COMSATS University, Islamabad

Department of Computer Science

ECA 1 LAB Project

Automatic LED Light Using LDR Sensor

Lab Report

Submitted by:
Muhammad Abu Bakar Saleem & Nawaz-ul-Hassan

SP19-BSE-069, SP19-BSE-082

Submitted to:
Mam Sadaf Iqbal

Date: 25 May 2019

Introduction:

The proposed system consist of Transistors, LDR, Resistors, LED,

wires and battery. This system controls the LED light using the light
dependent resistors.
It glows during night and switches off automatically as the sun rises.

Principle of LDR and Transistor Used:

The working principle of LDR is that it gives less resistance in high light
intensity and high resistance in low light intensity (ie) it gives high resistance in
dark or night and low resistance in day or light.

Here we use transistor as a two way switch. If the voltage through base is
greater than 5V it send through the emitter. If the voltage through base is less
than 5V it sends through collector.

During night the LDR gives a high resistance as a result the voltage passing
through the base will become less than 5V so the LED glows.

During day time LDR gives a low resistance as a result the voltage through base
is greater than 5V which switches the current to the emitter. This turns LED off.
Circuit Connections:

Place the transistor on the breadboard.

Connect the Emitter to the negative of the battery.

Base to one terminal of LDR

Connect the resistor (R2) to base and positive terminal of battery

Collector to the anode of LED (Small leg)

From cathode of LED(Long leg) to resistor (R1)

Another end of resistor (R1) to positive terminal of battery

Another terminal of LDR to negative terminal of battery

.Circuit Components

• LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)

• NPN Transistor
• Resistors
• An LED

• Breadboard
• Battery
• Wires for connection
Circuit: