Electiva I: Ingeniería

Biomédica

CAPÍTULO 2
SISTEMAS FISIOLÓGICOS
21/06/2018 1
Contenidos:

• SISTEMAS FISIOLÓGICOS
• Sistema cardiovascular.
• Sistema nervioso.
• Sistema respiratorio.
• Sistema músculo-esquelético.

21/06/2018 2
I YOU

I YOU

I YOU
 Not every cells in the human body
is near enough to the environment
to easily exchange with it’s mass:

▪ Nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide,

and the waste products of
metabolism.
▪ Energy (heat)
Fig 1. Sistema Cardiovascular. Tomada de [1]
▪ Momentum

▪ The physiologic system is endowed with a major highway

network.

▪ There are thousan of miles of access tubing the transport to and

from a different place to sustain life.
Highway network = sistema cardiovascular
Cardiovascular Structure

✓ The pumping station: The Heart

✓ The working fluid: Blood
✓ The piping network: Blood Vessels
✓ Cardiovascular Control
 Cardiovascular Structure
Location of the Heart

Fig 2. Tomada de [6]

Cardiovascular Structure
Anatomy of the Heart

▪ Cardiac muscle,
called myocardium

▪ Striations

▪ Right and left atria

and ventricles

Fig 3. Tomada de [6]

Electric Activation of the Heart
The Conduction System of the Heart

The amplitude of the

Action Potential
is similar for both nerve
and muscle (100mV).

Duration= two orders of

Magnitude longer than
in either nerve cell or
skeletal muscle (300 ms).

Fig 4. Tomada de [6]

Electric Activation of the Heart
Cardiac Activation Sequence

Fig 5. Tomada de [7]

Electric Activation of the Heart
Cardiac Activation Sequence

Fig 6. Tomada de [7]

Electric Activation of the Heart
Cardiac Activation Sequence

Fig 7. Tomada de [7]

Electric Activation of the Heart
Cardiac Activation Sequence

Fig 8. Tomada de [7]

Electric Activation of the Heart
Cardiac Activation Sequence

Fig 9. Tomada de [7]

Electric Activation of the Heart
Cardiac Activation Sequence

Fig 10. Tomada de [7]

Electric Activation of the Heart
Cardiac Activation Sequence

Fig 11. Tomada de [6]

Electric Activation of the Heart
Cardiac Activation Sequence

Fig 12. Tomada de [6]

Electric Activation of the Heart
Cardiac Activation Sequence

Average duration cardiac cycle: 750 ms.

Filling phase (diastole)= 480 ms.
Emptying phase (systole)= 270 ms.

End-diastolic-volumen (EDV) = 140 ml.

End-systolic-volumen (ESV) = 70 ml.
Stroke volumen (SV) = EDV-ESV.
Cardiac ejection fraction= (SV/EDV)
0.5-0.75 is normal
0.4-05 signifies mild cardial damage
0.25-0.40 implies moderate heart damage
<0.25 warms of severe damage

Cardiac Output (CO)

Systolic intervals per minute (HR)
Electric Activation of the Heart
Cardiac Activation Sequence

𝐶𝑂 = 𝐻𝑅 ∙ (𝐸𝐷𝑉 − 𝐸𝑆𝑉)
𝐶𝑂 = 224 ∙ 𝑊 3/4
𝐻𝑅 = 229 ∙ 𝑊 −1/4
REFERENCES

1. Exercise Physiologist heath, sport performance, and physiology, Cardiovascular

Adjustments to Hot Environments.
http://exercisephysiologist.wordpress.com/2012/02/16/cardiovascular-adjustments-to-hot-
environments/
2. Tortora, Gerard J. ; Derrickson, Bryan H.: Principles of anatomy and physiology. Wiley,
2008.
3. BC-2800 Customer Training Material, Mindray, Versión 1.3, 2008-2-1.
4. Analizadores Hematológicos, Dpto. Ingeniería y Servicio Técnino REACTLAB IMPORT CÍA
LTDA.
5. Ganong, William F; Stella, Giulio: Fisiología médica, El manual moderno, 1998. Imagen
publicada con autorización de Whitby LEH, Britton CJC: Disorders of the Blood, 10th ed.
Churchill Livingstone, 1969.