C H A P T E R 01

Signals and Amplifiers

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Source Representations

Figure 1.1 Two alternative representations of a signal source: (a) the

Thévenin form; (b) the Norton form.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Analog vs. Digital

Figure 1.8 continuous-time analog

signal

Figure 1.9 Variation of a particular binary digital signal with time.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Where does the extra energy comes from?

Figure 1.13 An amplifier that requires two dc supplies

(shown as batteries) for operation.

Figure 1.14 An amplifier transfer characteristic

that is linear except for output saturation.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Basic Amplifier Model

How do we get Ri, Avo, Ro?

Figure 1.16 (a) Circuit model for the voltage amplifier. (b) The
voltage amplifier with input signal source and load.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Exercise

Figure 1.17 Three-stage amplifier for Example 1.3.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 The Four Amplifier Types

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Amplifiers with sinusoids

Figure 1.20 Measuring the frequency response of a linear amplifier: At the test frequency ω , the amplifier gain is characterized
by its magnitude (Vo /Vi) and phase ø .

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Bandwidth limitation

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Bandwidth limitation

Figure 1.26 Frequency response for a

direct-coupled amplifier

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.27 Use of a capacitor to couple amplifier stages.

Figure 1.26 Frequency response for a capacitively coupled amplifier

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Book's convention on notation

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Next:

Operational Amplifiers

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.