Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 3

GROUP III TESTS

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE PRINCIPLE AND REACTIONS

Soluble and effervescence is This test distinguishes carboxylic acids from phenols.
REACTION WITH SODIUM observed Carboxylic acid Carboxylic acids turn blue litmus red and react with sodium bicarbonate
BICARBONATE SOLUTION solution and produce effervescence due to the formation of carbon dioxide.
Insoluble and no effervescence is Phenols are weakly acidic,therefore they are soluble in strongly
strongl basic NaOH
2ml 5% NaHCO3 solution + sample observed Phenol solution but they are not soluble in weakly basic sodium bicarbonate
added slowly solution.and do not give efferevescence

TESTS FOR
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

ESTERIFICATION TEST Carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in presence of conc. sulphuric
Sample + 1ml ethanol or methanol + 3 Sweet fruity smell of ester Carboxylic acid confirmed
acid to form ester that is identified by the presence of a fruity
drops conc.H2SO4. Heat gently for 2 smell.
minutes. Cool pour reaction mixture into
a beaker containing sodium carbonate
solution and smell immediately

Sample solution in water + 1 drop


neutral ferric chloride solution Violet colour Phenolic acid confirmed
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE PRINCIPLE AND REACTIONS

TESTS FOR PHENOLS


Ferric Chloride Test Phenols give coloured complex with neutral ferric chloride solution.

Violet, Blue, Green or red color Phenol


2ml sample solution in water or
alcohol + 1 drop neutral ferric
chloride solution.
For example, phenol gives a complex of violet colour. Resorcinol, o–, m–
and p–cresol
cresol give violet or blue colouration, catechol gives green colour
which rapidly darkens. 1 and 2–Naphthol
Naphthol do not give characteristics
colours.

Bromine Water Test


Sample + 5ml water. Add bromine water organge brown color of bromine Phenols are extremely reactive towards electrophilic substitution.
drop by drop shaking until bromine disappears and a pale yellow or Phenol Phenol reacts with bromine water to give 2,4,6-tribromophenol
2,4,6
colour is no longer discharged white precipitate is obtained

Phthalein Dye Test Phenols condense with phthalic anhydride in the presence of concentrated
In a clean dry test tube 0.1g sample + Appearance of pink, blue, H2SO4, For example Phenol condeses to give phenolphthalein which gives a
0.1g Phthalic anhydride + 2 drops green,red etc. colours dark pink colour with NaOH solution.
conc.H2SO4. Warm the mixture. Phenol

Cool and pour into a beaker containing colour disappears on addition of


20ml dilute NaOH large excess of sodium hydroxide
solution.
Liebermann’s test Phenol reacts with nitrous acid to give p-nitrosophenol
In a clean dry test tube take a
Deep blue or green color
small crystal of sodium nitrite +
0.5g of Phenol. Heat gently for 20
seconds. Allow to cool. Add 1ml
Conc.H2SO4 and mix. This then reacts with excess phenol to give indophenol which is an acid
Phenol base indicator

The red colour is due to the formation of indophenol


Transfer to a beaker containing Solution turns red
20ml water

Add an excess of NaOH solution Blue or green color reappears

The blue or green colour is due to the formation of indophenols


anion

Вам также может понравиться