~~

m ~ ~

F~ ~ FB I
SAT Subject
The test that follows is an actual, previously administered
take this test,
Test in Biology E/M. To get an idea of what iYs Like to
actual test
practice under conditions that are much like those of an
administration.
Set aside an hour when you can take the test uninterrupted.
naries,
Sit at a desk or table with no other books or papers. Dictio
other books, or notes are not allowed in the test room.
fill it in
Tear out an answer sheet from the back of this book and
can be
just as you. would on the da~~ of the test. One answer sheet
used for up to three Subject Tests.
the
Read the instructions that precede the practice test. During
actual administration you wi11 be asked to read them before
answering test questions.
you.
Time yourself by placing a clock or kitchen timer in front of
Score
After you finish the practice test, read the sections "Hova to
Score the
the SAT Subject Test in Ecological, Biology" or "How tc~
Do an
SAT Subject Test in Molecular Biology" and "How Did. Yau
too on
the Subject Test in Ecoiagical Biology?" or "How Did You
the Subject Test in Molecular Bialagy?'"
difrer from
The appearance of the ansvaer sheet in this book may
the answer sheet you see on test day.

,_

You muse <iecicie whether
P,m~E~asis (}3St)LOGY b,~) ~1ow
[n take tile, Biology 'Taut you
fi!1 i~7 the circl e «exi to fhe nssne of tht test you are ~~bc~ut to ta~:e~
you to
OLOCiY-E) or Molecul2~r
a Biole ~~~y TcSY with F wi~;gical F.nrphatiis (RS
you wan t To Cake we~ Sheet that you wi11 use
~e tine test bagi~ ~s.'I 'he t~3p ~~irtio~~ of the page of tfle <~ns
, befos When your supen ~sor tells
Have sete cied must be f:(l~ d in exactly as ill~isa~ated below.
a~ shuwn.
, ~~'rsrk your ~nwwcr sheep

For }3i()I.()GY-[
Chinese Listeroln~ Q ~apary~sg Listening
M~memarics Leael 1 (~ German
~ Kort+?n Lstsning
1Pteranxe
Niology E C) Mothomailcs Lcval2 o ~~~~,~~ F«*ncl' L.:st~ni~7g
U Gnrmen Ll,fes~inq
~~ gpanlsk'i UstPninq
Laiin
(~ Ciolegy M (~ U.S. His.ory
WodCi Hls"flry ftluderr Hetfaw '(~}i ~~~~ R
Chemistry Backgrountl Qu¢etbns: Q~
Rcnci'; 'apanish
Q Phy&i~S

Tor }3IOLOGY-M
Q CMi~ese Llslerting Q .lapansse Llsienlny
Q M~themaLrs Le~ael t O Germ2n
Li.eraNrL ~ Koraari ~istaiiog
Italian (~ Fruxh Lls9ening
M6thamaYic:; Level 2 ~ Spanish Llsternny
eicbgy E O Gerrt~:an Listeniny
Q Lain
Q U.S ti~story
~ e~ow~y sn hRodern Hebrc-u~
CI'~emis'hy Q Wor1(1 Higtory Q Background Questions: ~ Q
~Q Q Q0~ Q
Q French Q Spanish
Q P'r:ysice

Qucsdons ~action,
the nam e of[he test you are taking. locate the &ackground
After filling in else circle next to This is where you will answee the
appe ars at tlic to}7 of your answer sheet(as shown ahov~}.
which also
on pour answer sheet.
following Sackaroond ~uestibns
BACKGROUND QUES'T'IONS
nd Questions l ox on your
tion s belo w by titli ng in Che apE~ropriate circle in the Rackg~oa
Pteasc a~~~.vcr the four ques <iffc~~~t~ur teat sears_
ion vau ~rca~ ide is for stati stica l nu~7~»es only'ind ~'ill_noc
answer shut. The informat

se6002? (iP yon are takiizg

I[ow man y sertt ester s of biology haue yon litken in higF~ circle cf cireles I- .
(~iicsti<~n t Hilt tie~n~~ter.j C=iII in ~m(y crCte
trialoLy this S~tnes[er, ~ouni it <es a
— Fili ire circle I.
One semester or less
— Pill in circte 2.
o 'Two semesters
— Fi(I in circle 3.
• 'Three semesters ar more
es 4-6.
_se? Fill ii7 only gee circle of c~rel
~r"hi c.h of the toll o~in g best describes yom' biolocy coai
uestio~itt
— Fill in circle 4_
e General F3iolot~y
— Fi11 try circle 5.
Biology with emphasis ~n ecalo~p
cutar~ biology -- Fitl in circle 6.
• Biolo~~y with emphasis on mole
an
in algebra? (If you are taking
Whi ch of the foll owin g bas[ drsciitres your background ene errat a of circl es 7-8.
uesti~n III only
t it as a full semester.) Pill in
algebra courxe this semester, coun
--Fill in circle 7.
s (}ne semester or less.
— Till in circle 8.
Two semesters or snore
e 9.
t Biology? If you are, fill iii circl
Hav e you had of are you cunei~€ty taking Advanced Placemen
(7ueseic~n IV
ire IOt) nuin~iered circles
sign al, mrn the page and begin the Bialo~y Test. "I`lYere
When the supervisor give s the the Biology*} E ,ectiora, r~n~f
are bt7 giies tior~ s in the core Biol ogy "Cast, 20 questions in
on the aflswer sheet. "Che re OR circles 7-64 plus
M sect ion. Ther efor e use ONL Y ciecles 1-80 (ter Iiit~lo~y-E)
20 questions in the Biology-
2g your answers.
81-1b0(ioi' Biol~~y-i~t) for recordit

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36
 %'Y/Ei ~'1J~9.Il AD1.4JII.~Y~~B &. `d~i t$1Y~ dBB.€11.~&1i;81 -!tl19

Directions: Each set of lettered choices below refers ~o [he nurr~bered questions or ~;tat~me«ts imxTzed:ateiy~ foikowing
iC. Select the or e lettered choice that lest answe7s each question of best fits each st~~t~rnent aizd [hen fill in the cc~rre-
s~<~ndina cird~ orr the answer sheet. A choice may be used once, more thar~r once, or not at all in eaclT set.

(2uestiox~s 1-4 ref'cr Cte the following. Questions 8-10 retier to Che following condatioras
of Lardy-V4~e[nberg equilibrium.
(A} Charact'eriseic of ~la~ts but no[ animals
(B} Characteristic of animals but not plants (A) Very large popiila£ion size
(C) Characteristic of euka~yotes but not (B) No migration
Prokaryc~Ces (C) No netrriutarioiz
(D) Characteristic of prokaryotes but not (I7) Random mating
eukaryotes (E) No natural selection
(E) Charlcteristic of all organisms
8. The condition tP~at is not mec if individuals choose
. The cells of an organism contain mitochoi~d~ia. maces based b~~ s phenotypic trait

2. The cells of air organism contain ribosomes.
3. The cell wall is composed of cellulose.
4~. 1'hc cytosol of an organism's cells is contained
by tl~e plasma membrane.
9. 7"h~ condition that is not' met when a new
nucleotide segne~~ee appears in the gene pool
lU. TP~e coildilio» t}1at is nut met if there is
diflea~ential sw~vival of one of the genotypes
in The population

Questions 5-7 refer to tF~e fioltowir~g mammalian

sfructures.

(A} Oviduct
(I3) Uterus
(C} Ovary
(D) F~ipididymis
(F) Testes

5. Site of implanY<Ation of the blastocyst

Ei. Site oi' garnetagenesis trorn Puberty until death

Z Site of ferlili'ratic>n

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37
zv -., .." ~3T6~L,((Sfpl'-~/1_l~[ 'flFS1"—(onti~rta~a~ec7

Questions ~1-1~ refer to tt~e tol6oaving.

will all develop different levels of biodi~~~rsity.
Islands A, I3, C", D, and F' are recently for r~ie~1 volcanic islands. They
the mni~land.
Asserme [hat the Species perpulatin~ the five ~siands wilt ail come from

ll. Island expected tb have [t'ie greatest biodive~:sicy

12. Island expected [v have the lowest imn~igr'atior~

rate of new specie~

13. Itiland expected tc> have Che, lowest extinc[ian rite

14. Island. czpected to have. the lowest biodiversiry

Czt? Ott!7Q'ftfE tSEX7 PAG~

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suggested answers or
Directions: Each of the quesCions or incomplePs statements below is follgwed by five
reFers ro a laboratory ar experimenta l situaCion. For each
completions. Some questions pertain tc~ a seC that
Ih~ querstion and then fill in [h~ con-espa~~din~ circle on
question, selec t the one choice that is the best answer Ga
the answer sheet.

I~. The pH of human blood is elpsest to I &. Which of the following statements abi7ut
chercnoreaulation is true?
(A) 3.5
(B} SS (A) Endothe~ms maintain body temperature
~c> zs with metabolic heat.
(D) 9.5 (B} Endotl~erm bc~cly Cemper~tare is always
(~) 105 greater thin a~7~bient temperature.
(C} Endothenns always I~a~e much higher blood
16. A geneticist wishes to determine whether a black temperature than dx'> ec[othe~rnis.
Quinea pig carries the recessive gene for white fur (D} ~ctothernls do not have a method to maintain
Which of the following would besC reveal the body cem~erature.
possible presence of the masked recessive trait? (Ej F.eeotherz77s can perform vigorous activit}~ for
longer periods of time than can encloth~rms.
(A} Bxantining Che imdersar~face of the guinea pig
for white hairs dispersed a~rtong the black 19. The flowering plant Mirabilis Jalapa produces
(B) Studying oise at the guinea pig's hair tiollicles 17owers thaC may be red, wt~it~:, or pink. When
with an electron miceoseo~e red-flowered plants sire crossed with white-
(C) Analyzing the skin cells of fhe gui»ea flowered plants, all gffsprina have pink flowers.
pig chemically for the nature of its In an experirTlerit, pink-flowered plants were
messenger RNA crossed with eacPi otBer_ Of fhe 200 offspring
(D) Examining the bands in tl~e guinea pig's ~~rocluce d, a~~~roximately 50 had i~d flowers,
salivary gland chromosomes 50 had white flowers, and 100 hod pink flowers.
(B) Mating [he black guinea pig with a white one The most likely inheritance patt'~ern for flower
and observing whether any of the off~spxii~g color i~~ tP~e plant is
are white
CA) ~olygenic inheritance
17. Which of the following canrncrease genetic (B) co7ziplete dominance
variability by the exchange of segments between (C} multiple alleles
homologous chroinosoines? (D} inebmplete dominance
(E} sex-linka<_>e
(Aj Potnt muta[ian
(B} Lnli2ige
(C} Potyplt~idy
(D) Nondisjunction
(~} Crossing-over

4~C8 t3€~8 TU THE N~X'i' P~C~C J

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39
 t
I~~Cji~~}CI'-~11~ T~S'~—C'orrtcrzr~~ct

G 24. A symbiotic relatiorshil~ betw~n [wo species that

is bcnef'icial to both is defined as

~l IJ CY Gy
(A) mutnnlism
(B) commensalism
(C) nei,ivalism
iD) parasitism
(;> 48
(f) E7rcda[ion

25 WhicYr ~t the following is alwayti required for

~f7. In the cross represented in the Ptimnett square
above. G is the allele for green, and g is the
allele for yellow. Asst~niinff a Iar~e number
cif offspring, the Punnett square ~redic[s their
(A} 25~Ic of the offsp~`t'ng wi1F be yellow
~ CC) ~ y-y"ore producec{ by mrtasts
(B} 259c ~f the olfsprmg will not survive
(C} S6°io of the c~fispeing vain be homozygo us
yello~~
(D} 50~% of the offspring will be homozygous
e~'een
(Ej 75`70 of the offi~~rir~g will be heterozygous
green
21. R chemical compound forrezed by coml~ii~ing ooe
adenine molecule, o~ie ribose molecule, and _o,ne
pP~osphaLe group is
(A) an amino acid
(B) a nucleotide
(C) ATY
(Di R~iA
(E} I?NA
Successful sexual rep~rudacCron m inulticellular
p~a~its or animals?
(A) NomxTvtile egos acid sperm
CB) Gametes that are haploid
(D) Two pairs of chzomosame~ per gzme[e
(E} "T'wo pairs of cenEricrles
26. Which of the following is an accurate statement
about endosperm and yolk?
(A) B~[h provide stored energy for the embryo.
(A) Bath are found in flowering plants.
(C'} Bo[h contaid ~dploid cells.
(p) [3oth c~ntaii~ toxins or bitter compounds for
~,>roteccion frond animal predation.
(}-1 C3oth are produced by the male parent.
~ 7. Which of the. following <rrgauisms appeared
earliest on F,a~th`r
(~\) Ferns
(~} I~OtiS(;5

22. bacteria play au impc~rtxnt role in the fixation of (C) F~ui~gi

nitrogen by conveiY~m~ atmospheric nitr~a~en iz~[o (~} BacCeria
(E~ Lichens
(A'} DNA
tB) oxyger'i 28. Which of the following represents the urn mat bath
(C) ammonia of blood flow in man~mnls7
(D) a hydrocarbon
(L) are amino acid (A) Lungs, sight a[riurn, left atrium, right
ventricle, left vent7icle, aorea
?3. Charactuistics fo~m~ in fungi i~~clude all of[he (B) Right an-ium, Jm~gs, left atiium~ rigl~[
following EXCEPT ventricle, left ventricle, aorta
(C) Right atrium, lungs, left aEtrium, left ventricle,
(A) asexual re~roductioi~ right ventricle aorta
(B) cell walls cUmpi>sed of chitin (ll) RighC atrium. right v~ntncle, lungs, lift
(C) presen~c of m~mtirane-bound organelles av~iam, left ventricle, aorta
(D) ~ro~u~ti~i~ of spores (E) Left afnum, left ventricle, lungs, right atrium,
(E) pr~d~ction of weed-containing fruit right ventricle, aorta

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46
 ~.
29. Which of t~3e falio;uing Fs the ~r~p~rt~ <>f C (~
that teacis scientists to lint: incEeasir~g C'r}, Levels
- i7~arni~rals?
witPi global warming?
(A) CO, is a relatively dense gas, and i~i~her
levels cause the ahnosE~P~ePe to thin and
distribt~Ye more of d~~e equatorial heat
to hrgher Iatit~a<3eti.
(B} C'O, is ane of the greenhouse g~~ses, and
higher levels keep some heat trap}~ed in
Earth's atmosphere.
(C) CO, molecules react chemically with gases
in the ozone. layer, thereby destroying the
ability of these gtases Co block ri~ost of the
Suds harniful radiation.
('D) Cp, is the pro€luct of combustion and s~~sutrs
WFirnarily from forest fares that have treated
F,art~i's atmosphere.
(E) CO, transmits radration, urid increased CC},
in the upper atmosphere will enable more
sPron-wave radiation to reach Eartll's
sw f<lce.
30. A man in his e~a~ly twenties Ic~trns [hat Psis f.,tf~er
has been dia~noscd with Huntingt~~n'~ d~5ease.
This mire disc tse is caused by a dominant allele
dnd utivally dies not manifest itse(t until middle
age. "Phere is n<~ history of the. disease in the.
you~ig man's' mother's family. What is the
probability chit the yawn; mars mill devela~
the syn~~toms of the disease when he is older'?
(A) 0°I-
(B) 25~9a
(C) 50`%;
(D) 661:.
(E) 75%.
31. Which of the foliowi«~ horn~~bnes rz~ulates water
conservation in the t7um~t~T body?
(A} I-'ollicle-stirnalatir~g he>rm.>ne ~~ SIi}
(B} Insulin
(C) Pr~lactin
(D) Antidiuretic hormone(AUH)
(E) Oxyeoci~i
Unauthorized copyEng or reuse at
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32. th111icit of t~;e 1aEtowtz~g w~*uia ~3e € l:r`~~'~ u~et~~I
in c<}nst~ucttrt,_= a pl~}~)c>zeri~~ic true a1 the.
(A) Tl7e, fossil record
(i3} Nudeotidc sequences
(C) Amino aad vegiEei~ces
(U) Tooth sCiucture
(1) i~ietrry requireinei~ts
33. A factor ~ssaciated with the o~enin~ ut stomat~~ is
the moven~enr n[ potassium iar~s into t3~ie gu~u~d
ce(Is. Hau do entering patatisiu~7t ions iffect
guard cells?
(A) They promote the moven~~nt of water i~~to
the cells by osmosis.
(F3) 7fiey cause tlic guard cells to slur ink, opening
the stomaCa.
(C) They maintain tl~e osmotic integrity of the
cells.
(U) 'Chey disruh[ ehe normal function of the
plasm~~ membrtines.
(E} They activate water dlanne.ls iii the plasma
membranes.
34. Which of the foEJowina is tV~e hest d~sia-iption of
lymph?
(A) Lymph contiists- of red and whrii~ bEocd ce1Ls,
platelets, and ~~lasma contained i~'i lymph
vessris.
(13) ] yiz2ph co~isists of erytY~rocyt~s that have
leaked oaf of biooci vessels' a7id bathe bodv
cells.
tC'} Lymph contai~~s ant~h~stamne~ thaC are
important ir~i figt~tin~ bacterial irifectioFis.
rD) Lymph consists of interstieiaE fleiid re-
collected into Iymph vessels from €E~e
sp~2ces between body cells.
(~) Ly~7~p}~ is ~r~aduced at specific sites called
lymph nodes.
rG~ ~~ Tt:P ~"Fi~ ~&~X7 3~~GE
I~—~ ----------
d~
 I31t}~,~6tn~'-~/1!~ '~`~3'~`—C'errztir~€~ecP
dil'ferin[
o~~~e 3%. Wl~ic.1~~ of[hc foliov,~in~ petit des'cr~b~s
35. In [he illustrations below, anim<,Is wiEh allcleti oi' a single ge~ic7
opcnin~ to the d!~*esti~ c tract ~md two I~~yers a~
ustiue~5 include which of the foilowin~;? (A) 'Fhcy exhibiC an identical r~udco:ide E~rnse
SCy ULC1Cl`
j_ ing
91' ° (}3) 1'licy m i} code for relaeed ~rat~^ins afi~.ct
the same wait.
Ii. (C} "I'he~y cods for unrelated proteins aC dift~rene
j sites on the same chromosome.
sa~r~e
(T)) `I`hey occupy dificrent positions on the
chromoso~s~e.
ands
't (~) 1'h~y aicfonnd nn eomPlementarp.vt~'

lli.
~~ ~ of tl~~ same DNA motec uic.

the
38. the motit d n~~~uus zt5p~cc of the use of
€~ pc~ticidc DD'1 i5 that. it
(n) kills pl intti as well ~s insecu
"? ~ (B} accumulates in higher trophic tevals
1~'~
. 'G _' =~ ,,. (Cj leaches nitrogen from the. sc»1
~;,.~:`
^~ '~ (D) depletes the ~7zone laver
yam
,. ia
~~~`tr (E;) can be used as food by harmful hacter

Layers
~ `~ 3~3. !~e the botmdary bet~~eeu [wo miroc
of rock in I~aaCti's surface—the Cr~ta eeons
(A) I only
(B} II onl}~ and'Certiary ~eoloffi5cs have Sound a thin
ne
(C") fII oaiy layer of roe k enriched m ~ridiiml, aiti eteine
(I7) II ~~ncl IV thtf rs very i xrc on Barth Thf4 is pact of'the
iATS hCCi1RtC
(6} ITI and N ~V{(~CTYCC. SII~nC.SCiCT€T, T~t~Y CjIgOSh
crti~ict be~aase of
ct~etce in
3(i. A tree stands(meters hi~~h and ~ti 0.?E)
falls le ivin~* a sc<<r that is (A) the irn,~act of a n7ete<ir
diameter. ,~1 branch als'
d. In 20 years i'f[he (B) larair~ fut~etior that uas irtferi~i Eo n~samm
6.90 rnetu above the aroun ng
(C'j a c(irnnte chance that hrought h~ezi
tree rs 36[peters high. that Scar «ill be hciw far
temperatures to [lie Nortl~iern E~len~is~here
from the ground?
Q7} extensive flooding fFom n~cltii~~ ire caps
(A) f 8.(}Q meters TllC CtLllS€%c'~ her ll FlllSt!$1
~~-) a C~ISCLlSC l:~JtdeY
~I'3~ 12..O~ tF7CIf'FS RitC~pOT~ililf tili}5

~(~~ ~.~U C71CllTS

(D} 6.00 me tors
(F} (}.9O meter

C"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ /
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B3I~~,~GY-E~ 'YES''—Corzt~iruaecl

40. Whreh of the foIlvwing xcia~tauons i~~ vertebrates
enab}ed them tQ c<iioni~e ~ar{y terrestrsaI
enWiraiunents tuceE~ssftElly?
(AJ Lungs, eff9cient I<i~neys, amniotic eggs
(B) Ovaries and testes, wir7gs, fow~~-chambered
heart
(C) Bacl<bone, teeth, v,~ater~rooP skin
(Dj Binocular vision, closed circulator} system,
Iungs
(E) f~fficient ki~incys, four-ck~ainbered heart,
scales
41. In humans, color-blindness is a recessive, sex-
linked trait A woman with normal color vision,
evt~ose father was Colo€-blind, marries a man with
i~~ormal color vision. What E~ercentage of their
sons will probably be color-P,~lxnd?
(A) 0%
(B) 25°Ic
42. Vdlitt[ world roose likely occur if .tn ~Eaanism is
h~rnc~yyg~us for an a11eFe that e»cudes a detective
cligettive eivyme'?
(A) More enzyme m~lecuies would b~ produced
to compensate.
(B) Anotf~er gene would synthesize the normal,
functional enzyme.
(C} The organism's home~sfaszs would ~e
compromised.
(D} 1'he organisn7 would be n~orc: susceptible
to mtiitations.
(E) The evolution of the organism wiU~~ this
defect would progress at a faster rate.

(l7) 75%
(E} 100%

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 z'~s`~~—~o~ce~~e~t _m~~~`
k--,- ~~ot.~~~-~
4.4. The plate. was exami~red [he. followinn clay and
Qcaestioass a3-45
small coloi~~ie~s were gbserved within tP~e white
area of t}~~e~ penicillin treatment. Which of the
The results of an experiruenY comparing the effects
a following is the ~iesc exp(~r~ati~>n fur this new
of four antibiotics o~i the a~owth of a strain of bacteri
growtPi7
are shown below. The bac[eri.~ were ;grown on
nutrient agar.'The amount of antibiotic is the same on (A) `I"his strain of bacteria grows well on all types
each paper disk. The diagram shows the resoles afeer of meth.
one day. The areas of no growth ire white. ($j Penicillin is an i»effective antibigtic.
al
(C) Penicillin resistance is ~7resent in alt bacteri
strains.
fD} This strai~~ of bacteria co~ttained ~lasmids
that pi'amote growth in the presence of all
antibiotics.
(tip} The new colonies represent bacteria with
pea7ii illin rasistance~.

be
45. Which ~f the following in ~ petri clis(T wotild
the mast appropria€e conCrol for this experiment?
('A} t~Io aE~tibiotics, no bacteria, end no agar
(F3) A ~~~ixwre of ether antibiotics an paper disks
on nuU'ienc .agar
(C) Antibiu Yics, 6uY ~~o bacteria on differenC
riutri~nt agar
(D) Bacteria and a paper disk with nn antibiotic
on tP~e san~ie plate
(F.) }3t~cteri<i placed in the dark oi~ the same
Qnadra7rt 1 -Paper disk with StrepCc~mycln ❑utricnt agar
Quadrant ~ -Paper disk witl~1 EryChromy~ei~z
Quadrant 3 -Paper disk tivith'PeLracycline
Quadrartc 4 -Pater disk with Penicillin

43. Based a~ the results of the experiment, the hest

treatment to eliminate an infecCio~ witk~ this strain
of bacteria woetld be
(A) penicillin
(B) tetracycline
(C) streptomycin only
(D) erythromycin only
(E) erythromycin and streptomycin

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an
 '~
~I~~.,f~GS'-E/1l~I T~~"~'—E'orttinuecl

48. W~~ich ofi the fallowing is true abr~ut the

f~uestiasc~s 46-~9
difference in gene prodacts of sequences I ar7d II ?
Tl~e, following is a segaence of nucleotides found lit a (Aj Sequence II will produce a proleir~7 with
human gene. the same primary strucwre as ~ protein
produced by sequence I.
1. T,AG TnG AAA CCA CAA AU(r ATA
(B} Sequence II will produce a protein that
is ane amigo acid lodger than a proreirt
Individuals with a certain genetic condition ha~~e the
produced by sequence I.
following sequence at the same position.
(C) Sequence II will produce n protein with
XI. 1'AG 1'AG CCA CAA AGG A'I'A several different amino acids than a protein
produced by sequence 1.
(b) Sequence II will produce a protern t(~at is
46. 7'he letters A, T, G, and C represent much longer than a protein produced by
(Aj rmcleotides sequence I.
(B) amino acids (E) Sequence II will produce a protein that is one
(C) proteins amino acid shorter than a ~~rot~in prod~iced
(D) monosaccharides by sequence I.
(L:) phosphates
49. The mutation that led tb the difference between
47. "Che condition occurs only when a person has sec~uerce I and sequence TI is best d~scribe~i as
two copies of sequence II, which indicates that the which of the following?
a11e1e for the condition is (ta) Frameshift
(A) dominant (13) Sabstiriition
(B} recessive (L) Inversio❑
(C) sex-linked (D) 'I'ranslcrcation
(I~) codomi~ant (E} F~eletinn
(F} heterozygous

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45
 at
ing is tk~e ii~c~ependc~
5 t. Whrch of the follow experiment?
Questions 50-53 (manipul.~tect) variable in the
for germinatitro
e groups cif genninatin~ (A) "I~h~ n~maber of clays
In an experiment, fiv o~F (S) The number of cor
n seeds used
to determine tale effects
corn seeds were studied ds wa s (C) "Phe~ growth of the
rt~rtlieles
up of ten corn see
pH on growth. Each gro el (D) The pH used
h containing a gaper tow
germinated in a petn dis eou s (E) Thy t~emptrature
used
zmounL cif an aqu
moisPsned with an egaal
. All Petri distaes were g swt~etneat~ aboat eac
licle
solutio~i aY a specific pI~i 52. All of the foilo~vzn
he anei temperature arc true EXCEPT:
exposed to the same Tig trowth in the corn seeds
s of germina[~ion, the
con@itioe~s. Afrer five day the seed to proc~ide
ts} of utt seeds in a (A} Starch was digested in
radices (embryonic roo
The table shows the energy £or growth.
pH getup were measured. ted the germination
results from the experi~le
nt. (B} L7~zake of seater initia
process.
RYING pH ON THF~. s adequare for
THE EFFF,CTS OF VA (f') Th e ten~r~erat~re rased we
RN SEEDS in tfre seeds.
GERMINATION OF CO enzyme activity to occur
e pro ven to be
~~ __— (D) 'I"he corn seeds hav
Average metabolically active.
Radicle ht directly provided
(E) I.ow tevets of tig
Length germination.
Croup pH the energy needed for
t1s~d (cmj
Number (nre)
ing conditions is
4 3 $3. Which of Che follow
i_~ ment'?
co~ltroiled in the experi
~ ~.6 --~
__L5_~`~ ~-~ I. Light
_~
3 ~ 7 tL Temperature
)II. pH used
~ ~ 8 ~36 —__
r~—.,--.__—~f_ 28 (A} f onty
S ~ ]p
(I3) [I only
(CJ tII urtly
imal pH for (he radicle (,t>} I and II cmI}~
~Q From the data, the opr
n seeds is mist likely (Ej I, iL an<i IIt
growth of ger~ninaTeh ear
(A) PH 4
(E3} pF~i 6
(C) pH 7
(~) PH 8
(E) pH t0

i i

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questions 54-57
earthworrri. The cell
The diagram below shocas a terminal (e»d) portion of the nervous system of a segmented
bodies of the neura~s are arranged in groups, each of which is called a ganglion.

G<in~li~n I Cian~lion II Ganrliol2 Eti Gangti«n Iti

.--
~,
Central ---' ~---' `---~ `--=----0 '~
NCTVOLIS '__' ~ t t — ~ ~~Y ~

System ---~ -- ~~'` ----,

- _ _ ~ Synapse

~ ~v ~~ .~. Keeeptor
n p q s

Muscle—..
Skin --"
Segment 1 Segment II Seernent III

54. What effect would the destruction of ne~uon ri 56. If tl~e worn is touched at segment III and the
have on the earthworm? muscles in segment II respond, which oP fhe
following neurons must be involvec9 iri the
(~) The skin at segment I would not receive segment i1 response?
stitnuti.
(I3) The muscular movements at only segment I
would be stopped. (13) s, t, v
(C) The muscular movements aC segment II as (Cj w, u, v
well as those at segment X would be (L7) w, t, 9
stopped. (Ej 9, t, u, v
(D) Nearoi~ p would deteriorate.
(G} Neuron z would deteriorate. 57. If nearon y in ganglion IV were dest~~oyed, which
of Che following would bE the result?
S5. if the worm is touched at segment lll, tl~e muscles (A) Segment I could noC respond to t7 stimulus aC
i~t that segment contract. Which of the following the ski~~ of segment 1.
are fhe only neurons that must he invbh~ed in this (B) Segment I could not respond [o a sCimulus at
seimul~s-response action? the skin of segment III.
(A}q,r,s (C) Segment II could not respond tt> ~ stim~l~s ae
(S) q, t, w the skin of segmenC II.
(C) w, u, v (D) Segmectt II could not respo~~d (o a sfizz~ulus at
(D) n, ~, y, x, w the skin of segment III.
(I+;} ~~, r, t, u, v (E) Sebrr~ent III could not xesponci to a stimtidus
at Che sltin of segme~~t III.

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47
 ~~ ~ ~~~~.~~~.n~-ff;~l~ ~F..4~—~,'072tLB2LlG'L~

~67N5f10Fi5 J~~'r{B~

m is din~ammed below.
Si~cce5sian from bye ruck to mhture forest in a ten~estrial ecosyste

Mixed Woody Mature

Colartizing Pio~~eer'
Shrubs Forest
Species Species Herbaceous Plants

58. Which of the following ot~?anisms are mole likely 60. The terresCriat ecosystem rnosf Likely belones in
which of the following biomes?
tE~ be the first ec~lonizing species?
(A} Mushrooms (A) Tundra
(B) Lichens (B) Taiga (coniferous forest)
(C} Grasses (C) "Cemperate deciduous forest
(U) Slime molds (1)j Chaparral
(E) Phytoplankton (E) Desert

59. Which of the foliowin~ is the most logical

explanalion for why €he colonizing species
preceded the pioneer species in ttte ecolosical
'succession?
(A) When the colonizers first inhabited the
ecosysten~~, there was no[ enough sunlight to
support the pioneer spuies.
(t3j The soils were initially too acidic For the
pibne~er species.
(('} The. coloni~~ng species secreted chemicals
fhat inhibiYeci the growth of pioneer species.
(IP) The colonizing species made[he habitat more
suitable for the pioneer species.
(E) The colonizing species had to accumulate
enough mutauo~7s to become pione~ r
species.

1 ~ i i 1 ~
s1 I 1 i f`
1 ~ ,~ .. 'i 9' I' r' t 1 1 t i i
•. •

na
 89849BJiJV E ~~t d ~.J~ A

~i questions or~ stattmencs inunc~diaYeky fallowing

I}irecdons: Each set of lettered choices be[bw ref~,rs to the nw~nberi
gGcstion or hest fits each stntement and then fill in the corre-
it Select the one lettered choice that best answers each
niuee Iht3n Duce, or not at all in each set.
sponding circle on the inswer sheet. A chgice nay be ~a5~d once,

Questions 61-62
animal phyla. Selected nodes aye labeled.
71ie figure below represents proposed relationshi~~s among tl7e
Pn~ticra n
(sl~on ~esJ '~
~~
(mda~ is
(JC~~~~l1hc:S COfdtS, [i11CiTlO11CS~

CtCiIORh OCB
(C0111h )f'.~~ICS)

Piatyhc6n~mhes ~']
(11;atworms) ~~
'~O"°~~`~~"`~'~"~~ ~~
ANCES"LRAL PKO'1'IS'T~ M~~Iticellulasiry ~/~) Rutifcra ~~~
(Choanoflaeellnre?} (rotifers)
.~+...~m..~.~
!vematoda
(ram~dwonnsj

~~~ b4oitusca

Annelidti
~~,~ (sermemed worms)
Arthi opuda
lcrutit ~c eays'r~~'V~`
(~'-) insects. ~ nders)

1 c'P~ino<Icmiata
(~~ fnca ~Ctrs. .sea n~r_hin5}
~~~
Ch~~rdata ,~.y^
(~llilfGl4tlti. VCYfi'h(.1(cs) Rc-,~~

6l. Node that represents separation of Chose ae~imals

with no 4~ie [issues f'roii~i all others

62. Node where proCostomes are s~}~arated from

deuterostomes

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~~ PA~Ili-e~~"~~i'.~ 13~..~~~9.~1,~

or
nCs below is followed by flue suggested ai~swe~s
I~ireetioa~s: Esch of the quespuns or incoinptete stateme
to a laboratory or experimental sitaation. For each
com~tetions. Some gti~estions pertain to a set that refers oi~
the questipn and then 4'ill in the coires~~a7ding circle
question, select the one choice that is tl~e best tmswer tb
the ensurer s(~eet.
night
65. A particults species of flciwer bluoix~s at
6S. In vertebrates, the bony enclaskeletaix pexfortns strong
with large white petals that have a
which of the fallo~~ing functions?
fragrance. What wo~ild be the most probable
I. It proTects internal organs. pol}ir~ati~ig agent for the flower?
II. It serves as a site for mascle attachintnt.
(A) Moths
III. It serves as' a reservoir for calcium.
(A) Hummi»gbirds
(A) I only (C) Butter{'lies
(B) II only (D} Spores
(C) I and IIo~ily (E} Wind
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III 66. The forelimb of a baY is homologous €o the
forelimb of a pvr~erise, meaning that these.
fi4. Sexual r~produc[ion i~~ flowering plants results appendages
in which of the fotic~wina?
(A} perform the same funccic~r~ in both animals
(A) Crenetically identical offspring (B} are construeCed of bones bf the same size
(B) Increased variation in offspring and shape
(C} Redueed mutation rates in offspring (C} ca~~~ie fi'om widely seE~araCed evolutionary
(D) Ta11er offspring lineages
(E) Decreased photosynthetic output ii1 offspring (D) were inherited from a common ancestor and
subsequently diverged
(E) arose at tt~e same time in evolutionary Ptistory

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 saic[ to contain the.
68. 'I he Ilawaiian Islands arc
N~~niher of Se~urrrels ~r-nsoyhila of any
Year lamest nomb~r of species of
3 and biochemical studies
0(start) region o~~ Earth. Genetic
} the deticendents of a
~ suggest butt fhe species a~'e
28 c~lonizeci the islands
7 single fertilized female [hat
80 khc following are
3 millions of years ago. All of
d~iose Frndinas
likely to h3ce coatnbittcd Yp
e~ ted for a populatio❑
67. T ie lots above were co11 EXCEPT:
the course of 3 years.
of Squirrels in a forest over ~~~~) Volcanic eruptions and lava flo
ws freq~iently
resents these d.tta?
W}~~ich of The graphs below rep isol zte individual patchy s of veg etation.
are ver y dis tant from
~q~ ~ (B) 7'he Haw~ii~n Islanels
~, tree nearest contiaent.
il v h~v~ many plant
a.~ (C) 2'he Hawaiian Islands
on Earth.
s species found nowhere else
~aiian Islands ha.e
z V' (C)j The. fta~ests of tt3e Ha~~
identical species corripositian.
Tine (ye.:rs} the Hawaiian Islandti
(E} Weather patterns cause side.
to haue a rainy side and a dry
C~) r
AirstraCian p2a~rt a~e~
69. Thy seeds of a ceRain
ere to the feathers
covered with spines that adh
ant of the plant has
zf
'~ of seabirds. A rare colgr vari
viously unvegetated
begun Po flourish on a pre
of which of'the
Time (years) island. This is an example
following?
(~~
(A) AI[c>patric speciation
y (B) Adaptive radiation
~:~ (C;) Direr tinnal selecfian
z~~ (I)} Disrupt~we selection
(L:} The tc,undee etC~t
Time dyears)

~~' ,' E
z.
T~rr,e tyca,s~

(F,) 1
v h
y
.c .

~~

'Time (years)

.~( PAG~
GC.~ C3~ $Q T4'$E hS~~
~~
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%0. The rite of bowth of this population is

f~uesfians 70-7'1
(A) exl,7onential
the
A population of Paran~ieciurri caudatunv has (73) acl~itive
fpllowing growtki carve on to loaart thmic sctt(e. (C') stepwise
(D) logistic
_ 100 (E) hyperbolic
se
s ~.
~ 71. The cibseived pattern of population increa
v I0 t that is
results from growth in an environmen
Us
w (A) de[eriorating
~~ 1 (B) patchy
(C) nonlimiting
E
(I)) linear
z 0 TO 2(7 3U 40
(E} unpredict~ible
Time (hours}

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" ''' 3~I~I~C)f~~'-I+' SE~~I~I~N—C'ant~irac~ed

~nestions 72-76

In a study of ecological succession, an ecologisC measw'ed the rates of phoCosynd~esis of seedlings bf [hree~ tree
species in pots in the laboratory of various 1igl~t levels. I`he results are shown in tl~e graph below. Field studies of
succession showed that bircP~ trees tended to colonize open are ~s first. Tl~e. resulting birch forests Tended to be
replaced by oak forests, and oak forests [ended to be replaced by beech i2~rests.

3,000
2,500
Y ~ 2,000
o. ~ 1,50U
~~"~ 1,000
v ~ SUU
C~
~ 0
~' ~-500
~-1,0(70

Light Intensity(joules/m=lsecj

72. At very low light levels, afl spet'ies show a net 74. A birch seedling with three leaves pf the same
loss of CO, because sire was exE~c~sed to 200 joules/m' -/seca~~d o[
Tight. The toss or gain of C'Oz by the plant in one
(A) leaves are shed
(B} respiratory reactions are reversed hour- is closest t~ which of t}xe fol[owin~`7
(L) nitrogen limits plane growth (A) 0 n~tglcm~ leaf area
(U) r~spir~toiy losses exceed photosynthetic (F3) 300 mglent' - leaf area
gams
(C) 1,(160 mglcm'- Leaf area
(E) stc~rnates are cic>sed
(D} 2,OO(} m~/cnt'
- leaf area
73. A[ whic}~ of the following light intensities does (E) 3,Ot)0 mg/cm'- teat area
oak have a higher net rate pf COz uptake than da
either of the other two species?
(A) d jouleslm~/sec
(SJ SO joules/m'/sec
(C} IOOjQules/m~/sec
(U) 250 joules/m~/sec
(E) 35(7jotiiles/m~/sec

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53
 ..
r
-
~`antinr~ed
~' ~ ~$~~~.~~~a~' ~~~~'I~~—
y for obttlining
on is best 76. Att of the following are necessa2
75. Which stater~~ient about successi reliable data from thss expef'iment
EXCBP"I'
supported by egmp arin g the dat',a t~or the three
in the
specie~'' (A) holding [emperature constnat
labgratory
l~ig6e7
(A) Lace succession species have (B) keep ing illumination consistent among
the
maxirou~n rates of phot~~synthesis. three species in the: lairoratory
better able to
(Bj Late Succession species are (C) trimming the Laves ~o each
plant has the
photosyrithesire in shade. same leaf area
limited by
(C) Late succession species are (D) keeping the soil equally R~oist
in each pot
❑{cro~en. sz.
more seeds. (E} acing plti~xts that arc free of disea
(D) Late succession species produce
spec ies cast deep er shade.
(E) Early succession

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~uestians 77-Rd 77. Wl~iicli s[atcment is best su}~(~orted by die. Bats?

An experii~uent was designed to dexennine the
Cbxiciry of the wood preservative ~~entachlorophenol.
M~>squico larvae were placed in beakers oY water
containing different concentrations of
pentacl~loropY~enol.
'['he larvae were observed and the member alive
was detenni»eci at the beginning of the experiment
and after 24 hoti~rs. The percent of luvae remaining
dive after 24 hours is shown in the graph below,
which represents the average of 3 replicates of~
each treatment.
I CK1
}
75
d (E) survival measurer~~ients
'>
~ 50
(A) 1~'entachlorophenolistoxic to mosquito
larvae, even in very small amoimfs.
(B) Pe~ttachlorophenol is lethal to all aquatic: lite.
(C') Pentaehloroplie~ol acts by blocking cell
respiration reactions.
(D) F'en[achlorophe~nol ~ireserves woad by killing
fungi and bacteria that cause decay.
(L,j Thy toxicity of pentachluroplieuol is
iirveEsely proportional to concentration.
78. 'Yh~ experimental desi~i includes alt cif the
following EXCEPT
(Aj n~rtzltiple trials
(I3j a control ~opnlaei~n
(C} dose ei'fect
@) biaiogieal magnification

`~ 2>

16
Pentact~loroph~nol Concentration
(ire parts per million, ppin}

Gd 64~dTC}TF4~ t3EXT PkCaE

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55
 -.
'~~
~~ , bBl&..~l~s E -Ai ~~~,1 ~6./1~—Cf}121tnued

80. Using only a concenUation of 16 parts der million,

79. The role of the be2ker containi»g U part's per
million of ~entachlorophenol is to a second study is done, c~>Ilecting data every l~om~
for 24 hours. Which of the following graphs best
(A) give as estimate of the nurriber of larvae that de~~icGs the expected oufcan~te~?
die without pentachloropi7e»of
(B) deCermine the number of l~irvae that become (A) ~ IOU
adults
(C} determine. whether wafer already contains
pentachlorophenol r
(II} determine U7e giawth rate of larvae in water a
(E} provide a supply of larvae to be used in later ~~ 00 12 24
experiments Hours
(B) y 100

m
r

(7
Q l2 24
Hours
(C} „ 100
r

a
~0 12 24
Hours
(D} ~, 10(3

~ l~ ^ A

O ~L ~Y

LOUIS
(E) ~, 100

y
r
i
(}
U 12 24
Hours

S
your work on ttre
If you finish before time is called, you rr~ay check
entire Bioiagy -E lest.

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~f yoea are tall~ireg the F3ic~Eogy;'VI test, eont€ncae ~vitfi~ questions $1-1.0€x.
~e seise fa start Bhas ~~c4isrn csf'the test by ~ITiQ~ ia~ c~rc[e &B asap geaa~r ~nscver sheet.

llirections: Lach of the questions or inanriplete statements below is faltowed by five suggestl answers or
c.orr~~le[ions. Some questions ~crtain to a set that refers [v a labo~~tory or experimental situation. For each question,
Select 6he one choice that is the best answer ro tlse question and khen Cll in the cozre~sponding circle on Che answer sheet.

A1. When plant cells an placed in a saltwhte7
solution, tl~e volume of[he cytoplasm decreases.
Which of[he following is the best explanation for
this observation?
(n) Cytoplasm leaks out through the celt wait.
(~) The organelles in the cytoplasm sre desu'oyed
as the salt enters the. ce~tl.
(C) The water, especially In the vacuole,(eaves
tl~e cell.
(D) Water frUm ciutside the cell fills the space
between the cell wrali az~d tha p€asrT~a
membrane.
(E) The nucleus explodes arsd therzfore takes up
less space in tYie cytoplasm.
82. Iii fruit flies, the allele fur red eyes is dominant
aver the ~Ilele for sepia eyes.'Phis [raiE is not sex-
1tnked. If a htterc~zygous red-eyed fniit t7y m~Led
with asepia-eyed fruit fly, what percexlta~e of t~h~
offspring woald have sepia eyes?
(A} 0%
(I3) 25%
(C} 50%
(B) 75%
(I) 100%
84. The secondary and tertiary structures of a protein
molecule are ultimately dae to which of the
fallowing?
(A) fihe length of the m12NA molecule being
transcribed
(F3p A groin of ceEls specialized to alter proteia~
shape
(C} A special cellular organelle tF~at fits a ~roi~in
to its fnnc[ion
(E77 "i`he ptirnary structure fami~o acid crrderJ of
the protein mc~Eecule
(E} Fonic bc7n<3s e~ ttrin the ~pzcific arninc~ acrd
try~tophan
ADP + phosphate ~ ~kTF
&5. Which of the foltuwin~ biological processes ~uoul<1
provide the energy Poi the reaction above?
!A} The s}+nttlesis of }proteins from amino acids
(Bj The combination of glycerol and fatty acids
to form a fat
(C:;) 'The combination of glucose and fructose to
form sucrose
(F?} The hydrolysis of protein to amino acids
(E} The oxidation of ~Jucvse

83. An unidentified liquid is isolated from a sample of 86. Hqw many ciiff`erent types of ga~~etes can be
ground-up bean seeds. When the liquid is added produced by an individual who is heterozygous
tb a test tube of water and shaken vigorously, the for each of three different genes (e.g., AaBhCc),
wafer and the unknown liquid separate into two each of which is located un a different
Iayers after x few minutes. To which class of chromosome?
biological macromalEculcs should thc~ unknown
(~) 2
tic~uid most likely be assi~nec3? (B) 4
(A) Carbol~ydr~tes (Cj 6
(Bj Enzymes (L)) 8
(() Lipids (E) !(i
(D} tiudeic acids
(E} Proteins

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57
 ~`.
t~ " ~~e~~,t~~~-~vt sN~'rzo~t—~o~c~~~~a
fi7. In inter~hase, DNA is observed in which of the
following forms? c
0
j
(A) Chn'omosomes aligned at the metaphase plate
v
(B) SisCer chromatids attached to spindle fibers a
(C) Chromatin
(D) Teteads
(E) Bivalents C

88. The rate of exchange of nutrients and water

bet~~e~ttn a living eukaryotic cell and its P~
environment is a function of which of the
following properties? 91. TPze ~+raph above shows the rates of reaction o~f
two enzymes(X anc! 3~ at varying pH levels.
(A) The ratio of sur[ace area to volume of the cell
Which of the following statemer~[s is the best
(B;) The number of chron~iosomes
interpretation of this graph?
(C) The race of DNA transcrigtiE>n in the cell
(D} 'I he mass of[he Celt (A) Enzyme X klas an optimal pH ~~f 6.
(E} 'I he number ot` organelles in [h~. ceEl (B} Enzyme X is active €aver a broader pH range
Chan enz~rmc Y.
84. Nc~r~disjitnction during meiosis typsealiy rzsutEs iix (C} The t~ptiinat pH for enzy~7Te Y is ~.
(D} Both enzymes X and Y arc active between
(A) gametes containing an extra chramasume
pH 5 and pH(.
(I3) gametes having identical DNA
(E) Enzyme Y works better thsn enzyme X at
(C') offspring lacking genetic variation
higher tempt ratures.
(D} cells unable t~ carry c ut DNA replication
(E) circalar chromosomes
92. WE~ich of the foitowing is a function aY lip4~s`7
90. Which of the following cornbinutions of parental (A) Active transport of ions
genotypes is LEAST likely produce blood type U (R) Long-term energy storage
offspring'? (C) Oxygen trai~s~brt
(I)} Transeriptio~~
(A) 1~'i sn~ Y~i (E7 DNA replication
(B) /~i and ii
(C'} ii a~i~ I'~1~
(Dj Iar~ andl~i
(E) I^i and ii

a s i
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58
 ~€~~,t)€;Y' "~~ ~i~;~;'~'I~~t~d—C'oretiazued

(~uestioa~s 43-45

Radioactive amino acids were administered to the secretory

cells of dle ~ancicas of a guinea ~~~c. Cull s~n~ples were tl'ien
removed at various intervals of time rand analysed for
radioactivity in three parts of die c~lis. TPie results of the
experiment are presented below.

.a
>>, 6
> t
V L
C t
— ~ Secretory
"
x t ,- ~" Granules

'~, ____ E'ndoplasmic

e, `• Reticulum
a -'~~
"----- U«Igi Apparatus
~'i~ne

93. $aced opt the. restifCts of the experiment, which
of the foilawina mC~(ecules would most tike(y
CbRYilttl CriB C2d!02CCiV0 3R71itfl 0~7aS~~
(A) Phc~sphoiipici
(B} Ci~olestero3
(C) RNA polymerase
(D) Insulin
(E) DNA
44. 'I'I7e experiment was designed to answer which of
the following questions`?
(A} In u~haE way are cells fsarrtned by
radioachviry?
($} 'Through what pathway ~o protezns pass
en route to being secreted?
(C) In what cellular organelte is cholesteaol
inserted into tl~e membrane?
(D) In w11at cellular organelle are nud~ocides
polymerized to form nucleic acids`?
(E) WhaC is the final extraecllular destination
of molecules secreCed by the pa~xreas'?
95. R'hieh of the foilbwing cone~lusions is su~~rted
by the data obfninecl in the experiment?
(rk) The membranes of secretory colts are
assembled in the Golgi apparatus.
(F3} amino acids are incorporated info eh~
membrane of the Go7gi apparalirs.
(C'} RNA made in the nucleus is tr2nspbrted to
the endol,~it~sn~ic reticulnm, where protein
sv~~th~sis occurs.
(f~) Proteins synthesized o~ the endoplasmic
redcufunE are transported to the Golgi
apparatus, where they are packaged iz7ta
secretory vesicles.
~~=) Some m~~ roinolecules synthesized by the
pancreas ire secreeed intq the bloodstream,
and otlier5 are secreted into duct's leading to
tha smd11 n~testio~.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of

any part of this page is ~ilegai.
•IIC ~~J3'~'
59
 (£~
F

PnI6)I.~C%Y-~ ~uI;~TIf~I~i—~'OPLG7~lZiteC1

Qucsdons 46-47
with daily
A hospital patient suffering fi~om a chro»ic internal infection caused by zt htacterium was treated
of 12 days, with the result shown in the fieur~e
injections of tl~e a~tibioCic streptomycin (0.5 mg/n~L) over a period
below.

10'

10~'
m,
~ I ~s

E v t~;
z etas

f~
Day

96. How much more bacteria is present per mL 97. Which of the following conctnsions might be
of urine on day 12 ehan nn day 4 2 drawn from the data?

(A) 2 times as much (A) Ry day 8, the number of bacteria I~ad steadily
(B) 5 times as much declined.
(C} 10 times as mach (~3) Streptomycin caused a emetic mutation for
(D) 20 times as rnueh ~tnTibio[ic resistance that manifested itself
(B) 100 times as much nn about day 4.
(C.) IniCiaring trez~tment witPt an alternate
antsbioCic on day 4 or 5 would have been
ineffective in e}iminating the bacteria.
(Dj SC>me of tfie bacteria that caused the infection
were resistat7t to strep[~mycin.
(Ej By day 12, tE1e amount' of bt~icteria in Ehe urine.
hacl eeturned to normal.

r •' ~~~
Unauthorized copying or reuse of
any part of this page is illegal.

EO
 '~ _:
~~~~~~8~-~t s~,~~i~;~—E~o~tr,~~~~d
far the
~R. W~ic~h of the following pr'oeesses accounts
Questioe~~ 9~-IOQ presence of sugar in the beake r after 24 Fours ?

(A) Diffusion
(B) Active transport
(L) Pinocytosis
Seleelivety (D) Osmosis
Pzm~eable Bae (E) Absorption
rted
99. Which of the following hypoCheses is su~go
Distilled by this experiment'?
H2O (~} Only organic compounds can move across
semipermeable dialysis membranes.
(B) The movement of sugar requires the
Solution X was placed in a bag inane of expenditure of cellular enemy.
a selectively r~ern~eable dialysis membrane. TC~e (C} S[azch molecules ue sinallcr than lipid
bag was securely tied, rinsed oft with distilled ~v~Eer, molecules.
.
.uid then suspended within a 1ltrge tx~tker ~f distilled (D) Sugar is more soluble in water dean is starcta
a di~Eys is
water, as shown above. The c ontents of the bad and (E} The rttove~nenE of molecules across
6h~ beaker were t~titetl fo€ the, presence of sugar,starch
, fatentbsane depends on molecular sia_e_
Eipid, and prat:to aE the start of the e x~~€iment and
e
24 hours latr r."I'he volume of the bao i~icreased during F00. Corre>et statements ~ibout this experiment inclin
this tine. The results of these CesCs are presented in which of the fallowing`?
the gable below. I. There is a net movement of water from the
beaker into tY1e bag.
(r =present; — =absent) IF. Toward the end of the experiment,
Start' of 2A hours movement of sugar molecules across the
F,xpe7 invent Later membrane stops.
+ ~ + lII. Af~sr 24 hours, the solutions iii the bag and
Contents Sucar in the beaker are isotonic.
of Starch ~ +
Bag Lipid fi ~ + (r~} I only
Protein +~ + (t3} L[ only
~__ (C} I and III ~~nky
—
conceals sc,gar (D} ti and III only
of Starch — -~ (E} 1, II, and III
Beaker Lipid - —
Protein — —

~.>

•4 ~ :~s
r • ~s ,s

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6l
s ~tE~ :rFp'rC( r.. SAT SUP JCC ~ ~ C_-_ST ~,} i'EkiC -~ _Cain'

your
Whe1,i yon take an actual SAT Subject Test in Ecological Biology,
answer sheet will be "read" by a acanning machine that will record
your
your response to each question.. 'Phen a computer will compare
get
answers ~n7ith the correct answers and produce your raw score. You
lose
one point for each correct answer. For each wrong answer, you
you mark
one-fourth of a point. Questions you omit (and arry for which
ra~rr score is converte d to
more than one answer) a:e not counted. This
you specify.
a scaled score that is reported to you and to the colleges

c~r4~sh~~~ 1. Find'€r~ `dour F~a~ Vest S~~rre

STfiP 1: Tabte A on the fotloG~ring page Iists the correct ansuaers
that
for afl the questions as the Subject Test in Ecological Biotoay
you to
is regrotluced in this book. It also series as a ~:arksheet for
calculate ycur ravr score.
Compare your answers with those given in the fable.
= Put a check in the column marked "Right" if your answer is
correct.
is
a Put a check in the column marked "Wrong" if your answer
incorrect.

Leave both columns blank if you omitted the quesgion.

STEP 2: Count the number of right answers.

Enter the total here: _______

STEP 3: Count the number of wrong answers.

Enter the total here:

STEP 4: Multiply the number of wrong answers by .250.

`
Enter the product here:. _
you
STEP 5: Subtract the result obtained in Step 4 from the total
obtained in Step 2.

Enter the result here:

whole
STEP 6: Round the number obtained in Step 5 to the nearest
number.

Enter the result here:

The number you obtained in Step 6 is your roar score.

s2
 ctc~v~,-~ 1 /n~ S Abjzet P~>t - d'rrzr_°~ez ?r'st 1

~~b~~
P.-rzsvae:s fo the Sa~h}ecg Test ire ~calo~ic~ Hiotagg - d~racEEcu Test 1 cud PeYrcEntaye of SBrtttents Ans~s~erinr~
Stich Qiaesfian Correct?y

Question Correet Percent Answering Question Correct Percent Mswering

Number Answer Right Wrong Correctly' Number Answer Right Wrong Correctly'

1 C n~ J7 26 A 74
Z E ..
63 _..._27 _.D 83
_.. _.28 _._ ~
63
_.__..29 _.... _.g

4 E 48 71
5 ._. ._ __..30 _. _..0 _._.
B 55 62

6 E 58 31 D 64
7 _ A _....3~ _. _.._~ ._
~6 54
~ _... B ___ ..33 A
85 36
__..34 _....D
g ~ 68 Z9
... __ 6
____35
10 E 78 41

is A 85 36 E 52
__... $

iZ _ ~ 90 __._ 37 52
.... 13 _.... _ A __....3fl ..8
65 57
i4 _. _... C _._ .39 ___.A
__
78 83
___._4~ __A
is ~ 83 49

16 E 9i 41 C 4h
_...42 _.....0
17 E 87 49
__B
_. _.._43 77

qq F. 84
_._... ~5 ..__...D
20 A 92 75

21 B 40 46 A g~
___47 _..._B

_. 22 _. _. _. C 71 71
_._.. 48 _. _.... ~

23 E 86 76
Z4 _.. .__._ fig __. E _..
fi
96 99
_... 50 _._..0 _...._

25..... _ B 6Z 93

Ta6te A cotttinued on next page

63
 6E~?tOGY
't§iE Ck~6=iC~fi. SfiT SLiBJECi TBST STUDY `oU4~E:

Tnbfe a^ continued from previous page

Question Correct Percent Answering
Question Correct Percent Answering
Number Answer Right Vdrong CorrecflY"
Answer Right TNrang Correctty'
Number
D 7'7
65 6G
51 LJ 67 _.. S
82
52 E 54
6II _
30
53 D 55
6~ __..... E
35
54 B 62 h6
70 __ ~

55 C 83
Sa
61 71. C
56 B 72 __.. D _.
60
57 S 6~

B 55
58 74 _.__. C _.
67
t) 70
55 75 _ B
42
ea c ~~
76 C 6G
61 A 53
_.... _. A ._
73
38 _. ~~
62 D
D 62
73 78
63 E
R 60
85 79
64 B
B 92
60 80
65 A
took the oriyinai admvustration
answer sheets for a random sample of 4,1£ 8 students who
`These percentages are haled on an analysis of the r question. Hach percentage
used as an indication of the relative difficulty of a particula
ci this test and whose mean score was 67.E+. They may be e will answer correctly that question on tYtis
Subject Test in Ecological Biolayy candidat
may also be used to prnclict the liketihooti thaC a typical
edifion of this Ysst

Note: Answer explanations can be found on page 74.

~yL
 l3i~~~rr,y~ ~..7 run~«t Cyst- i ~ .,,, y~~rE

~~ ~~ ~
When you take SAT Subject Tests, the scores sent to the colleges you
specify are reported on the College Board scale, which ranges from.
700-800. You can convert your practice test score to a scaled score by
using Table B. To find your scaled score, locate your raw score in the
left-hand column of Z'able B; the corresponding score in the right-hand
co]umn is your scaled score. For example, a raw score of 21 on this
particular edifion of the Subject Test in Ecological Biology corresponds
to a scaled score of 450.
Raw scores are converted to scaled scores to ensure that a score
earned on any one edition of a particular Subject Test is comparable to
the same scaled score earned on any other edition of the same Subject
Test. Because some editions of the tests may be slightly easier or more
difficult than others, College Board scaled scores are adjusted so that
they indicate the same level of performance regardless of the edition
of the test taken and the ability of the group that takes it. Thus, far
example, a score of 400 on one edition of a test taken at a particular
administration indicates the same level of achievement as a score of
400 on a different edition of the test taken at a different administration.
When you take the SAT Subject Tests during a national administration,
your scores are likely to difrer somewhat from the scores you obtain
on the tests in this book. People perform at different levels at different
times for reasons unrelated to the tests themselves. The precision of
any test is also limited. because it represents only a sample of all the
possible questions that could be asked.

65
rc~~ orF~ck„~ sa su~.~Ec? TcsT s~uov c~;ro~: r~~c;{.ocY

'FahIe 33
Sealad. Scox~ Co~xversioFf Tabte
SuhjFCE Test 1n Eecriogacat ~iotn<c}r - Pa~actice Test
Scaled Score Raw Score Scaled Score
Raw Score Scaled Score Raw Score
p 320
80 II0~ 40 570 1 .........
__... _ 34 _..... _. _.
..
57Q 310
79 __860 Z 310.........
78._ _.. _. 38 _ _..
.....800 .560 3 _.. _. .........
_77 _.. _. 3'7._. _. .550.. _.
310
._.800 _. 4 _... .....
.76 _..... 3~ .... _. . .
550 300
.....790 _... 5 ._._... 3~.........
75 _.. _..
.....790 35 540 6 _..... ........
........ 3~ .. _. _..
..74 _
.530 300
.....780 __..... Z~...__..
73_. __.. 7
.....780 _.__. 33 530 _... .........
_72_ ___.. 32...... ..520.. _. ___ ~ 290
......770 _.. ~ __._ 280.........
7i_. _......
.....770 37 510 __.... .........
_.._.. ......
70_
516 _10 280
......760 30 _. _.. .........
. _.. _. z9._.... 500.
_11 280
69 .....760 .490. _.. _ .........
~8 _.... ._..
_i7, 270
.....750 28 _13._._... .........
.67.. ._..... 4~. ._. __.
Z7.__. 270
.....750 _... .__... .........
_ 6G .. _.....
..480 _14 260
......740 Z6 ___ .... _.. ._...... .........
__. _. 25 _.._ ..470.
_ 15 250
65_ . .....740 _. 230.........
fi4.. _..._. 24...._
..470 _16._._._
......730 Z3 _.... ..480. _. 17._...... 220____.
..fi3._ .
......720 220.........
.. ~Z _...... _18 ___._
......720 Z1.__. .450 . _. 210..__...
_._.. ~___. ..450. _.. _.
_61
_19 _.__..
_....710 .440. _.. _... Z~._. _... 210.........
.. _... 20._...
_
60 ......700
...5~ ...... . _......
700 19 .... .436 .
__..... ...._ .. .........
58 _ ......690 18 430
57 _ _ _.
.......690 17 _.. ..420 .........
__.... .410.........
_56..
.__..680 16 _ _ .........
....... ......... _. ..
55.
670 15 410
....... . _...... ..... .. .........
..54
670 t4 400
53. _.~Q ._... _.
13 390
....... . _. _... ._.. ... .........
650 12 390
_.52 ._... ... .........
___650.._._..
_51_ 380
ll
...... ......... ...370.........
_ .
50 640 10 37Q..........
_49. ..... __._.. g
..630 ...360.........
~$. ..._.. .._.....
630 8
....... ..... _3~... _....
7___
47 620 ._... ... .........
. ....... .........
46 610 5 350
....... ......... 5 .. .........

4y
._ 4a.
670
.......600._.__.
_.
340
.......
...340
59Q....... 3: ... .........
....
43 330
....... _.. Z _. ... .........
_ 336
e2 590
,. ........ .........
580 sza
 7iro!oryJ r~ /'i<;.Pr <i ';t T'tt1~h i l~:cl

After you score your test and analyze your performance, think about
the following questions:
I3id you run out of time befare reaching the end of the test?
If so, you may need to pace yourself better. For example, maybe
you spent too much time on one or two hard questions. A better
approach might be to skip the ones you can't answer right away
and try answering ail the questions that remain on the test. Then if
there's time, go back to the questions you skipped.
Did you take a long time reading the directions?
You will save time when you take the test by learning the directions
to the Subject Test in Ecological Biology ahead of time. Each minute
you spend reading directions during the test is a minute that you
could use to answer questions.
How did you handle questions you were unsure of?
If you were able to eliminate one or more of the answer choices as
wrong and guess from the remaining ones, your approach probably
worked to your advantage. On the other hand, making haphazard
guesses or omitting questions without trying to eliminate choices
could cost you valuable points.
How difficult were the questions far paa compared with other
students who took the test?
'Fable A shows you how difficult the multiple-choice questions were
for the group of students who took this test during its national
administration. The right-hand column gives the percentage of
students that answered each question correctly.
A question anstuered correctly by almost eoeryone in fhe group is
obaious(y an easier question. For example, 85 percent of the students
answered question 11 correctly. But only 38 percent answered
question 62 correctly.
Keep in mind that these percentages are based on just one group of
students. They would probably be different with another group of
students taking the test.
If you missed several easier questions, go back and try to find out
why: Did the questions cover material you haven't yet reviewed? Did
you misunderstand the directions?

si
 N4C1(.CJGY
Th'ff CyFFiC1A1._ ~;J~~~~ SGcJECt`7ES1" Si(J&1Y GU~C)E-

Ntoiecular Biology, your

When you take an actual SAT Subject Test in
ne that will. record
answer sheet will be "read" by a scanning machi
wi11 compare your
your response to each. question. Then a computer
raw score. `Iou get
ansviers with the correct answers and produce your
answer, you lose
one point for each correct. ansN7er. For each wrong
any for which. you mark
one-fourth of a point. Questions you omit(and
score is converted to
mole than one ansvaer) are not counted. This raEv
colleges yon specify.
a scaled scare that is reported Co you and to the

ca¢~k~Fac~~~ 1. Fir~~Si~ay'~c~ur i~avv ~'~s~ ce~~e

correct answers
STEP 1: Table A on the following page lists the
in iVZolecuIac Biology that
faz a:i tkre queefions ~n the Subject Test
worksheet for you to
is repradnced in this beak. It also serves as a
calculate your rava scare.
table.
Compare your answers with those given in the
answer is
e Put a check in the column marked "Right' if your
correct.
answer is
Put a check in the column marked "Wrong" if your
incorrect.
question.
Leaae both columns blank if you omitted the

STEP 2: Count the number of right answers.

Enter the tol<il here:

STEP 3: Count the number of wrong answers.

Enter the total here:

by .750.
STEP 4: Multiply the number of wrong ans~rers

Enter the product here: ____,~

from the total you
STEP 5: Subtract the result obtained in Step 4
obtained in Step 2.
Enter the result here:
the nearest whole
STEP 6: Round the number obtained in Step 5 to
number.

Enter the resu;t here:

raw score.
The niunber yon obtained in Step 6 is your

sa
 !:ilOI6C3 r..-~i[t%~itc l'C --1'r ~ti 24f '.

z =,~~
jai Stitxera#:>.:iF ..:reris?y
C~saS~rz~=rs tc fi':.e-',~~3;~ct `ir,vt in. p~oxee asar??icfi:~gy - Pr.~. ~ ce'Test: 1 and Yz*ce~tasze
C-:<sc4,. ~,z;>~,tS~, C.r~nzecRty
Percent Answering Question Correct Percent Answering
Quesflon Correct
Correctly" Number Answer Right Wrong Correctly`
Number Answer Right Wrong
mow„,..,,.,,„~ _, „r ,..~m.,.
89 26 A
_.... ZJ _...... n __....... ___. _ _ ~~ ___....
Z. _...... E... _..
77 A5
_. R......... _. z~ _.. ~ _....._
3 _.
gq 73
E 29 _....... B _...
4.........
63 73
~...... _. 30 _....._ C _. _.... _..
,. _......
63 64

~, ~ 61 31 D 75
4........ _... 3 _....._ E _...
'__.....
55 58
_.. 33 A _.... _.
g D E9 47
_.. D _....... ..
..... _. C
9
10__... ........ _....
71
_...
34
35 _...... D _. _..
z6

93 46
E
_...- ....__—...__~ —__..__.._
84 36 E 59
11 37 _...... _
12. _.... C._.. _. B
89 62
'3__.. ......_ __ _... 3fl _....... $ _._
A 56
Qi6
.. _.... _...... 39 __ ~ __....
....._
7B 84
14 C _...._
....... .... 40 _ ~
C
ga 53
15

94 41 C 57
lEi E _.....
....... _.. Z _. C
93 57
17 4 _..... _.
18. _.... p........ _.. ~
67 Sl
...... D....... _. a4 _.._ E
85 87
i9 _.__.. __... _...
45 D 79
20...... A .. _.. 96
._._- 21--.__B__—____— --4fi—-- A ---~---
A9 BS
___.. _.
_ r _ _
~~ 47 B 80
zz __._. E _.
Z3._... E__.... __ __ ~a _._
88 84
_.. _.__. F __ __.
_.... .. _..
A 92 _. 49 82
24 _. c _...
...... .... _. 5~... _.
74 95
25 B

T¢6ie A continued on next page

65
 irjF; 131 1 ,E',=t>
~('F4 L7r"r`:CtAL SAS S.3€3JEC77ESl"~s~!}C7+=l

Table A co~~5nued from prei~rous page

Question Correct Percent Answering

Question Coiiect Percent Answering
Answer Right Wrong Correctly'
Right Wrong Correctly' Nuriiber
Num6ec Answer
9 P 54
El9 fl6
51 D ~7 ..__._ C ..
77
E 60
52 II8 _... _.. A ...
82
D 67_
53 89 ... A
81
B 71
54 _...... C
._
8E
a~ 9~
55 C —.D.— 8a
_. 91

D 71
56 _.. gZ ......._ g _ _
92
B 77
5? ....__. D
_ ~
Si
54 93
5g S 94 __.__ ~ _ 6:
_._

D 77
59 . _. 95 ._. _... U
70
C S1
60
C 88
S6 96
81 C ..... 97 ...... ._.
D
53
C 8F3
82 . _.. 94 ..,... A ._......
82
C.. 85
H3.... ._ ...... ~ ..
78
64 99
84 D .... q ...
51
~+6 100
B5 E

took thn oeiginal adminishation c~f~ thio

answer sheets foc a random samnle of 8,4~:5 students who
`These percentages axe based on an analysis of the par6culas Guestioc. Each percentage may also be
an indication of the rela5ve difiFcculCy of a
teS~Y and whose mean score v✓as 6,5. They maybe used as coaecHy that uuestian cr,t}u edition of this test.
Molecular Biology eandid<rte will answer
used to predicC the likelihood thaf, a typirzt Subject Tes£ ixt

Note: Answer explanations can be found on page 74.

~a
 ~fro~~iy7.~4SiI1E~r i~st Y cCci=T"ry,fl

When you take SAT Subject Tests, the scores sent to the colleges you
specify are reported on the CoIIege Board scale, which ranges from
200-800. You can ccnvert your practice test score to a scaled score by
using Table B. To find your scaled score, locate your raw score in the
left-hand column of Table B; the corresponding score in the right-hand
column is your scaled score. For example, a raw score of 21 on this
particular edition of the Subject Test iri Molecular Biology corresponds
to a scaled score of 450.
Raw scores are converted to scaled scores to ensure that a score
earned on any one edition of a particular Subject Test is comparable to
the same scaled score earned on any other edition of the same Subject
Test. Because some editions of the tests may be slightly easier or more
difficult than others, College Board scaled scores are adjusted so that
they indicate the same level of perfarrnance regardless of the edition
of the test taken and the ability of the group that takes it. Thus, for
example, a score of 400 on one edition of a test taken at a particular
administration indicates the same Level of achievement as a score of
400 on a different edition ot` the test taken at a different administration.
When you take the SAT Subject Tests during a national administration,
your scores are likely to differ somewhat from the scores you obtain
on the tests in this book. People perform at difterent levels at different
times for reasons unrelated to the tests themselves. The precision of
any test is also limited because it represents only a sample of all the
possible questions that could be asked.

7i
"r"riE 6=FK;tfit .sAt 311i~,1E-tT E(ST .`-,'i-Us3 C~Ip~:'>~C[. ~,^,f~Y

~~.~Gz'..3G'5':$

Sr;,^a3eu' ;..icc~re C`ot~>rersfE:~t'= ~7:b?t

c:}~j~.ci T2sY r,. f~Ac.•,E2cu~as ~3inPogy - Ptactacu~ Te<,t
Raw Score Scaled Sec.e Raw Score Scated Score
Raw Scaxe Seated Score
4p 570 U 320
80 B00 560..... 1 _. _... .........
_. _.. 3~.... _
310
79 _ A00 .. _. _.. 560..._ _...._. .........
_... _. ___ Z
R 310
7C _.800 550._.. .........
77... _. 37 _.
370
...790 540..._ ... _. _ _... .........
76.._. _.. fi _.......
4 300
...790 __. 5 _ .........
.. 3, 5~.__
300
7~ 780 530..... ...... _. _ .........
34
6 290
94 _ _78Q 3.__.... 530..._ _.. / _. _... .........
_.. 290
~3 _ ~~o- 290.........
... J~...... _. 520..._
.__ g
72 770 510.... _. 2.80_.......
.71.... .. _. }l __... __..
g
...760 5I0._.. _.... ........
.. _.. 30
10 280
7~i 750 . ll ..
bo... _. 29 _ _ _ _. _.
500 280
...750 __.... 12 _....... .........
._. 28 _.. _...
5GG __ 270
68...... ... 740 /.._..... 450... 13 _.... _. .._._..
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270
67 _ ...730 ~0.... __.. 14 ..._ ..._....
_. .... _.. 26 __.__ 260
66 _ ..730 240___...
_.. _. Z,.___.. _.__ ._15 _.__.
65 __ ...720 a80 240.........
Z~... _.... 470.... 16 ___..
64__ . ...710 _. 460.._ _.... _. .........
_.. Z3 ....... _._
17 230
63 ...710
a zao
62._.. ...700 450... __ 1~ _._. __....
61...... Zi _.....
210
_69~ __. Z~._...... 446.... Z~ .........
200
60 ...690 _.. t ~......... ~Q.....
59 .. 680 n3~.........
_.. 18 ___...
58 ...680 _.. 420._... _.
17

56.... ..... 16.__....

....660 c20
LS _ __...
55 .. 660 -^.1G

54 ....650 is 4ao
_.... 13._..... ........
53 ....650 390
_.. _. __. _..
52._. ._.640 _. 12 390
11.. _... _.
51 630 _. 380
lo _ ..
50 _. ...630 __. 370
370.........
_. 9___._
49 .. ...620 360.._._..
48..... __.. fl.___..
._620 ;..... _. 350__._..
47 ...610 _. 6 _. _.... .........
_. _.
46 ....600 350
5 ......... .........
45 600 340
44.... 4 ......... .........
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 ri u~ic~ t r :~"+rn t l.:ai _ F orr r 'r:s~ 7

~ ~ ~~ ~

After you score your test and analyze your performance, think about
the following questions:
Did you run oufi of time before reach4ng the end ofr the test?
If so, you may need to pace yourself better. For example, maybe you
spent too much time on one or two hard questions. A better approach
might be to skip the ones you can't answer right away and try
answering all the questions that remain on the test. Then if there's
time, go back to the questions you skipped.
Did you take a Iong time reading the directions?
You will save time when you take the test by learning the directions to
the Subject Test in Molecular Biology ahead of time. Each minute you
spend reading directions during the test is a minute that you could use
to answer questions.
How did you handle questions you were unsure of?
If you were able to eliminate one or more of the answer choices as
wrong and guess from the remaining ones, your approach probably
c^corked to your advantage. On fhe ctr~e: hand, making haphazard
guesses ar omitting questions without trying to eliminate choices
could cost you valuable points.
How difficult were the questions fesr you compared with other
students who took the test?
Table A shows you how difficult the multiple-choice questions were
for the group of students who took this test during its national
administration. The right-hand column gives the percentage of
students that answered each question correctly.
A question answered correctly by almost eoeryone rn the group is
obviously an easier questiott. Far example, 84 percent of the students
answered question 11 correctly. But only 54 percent answered question
86 correctly.
Keep in mind that these percentages are based on just one group of
students. They would probably be difrerent with another group of
students taking the test.
If you missed several easier questions, go back and try to find out why:
Did the questions cover material you haven't yet reviewed? Did you
misunderstand the directions?

t3
 Y
t`rie Gf-r`4CiAC. SF:"t" SJE~..;'c'C~~ 7cSi" S7UU" GJ;i~ E: Bt-Ji_{~G

~ ~~a~~
~~r ~~~~;~~~: ~~st ~
~2u~~t~~sr~ 1
ane-
Choice(C)is the correct answer. Mitochondria are membr
includ ing plants
bound organelles found in eukaryotic organisms,
ane-bound
and animals. Prokaryotic organisms do not have membr
organelles.

in cells of
Choice (E} is the correct answer. Ribosomes are found
yotes and
ali living organisms. This includes Celts of both prokar
eukaryotes (including plants and animals.}

cellulose are
Choice(A)is the correct answer. Cell walls containing
that while
found in plants but not is animals or prokaryotes. (Note
have cell walls
there are some unicellular eukaryotic organisms that
containing cellulose, that is not given as an option.)

~ ~ ~
the cytosol is
Choice (E)is the correct answer. In all organisms,
includes
contained within the cell or plasma membrane. This
animal s.
prokaryotes and eukaryotes such as plants and

EdE:S$!OC{
blastocyst (an early
Choice(B} is the correct answer. in mammals, the
opment continues.
embryonic stage} implants in the uterus, where devel
males. Implantation
The epididymis and testes are structures found. in
gestation. The
in the oviduct does not normally result in successful
ovary releases the egg before fertilization.

typically
Choice (E} is the correct answer. The mammalian testes
enters
produce sperm (spermatogenesis) from the time the animal
with
puberty until its death. Gametogenesis in the ovary ends
fertility in some other
menopause in humans and a similar cessation of
structures listed.
mammals. Gametogenesis does not occur in the other

~~E~SfiiC}~3 ~
occurs in
Choice (A)is the correct answer. Fertilization in mammals
the Fallopian
the oviduct. In humans, the oviducts are also termed
testes) is not
tubes. Fertilization in the male structures (epididymis and
Fertilization in
passible. The o✓ary releases the egg before fertilization.
ion.
fhe uterus does not normally result in successful gestat

i.
Choice ([?} is fhe copr~ct answer. If indiaiduals choose mates based on
a phet~otyoic trait, mating is not random, so condition t`7 is not met.
The other conditions are not a£~ected.

iJ~S~'t~JCl
Choice(C)is the correct answer. If a ne~~ nucleotide sequence appears
in the gene pool, there is a new mutation, so condition C is not met.
The other con3itions are not a$ected.

~t1~'S$bC3Pi ~~
Choice(E)is the correct answer. Ii individuals with certain genotypes
exhibit dii~erential survival, they are better adapted to their
environment and thus are experiencing natural selection, so condition
E is not met. The other conditions are not affected.

Choice(A)is the correct answer. Mainland species are more likely to

become established on islands closer to the mainland (A and D). The
island that is largest likely has more available niches, making option A
a better choice than option D.

~RkE'~~9Cl~ ~~
Choice(C} is the correct answer. Island C is farthest from the mainland
and therefore is expected to have the lowest immigration rate of these
five islands.

(~~aeStiC}~ 13
Choiee ER)~s the correct answer. Island A is expected to have the Lowest
extinction rate because it is nearest to the mainland, with greater
opportunity for reintroduction of species by migration, and is expected
to have greater habitat diversity due to its larger size, allowing for
survival of specialized species.

(~lE~SCIf~~2 ~~
Choice(~)is the correct answer. Island C is farthest from the mainland
and also smaller than the other islands. The migration of species from
the mainland is less likely on this island than on the others, and the
number of available siiches is expected to be smaller due to the smaller
size of the island, so it is likely to have the smallest number of species.

~U~~~tC3#~ 1 ~
Choice(C} is the correct answer. Human mood is slightly basic and
generally ranges from pH 7.35 to pH 7.45. Of the options gsven, it is
cosest to pH 7.5.

7:>
I~NE ~PFil:tk3_ S~? SL`BJFC"t T"CST S'rlS~fY GUtE7~: E;~~LCJE~Y

~~~~t£bCk `~~Z
individual
Choice(E)is the correct arvswer. One way to determine if an
is heterozygous for a trait is to perform a test cross, which is to cross
es
it with a known. homozygous recessive individual. Option E describ
given to determi ne if the
a test cross and is the best option of the five
t
black guinea pig is heterozygous for fur color. Option A is incorrec
because there would not be any white hairs present if the black allele
ss completely dominant to the white allele. Option B is incorrect
difference
because the structure of the follicle is not responsible for the
the
in hair color. Option C is incorrect because chemically analyzing
e allele is
messenger RNA would not indicate whether the recessiv
present. Option D is incorrect because examining the chromosomes
in the salivary glands will not indicate whether the recessive allele
is present.

QULS~9C3(I "~~
Choice(E)is the correct answer. Crossing-over is the exchange of
pieces of chromatids from two homologous chromosomes during
synapsis of prophase I of meiosis. The exchange results in increased
l
genetic variation in the offspring by rearranging the genetic materia
inherited from the two parents. Options A, B, C, and D do not represent
an exchange of segments between homologous chromosomes.

19~5$iC3Yt '{~
Choice(A)is the correct answer. Endotherms generate heat from
external
metabolic reactions. Ectotherms are primarily dependent on
can have body
heat sources. Option B is incorrect because endotherms
temperatures that are lower than the ambient temperature. Option C
is incorrect because endotherms do not always have a higher body
rms
temperature than ectotherms have. In a very hot climate, ectothe
might have a higher body temperature than the endotherms have.
Option D is incorrect because some ectotherms have behavioral
methods of regulating body temperature, such as basking in the
sun. Option E is incorrect because endotherms can typically perform
vigorous activity for longer periods of time than endotherms can.

~t9~S$IOiI ~~
ed
Choice(D)is the correct answer. Incomplete dominance is exhibit
The offsprin g resultin g
by the pink flowers, which are heterozygous.
from the cross of two pink-flowered plants show the genotypic ratio of
1 homozygous dominant to 2 heterozygous to 1 homozygous recessive.
The homozygous dominant plants have red flowers, the homozygous
have
recessive plants have white flowers, and the heterozygous plants
do
pink flowers. The other options represent inheritance patterns that
not result in a 1:2:1 ratio.

7G
 ;3u 'ai7'~ P,QU ~rr1~ r c ~'e~t Pr~ar five 'Test 7

~CB~~$3C?~i 2f~
Choice(A}is 4he correct answer. The PunnetE square shows a cross
between two heterozygous individuals, both with the genotype Gy.
The genotypic ratio predicted from this cross is 1 GG: Z Gg: 1 gg. Sznce
green. is dominant, an individual with one or two copies of the dominant
allele, G, will be green; thus, the phenotypic ratio is 3 green : 1 yellow, or
25 percent yellow. There is no evidence to suggest that 25 percent will not
survive (option B), and the ratios in options C, D, and E are not correct.

@~~~$CC3Sl ~'E
Choice (BI is the correct answer. The molecule formed from one
adenine molecule, one ribose molecule, and one phosphate group is
a nucleotide. Amino acids (A) are comprised of a carboxyl group, an
amino group, a central carbon, and a side group, ATP (C) has three
phosphate groups, RNA (D) is composed of many nucleotides, and
DNA (E} is composed of many nucleotides with deoxyribose sugars.

Choice(C)is the correct answer. Atmospheric nitrogen must be

converted into a form that is usable by living organisms. Bacteria
convert the free nitrogen to ammonia, which is then converted into a
form that plants can use. It is not converted directly into IINA (option A)
or amino acids (option E), and it cannot be changed into other elements
(oxygen in option B, or carbon and hydrogen in option D).

~B.I~~~~Cb~"B ~~
Choice(E) is the correct answer. Fungi do not produce seed-containing
fruit. Seed-containing fruits are produced by flowering plants
(angiosperms). Note that this question is asking for the one option that
is not true: options A, B, C, and D are all characteristics of fungi; only
E is not a characteristic of fungi.

~IS~S~iQC9 ~4
Choice(A)is the correct answer. The symbiotic relationship that is
beneficial to both species is mutualism. In commensalism (B}, one
organism benefits and one is unaffected. In neutralism (C}, neither
benefits. In parasitism (DJ, one organisms benefits (the parasite) and
the other is harmed (the hostj. Likewise in predation (E}, one organism
benefits (the predator} and the other is harmed (the prey}.

~§~~~6~36~ ~
Choice(~)is the correct answer. The process of sexual reproduction
results in o$spring that are genetically different from the parents.
In multiceliular organisms, haploid gametes are produced in diploid
individuals via meiosis. Fertilization results when two gametes unite,
producing a new diploid individual. Option A is incorrect because eggs
and sperm can be motile or nonmotile. Option C is incorrect because

~~
 i H~ Gi~'=z::4 L 4~lit sU?..~r{;i TE:SI STUF ry C':.tEDE F'slCi.~()Gv

zygotes are formed from. the union ai tu~ro ganEetes, not by the process
of mitosis. Option D as incorrect because it suggests that the gamete
has 4 chromosomes total in two pairs making it a diploid ce1L Also,
each species has a set number of chromosomes which is generally
more than 4. Option E is incorrect because centrioles are not found in
ali multicelluiar organisms.

Choice(A)is the correct answer. Endosperm is a tissue found in the

seeds of most flowering plants that provides stored energy for the
developing plant embryo. Yolk is found in eggs and supplies energy for
the developing animal embryo. Option B is incorrect because plants
do not contain yolk. Option C is incorrect because yolk is not tripioid.
Option D is incorrect because neither functions to discourage predation.
Option E is incorrect because neither is produced by the male parent.

Choice(D)is the correct answer. The fossil record shows that prokaryotic
bacteria appeared on Earth before the other organisms listed—ferns
(A), mosses (B), fungi (C), and lichens(E)—which are all eukaryotes.
Lichens are unusual in that they are a composite of eukaryotic organisms
that consists of: an alga and one or more types of fungus.

::
Choice (D} is the correct answer. Deoxygenated blood. moves from the
right atrium to the right ventricle to the lungs, where it is oxygenated.
Then the oxygenated blood returns to the heart and enters the left
atrium. It then moves to the left ventricle, which pumps it out to the
body via the aorta. Options A fo D present the steps in the wrong order:

d.~LI~S$:1t~Pt ~~
Choice (B} is the correct answer Carbon dioxide is considered to be
a greenhouse gas, which is a gas that traps heat in the atmosphere.
Rising levels in historical and recent times due to human activities
have led to an increase in average global temperatures. Option A is
incorrect because COz does not thin the atmosphere. Option C is
incorrect because COz does not destroy ozone. Option D is incorrect
because forest fires are not the main cause of global warming. Option
E is also incorrect because increased CO,will not enable more
shortwave radiation to reach Earth's surface.

~~',~$iC>s~ 3C~
Choice(C) is the correct answer. Since the disease is rare, it is most
likely that the father is heterozygous. Since there is no history of the
disease in the mother's family, it is Iikeiy that she does not have the
deleterious allele. The young man, therefore, has a 50 percent chance
of inheriting the dominant allele from his father and developing the
disease. The remaining options give incorrect probabilities.

7f3
 ~r~?o~ ,. t5ubc .~t-Pr r t'a4t 1.

Cho'sce (D} is tS~e correct answer. The hormone that is involved in

the regulation of water conservation in humans and other mammals
is antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
(A) regulates reproductive processes among other processes; insulin
(S}regulates blood glucose levels; prolactin (C) regulates the
production of milk; and oxytocin (E) regulates the progression of labor
during childbirth, as we11 as other physiological responses.

t,€~S~I~§o ~~
Choice (E)is the correc4 answer. Nate that this question is asking for
the least useful evidence. Dietary requirements(E} would provide the
least amount of information on evolutionary relationships, and hence
is the best choice. In constructing a phylogenetic tree showing the
relationships of mammals, fossils (A), nucleotide sequences (B), amino
acid sequences (C}, and tooth structure (D) would all be useful.

Choice (A} is the correct answer.'the movement of solutes into guard

cells causes water to move into the guard cells by osmosis, which
then causes the stomata to open. Among the solutes that are taken up
by guard cells are potassium ions. Option T3 is incorrect because the
inflow of ions will not cause the guard cells to shrink, and when the
guard cells shrink, the stomata close. Option C is incorrect because
the inflow of ions changes the osmolaritp of the cytosol. Option D is
incorrect because the inflow of ions does not disrupt the membrane.
Option E is incorrect because the inflow of ions does not change the
water channels.

$~lA~~a$!£g€~ ~~
Choice(D)is the correct answer. Lymph is the fluid in the Iymphatic
system. It is similar to blood plasma but may contain some white blood
cells, and it is not containefl in a closed system. Option A is incorrect
because lymph does nat contain red blood cells and platelets. Option B
is incorrect because lymph does not contain erythrocytes (red blood
cells) that have Leaked out of blood vessels. Option C is incorrect
because antihistamines are medications that black histamine-induced
inflammation and are not contained in Lymph. Option E is incorrect
because lymph is not produced at lymph nodes.

Ek~~$~C"3e~ ~
Choice(D) is the correct answer. Animals with one opening to the
digestive tract and two layers of tissues belong to the phylum Cnidaria,
which includes }ellyfish, corals, and anemones, and are illustrated
in figures II and N. Figure I is an earthworm, which belongs to the
phylum Annelida. Figure III is a sea star, which belongs fo the phylum
Echinodermata.

7g
r~,

~5~:~i~i~ ~i
Choice {Ej Es 4tse ccsrrec4 ansvae
r. The sear znriPl remain at the
height on the tree trunk, 0.90 same
meter above the ground, bec
vertical gravath of the tree occ ause the
urs only at the ends of the
branches. The trunk will increa sho ots or
se in diameter, but this will
the vertical position. not a$ect

~k&~S~ICB~ T
Choice(B)is the correct ans
wer. Alleles are alternate for
gene. Different attetes may ms of the same
code for proteins with difrerent
sequences. OptSon A is inc amino acid
orrect because the nucleotid
though similar, are not identical e seq uences,
. Option C and D are incorr
alleles of a single gene are fou ect because
nd at the same location on
chromosomes. Option E is inc hom ologous
orrect because different cop
gene (different alleles) are loc ies of the
ated on di$erent chromosomes,
on complementary strand not
s of the DNA molecule that com
chromosome. prises one

C
Choice (B} is the correct answer
. DDT is a pesticide that has
lasting environmental effect long-
s. It accumulates in body fat
biomagnification effect, wit and exhibits a
h apex predators accumulating
in their tissues than other more DDT
organisms in the same enviro
DDT accumulation in birds nment do.
of prey led to weak egg sheds,
population declines in many which tad to
species. DDT is currently ban
United States. It is not harmfu ned in the
l to plants (A), does not leach
(C), does not harm the ozo nitrogen
ne layer (D), and does not ser
harmful6actezia (E). ve as food for

it
ChoSce(A} is the correct answer
. Iridium is rare on Earth, but
is found in meteorites in mor as if
e abundance, the discovery of
of iridium-enriched rock a lay er
has been used as evidence sup
extinction of the dinosaurs por ting the
because of a meteor impact.
D, and E would not result in Opt ions B, C,
a worldwide deposit of iridiu
m.
~lP~~$!OI'i ~{~
Choice(A)is the correct answer
. Among the adaptations tha
vertebrate animals to be succes t enabled
sful in terrestrial environments
kidneys, and amniotic eggs. are lungs,
Lungs permit breathing of air
a~gen; efficient kidneys hel to obtain
p to re#ain water and maintain
and amniotic eggs do not req hom eostasis;
uire external water to maintain
environment around the dev a wet
eloping embryos. The other
characteristics found in all ver opt ion s include
tebrates (ovaries and testes,
waterproof s1:in, closed circul backbone,
ator system}, and some (teeth,
chambered heart, scales, binocu foux-
lar vision, wings)found in sel
that are not found in the ver ect groups
tebrates that colonized early terr
estrial habitats.
a~

~u
 ~~~t[ 1,!Ln ~Uk~l~~' ~ c ~:f - Prr c r~`e l~si t

Choice(C)is the correct answer. Sons inherit an X chromosome from

their mother and a Y chromosome from their father. The mother has
2 X ~hrarnosomes, one of which has the allele for color blindness,
which. stie inherited from her father. In this case, the father would
contribute a Y chromosome to the son, and the mother would have
equal probability of contributing the X chromosome for normal color
vision or the X chromosome with the allele for color blindness to any
of her sons. The other options all give the wrong probability.

€~~~~iC3~i ~€~
Choice(Cp is the correct answer. If an organism is homozygous
for an allele that encodes a defective digestive enzyme, it will not
produce that enzyme and thus metabolic functions wi11 be affected
and homeostasis compromised. Options A and B are incorrect, as
the enzyme will not be produced at all. Option D is incorrect, as the
organism would not have an increased susceptibility to mutations.
Option E is incorrect, as evolution wi11 not occur at a faster rate.

~f~~S~@t~Yt 4
Choice (B~ is the correct answer. The largest area with no bacterial
grourth is found in quadrant 3, which contained the paper disk soaked
in tetracycline. The other quadrants showed less antibacterial effect
(A, C, and D), and we have no information on using two antibiotics
together (E).

f~tFP,~$PCt91 4~
Choice (E} is the correct answer. The best explanation far the growth
of same bacteria within the area of no growth around the paper disk
soaked in penicillin is that there are some bacteria present that have
resistance to penicillin. Option A is not supported by the data, as
only one medium is used. Option B is also not supported by the data.
The data show that penicillin is less effective against this particular
bacterium than the other antibiotics used, but that it still has an
antibiotic effect. Option C is not supported by the data. Option D is
also not supported by the data, as the colonies were not found in the
no-growth areas in all quadrants.

Cfioice tD} is the correct answer The experiment is testing the efrects
of foul antibiotics. A good control wifi keep everything constant
except the presence of antibiotic. Therefore, the best control for this
experiment would be use of the same nutrient agar, the same strain of
bacteria, and a paper disk with no antibiotics on it. Options A, B, C,
and E are not correct because they would not allow the experimenter to
be certain the <.ffects seen were due only to the gresence of antibiotic.

aT
Tr+.~ ~F=1Ci.4E .~A.T~ S~J4JECi"TEST, eii7DY 6C7E'J~: Bit~:r}Gy

Cho'sce (A} is the correct answer. The letters °A," "T,° "G," and "C"
stand for the nucleotides adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.
Options B, C, D, and E are not correct.

(~t~&~~~943~➢ ~~
Choice(B) is the correct answer. If the individual must have two
copies of the sequence of nucleotides in order to exhibit a particular
condition, the condition must be recessive. If it were dominant (A},
the condition would be exhibited with a single copy of sequence II (E).
There is no information that would support sex linkage (C) oz
codominance (D}.

~CS~S~I(ii'1 ~~
Choice(E)is the correct answer. Since sequence II is missing one
nucleotide triplet, it will therefore produce mRNA with one fewer codon
and thus a protein with one fewer amino acid. Options A, B, C, and
D describe different types of mutant proteins bu# not the one that is
produced by sequence II.

fl~~S~l~Y~ ~~
Choice(E)is the correct answer. A compazison of the two sequences
indicates that sequence II differs from sequence I at the third triplet.
The triple AAA is missing, indicating a deletion. Options A, B, C, and
D describe different types of mutations but not the one that is seen
in sequence II. A frameshift mutation can result from insertions or
deletions. A substitution mutation is when one base is substituted for
another, which may or may not result in a different amino acid in the
protein produced. An inversion mutation is when a set of nucleotides
is flipped. A translocation is when e piece of one chromosome changes
position on the chromosome or is inserted into a nonhomologous
chromosome.

QliE',S~fC}Ci ~~
Choice(C)is the correct answer. The average radicle length is longest
in group 3, which was maintained at pH 7. The other options represent
growth at pH levels that resulted in shorter radicles.

~a~e~~9ca~ 51
Choice(D} is the correct answer. The independent (manipulated)
variable in the experiment is the pH of the aqueous solutions used.
The other options identify factors that were held constant(A, B, and Ej
or the dependent (measured) variable (C).

Y2
 i io'~r> F/~g Suh, < toast-~ rorn~F~T:r-s> t

~~~~~
for the
Choice (E)is the correct answee. Note that this question asks
true stateme nts
response that is not true; options A, B, C, and. D are
about germination. Option. E is the statement that is not true about
for
radicle growth. Light, whether Iow or high level, is not required
.
germination. Light is required after germination for photosynthesis

~8~;z~df39"6 ~J
under the
Choice(D)is the correct answer. The plants were maintained
light and tempera ture were
same conditions of light and temperature (i.e.,
or
controlled). Options that include only one of these (A and B) options
and E) are incorrec t.
that include pH, which was nto kept constant(C

Choice(B} is the correct answer. l~Teuron tt is a motor neuron that

p, a
innervates muscle segment I. Under normal conditions, neuron
sensory neuron, sends a signal into Ganglio n I, where it is received
no
and transmitted to neuron n. If neuron n is destroyed, there will be
segmen t S would not be initiated .
response, so the muscular contraction in
Option A is not correct because the motor neuron does not sense stimuli
t
at the skin. Option C is not correct because the motor neuron to segmen
ion from
II has not been destroyed and there is nn transmission of informat
segment I to segment II. There is no information suggest ing that other
n.
neurons would be destroyed (D and E) as a result of the loss of neuron

(~£~~5~4€7~3 ~3~~
segment III,
Choice(C} Is the correct answee. If the worm is touched at
tted
the stimulus will be received by sensory neuron w, then transmi
The other
to neuron u, and finally to motor neuron u for the response.
options include neurons that are not part o€ this stimulus-response
ions
pathway. Other segments will likely response via the connect
, but the questio n asks only
between ganglion III anti the other ganglia
about contraction of segment III.

~~$9tlC1 ~~a
segment
Choice(D)is the correct aoswec If the worm is touched at
for
III, the stimulus will be received by sensory neuron w, and then
a response to occur in segment II, motor neuron q must be involved.
can be
The neuron connecting w and q is t. All of the other choices
eliminated because they do not include both neurons w and q.

C~t~~~~l~DtiF 7
ed,
Choice(B)is the correct answer. If neuron y in ganglion IV is destroy
A,
there will be no communication between segments I and III. dptions
C, and E are ail incorrect because they involve the communi cation
ts fI
within the same segment. Option B is incorrect because segmen
and III have a pathv~ray for communication via neuron [.

83
`t P'-{)FF-it`~fkl. 5<T _,'?s~ct.`f E'T STU[J`~f>Lktir_. ~x~r~{_(ry

"+.~i~S.~ AF a~'i .
~~~C e"a"S

Choice(B)is the correct answer. The diagram shows the stages of

primary succession in a terrestrial ecosystem. Tn primary succession,
the first colonizers are. typically lichens, whsch form on the bare rocks.
The other options do not describe organisms that typically colonize
bare-rock during primary succession.

~@,5~~$@~51 .~.e
Choice(D} is the correct answer. In succession, the species ir.
each. stage alter the environment in such a way that makes it mare
hospitable for the species in the next stage. Option A is incorrect
because there is ample sunlight for the pioneer species. Option B
is incorrect because there is very Little or no sail available to the
colonizing species (lichens), not because of the pH. Option C is
incorrect because the colonizing species do not inhibit the growth
of the pioneer species by secreting chemicals. Option E is incorrect
because the plants at later stages of succession are di$erent species,
not a single species that accumulates mutations.

~€~~St9t~56 E'a{~
Choice(Cp is the correct answer. The mature forest pictured is typical
of a temperate deciduous forest. Tall trees would be lacking in the
tundra (A) and the desert (E) biomes; chaparral(D) would be primarily
grassland, and taiga or canifeirous forest (B) would have mostly
coniferous trees (e.g., pines, firs, hemlocks}.

Cfioice (A} is the correct answer. Members of the phylum Porifera do

nat have true tissues. The node that separates them from other anirrials
is node A.

~UE'.xt9P1 ~i
Chaise(D~ is the correct answer. The deuterostomes include the
echinoderms and the chordates. The node that separates them from
the protostomes is node D. Protostomes include mollusks, annelids,
and arthropods. These terms refer to embryological development.
In protostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth, and in
deuterostomes it develops into the anus.

Choice 4~) ~s the correct answer. The bony endoskeleton of vertebrates

has several functions. It protects some of the internal organs, such as
the heart, Lungs, and brain; it acts as a site for muscle attachment; and
it serves as a reservoir of calcium, helping to maintain homeostasis.
The other options do not include all of these functions.

&4
Chofc~(By is the correct answer. Sexual reproduction in ali organisms
results in Increased pen<tie variation in the offspaing, so this is true
for flowering plants as welt. Genetic~aliy identical ofrspring (A) are
typically produced via asexual reproduction. Mutation rates (C) are
not affected by the mode of reproduction, and plant height (D} and
photosynthetic output (E} cannoi be predicted from the mode of
reproduction.

~R£:~~8d~R3 3
Choice(A) is fibs correct answer. Moths are the most probable
pollinating agent of anight-blooming, fragrant flower. Hummingbirds
(B} and butterflies (C) are active during the day; flowers do not use
spores(D)to reproduce; and awind-pollinated plant(E) would not
invest in flowers with a fragrance or color, nor would they open
specifically at night.

C.~ES~S~ECSY~ ~3~
Choice(D)is the correct answer. Homologous structures are defined
as those that have similar characteristics due to shared ancestry. The
forelimbs of a bat and a porpoise contain similar bones, inherited
from their common ancestor, even though the appendages have very
different appearances and functions. Analogous structures are similar
in appearance or function, but not because of shared ancestry. Option
A is incorrect because homologous structures may or may not perform
the same function. Option B is incorrect because the bones do not
have to be the same size and shape. Option C is incorrect because if
they came from widely separated evolutionary lineages, they would
not share a recent common ancestor; this might be an example of
convergence. Option E is incorrect because the time a structure
appeared is not evidence of shared ancestry.

ll~a$~f~~! ~~
Choice(e) is the eorrect answer. The data show the population
increasing each year by a factor of approximafeiy 3. There is a large
increase between year 1 and year 2, and then another large increase
between year 2 and year 3. The graph that best shows the rapid
increase is S. The other options do not reflect the data in the table.

~~S~E~€
Ghoice(D~ is the correct answea. The large number of Drosophila
s~aecies in the Hawaiian Islands is due to adaptive radiation. There are
many difrerent environments on the islands and no gene flow from the
mainland due to the great distance. Options A, B, C, and E all offer
reasons for the diversity of the insects. Option D, even if true, would
not contribute is adaptive radiutian, as a uniform habitat wcuid not
lead to strong selective pressure an the species that are present.

85
7HE C1F~IC:Ifc3_ S.'1T SUS,IEG("E:":il~ S`t iJJ`! r,iiiG'E: 8I4"l'i-O~`1

Choice (EJ is the correct answer. It is most likely that the seeds were
carried to the previously unvegetated island by the seabirds. Since
the color variant on this island is rare in other places, it is most likely
present on the islands due to a random colonization event. The founder
effect occurs when a new population arises from only a few members of
the original population. The small size of the founding population leads
to reduced genetic variation in the new population. Option A is incorrect
because allopatric speciation occurs when populations are separated
geographically. Option B is incorrect because adaptive radiation occurs
when organisms diversify from an ancestral species into many new
species. Option C is incorrect because directional selection occurs in
response to selective pressure on a phenotype. Option D is incorrect
because disruptive selection occurs when selective pressure favors
different extreme phenotypes over the intermediate form.

Choice(A)is the correct answer. The X axis has a logarithmic scale;

each gradation represents a factor of 10. The line is straight, but due
to the log scale it is actually increasing exponentially. A11 of the other
options would describe lines with different shapes.

~C7~Sflt3Ci P'~
Choice (C} is the correct answer. Populations that increase
exponentially generally do not have any limiting factors, such as
nutrients, or nesting sites. Once these factors become limited in
supply, the growth rate of the population will decline.

~C9E'S~EOS'i ~~
Choice(D) is the correct answer. In all cases, the species show a net
loss of CO, at low light intensity because the CO, released in cellular
respiration exceeds the amount of COz fixed in photosynthesis.
The low light levels are insufficient to maintain high levels of
photosynthesis.

@I~Stl~61 ~~
Choice(Dj is the correct ansuuer. The graph shows the solid Line for the
oak tree to be higher than that of the other species at approximately
250 joules/m~/sec. The question asks about the point at which the oak
tree has a higher net uptake of CO,than either of the other species
have, not when it is highest or which tree has the highest net uptake.

44l~Fa~S~BC? ~~
Choice(C) is the correct answer. The graph shows that at 200 joules/
m~/sec, the net COz uptake is close to 1,000 mg/em'. Note That this
uptake is given as an average over the leaf area per lour, sa the
number of leaves, or total area, is irrelevant.

es
 ~~=~~:@aka; ari
s
Chcaic~:(F3a is the cc~ereet ~aaswer. We are told in the introductory
paragraph that birch. trees are earlq colonizers and that birch forErsts
are replayed by oak Eoresfs, Nrhich are then replaced by beech forests.
The graph shows that at law light intensity,. the Late-succession beech
trees have a higher COz uptake (indicating photosynthetic activity)
Than the other species have.

Choiee (CD ~s khe correct answer. Note that the correct ans~mer is the
option that does not need to be kept constant. In the laboratory,
conditions such as temperature (A), soil moisture levels (D),
illumination levels (B), and health and number of plants (E) should
all be controlled. Different leaf areas will not afTect the measurement,
since COQ uptake is given per anit area.

(~UE?StiUE# ~~f
Choice(A)is the correct ans+xer. The data show that at levels of 2 parts
per million, pentachlorophenol kills nearly 25% of the mosquito larvae.
The effect increases substantially with greater concentrations, but it
can be concluded that it is toxic to mosquito larvae in small amounts.
Options B, C, and D are not addressed or supported by the data..
Option E is incorrect because the impact of pentachlorophenol on
mosgaito larvae increases with increasing coneentraticrn.

~E:~~~~*C4 f
Choice(D)is the correct answer. Note that the correct answer is the
one that was not part of the study. There were three replicates (A):
a treatment group with no pesticide (S7, the measurement of dose
effect (C), and survival measurements, reporfed as %alive after each
treatment (E). Biological magnification (D), is the process by which
substances accumulate in the bodies of organisms at higher trophic
levels. This is not part of the study, so it is the correct answer.

Choice(,4) is the correct ansuver. The beaker with 0 parts per million of
pentachiorophenol is the control beaker for the experiment. The control
treatment allows the researchers to attribute lethality in the other samples
to pentachlorophenol and not to another component in the experiment.

a~~;~f~4~ri ~C~
Choice {Bp is the correct answer. 'I'h~ question is asking for a prediction
o: the effect of 16 parts per million concentration. of pentachlorophenol
on the mosquiio Larvae during 24 hours of exposure. The original
experiment showed that ~t 16 ppm there were no surviving Larvae after
24 hours. Graph B shovas a ragid drop in the ~;ercent of Iarvac alive and

ar
?F?E J~'rEC'i~.L SRT Slt~,f€C'r TE~;'i Si"iJJ`( GUID=: ks:,^,al_OGY

very few alive after 24 hours. Graphs A, C, and D all show 100 percent
of the larvae alive at the end. of 24 }lours, which is not reasonable, and.
graph E is unreasonable because it has the number of larvae alive
decreasing and then increasing again.

~~3~~t[C3~i 1
Choice(C)is the correct answer. When a cell is placed in a solution
that has a greater concentration of solutes, or salt in this case, the
water inside the cell moves out of the cell by osmosis. The plant cell
would retain iYs general shape due Yo the rigid cell wall, buf the volume
of the cytoplasm will decrease. The cytoplasm (A} cannot cross an
intact cell membrane, nar can the salt (B}. Water from outside the cell
(D) will not enter against the concentration gradient and does not
remain in the space between the cell wall and plasma membrane, and
the nucleus (E) does not explode when water is lost from the ce11.

•
Choice(C} is the correct answer The heterozygous red-eyed fly has one
allele for red eyes and one allele for sepia eyes. The homozygous sepia-
eyed fly has two sepia alleles. The sepia-eyed fly will pass on a sepia
allele to its offspring, and the red-eyed fly can pass on either ared-eye
allele or a sepia-eye allele with equal probability, which will result in
50 percent of the offspring having either phenotype. The other options
give incorrect percentages.

Choice(C)is the correct answer. We are told that the liquid added to
water separates into two layers. Lipids do not dissolve in water and will
separate into two layers when mixed with water. The other substances
listed (A, B, D, E7 will dissolve in water.

UGS~tCD~'E ~~
Choice(Dj is the correct answer. The primary structure of a protein is
the amino acid sequence. The secondary and tertiary structures give
the protein its three-dimensional shape. The three-dimensional shape
is created by internal bonding and/or attractions between atoms on
different amino acids. The ultimate determiner of the secondary and
tertiary structure of a protein is the initial amino acid sequence or the
primary structure. The 1engEh (A) of the protein does not determine the
shape, and groups of cetis (S} or special organelles (C) are not required
for this self-assembly process. Tryptophan (E) has a hydrophobic side
chain, not an electrically charged group.

~LkE;S~~CIt3 J
Choice (E~ is the correct answer. The reaction shown is the addition
of a phosphate group to a molecule of ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
to form ATP (adenosine triphosphate}. This reaction requires. er~ergy.

ae
 13io~ ~c a ~/.v1 Sup, car Cost - Pr i~ t < ....,~ .

Options A, F3, and C axe all synthesis reactions that require energy;
they are not energy-producing reactions. Option D is a reaction that
breaks down a macromolecule, but it does not release enough energy
to drive the reaction shov~m. Option E summarizes part of the reactions
of aerobic celIuIar respiration, which does provide energy for the
reaction shown.

~d~l~~~~€~~@ ~S'
Choice(D)is the correct answer. The individual with this genotype can
produce two genetically different gametes for each gene. Since there
are three genes, the number can be calculated by 2 x 2 x 2 = 8, or the
number can be derived by writing the possible combinations: ABC,
ABc, Abc, abc, aBC, abC, AbC, and aBc.

~~9~'~~9CB6"9 ~a t'
Choice(C)is the correct answer. In interphase, DNA is in long strands
and is not observable as distinct chromosomes. The name for the
collective strands is chromatin. Interphase is a nondividing phase
of the cell life cycle. Opticn A describes metaphase of cell division.
Option B describes the chromosomes during cell division. Option D
describes the chromosomes in prophase I of meiosis. Option E is
similar to tetrads; the terms are sometimes used interchangeably.

Q~.§a5~8~3Ci ~~
Cfioice (A} is the correct answer. The rate of exchange of nutrients and
water between a living cell and its environment depends mostly on the
ratio of surface area to volume. A cell with a larger surface area relative
to its volume can move more materials in and out at the same time.
This is true of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The other options
describe important characteristics of a cell, but they do not determine
the rate of exchange.

f~tl€3~~~C3Ci ~~
Choice(A)is the correct answer. Nondisjunetion during meiosis
results in some gametes having an extra chromosome (trisomy) and
some gametes having one fewer chromosome (monosomy}. In some
cases, an individual can survive with either the extra or the missing
chromosome, such as trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome.
Option B is incorrect, as the gametes wails not be identical. Option C
is incorrect, as the offspring produced from atEected gametes wi11 sti11
be genetically different from the parents. Option D is incorrect for
individuals with particular trisomies. Option E is incorrect, as the DNA
wi11 not change from linear to circular.

ay
T!-i`c/li-I'i CIAI... StaS ~~.i4"3.5Et;'I £-a' `;'iiiC3'~ / JtE `~; :'€6'-UG':'

Ch~Fce(C} is the correct ansv~er. Option. C could. be blood type A or B:

it is the only cross in which none of tkae offspring wi11 be ii, v✓hich is
the genotype for blood type O. Option A or E could resuif in affs~ring
Wraith blood tppe A or O, and option B or D wuld result in offspring with
blood type B or O.

Choice(D} is fhe correct answer. The graph shows Ywo enzymes that
have different reaction rates at different pH values. Enzyme X is active
in more acidic conditions, with an optimal pH of 4. Enzyate Y is active
over a broader pH range and has an optimal pH of 7. Both enzymes are
active between pH 5 and pH 6, even though the rates of reaction are
relatively low.

C~EE~S$9~CE ~~
Chaice(8} is 4he carrect answer One of the primary functions of lipids
is long-term energy storage in organisms. In animals; lipids are stored
as fats, and in plants they are more often stored as oils. The other
options give functions that are not associated with lipids.

~tkE?5~6Cs~E ~~
Choice(d} is the correct answer. The graph shows that the percent
radioactivity is high initially "sn fhe endoplasmic reticulum (ER} and
then drops. As the level drops in the ER, it rises and then fails in
the Go1gi apparatus. The level in the secretory granules increases
throughout. This information is consistent with the synthesis of a
protein that is being secreted out of the ce11. Among options, only
insulin is a secreted protein.

~~4~5$€C3~C ~~
Choice(B) is the correct answer. The data can be used to determine the
path of a newly synthesized protein. The question that is best aligned
with the data is given. in option B. None of the other questions are
relevant to the data.

k~C-)S~iC3~k ~~
Choirs(D)es the correct answer. Option D summarizes the secretory
pathway: a protein is synthesized by the ribosames on the rough
endoplasmic reticulum, then fransporfed to the Goigi apparatus
for modification and packaging, and then secreted out of the cell
by vesicles. This pathway is consistent with the data in the graph,
whereas the pathways in the other options are not consistent(A and B}
or refer to other macromolecules(C and E~.

~a
Choice(C)is the correct aras~Er. The number of bacteria present on
day I2 is approximately 10', while the numt~er preseni an clay A is
approximately 10". The~ie are ten times as many bacterial ceIts on day
12 as on day 4.

~,~~.'S~~C}sl ~~
Choice(6)is the correct aeaswer. Option D is the most reasonable
conclusion. Option A is incorrect because the number of bacteria
did not steadily decline through day 8. Option B is incorrect because
streptomycin does not cause genetic mutations conferring resistance.
Option C is incorrect because an alternate antibiotic might be effective;
there is no evidence to suggest that it will be ine$ective. Option E is
incorrect because urine is sterile; it does not normally contain any
bacteria.

~l~~S~€~fl ~~
Choice(A} is the correct answer. The bag initially contained sugar,
while the solution in the beaker did not. VJe are told that the
membrane of the bag is selectively permeable, meaning that some
material can pass through it. The most reasonable explanation for
the presence of sugar in the beaker after 24 hours is diffusion. The
sugar di$used from an area of high concentration (the bag) to an area
with low concentration (the beaker} through the selectively permeable
membrane. Options B and C require a living cell, and option D refers
to osmosis, which is the movement of vaster; not solutes. Option D is
absorption, which is not occurring here.

i~G $3E3K1 ~
Choice (E} is the correct answer. Starch, lipids, and proteins are
generally very large molecules. Sugars are generally much smaller.
The data suggest that the pare size of the dialysis membrane was large
enough to let sugar pass but not the other, Iarger molecules. Options
A, B, C, and D are not supported by the data presented.

~~l~S$i~}I~ ~f~~
Choice(A} is the correce answer. The introductory material states that
the volume of the bag increased during the 24-hour period, which
supports statement I. There is no data to support statement II or
statement iIf. Therefore, the correct answer is aptton A.

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