SHAHBAZ COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

TECHNICIAN
Computer practicals
PRACTICAL
What is a computer?
Write its components i.e. Hardware and Software
Computer:-
The word Computer comes from Computing which means to
calculate.
Computer is an electronic machine that takes input,
progress the data according to given instructions and produce output.
Information:-
The processed data is called information.
Data:-
Raw facts and figures are known as data (Anything given back
from the computer).
Components of Computer:-
Computer has two Components.
 Hardware
 Software
Hardware:-
Hardware is a physical part of Computer

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Examples:-
The examples of hardware are as follow
 Keyboard
 Speakers
 Monitor
 Microphones
Hardware is divided into two parts
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
Input Devices:-
Devices which are used to give the data to the computer
are called Input Devices.
Examples:-
Input devices are as follow
 Keyboard
 CD/DVD
 Mouse
 Bluetooth
 Infrared Devices
Output Devices:-
“Devices which are used to get
OUTPUT IN FORM of Data from Computer is called Output Devices”

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Examples:-
Output Devices are as following
 Monitor/Display
 Printers
 Speakers
 Plotters

Software:-
Set of instruction given to the computer to solve
particular problems is called software or programs
Types of Software:-
There are three types of software which are as follow
System Software
Application Software
System Software:-
Software used to control and monitor the
hardware and the other programs is called system software
Example:-
 Drivers
 Operating System
Application Software:-
Software which provides additional
functionality to the user is called application software
Example:-
 Microsoft Office
 Adobe Photoshop

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Form of Application Software:-

Application software is available in
following forms
 Packaged Software
 Custom Software
 Share ware
 Free ware
PRACTICAL
What is Input and Input Devices?
Write four Input Devices
Input Devices:-
Devices which are used to give the data to the computer
are called Input Devices.
Input Devices:-
Input devices are as follow
 Keyboard
 CD/DVD
 Mouse
 Bluetooth
 Infrared Devices

Keyboard:-

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It is basic input device used to enter the data in form of text,
characters and numbers
Standard keyboard has 104 or more keys.
Following types of keys are available on the keyboard.
 Alphanumeric keys (A to Z, a to z, 0 to 9)
 Special Characters keys (! @, #, $, % etc.)
 Special purpose keys (ctrl, tab, space etc.)
 Function Keys (F1, F2 etc.)

Mouse
Mouse is also very important input device. It has two types; one is wired
which is attached with computer and second one is wireless or Bluetooth; which
attached without wire, but with Bluetooth technology mouse has three types of
buttons.
 Left Button
It is used to select files or text programmers
 Right Button
It is used to view the properties of files or programmers
 Scroll Bar
Wheel like button used to move page up and down
CD/DVD Rom
It is another type of input device used to enter data in form of CD
DVD or blue ray disk

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 CD stands for Circular Disk
 DVD stands for Digital Versatile Disk
 ROM stands for Read only Memory
 CD has capacity to store up to 70MB
 DVD has capacity to store up to 17 GB
Bluetooth and Infrared Devices
It serves as both input and output devices.
Bluetooth and infrared devices are used to send and receive data.
Examples
 Remote Control
 Bluetooth Devices

PRACTICAL
What is Output and output Devices?
Write any four output devices
Output Devices:-
“Devices which are used to get
OUTPUT IN FORM of Data from Computer is called Output Devices”
Output Devices:-
Output Devices are as following
 Monitor/Display
 Printers
 Speakers

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 Plotters
Monitors/Display:-
It serves as both input and output Devices .When it
receive the data by touching the Screens at that time works as input
devices and display the results, also known as output device
CRT:-
It stands for Cathode Ray Tube .It uses to form image and Screen
LCD:-
It stands for Liquid Crystal Display .It takes less space but more
expensive than CRT.

Printer:-
Printer is output Device and used for making Prints (Hard Print
Copies) of soft copies
Printer’s Performance are measured by finding its PPM (Page per
Minute)
e.g.
Printer Print 150 pages per minute
Speaker:-

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Speaker are used to run audio files like music or conversation
with People
Plotters:-
Plotters are also output devices, used to produce parlances or
high quality graphics .It is also used for creating maps, graphs, charts
etc.

PRACTICAL
“What Is Microsoft Word”
Word Processing Software :
 It is also called Microsoft word page, word perfect and open
office.
 This is most widely used type of application software.

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 It is used to create, edit and format document such as letter,
report and resumes etc .
 Word Processing is used by business organization, Govt.Agencies
and indviduals for creating different types of documents

 Examples
Microsoft Word Processing, Open Office and Word
Perfect.
Features Of Word Processing Software
 Word Warp:
The word processor automatically moves to the next
line when the users one line is filled with text.
 Formating:
Word processing software provides a wide range of
formatting facilities . The user can change the color,

 Finding And Replace :

The find feature is used to find a certain
character, word, pharase in the document .
The replace software is used to replace
the particular words, character in the document.
 Spelling And Grammar:
Spelling and Grammar feature is used to
detect and correct the spelling and grammar mistakes.

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 Printing:
Word Processing software provides printing facilities.
The user can print documents to get a hard cop. It’s shortcut key
is Ctrl + P.

 Tables:
Word Processing software provides the facility of table for
organize data table is the collections of rows and columns.

 Use Of Word Processing Software:

The used of word processing

software are as follows;
 Preparing letters
 Preparing Notes
 Preparing Resumes
 Preparing Faxes
 Preparing Reports
 Preparing Calendars
 Preparing Applications

PRACTICAL

“What Is Spread Sheet Software”

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Spread Sheet Software (Excel):
 It is widely used application software for calculations.
 Millions of people use spread sheets software to perform
different task more quickly and accurately.
 It provides worksheet to enter data. A worksheet is collections of
rows and columns.
 Spreadsheet software also provides the facility to display data
graphically using charts.

Examples:
Microsoft Excel, Numbers and Quatro-pro.

Advantages:
I. It increases the ease and
speed of the calculation.
II. It displays number data as chart.
III. It also has facility of macro commands.

Disadvantages:
I. This software can not

process a large volume of quickly.

II. It does not provide

much programming facility.

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Uses Of Spread Sheet Software:

 Stock Handling:
It can be used to handle stock of an
organization. It provides many functions.
 Accounts Handling:
This software is used to handle the
accounting system of an organization, manages daily
transactions of organization.
 Record Keeping:
It is also used in the commerce for record keeping. An
organization can manage its data in spread sheet.

 Graphical Presentation
 Automatic Recalculations
 Predefine Function
 Quick Calculation

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Features Of Spread Sheet Software:

 Calculation:
Spreadsheet software provides the facility to
preforms different types of calculations using formulas and
functions.
 Charts:
Charts are graphical representation of data.
 Sorting:
Sorting is the process of arranging data in a particular
way.
 Auditing:
This feature allows the user to find the cells used in the
formula, which
are used in that formula.
 Autofill:
It is used to automatically fill cell with a series of number
and etc.

 Printing:
This software provides printing facility. The user can print
the file/document to get hard copy.

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Experiment

Patient/drug Data Analysis and Record keeping

Data Analysis
Improving efficiency of care processes is currently a must criterion for
all healthcare providers, given the coast containment measures in
health care budgets. Improving both processes and patient care
outcomes, by decreasing length of stays in ICU while improving quality
is a healthcare industry conundrum that demands clear and factual
analysis of all the aspects of patient care.
With the wide range of solutions for patient Data Collection and
Connectivity, GE Healthcare is at a strong position to provide the next
frontier in data management analysis and reporting for care and cost
management.
Data Analysis For Care Management
Patient information available in the Centricity Critical Care system,
including but not limited to device data and systems data can be used
for reporting and benchmarking, Patients can also be tracked for
research studies.
Data Analysis For Hospital Management

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Centricity Critical Care includes a powerfull reporting tool with
remarkable statistical capabilities about quality of care, costs and
performance. Cohesive processes help reduce redundant examination
and support streamlined quality care.
Data Analysis To Support Cost Management
Centricity Critical Care help u manages your costs by enhancing workflow,
enabling a quicker staff learning curve, and analysing data collected. More
complete documentation supports more comprehensive invoicing and faster
reimbursement.
Data Analysis For Workflow Improvements
Cohesive processes help reduce redundant examinations and support streamlined
quality care GE supports your workflow improvement efforts.
Computer Based Patient Data And Drug Data
Data in computer-based patient records are used in
 Patient care
 For future reference
 Clinical research
 Health system management
 Health-services planning
 Total quality improvement
 Billing
 Risk management
 Government reporting

Advantages of Computer Based Record

 Thousands of patient's information is just a click away
 It is 100% safe

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 No one can access your data except authorized
person
 You can analyze the records of all of your patients for presentations,
journals.
 You can maintain your patient records with details like diagnosis,
treatment, complications & result

Experiment

Modems and Networking

Modems and Networking

Modem
A modem is a device that enables a computer to transmit data, for
example, telephone or cable lines. Computer information is stored
digitally, whereas information transmitted over telephone lines
transmitted in the form of analog waves. A modem converts between
these two forms.
Modem Applications
Modems were originally used for connecting users to the Internet or
for sending faxes, but a majority of the modems are used by businesses

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in a variety of different applications, Some of these applications
include .
 Point of Sale(PoS)
 Remote Management , Maintenance
 Broadband Internet
 Data transfers

 Machine to Machine(M2M)

Point of Sale(PoS)
Pos is one of the most heavily used applications by the everyday
consumer. Anytime you pay via credit card or debit card there is a
modem(dial-up or broadband) behind it transferring that data.
Examples of Point of Sale
 Credit Card Payment
 ATM cash machines
 Ticketing machines in trains stations, bus stations, and airports .

Remote Management, Maintenance

Modems can be installed in remote locations at off-site locations , Or
Inside sensitive locations . Certain applications can be controlled
remotely Via the modem without having to make a visit to the actual
location. This can save time and money in via travel costs.

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Examples of Remote Management, Maintenance
 Stoplight timing control to regulate traffic flows

Broadband Internet
Many small, medium, and large companies depend on constant
communication connections to run their businesses. Many companies
rely on broadband connections for their employee connections.

Examples of Broadband
 PTCL Broadband
 Wateen Broadband
 Witribe Broadband

Data Transfers
Many large companies have headquarter where all data is centrally
located. Normally this means that the other locations need to send
data in to HQ on a daily basis. Modems are ideal because they
efficiently transfer the data with secure connections.
Examples of Data transfers
 Daily sales information sent to a headquarter from different
branches

Machine To Machine(M2M)
Machine-to-Machine solutions typically have a communications link
connecting 2 machines(computers, electronic devices) that
transfer data or communicate without any human interaction.

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Examples of Machine to Machine
 Medical devices transferring test results to a computer at a
doctor's office.

practical
'introduction of internet'
Defination:-The internet is the worldwide publicaly aucccesible series
of interconnected computer networks that transmits data by packets
switching using the standard internet protocol.
History:-The history of internet beings with the development of
electronic computers in the 1960's. initial concepts of packet
networking.
"packet switching is a digital networking communication method that
group all transmitted data into suitable sized blocks called "packets"
originated in several computer science labortories in the (UNITED

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STATES,UNITED KINGDOM and FRANCE).
The first message was sent over the "ARPANET"(The advanced
Research Project Agency Network) and become the technically
foundation of internet.
Growth:-Although the basic applications and guidelines that make the
internet possible had euisted for almost a decode.
The network did not gain public face until the 1990's.
On August 6,1991's CErh publized the new world wide web (www)
project by 1996's uses of the world "Internet" had become popular and
consequently so had its uses as a reference to the World Wide Web.
Today's Internet:- The internet corporation for assigned names and
number (ICANN) today.
One of the most common uses people have for the internet the World
Wide Web. Whenever you say you are "on the internet" you are using
world wide web.

Practical
"introduction of virus/antivirus"

Virus:-A computer virus is a type of malicious software program

(malware) replicate by reproducing itself (copy it own source code) or
infecting other computer program by modifying them .Infecting
computer programs can include as well, data files , or the "Boot sector"
of the hard device.

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When this replication succeeds yhe effected areas are then said to be
"Infected" with a computer viruss "chaper" was the first virus to infect
computer in 1970's .

Computer Malware:-Malware encompasses computer viruses along

with many other form of malicious software , such as computer worms ,
ransomware , trojan , hourse ,keyloggers , rootlcit , spyware , adware
malicious , browser helper object (BHOs) and other malicious
softwares.

What dose virus Do? :-virus perform some type of harmful activitys on
infected host computers , such as on hard disk space or central
processing unit (CPU) time , accassing private information (e.g credit
card numbers) , corrupting data , displaying political or humorous
message on the user screen spamming their email contacts .

Antivirus:-Antivirus or anti-virus software sometimes know as anti-

malware software is computer software used to prevent , detect and
remove malicious software .
First antivirus was formed in 1987.
Names of some anti-viruses are as following:
1:-AVG antivirus
2:-Mcafee antivirus
3:-Kaspersky antivirus

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4:-Norton antivirus
5:-Avast antivirus......

Practical
"introduction to the E-mail"

Introduction:-Electronic mail is a method of exchanging digital

messages between computer usess ;E mail first entered substanial use
in the 1960's and by the 1970's had taken the from now recogonised as

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E mail
E mail operates across computer networks which in the 2010's is
primarily the internet.
How Does it Work?:-Some early Email systems required the author and
the recipient to both be online at the same time ,in common with
instant messaging.
Today's Email systems are based on a store and forward model . Email servers
accept,forward,deliver and store the massages. Neither the usess nor their
computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need to connect only
briefly,typically to a mail serves, for as long as it takes to send or recieve
messages.
Terminology:- Electronic mail has been most commonly called as Email or Email
since around 1993's.
Email address:-Email adress (both for sender and recipients) are two strings
seprated by the character @(the at sign). The right hand part describes the
domain name involved and the left hand part refers to the user who belongs to
that domain .
A email address can be up to 255 characters long and can include the following
characters:
1:-Lower case letter from a to z
2:-Digits
3:-The characters . , _ - (Full stop, comma, underscope, hypen)

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