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Mark M. Wilde
pi ρiA ⊗ ρiB .
P
Separable state: ρAB = i
pi ρiA ⊗ ρiB .
P
Entangled state: ρAB 6= i
Entanglement measure E
Faithfulness: E (ρ) = 0 if and only if ρ is separable.
LOCC monotonicity: E (Λ(ρ)) ≤ E (ρ) for any Λ ∈ LOCC.
Entanglement monotone, convexity, additivity, etc.
Zoo of ent. measures [PV07, Chr06].
TB 0 ◦ NAB→A0 B 0 ◦ TB ∈ CP
N
Equivalently, the Choi operator JAA 0 BB 0 for NAB→A0 B 0 is PPT:
N
TBB 0 (JAA 0 BB 0 ) ≥ 0
Key result: All LOCC bipartite channels are C-PPT-P. So then we can
use this relationship to find bounds for tasks in resource theory of
entanglement by using resource theory of NPT entanglement.
Mark M. Wilde (LSU) 5 / 35
Logarithmic negativity
Entanglement monotone:
X
EN (ρAB ) ≥ p(x)EN (ρxAB )
x
Consider
1 α ≥ 1,
2 a Hermitian operator X 6= 0, and
3 a positive semi-definite operator σ 6= 0:
Then define
(
1−α
1−α
σ X σ 2α
if supp(X ) ⊆ supp(σ)
2α
µα (X kσ) ≡ α ,
+∞ else
να (X kσ) ≡ log2 µα (X kσ),
Proposition
Let ρAB be a bipartite quantum state, and let 1 ≤ α ≤ β. Then
Lemma
Let X 6= 0 be a Hermitian operator, and let σ be a positive definite
operator. Then the following inequality holds for all β > α > 1:
α β
[να (X kσ) − log2 kX k1 ] ≤ [νβ (X kσ) − log2 kX k1 ]
α−1 β−1
which implies
να (X kσ) ≤ νβ (X kσ).
Proposition
Let ρAB be a bipartite quantum state. Then
and
ν∞ (X kσ) = Dmax (X kσ) = log2
σ −1/2 X σ −1/2
.
∞
Proposition
Let ρAB be a bipartite quantum state. Then
Proposition
If ρAB satisfies the condition TB (|TB (ρAB )|) ≥ 0, then all α-logarithmic
negativities are equal; i.e., the following equality holds for all α ≥ 1:
Definition
A C-PPT-P quantum instrument consists of the collection
x
{NAB→A 0 B 0 }x ,
where
x
each NAB→A
1 0 B 0 is CP,
x
the map TB 0 ◦ NAB→A
2 0 B 0 ◦ TB is CP, and
x
P
3 the sum map x NAB→A0 B 0 is TP.
where
x
p(x) ≡ Tr[NAB→A 0 B 0 (ρAB )],
1
ρxA0 B 0 ≡ Nx 0 0 (ρAB ).
p(x) AB→A B
Lemma
Let X 6= 0 be a Hermitian operator, and let σ be a positive definite
operator. Let P be a positive and trace-non-increasing map. Then the
following inequality holds for all α ≥ 1:
Proposition
Let ρAB be a bipartite state and α ≥ 1. Then the α-logarithmic negativity
ENα (ρAB ) can be calculated by convex optimization.
σ 7→ [µα (X kσ)]α .
The above lemma follows directly from [Hia16, Theorem 5.2] (see also
brief remarks stated before [Hia16, Theorem 5.3])
Mark M. Wilde (LSU) 20 / 35
Faithfulness
Proposition (Faithfulness)
Let ρAB be a bipartite quantum state, and let α ≥ 1. Then
ENα (ρAB ) ≥ 0
and
ENα (ρAB ) = 0 ⇐⇒ ρAB ∈ PPT(A : B).
By picking
1
ρ1AB ≡ Φ2AB , ρ2AB ≡ (|00ih00|AB + |11ih11|AB ) ,
2
1 1
ρAB + ρ2AB ,
ρAB ≡
2
we find for all α ∈ [1, ∞] that
So is κ-entanglement [WW18]:
EN (N ) = sup EN (ωRB ),
ψRA
[CLM+ 14] Eric Chitambar, Debbie Leung, Laura Mančinska, Maris Ozols, and
Andreas Winter. Everything you always wanted to know about LOCC (but
were afraid to ask). Communications in Mathematical Physics,
328(1):303–326, May 2014. arXiv:1210.4583.
[Hia16] Fumio Hiai. Concavity of certain matrix trace and norm functions. II.
Linear Algebra and its Applications, 496:193–220, May 2016.
arXiv:1507.00853.
[HW01] Alexander S. Holevo and Reinhard F. Werner. Evaluating capacities of
bosonic Gaussian channels. Physical Review A, 63(3):032312, February
2001. arXiv:quant-ph/9912067.
[Per96] Asher Peres. Separability criterion for density matrices. Physical Review
Letters, 77(8):1413–1415, August 1996. arXiv:quant-ph/9604005.
[WW18] Xin Wang and Mark M. Wilde. Exact entanglement cost of quantum
states and channels under PPT-preserving operations. September 2018.
arXiv:1809.09592.