation for Installing Windows manually – For the experienced user, follow the
experienced instructions in this document to install Microsoft Windows from distribution
users media connected through Oracle ILOM redirection or the USB port. You can
deliver the Windows distribution media by using a remote console with a
redirected CD/DVD drive or CD/DVD image.

Installation for Installing Windows from a deployment server environment – For the
advanced users advanced user, you can create a customized Windows installation image
(WIM) for your server on a system running Windows Deployment Services
(WDS). Once this installation image file has been created, you can boot your
server from its network card and select the image from the WDS system for
unattended deployment.
Post-installation Install server-specific drivers and supplemental software.
Reference Learn how to identify your active network ports in Windows.
2.1.2 Windows Server Installation Types

Windows server (2008) can be installed in two types

1. Full installation
2. Server Core installation

Full installation

This option install the complete installation in windows server, this installation includes the
entire user interface and support all the server roles, it’s a normal server installation like the
windows 2003 server

Server Core installation

This is a new feature in the windows 2008 server, in the Server Core installation, which is a cut-
down version of Windows without the Windows Explorer GUI. Because you don’t have the
Windows Explorer to provide the GUI interface that you are used to,

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2.1.3 Hardware Requirements for Windows Server

Preparation and Installing of Windows Operating System

1. Hardware requirements 2003 server

Review the table on this page to determine the minimum and recommended system requirements
needed to run Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, Enterprise Edition, Datacenter Edition,
and Web Edition.

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Overview

As a network administrator you will need to know which product to use in a certain situation.
This is important as the cost of different Windows Server 2003 OS’s differs considerably.

Windows Server 2003 Web Edition; Designed solely as a Web Server.

Cannot function as a Domain Controller. Can act as a File/Print or Web server

Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition; Supports Active Directory. Used in small to medium
environments. Ideal for File and Print services

Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition; Supports Active Directory. Used in large
organizations. Ideal for Application/Web servers

Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition; Supports Active Directory. Used in very large
organizations. Ideal for Database Servers (SQL)

Windows 2003/XP Capabilities

Each version of Windows Server 2003 has varying capabilities. Below is a list of those
capabilities that may be supported in one version but not in another.

 Network Load Balancing

 Clustering
 Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)
 Pre-emptive Multitasking
 Remote Access

Windows Server 2003 Capabilities

When designing and building networks you will need to evaluate the company’s requirements
and choose the right product for the right situation. The following is a list of the the capabilities
of Windows XP Professional and the four different versions of Windows Server 2003:

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  Supports 2-way SMP (Symmetric Multi-Processing)
 Supports 4GB of memory (RAM)
 Supports up to 10 client connections
 Supports one RAS (Remote Access Server) Connection

Windows Server 2003 Web Edition’s Capabilities

 Supports 2-way SMP (Symmetric Multi-Processing)

 Supports 2GB of memory (RAM)
 10 Remote Access connections
 File and Print Services
 No 64Bit processor Support
 Unable to function as a Domain Controller
 Unlimited web connections

Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition’s Capabilities

 4-Way SMP (Symmetric-Multi Processing) i.e. 4 processors

 Supports 4GB of Memory (RAM)
 Unlimited Client Connections
 256 RAS (Remote Access) Connections
 No 64Bit Itanium Support.
 5 connections to the built in SQL engine
 Network load balancing
 POP3 and SMTP mail server

Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition’s Capabilities

 8 CPU’s (Intel 32-Bit), 8 CPUs (Itanium 64-Bit)

 Supports 32GB of Memory (RAM), 64 GB of Memory on Itanium 64-Bit systems.
 Unlimited Client Connections
 256 RAS (Remote Access) Connections
 Network Load Balancing
 8-Node Clustering

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Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition’s Capabilities

 32 CPU’s (Intel 32-Bit), 64 CPUs (Itanium 64-Bit)- can be grouped to provide 128 way
SMP
 Supports 64GB of Memory (RAM), 512 GB of Memory on Itanium 64-Bit systems.
 Unlimited Client Connections
 256 RAS (Remote Access) Connections
 Network Load Balancing
 8-Node Clustering

Hardware requirements 2003 server

1.

Table 1 describes the minimum hardware requirements for the server. If the server does
not meet the minimum requirements, the installation fails.

Table 1. Hardware requirements

Type of
hardware Hardware requirements

Hardware An AMD64 or Intel EMT-64 processor

Disk Space The following minimum values for disk space:

 At least 7.5 GB of free disk storage for a typical installation

In case a problem arises and any diagnosis is needed, it is optimal to have

temporary or other space available on the system for a first failure data capture
(FFDC) log or for other temporary uses such as for collecting trace logs.

Significant additional disk space is required for database and log files. The size
of the database depends on the number of client files to be stored and the method
by which the server manages them. The default active log space is 16 GB, the
minimum that is needed for most workloads and configurations. When you
create the active log, you need at least 64 GB to run replication. If replication
and data deduplication are both being used, create an active log of 128 GB.
Allocate at least three times the default active log space for the archive log (48
GB). Ensure that you have sufficient resources if you are using data
deduplication or expect a heavy client workload.

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 Table 1. Hardware requirements

Type of
hardware Hardware requirements

Memory The following minimum values for memory:

 16 GB for standard server

 24 GB for data deduplication
 32 GB for node replication with data deduplication

Software requirements

Table 2 describes the minimum software requirements that are needed for a server on a
Windows system.

Table 2. Software requirements

Type of
software Minimum software requirements

Operating One of the following operating systems:

system
 Microsoft Windows Server 2012: Standard, Enterprise, or Datacenter
Edition (64-bit)
 Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (64-bit)
 Microsoft Windows Server 2016

Communication At least one of the following communication protocols (installed by default

protocol with the current Windows operating systems):

 Named Pipes
 TCP/IP Version 4 or Version 6

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 Table 2. Software requirements

Type of
software Minimum software requirements

Other software Windows 2012, Windows 2012 R2, and Windows 2016 require that .NET
Framework 3.5 is installed and enabled.
The following User Account Control policies must be disabled:

 User Account Control: Admin Approval Mode for the Built-in

Administrator account
 User Account Control: Run all administrators in Admin Approval
Mode

Learning Outcome 1.4: Back up local data in preparation for installation

Backing Up the Server Windows Server 2003 includes a great backup tool (ntbackup.exe) to
back up and archive user data and also the entire operating system and disk volumes. You can
use Windows Server 2003 Backup tool (ntbackup.exe) to back up and restore both Windows
Server 2003 and and also Exchange 2003 data. Windows Server 2003 Backup tool
(ntbackup.exe) can be used to backup directories, selected files, and System State data, including
Windows Server 2003 operating system registry information. Windows Server 2003 Backup is
included on all the different versions of Windows 2003 family Operating Systems.

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 Normal Backup (Full backup)
A normal backup (full backup) backs up every file on the specified volume or volumes (or
partitions). In full backup system, the restore process requires only the most recent tape. A full
backup needs a large storage space and requires more time for backup operation. If you have
large amounts of data, running a daily full backup may not be practical because it may take too
long to perform.
to view the archive bit in Windows 2003, right-click on the file and go to the properties. Once in
the properties, click the Advanced button on the general tab. You will see the option that says
“File is Ready for Archiving”. Whenever a new file is created or modified, Windows 2003 sets
the archive bit. The important thing to understand when a full backup is performed is that the
backup backs up all the files that you select (whether the archive bit is set or not), and then clears
the archive bit so that the operating system and applications know that the file has been backed
up.
Incremental Backup
An incremental backup backs up the files that have changed or were created since the last
incremental or full backup. Incremental Backup does this by backing up only files that have the
archive bit set (which means that the file needs to be backed up, either a new file or a file
which is modified). Incremental Backup is different from a full backup, because a full backup
will back up any file that is selected because it does not use the archive bit to determine
whether to back the file up or not. An incremental backup will back up whatever files you have
selected that have the archive bit set.

Differential Backup
A differential backup backs up the files that have changed or were added since the last full
back up by looking for any files that have the archive bit set. The differential backup is
different from the incremental because the differential does not clear the archive bit after the
backup is done. This means that if you were to do another differential backup the next time you
do a backup, the same files (and any new ones) would get backed up.

to view the archive bit in Windows 2003, right-click on the file and go to the properties. Once in
the properties, click the Advanced button on the general tab. You will see the option that says
“File is Ready for Archiving”. Whenever a new file is created or modified, Windows 2003 sets
the archive bit.
Copy and Daily Backup

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 Copy Backup
In Copy Backup, all selected files and folders are backed up. Copy Backup neither uses nor
clears the archive attribute. Copy backups are not used for typical or scheduled backups. Instead,
copy backups are useful to move data between systems or to create an archival copy of data at a
point in time without disrupting standard backup procedures.
Daily Backup
All selected files and folders that have changed during the day are backed up based on the files’
modify date. The archive attribute is neither used nor cleared. If you want to back up all files and
folders that change during the day without affecting a backup schedule, use a daily backup.
Backup Combinations
Normal backup require more storage space and also require more time to perform the backup
operation. To avoid performing normal backup (full backup) daily, we can combine different
types of backups together. Two common types of combinations are explained below.
Normal and differential backups
The first day of the week (Sunday) after office hours a normal backup is performed, and on
Monday to Friday after office hours, differential backups are performed. As explained in the
previous lesson differential backups do not clear the archive attribute, which means that each
backup includes all changes since Sunday. If there is a hardware failure on Friday, after restoring
the hardware you only need to restore the normal backup from Sunday and the differential
backup from Thursday.
Normal and incremental backups
The first day of the week (Sunday) after office hours a normal backup is performed, and on
Monday to Friday after office hours incremental backups are performed. Incremental backups
clear the archive attribute, which means that each backup includes only the files that changed
since the previous backup. If there is a hardware failure on Friday, after restoring the hardware
you need to restore the normal backup from Sunday and each of the incremental backups, from
Monday to Friday.
Backup Software Tools
Is completely free software that can be used to manually or automatically back up the important
data on your computer hard drive to somewhere safe like a disc, flash drive, network drive, etc.
 EaseUS Todo Backup
 AOMEI Backupper Standard
 Cobian Backup
 FileFort Backup
 BackUp Maker
 DriveImage XML

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 Backup Files or Folders using Windows 2003 Backup utility (ntbackup.exe)

1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then
click Backup. The Backup or Restore Wizard starts.
2. Click Advanced Mode.
3. Click the Backup tab.
4. On the Job menu, click New.
5. Expand the drive or folder that contains the items that you want to back up. Click to select
the check boxes next to the files, folders, or drives that you want to back up.
6. In the Backup destination box, specify the destination for the new job. To do so, do one of
the following:
 If you want to back up files and folders to a file, click File.
 If you want to back up to tape, click a tape device.
NOTE: If a tape device is not connected to your computer, File is the only backup
media type that is available in the
Backup destination box.
7. In the Backup media or file name box, do one of the following:
 If you are backing up to a file, specify a path and file name for the backup (.bkf) file.
Or, click Browse, specify a file name and location where you want to save the file, and
then click Save.
 If you are backing up to tape, click the tape that you want to use.
8. On the Tools menu, click Options. Specify any additional backup options that you want on
the appropriate tabs of the Options page. Click OK.
9. Click Start Backup.
10. If you want to set advanced backup options, such as data verification or hardware
compressions, click Advanced. Specify the options that you want, and then click OK.
11. Review the settings on the Backup Job Information page. Specify whether you want this
backup to replace the information that is already present on the destination media, or add
this backup to the existing information.
12. Click Start Backup.
To Back Up the System State (Including Registry Settings)
To back up the system state (including the registry hives system, software, security, the Security
Accounts Manager (SAM), and the default user (but not HKEY_CURRENT_USER)), follow
these steps:

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 1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then
click Backup. The Backup or Restore Wizard starts.
2. Click Advanced Mode.
3. Click the Backup tab.
4. On the Job menu, click New.
5. Click to select the System State check box.
6. Click to select the check boxes next to any other files, folders, or drives that you want to
back up.
7. In the Backup destination box, specify the destination for the new job. To do so, do one of
the following:
 If you want to back up files and folders to a file, click File.
 If you want to back up to tape, click a tape device.
NOTE: If a tape device is not connected to your computer, File is the only backup
media type that is available in the
Backup destination box.
8. In the Backup media or file name box, do one of the following:
 If you are backing up to a file, specify a path and file name for the backup (.bkf) file.
Or, click Browse, specify a file name and location where you want to save the file, and
then click Save.
 If you are backing up to tape, click the tape that you want to use.
9. On the Tools menu, click Options. Specify any additional backup options that you want on
the appropriate tabs of the Options page. Click OK.
10. Click Start Backup.
11. If you want to set advanced backup options, such as data verification or hardware
compressions, click Advanced. Specify the options that you want, and then click OK.
12. Review the settings on the Backup Job Information page. Specify whether you want this
backup to replace the information that is already present on the destination media, or add
this backup to the existing information.
13. Click Start Backup.
To Schedule a Backup for a Later Time or Date
You may want to run a backup operation when there is low system usage. However, such times
may be late at night or on weekends. You can schedule backup jobs to run on a particular day
and time.
NOTE: To schedule a backup operation, the Task Scheduler service must be running.

18
1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then
click Backup. The Backup or Restore Wizard starts.
2. Click Advanced Mode.
3. Click the Backup tab.
4. On the Job menu, click New.
5. Expand the drive or folder that contains the items that you want to back up. Click to select
the check boxes next to the files, folders, or drives that you want to back up.
6. In the Backup destination box, specify the destination for the new job. To do so, do one of
the following:
 If you want to back up files and folders to a file, click File.
 If you want to back up to tape, click a tape device.
NOTE: If a tape device is not connected to your computer, File is the only backup
media type that is available in the
Backup destination box.
7. In the Backup media or file name box, do one of the following:
 If you are backing up to a file, specify a path and file name for the backup (.bkf) file.
Or, click Browse, specify a file name and location where you want to save the file, and
then click Save.
 If you are backing up to tape, click the tape that you want to use.
8. On the Tools menu, click Options. Specify any additional backup options that you want on
the appropriate tabs of the Options page. Click OK.
9. Click Start Backup.
10. Click Schedule.
If a message prompts you to save your current backup selections, click OK. On the Save
As page that appears, specify a name and location where you want to save the backup, and
then click Save.
11. In the Job name box, type a name for the scheduled backup job, and then click Properties.
12. Click the Schedule tab. In the Schedule Task box, click how frequently you want the
backup job to run, and then in the Start time box, specify a time when you want the backup
to run, and then click OK.
13. On the Set Account Information page that appears, type a user name and password of the
user whom you want to run the scheduled backup for, and then click OK.
14. Click OK.
The backup job that you scheduled appears on the calendar on the Schedule Jobs tab. The
scheduled backup job automatically starts at the time and data that you specified.
15. Close the Backup Utility page.

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 To Back Up Data by Using the Backup Wizard
1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then
click Backup. The Backup or Restore Wizard starts.
2. Click Advanced Mode.
3. On the Welcome tab, click Backup Wizard (Advanced). The Backup Wizard starts.
Click Next.
4. Specify what you want to back up, and then click Next.
5. If you selected Back up selected files, drives, or network data in step 4, expand the drive
or folder that contains the items that you want to back up, click to select the check boxes
next to the drive, folder, or file that you want to back up, and then click Next.
6. Specify the backup type, destination, and name in the appropriate boxes, and then
click Next.
NOTE: If a tape drive is not connected to your computer, File is the only backup media type
that is available in the
Select the backup type box.
7. Review the settings that appear on the Completing the Backup Wizard page. If you want
to specify advanced backup options, click Advanced, specify the options that you want, and
then click OK.
8. Click Finish.
Restoring Data to the Server
If a data loss occurs, you can restore your backup data manually or by using the Restore Wizard,
which is included in the Backup feature.
To Restore Selected Files from a File or Tape
1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then
click Backup. The Backup or Restore Wizard starts.
2. Click Advanced Mode.
3. Click the Restore and Manage Mediatab.
4. Click the media that you want to restore, and then click to select the check boxes next to the
drives, folders, or files that you want to restore.
5. In the Restore file to box, specify the location where you want to restore the files by doing
one of the following:
 If you want to restore the files or folders to the same location in which they were when
you backed up the data, click Original location, and then go to step 7.
 If you want to restore the files or folders to a new location, click Alternate location.
This option preserves the folder structure of the backed up data.

20
  If you want to restore the files and folders to a single location, click Single folder.
6. If you selected Alternate location or
Single folder, type the location in which you want the data to be restored, or
click Browse and select the location, and then click OK.
7. On the Tools menu, click Options. Click the Restore tab, specify the restore option that you
want, and then click OK.
8. Click Start Restore.
9. On the Confirm Restore page that appears, click Advanced if you want to set advanced
restore options, and then click OK.
10. Click OK to start the restore operation.
To Restore the System State Data (Including Registry Information)
1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then
click Backup. The Backup or Restore Wizard starts.
2. Click Advanced Mode.
3. Click the Restore and Manage Mediatab.
4. In the Items to restore box, expand the media that you want to restore, and then click to
select the System State check box.
5. Click to select the check boxes next to any other drives, folders, or files that you want to
restore.
6. In the Restore file to box, specify the location where you want to restore the files by doing
one of the following:
 If you want to restore the files or folders to the same location in which they were when
you backed up the data, click Original location, and then go to step 8.
 If you want to restore the files or folders to a new location, click Alternate location.
This option preserves the folder structure of the backed up data.
 If you want to restore the files and folders to a single location, click Single folder.
NOTE: If you do not designate an alternate location for the restored data, the restore
operation erases the current system state data and replaces it with the information that
you are restoring.
7. If you selected Alternate location or
Single folder, type the location in which you want the data to be restored, or
click Browse and select the location.
8. Click Start Restore.
9. On the Confirm Restore page that appears, click Advanced if you want to set advanced
restore options, and then click OK.

21
 10. Click OK to start the restore operation.
To Restore Backed Up Data by Using the Restore Wizard
1. Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then
click Backup. The Backup or Restore Wizard starts.
2. Click Advanced Mode.
3. On the Welcome tab, click Restore Wizard (Advanced). The Restore Wizard starts.
Click Next.
4. In the Items to restore box, expand the media that you want to restore, click to select the
check boxes next to the drives, folders, or files that you want to restore, and then click Next.
5. Review the settings that appear on the Completing the Restore Wizard page. If you want
to specify advanced backup options, click Advanced, specify the options that you want, and
then click OK.
6. Click Finish.
Troubleshooting
You Cannot Back Up or Restore Data
You must be a member of the Administrators group or the Backup Operators group on the local
computer to back up or restore data.
You Cannot Schedule a Backup Operation
The Task Scheduler service must be running before you can schedule a backup. If the Task
Scheduler service is not already running, follow these steps to start it:
1. Click Start, and then click Run.
2. In the Open box, type cmd, and then click OK.
3. At the command prompt, type net start schedule, and then press ENTER.

Backup Software Tools

Is completely free software that can be used to manually or automatically back up the important
data on your computer hard drive to somewhere safe like a disc, flash drive, network drive, etc.

22
  EaseUS Todo Backup
 AOMEI Backupper Standard
 Cobian Backup
 FileFort Backup
 BackUp Maker
 DriveImage XML

Learning unit 2: Install server Network Operating System

Learning Outcome 2.1: Install network operating system (NOS) and update the NOS with all
required patches
Windows Server
 Installation Methods
Microsoft distributes Windows Server 2012 on optical media and in an .iso (ISO) image
format. ISO format is becoming more common as organizations acquire software over the
Internet rather than by obtaining physical removable media. Once you have obtained the
Windows Server 2012 operating system from Microsoft, you can use your own method to
deploy the operating system. You can install Windows Server 2012 by using a variety of
methods, including the
following:
• Optical Media
Advantages include:
Traditional method of deployment.
Disadvantages include:
 Requires that the computer have access to a DVD-ROM drive.
 Is typically slower than USB media.
 You cannot update the installation image without replacing the media.
 You can only perform one installation per DVD-ROM at a time.

23
 USB Media
o Advantages include:
 All computers with USB drives allow boot from USB media.
 The image can be updated as new software updates and drivers become available.
 The answer file can be stored on a USB drive, minimizing the amount of interaction
that the
 administrator must perform.
o Disadvantages include:
 Requires the administrator to perform special steps to prepare USB media from an ISO
file.
• Mounted ISO image
o Advantages include:
 With virtualization software, you can mount the ISO image directly and install
Windows Server 2012 on the virtual machine.
• Network Share
o Advantages include:
 It is possible to boot a server off a boot device (DVD or USB drive) and install from
installation files that are hosted on a network share.
o Disadvantages include:
This method is much slower than using Windows Deployment Services. If you already
have access to a DVD or USB media, it is simpler to use those tools for operating
system deployment.
• Windows Deployment Services
o Advantages include:
 You can deploy Windows Server 2012 from .wim image files or specially prepared
virtual hard disk (.vhd) files.
 You can use the Windows® Automated Installation Kit (AIK) to configure lite-touch
deployment.
 Deployment Services server, and the operating system image is transmitted to the
server over the network.
 Windows Deployment Services allows multiple concurrent installations of Windows
Server 2012 using multicast network transmissions.
System Center Configuration Manager
o Advantages include:
 Configuration Manager allows you to fully automate the deployment of Windows
Server 2012 to new servers that do not have an operating system installed. This process
is called Zero Touch deployment.
• Virtual Machine Manager Templates
o Advantages include:
 Windows Server 2012 is typically deployed in private cloud scenarios from
preconfigured virtual machine templates. You can configure multiple components of

24
 the System Center suite to allow self-service deployment of Windows Server 2012
virtual machines.
 Installation Types

Three different types of installation can be carried out for Windows XP Professional. The type of
installation chosen can affect various stages of the installation process. The three types are as
follows:

 Clean installation: one where there is no existing operating system on the computer or
you do not want to preserve the existing installation. The biggest advantage of a clean
installation is knowing that nothing remains from a previous installation, leading to
improved performance and stability. However, you will need to reinstall all of your
applications and reconfigure your Windows settings.

 Upgrade installation: one in which Windows server is installed over a previous version
of Windows. The biggest advantage of an upgrade is that you can retain application
installations and user settings. However, this can also be a disadvantage if you would be
better off without these applications and settings.

 Multiple boot installation: one in which several operating systems are installed on the
same computer and the user can choose which operating system to boot during system
startup.
 Choosing Whether to Upgrade or Migrate
A new version of a software or hardware product designed to replace an older version of the
same product. Typically, software companies sell upgrades at a discount to prevent users from
switching to other products. In most cases, you must prove you own an older version of the
product to qualify for the upgrade price.
System migration is a method of installing a system at a different version that is different from
its current version.
Server migration is a technique in which data is positioned from one server to another. The
reasons behind server migration are security concerns, equipment is being replaced and many
other factors.
Supported upgrade paths

The table below shows which Windows operating systems can be upgraded to which editions of
Windows Server 2008 R2.

Note the following general guidelines for supported paths:

 In-place upgrades from 32-bit to 64-bit architectures are not supported. All editions of
Windows Server 2008 R2 are 64-bit only.
 In-place upgrades from one language to another are not supported.
 In-place upgrades from one build type (fre to chk, for example) are not supported.

25
  If you do not see your current version in the left column, upgrading to this release of
Windows Server 2008 R2 is not supported.

If you are running: You can upgrade to this edition:

Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition with
Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard, Windows
Service Pack 2 (SP2) or Windows
Server 2008 R2 Enterprise
Server 2003 R2 Standard Edition
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition
Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise, Windows
with SP2 or Windows Server 2003 R2
Server 2008 R2 Datacenter
Enterprise Edition
Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition
with SP2 or Windows Server 2003 R2 Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter
Datacenter Edition
Server Core installation of either Windows
Server Core installation of Windows
Server 2008 R2 Standard or Windows
Server 2008 Standard with or without SP2
Server 2008 R2 Enterprise
Server Core installation of either Windows
Server Core installation of Windows
Server 2008 R2 Enterprise or Windows
Server 2008 Enterprise with or without SP2
Server 2008 R2 Datacenter
Server Core installation of Windows Server Core installation of Windows
Server 2008 Datacenter Server 2008 R2 Datacenter
Server Core installation of either Windows
Server Core installation of Windows Web
Server 2008 R2 Standard or Windows Web
Server 2008 with or without SP2
Server 2008 R2
Full installation of either Windows
Full installation of Windows Server 2008
Server 2008 R2 Standard or Windows
Standard with or without SP2
Server 2008 R2 Enterprise
Full installation of either Windows
Full installation of Windows Server 2008
Server 2008 R2 Enterprise or Windows
Enterprise with or without SP2
Server 2008 R2 Datacenter
Full installation of Windows Server 2008 Full installation of either Windows
Datacenter with or without SP2 Server 2008 R2 Datacenter
Full installation of either Windows
Full installation of Windows Web
Server 2008 R2 Standard or Windows Web
Server 2008 with or without SP2
Server 2008 R2
Server Core installation of either Windows
Server Core installation of Windows
Server 2008 R2 Standard (repair in place) or
Server 2008 R2 Standard
Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise
Server Core installation of either Windows
Server Core installation of Windows
Server 2008 R2 Enterprise (repair in place) or
Server 2008 R2 Enterprise
Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter

26
Server Core installation of Windows
Server 2008 R2 Datacenter
Server Core installation of Windows Web
Server 2008 R2
Full installation of Windows Server 2008 R2
Standard
Full installation of Windows Server 2008 R2
Enterprise
Full installation of Windows Server 2008 R2 Full installation of either Windows
Datacenter
Full installation of Windows Web
Server 2008 R2
Server Core installation of either Windows
Server 2008 R2 Datacenter (repair in place)
Server Core installation of either Windows Web
Server 2008 R2 (repair in place) or Windows
Server 2008 R2 Standard
Full installation of either Windows
Server 2008 R2 Standard (repair in place) or
Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise
Full installation of either Windows
Server 2008 R2 Enterprise (repair in place) or
Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter
Server 2008 R2 Datacenter (repair in place)
Full installation of either Windows Web
Server 2008 R2 (repair in place) or Windows
Server 2008 R2 Standard

 Hardware Requirements for Windows Server

Windows Server 2003 Web Edition’s Capabilities

 Supports 2-way SMP (Symmetric Multi-Processing)

 Supports 2GB of memory (RAM)
 10 Remote Access connections
 File and Print Services
 No 64Bit processor Support
 Unable to function as a Domain Controller
 Unlimited web connections

Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition’s Capabilities

 4-Way SMP (Symmetric-Multi Processing) i.e. 4 processors

 Supports 4GB of Memory (RAM)
 Unlimited Client Connections
 256 RAS (Remote Access) Connections
 No 64Bit Itanium Support.
 5 connections to the built in SQL engine

27
  Network load balancing
 POP3 and SMTP mail server

Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition’s Capabilities

 8 CPU’s (Intel 32-Bit), 8 CPUs (Itanium 64-Bit)

 Supports 32GB of Memory (RAM), 64 GB of Memory on Itanium 64-Bit systems.
 Unlimited Client Connections
 256 RAS (Remote Access) Connections
 Network Load Balancing
 8-Node Clustering

Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition’s Capabilities

 32 CPU’s (Intel 32-Bit), 64 CPUs (Itanium 64-Bit)- can be grouped to provide 128 way
SMP
 Supports 64GB of Memory (RAM), 512 GB of Memory on Itanium 64-Bit systems.
 Unlimited Client Connections
 256 RAS (Remote Access) Connections
 Network Load Balancing
 8-Node Clustering

Hardware requirements 2003 server

2008 2008 R2
Criteria
Minimum Recommended Minimum Recommended

 1 GHz (IA-
32)
1.4 GHz (x86-64
CPU  1.4 GHz 2 GHz or faster 2 GHz or faster
or Itanium)
(x86-64 or
Itanium)

RAM 512 MB 2 GB or greater 512 MB 2 GB or greater

28
  Other
editions, 32-
bit: 20 GB  Foundation:
 Foundation: 10 GB
10 GB
 Other 40 GB or or greater
HDD[a]  Other
editions, 64- greater  Other editions: 32
bit: 32 GB editions: 32
GB or greater
GB
 Foundation:
10 GB[38]

Devices DVD drive, 800 × 600 or higher display, keyboard and mouse

Table 2. Software requirements

Type of
software Minimum software requirements

Operating One of the following operating systems:

system
 Microsoft Windows Server 2012: Standard, Enterprise, or Datacenter
Edition (64-bit)
 Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (64-bit)
 Microsoft Windows Server 2016

Communication At least one of the following communication protocols (installed by default

protocol with the current Windows operating systems):

 Named Pipes
 TCP/IP Version 4 or Version 6

Other software Windows 2012, Windows 2012 R2, and Windows 2016 require that .NET
Framework 3.5 is installed and enabled.
The following User Account Control policies must be disabled:

 User Account Control: Admin Approval Mode for the Built-in

Administrator account
 User Account Control: Run all administrators in Admin Approval
Mode

Windows Server 2008 R2

29
1. Insert the installation media for Windows Server 2008 R2. After the installer runs, the
Install Windows screen appears.

2. Enter language and other preferences. Click Next.

3. Click Install now. The setup begins.

The installer prompts to select an operation system.

30
4. Select Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise (Full Installation) and click Next.

The installer prompts to read the license terms.

5. Read the license terms. If you agree to the license terms, select I accept the license terms
and click Next.

31
6. The installer asks you which type of installation. For a new installation, click
Custom (advanced).

7. The installer asks for disk location information. Make your selection and click Next.

32
8. The installation begins.

33
34
9. The installer prompts to change the password. Click OK.

10. Enter a new password, re-enter the password to confirm it, and click the right-arrow.

35
11. After you click OK on the confirmation screen, the operating system prepares your
desktop.

36
 Installing Windows Server 2012 R2

Step 1: Insert a DVD of Windows Server 2012 R2 into your system and start it. Once you get a
message "Press any key to boot from CD or DVD..", press an Enter key

Step 2: Choose the language, time and currency format, keyboard or input method and click
Next

37
Step 3: Click Install now

Step 4: Choose the operating system you want to install and click Next

Step 5: Click Custom: Install Windows only (advanced)

38
Step 6: Click New to partition the hard disk and provide size in MB for this drive. When done,
click Apply

Step 7: Choose the drive other than Primary and click Next. Sit back and relax while Installation
takes a moment

Step 8: Upon reboot, provide an administrative password and click Finish

39
Step 9: Login with your current password and start enjoying Windows Server 2012 R2

 Using Windows Server Migration Tools

Installing the Windows Server Migration Tools on the DESTINATION Server

First we have to install the on the DESTINATION host (W2K12 in our case, the server to which
you are migrating)). For this we launch Server Manager and on the dashboard select Manage and

40
choose Add Roles & Feature.

41
Navigate through the wizard until you get to Features. Find and select Windows Server
Migration Tools. Click Next.

42
Click Install to kick of the installation.

43
After a while your patience will be rewarded.

Installing the Windows Server Migration Tools on the SOURCE Server

To install the Windows Server Migration Tools on the SOURCE server, you need to run the
appropriate PowerShell command on the DESTINATION server. This is what trips people up a
lot of the time. You deploy the correct version of the tools from the destination server to the
source server, where you will than register them for use. Do this with an admin account that has
admin privileges on both the DESTINATION & SOURCE Computer.

Start up the Windows Server Migration Tools from Server Manager, Tools.

44
This launches the Windows Server Migration Tools PowerShell window.

Our SOURCE server here is the32 bit (X86) Windows 2008 TS Gateway Server. The
documentation tells us the correct values to use for the parameters /architecture and /OS to use.

SmigDeploy.exe /package /architecture X86 /os WS08 /path \SourcerServerc$sysadmin

Now before you run this command be sure to go to the ServerMigrationTools folder as the UI
fails to do that for you.

Also this is PowerShell so use . in front of the command otherwise you’ll get the error below.

While you want this:

Now you have also deployed the correct tools to the SOURCE server, our old legacy TS
Gateway Server. Next we need to register these tools on the SOURCE Server to be able to use
them. You might have gotten the message already you need PowerShell deployed on the
SOURCE Server as documented.

45
If you have PowerShell, launch the console with elevated permissions (Runs As Administrator)
and run the following command: .SmigDeploy.exe

Using the Windows Server Migration Tools To Migrate Local Users & Groups

To export the local users and groups from the source TS/RD Gateway server you start up the
Windows Server Migration Tools on the SOURCE server (see the documentation for all ways to
achieve this) and run the following PowerShell command:
Export-SmigServerSetting -User All -Group –Path C:SysAdminExportMigUsersGroups –
Verbose

As you can see I elected to migrate all user accounts not just the enabled or disabled ones. We’ll
sort those out later. Also note the command will create the folder for you.

To import the local users and groups to the target RD Gateway server you start up the Windows
Server Migration Tools on the Destination server (see the documentation) , i.e. our new
Windows Server 2012 RD Gateway VM.

and run the following PowerShell command:

Import-SmigServerSetting -User Enabled -Group -Path C:SysAdminExportMigUsersGroups -

Verbose

Do note that the migrated user accounts will be disabled and have their properties set to "Next
Logon". This means you will have to deal with this accordingly depending on the scenarios and

46
communicate new passwords & action to take to the users.

47
Do note that the local groups have had the local or domain groups/users added by the import
command. Pretty neat.

Learning Outcome 2.2: Post-Install And Configure The Server

Overview of Post-Installation Configuration
Configuration of server network settings (Configure the IP address)

1. Navigate to Start > Network. Windows Explorer for Network appears.

48
2. Click Network and Sharing Center.

3. Click Change adapter settings. The Network Connections appear.

4. Right-click the network connection and select Properties.

49
 The Properties screen appears.

5. Highlight Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click Properties.

The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties screen appears.

50
6. Assign static IP address and DNS server information as appropriate. For Microsoft's
guidance for configuring IPv4 for static addressing on a DHCP server, see Configuring a
DHCP server static IP address.

51