2017 STUDY ON THE

EMPLOYABILITY OF TVET
GRADUATES

(Some Results for Dual Training System)

Nancy E. Añez-Tandang, PhD

Institute of Statistics, UPLB
24 October 2018
Hotel Jen, Pasay City
 THE TVET STUDY
generate national and regional
data and information on the
employability of TVET graduates and
employment-related indicators

serve as bases in determining policy

recommendations that will guide
TESDA in its planning and policy
making as Authority in TVET
THE TVET SURVEY
Survey Design
Coverage 6,870 sample represent 1,606,622 2016 TVET
graduates
Sampling methodology Stratified Random Sampling
• with region as strata

PSA clearance PSA Approval No. TESDA-1737

Methods of data gathering Face-to-face and phone interview

(thru hired enumerators and M&E (using structured questionnaire)
focal staff)
Duration (actual survey) November 2017
Profile of the 2016 TVET Graduates
Weighted Percentage Distribution of TVET Graduates by Region
FEMALE MALE TOTAL
ARMM 61.62 38.38 0.96
CAR 54.81 45.19 2.13
CARAGA 46.32 53.68 1.97
NCR 59.93 40.07 15.85
I 46.14 53.86 4.77
II 49.70 50.30 3.51
III 49.82 50.18 9.19
IV-A 50.05 49.95 16.53
IV-B 44.35 55.65 2.27
V 54.42 45.58 4.83
VI 57.35 42.65 6.81
VII 53.22 46.78 8.50
VIII 47.20 52.80 4.86
IX 52.16 47.84 4.29
X 51.27 48.73 4.41
XI 55.47 44.53 4.54
XII 48.95 51.05 4.58
Total 52.59 47.41 100.00
 2017 Study on the Employability of TVET Graduates
55 - 64 >=65 <15
3% 1% 0%
45 - 54
7%
15 - 24
35 - 44
13% 50%

52.59%

25 - 34
26%

i Weighted percent distribution of TVET

graduates, by Age group. Philippines,
2016
47.41%
Average = 28.5 years
Std Dev = 11 years

7
Weighted percent distribution of TVET graduates by highest educational attainment, by sex
Highest Educational Attainment Female Male Total
No grade completed 61.49 38.51 0.16
Elementary undergraduate 68.14 31.86 1.04
Elementary graduate 59.10 40.90 1.61
Junior high school undergraduate 55.23 44.77 2.17
Junior high school completer 51.96 48.04 2.44
Senior high school undergraduate 53.69 46.31 3.24
Senior high school completer 54.89 45.11 0.42
Highschool undergraduate (old
51.72 48.28 7.47
curriculum)
Highschool graduate (old curriculum) 48.18 51.82 41.61
Techvoc undergraduate 47.78 52.22 3.64
Techvoc graduate 54.15 45.85 4.92
College level undergraduate 52.89 47.11 15.14
College level graduate 62.14 37.86 15.45
Master's degree 80.72 19.28 0.40
Doctoral degree 52.27 47.73 0.15
Not indicated 45.75 54.25 0.15
Total 52.59 47.41 100.00
Weighted percent distribution of TVET graduates by scholarship program, by sex

32% - recipient of scholarship

Scholarship
FEMALE MALE TOTAL
Program
PESFA 44.07 55.93 5.01
TWSP 49.09 50.91 50.02
50.02
STEP 58.62 41.38 9.11
Others 55.17 44.83 33.96
Not indicated 60.71 39.29 1.91
Total 52.00 48.00 100.00
Weighted percent distribution of TVET Graduates by Sector
Utilities 0.01
Logistics 0.03
Footwear 0.03
Visual Arts 0.04
Decorative Crafts 0.04
Furniture and Fixtures 0.11
Maritime 0.27
Wholesale and Retail Trading 0.46
Heating, Ventilation, Aircondition 0.62
TVET 0.64
Language 1.54
Entrepreneurship 2.01
Garments 2.29
Processed Food and Beverages 3.88
Construction 3.92
Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries 5.18
Human Health/Health Care 5.65
Metals and Engineering 6.85
Information and Communication 7.09
Social, Community Development 7.51
Automotive and Land Transportation 7.61
Others 8.63
Electrical and Electronics 12.84
Tourism (Hotel and Restaurant) 22.75
Weighted
0
distribution
5
of TVET
10
Graduates15by Sector and20by Sex, 25
10
Philippines: 2016
Weighted percent distribution of TVET graduates by delivery mode training

Not indicated 0.7

Community-based 39.12

Mobile 1.09

Dual training system/dualized 0.4

Enterprise-based 3.17

Institution-based 55.92

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Weighted percent distribution of TVET graduates by type of program provided

Monitored Programs Not indicated

34% 2%
WTR
57%

NTR
7%

WTR NTR Not registered Not indicated

Weighted percent distribution of TVET graduates by whether or not they took the YP4SC

Female Male

33.02

15.01 38.71
13.26

TOOK YP4SC DID NO TAKE YP4SC

Weighted Distribution of TVET Graduates under WTR Who Took Competency by Sex

Sex
Took  not mandatory
Female Male Total
Competency
Freq % Freq % Freq %  lack of time due to work,
Yes 340867 47.79 372444 52.21 713310 77.89 school or in abroad
No 104789 53.66 90502 46.34 195291 21.32
Not indicated 4080 56.60 3129 43.40 7210 0.79  the assessment tools/test
Total 449736 49.11 466075 50.89 915811 100.00 package were not
available

 due to financial
constraints
Weighted percent distribution of TVET Graduates by their Reasons for Taking Up TVET Programs

REASON FEMALE MALE TOTAL

Employment/to get job 48.56 52.01 44.19
Promotion 51.50 50.43 1.18
To increase in income 71.52 28.10 3.67
Skills upgrading/enhancement 53.85 46.19 31.74
TVET qualification is popular 45.05 54.16 2.80
Personal use/interest/hobby 62.35 35.97 11.20
Others 49.75 50.59 4.92
Not indicated 49.71 50.28 0.21
Total 52.59 47.41 100.00
Weighted Percent Distribution of Graduates Who Perceived that they Possess Skills
After Completing the Program

Program Delivery Mode FEMALE MALE TOTAL

Institution-based 47.52 52.48 95.37
Enterprise-based 45.57 54.43 98.50
Dual training system/dualized
79.79 20.21 81.13
training program
Mobile training program 69.67 30.33 90.64
Community-based 54.80 45.20 94.89
Employment Status of TVET Graduates
Estimated Labor Force Participation and Employment Rates of TVET Graduates By Sex

LABOR FORCE
PARTICIPATION 62.20% EMPLOYMENT 71.87%

63.59%
60.95% 72.23%
71.54%
Estimated labor force participation rate of TVET graduates under TTI and non-TTI by program delivery mode

55.56
Community-based
71.70

71.66
Mobile training program
56.77

Dual training system/dualized 52.59

training program 59.87

74.39
Enterprise-based
70.74

62.91
Institution-based
72.74

Non-TTI TTI
Estimated Employment Rate of TVET Graduates By Program Delivery Mode

EMPLOYMENT RATE

COMMUNITY-BASED 69.97

ENTERPRISE-BASED
71.53

INSTITUTION-BASED
73.11
MOBILE TRAINING PROGRAM
73.51
DUAL TRAINING SYSTEM/DUALIZED …
88.93
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Estimated Employment Rate of TVET Graduates By Program Delivery Mode
and By Type of Provider

69.67
Community-based 72.30

71.52
Mobile training program 100.00

88.23
Dual training system/dualized training program 92.16

71.82
Enterprise-based 62.76

71.36
Institution-based 78.59

Non-TTI TTI
Weighted Percent Distribution of Employed DTS Graduates, by Occupational Group

Clerical support workers 0.00

Managers 0.00
Armed forces occupations 0.00
Elementary occupations 4.54
Plant and machine operators and… 4.54
Skilled agricultural, forestry and… 8.16
Technicians and associate… 8.45
Service and sales workers 16.35
Professionals 28.74
Craft and related trades workers 29.23
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00

All were wage and salary workers.

Weighted distribution of TVET Graduates by Sector and by Sex,
22
Philippines: 2016
Statistical Comparison of Employment Rates
 employment rate

.6 .7 .8 .9
1

1
Community-based

2
Enterprise-based

Institution-based
Program Delivery Mode
4

Mobile training program

5

Dual training system/dualized training program

Confidence Interval Estimate of the Employment Rate By Program Delivery Mode
Confidence Interval Estimate of the Employment Rate By Region

XI
CAR
.8

I
IV-B
V
CARAGA

NCR
II
VI
X
IV-A

III
VII
.6

VIII

IX
XII
ARMM
.4

0 5 10 15 20
region
Confidence Interval Estimate of the Employment Rate By Type of Provider and Certification
.78

.8
TTI
.76

employment rate

.75

Certified
.74

Non-Certified
.7
.72

Non-TTI

.65
.7

type of provider certification

Factors Associated with the Employability
of TVET Graduates
 Rao-Scott
Factor p-value Cramer's V
Test statistic
Type of Provider 17.82 <0.0001* 0.06
Educational Attainment 6.85 <0.0001* 0.17
Program Delivery Mode 1.53 0.1779 0.05
Type of Program Registration 2.47 0.0603 0.05
Availment of Scholarship Program 6.75 0.0012* 0.06
Competency Assessment 6.11 0.0022* 0.06
Results of Competency Assessment 0.07 0.9313 0.01
Level of Certification 2.10 0.0432* 0.08
Perception whether the graduates possess
9.02 <0.0001* 0.07
skills after completing the program
Satisfaction of Training Attended 3.84 0.0019* 0.08
Took the Youth Profiling for Starring Career 3.15 0.0433* 0.04
Enrolled in line with the YP4SC results 0.48 0.6202 0.04
Region 9.03 <0.0001* 0.19
Age group 17.10 <0.0001* 0.16
Sex 0.20 0.6578 0.01 28
Estimated coefficients, odds ratio, and p-values of the fitted logistic Regression model

Odds
Factor Coefficient p-value
Ratio
Type of provider (Non-TTI)a -0.2437 0.7837 0.0170
Perception whether the
graduates possess skills
0.5254 1.6911 0.0270
after completing the
programb
Age Groupc
25 – 34 0.4151 1.5146 0.0010
35 – 44 0.7016 2.0169 <0.0001
45 – 54 0.4966 1.6431 0.0200
55 – 64 1.2292 3.4184 0.0020
65 and over -0.1626 0.8500 0.7990
aTTI as the reference group; bdid not possess as the reference group; c15-24 as the
reference group
29
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Low recognition of industries to TVET certification
- continuously strengthen the involvement of the industries in the
implementation of various programs of TESDA
- TESDA should look into strategies/mechanism that will encourage the industries
to recognize the certification of TVET graduates
• Low utilization of career supporting mechanism like the YP4SC and jobs
bridging
- should be reviewed to determine the applicability of these initiatives with the
current trends and changes
- conduct of separate study that will assess the implementations of the programs is
recommended
• Did not gain the required skills - need to conduct of review of the
standards.
- Further analysis to identify the sectors and program took by the
graduates should be undertaken
• Dual Training System accounted with high employment
- workplace training should be continuously strengthen including the
development of policies and programs that will encourage more
enterprises to participate in the training
• High employability of TTI graduates
-Results of the study can be considered as basis for the allocation of
funds for the development of the infrastructure, trainers, of the TTIs