SURFACE PREPARATION –TUESDAY

1. What is the title of the BS 7079?

 Preparation of steel substrate before application of paints and related products.

2. What are the four characteristics of an abrasive?

 Size, hardness size and density.

3. Why are blast hoses carbon impregnated?

 To discharge static electricity.

4. Name the gauge used for measuring pressure at the blast nozzle?
 Hypodermic needle gauge

5. Name four advantages of centrifugal blasting over open blasting?

 Enclosed, operator safety.

6. According to BS 7079 is it possible to blast clean to an A SA 1?

 No

7. Is there any difference between an A SA 1 and B SA 1?

 Yes

8. Could you tell the difference between rust grades A and B blasted to Sa3?
 No

9. Could you tell the difference between rust grades C and D blasted to Sa3?
 Heavy pitting in grade D

10. What would be atypical speed of abrasives leaving a wheel abrator?

 220mph app

11. What is considered to be the most efficient blasting pressure?

 100psi

12. What is meant by the term BURNISHING?

 Polishing to smooth small area, does not provide good adhesion.

13. What would be the equivalent to ST2 on the SA grades?

 SA 2.5

14. What is the neutral figure on the pH scale?

 7

15. How is pH measured?

 Using litmus paper (pH indicator strips )

16. Why are inhibitors sometimes added to water in wet blasting?

 To prevent flash roasting

17. Name two typical areas where needle guns might be used?
 Welds, bolts, fasteners, rivets

18. What is the Duplex process of surface preparation?

 Footners duplex system involves the pickling process followed by passivation process using phosphoric
or chromic acid along with small percentage of iron filings, which produces iron chromate or iron
phosphate salts, which are not soluble and acts as a rust preventative for a limited time, increases
adhesion.
19. Which pH range covers acids?
 7-0

20. Which pH range covers alkalies?

 7-14

21. What is the meaning of pH?

 It is a measure of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

22. Name three disadvantages of wet blasting?

 Does not cut profile ,large mount of water needed and flash roasting

23. Name two areas on a structure where flame cleaning cannot be done?
 Fastenings ,bolts ,rivets area which really on tension

24. Which three basic operations are performed during flame cleaning?
 Expansion, dehydration and heat penetration.

25. How does BS 7079 define flame cleaning standards?

 AFL,BFL,CFL,DFL

26. What is a Jason’s Hammer?

 It is a type of needle gun

27. What is meant by St2 and St3?

 Through and very through

28. Two alloys are used to render wire brushes spark free, what are they?
 Phosphor bronze and beryllium bronze

29. Why should Burnishing be avoided?

 It gives very poor adhesion

30. Name two major disadvantages of using a needle gun?

 Very coarse profile
 Works harden the surface

31. After phosphating, what would be a typical pH requirement prior to coating?

 pH 4 to 7

32. If an operator was blasting with a nozzle pressure of 80 psi.what would be his approximate efficiency?
 70%

33. What is understood by the term Knock out pot?

 Vapour trap to remove moisture and oil from the air

34. Which solvents are commonly used for degreasing?

 Xylene

35. What is a dead mans handle?

 Safety trigger under the direct control of the blasting operator

36. Why is carbon impregnated into blast hoses?

 Discharge static electricity

37. How is abrasive cleansed in a wheel abrator system?

 Air wash separator
38. What is the main disadvantage of high pressure jetting compared to other systems?
 No profile, huge amount of water, no safety.

39. Name five methods of wet blasting?

 High pressure water blasting upto 30000 psi
 High pressure water plus abrasive injection -20000psi
 Lower pressure water plus abrasive injection- 100psi
 Steam cleaning
 Air blasting with water injection

40. What would be the typical temperature and concentration to other systems?
 Concentrations of sulphuric acid in the pickling process5-10 % sulphuric acid at 65 -70 deg
temperature

41. Describe the Duplex process?

 Footners duplex system involves the pickling process followed by passivation process using phosphoric
or chromic acid along with small percentage of iron filings, which produces iron chromate or iron
phosphate salts, which are not soluble and acts as a rust preventative for a limited time, increases
adhesion.

42. What would be a maximum pressure for high pressure water jetting?
 30000psi

43. What are the disadvantages of wet blasting over dry blasting?
 Flash roasting, no profile, large amount of water ,no safety slurry

44. Describe the Phosphating process?

 Refer book

45. What would be considered to be advantages of wet blasting over dry blasting?
 No sparking, removes hygroscopic salts. toxic substances can be removed

46. Why is the phosphating or chromating of steel done?

 It forms a rust inhibitive layer and increases adhesion

47. What would be an acceptable remedy for burnished areas?

 Use emery paper

48. Would burnishing be expected on areas of St2 preparations?

 Yes

49. How many photographs of blast cleaning standards are shown in BS 7079 Pt A?
 14

50. Do the plates shown in BS 7079 Pt A relate to grit blasting or shot blasting?
 It can be any type of abrasive