Introduction to Computer

BCS
 Computer

Computer is an electronic machine which takes

input and process on it and gives output in form of
information.
Parts of Computer

Hardware

Computer Firmware

Software
 Hardware
Those parts of computer which has the following three properties
Directly touchable
Weigh
Volume
Hardware Devices
Hardware

Input devices Output devices

Process Devices Storage Devices

Communication
Memory
Devices
Input devices
 Those devices which are used to enter data into computer
and which are used to work on computer.
Examples:
 Mouse
 Keyboard
 Scanner
 etc
Output Devices
 Those devices which are used to see what we have done in
computer and used to take the result of our work.
Examples:
 Monitor
 Printer
 Speaker
Process Devices
 Process device is used to process on data and convert it into
useful information.
 There is only one process device called the Central
Processing Unit (CPU).
Storage Device
 Storage devices are used to store data in computer.
Note:There are two types of storage devices.

Storage
Device

Permanent Temporary
SD SD
Permanent Storage Device
 This device stores the data into it until the user wants to
delete the data.
Examples:
 Hard Disk Drive ( HDD)
 Flash Disk
 Optical Disks ( CD, DVD )
 Floppy Drive
Temporary Storage Device
 This device stores the data into it till electricity is present in
computer.
 When the electricity is cut off then all the data present in the
temporary storage device is deleted automatically.
 The only temporary device is the Random Access Memory (
RAM)
Random Access Memory
( RAM )
Communication Devices
 Those devices which are used to connect two or more then
two electronic devices.
 These devices are both Input and Output devices.
Examples:
 Hub
 Switch
 Router
 etc
Firmware
 It is a type of software stored on non-volatile storage
on integrated circuits (BIOS).
 When a computer is powered-on, it is the first
program that it always executes.
 Firmware consists of startup and a few low-level I/O
routines that assist the computer in finding out and
executing the rest of the OS.
 BIOS (basic input output system)
Software
 Computer software is a set of electronic instructions that
perform the certain tasks.
 A set of instruction is often called a program.

Note:There are two types of software.

Types of software

Software

System Application
Software Software
System software
 System software is placed between the user and the
computer hardware which is used to operate the computer to
use different application software's.
Examples:
 Operating System ( Windows, Linux, Mac )
Application Software
 Application software tells the computer how to accomplish
tasks the user requires, such as creating a document or
editing a graphic image.