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CHAPTER I
Introduction
A radical new group of smoker has no intention of quitting. Instead, they believe their
addiction can save the lives of millions who puff away at cigarettes everyday this is justified by
the perceptions of the majority of vape users throughout the globe. “Vapers,” dedicated
enthusiasts of vape products, say the vapors they inhale, along with nicotine, are far safer than
the tar and raft of chemicals in tobacco cigarettes, while still supplying the same nicotine buzz.
This emerging subculture of smokers is obsessed with the customizable wizz-bang technology of
vape products. Some ‘vapers’ spend thousands to trick out their smoking pieces with the newest
The youth are of particular concern with regard to the rising popularity of vaping.
College students were among the group which belong to critical age group noted that are as
substance user and smokers, thus, Smokers are higher among these group. Individuals as the
primary experimenters and regular users, hence, federal survey data collected in 2014 suggest
that older adults have had relatively little interest in vape products. This finding supports with the
recently released report by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that in
2014, 3.7 percent of American adults used vape products on a regular basis. That figure
represents more than 9 million adult consumers, according to the U.S Census Bureau (Blair,
2015).
In the Philippines on the other hand has a very broad culture in the vaping world;
however there are barely any laws governing the act of vaping. The community has a lot of
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organized events which allows people of the Vaping world to meet and socialized among these
event was the “factasia” meet up held in Metro Manila, Cebu, and Metro Davao, this was done to
allow people of the vaping world to meet up and socialize, this only shows that more Filipinos
were indulged in vaping. There are also many customs that started vaping actually ended up
quitting cigarette and that most people who vape have gone months, or even full year, without
With the given scenario, the investigators want to determine the reasons behind their
indulgent on vaping and their health effect as they go through the act of vaping. Furthermore,
this study wants to identify the different ideas of the participants in terms of satisfaction with
Theoretical Framework
To provide anchor and support for this research, the following theories will be used:
Theory which states that stimulation by concern for those whom health as the absence of disease
or disability is not possible. This theory also denotes that every person is part of the universal
process of expanding consciousness and that an individual is becoming more aware of oneself, of
finding greater meaning of life, and of reaching new dimensions of connectedness with other
people and the world. Moreover, in this study consciousness regarding the participants owns
experiences, especially toward its health effects and satisfactions as vape user became a
realization. The participants therefore can possibly enhance their knowledge and may change any
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habits or patterns that will put their health at risk. Health care providers on the other hand can
raise the consciousness of the vape users regarding its benefits and its effects on health.
The theory of Abraham Maslow, Hierarchy of Needs (1970), states that there are new
measures created based on the operational definitions (1) to assess the satisfaction of each need,
(2) to assess their expected correlations (a) with each of the other needs and (b) with four social
and personality measures (i.e., family support, traditional values, anxiety/worry, and life
satisfaction), and (3) to test the ability of the satisfaction level of each need to statistically predict
satisfaction level of the next higher-level need. Significant positive correlations among the scales
were also found; that is, the more each lower-level need was satisfied, the more the next higher-
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework shows the demographical data of the participants and their
reasons to indulge self in vaping as the independent variable that contributes to the determination
of the dependent variables such as participants’ experiences, including the participants’ health
Independent variable
Participants’ Profile
Age Dependent Variable
Gender
Smoker or non-smoker
Length of time using Participants’
vape
Experiences
This study will be aiming to determine the experiences and satisfaction of vape users in
Marawi City.
a. age;
b. gender;
2. What are the reasons of the participants to indulge in the act of vaping?
3. What are the experiences of the participants while vaping in terms of:
b. satisfaction?
Null Hypothesis
2. There is no relationship between the participants reason for vaping and their vaping
experiences
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Healthcare Professionals. The result of this research study could possibly become one
of the basis in providing quality services and responding to the needs of the identified vape users
including their families and the community as well as to improve their quality of life through
reinforcing the information through health education, facts that can help formulate ideas for
Nursing Investigator. The outcome of this research study can add to the existing
knowledge of the identified vape users towards its different effects. Furthermore, the limitations
that would be derived from this study can be pursued by future researchers.
Community. The study will help the community to become more aware of the outcomes
as a result of vaping.
Participants. The participants will be aware of the possible health effects that can be
brought by vaping and to recognize their need of further empowerment and health education.
This study will be focusing on the participants’ experience and satisfactions. Thirty (30)
participants were taken from each identified schools and barangays in Marawi City located
Training Center Main Campus and Experimental, Barrio Green, and Barangay Datu Saber. A
total of thirty (30) individuals who indulges themselves in vaping for at least a week will be
taken as participants of this study. As well as tobacco smoker and those who have tried using
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vape years ago and stopped now. Data gathering will be conducted during weekends where the
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined as they are used in this research study:
Age. Is the amount of time during which a person or animal has lived (Merriam-Webster,
Become Popular. It refers to boost the personality of one in using vape and to be well-
known.
Cheaper than Traditional Cigarettes. It refers to the economical price between the
vape and cigarette. In which cigarettes cost higher than the price of vape. And that, vape was
Effect. It refers to the result brought about by indulging self in vaping such as control of
blood pressure, weight gain, productive coughing, and shortness of breath, chest tightness, and
dizziness, relief of headache, improved concentration, normal breathing pattern and being
energetic.
Gender. It refers to the sexual characteristics of the participants regardless of the state of
Health effects. Occurrence and manifestations of signs and symptoms after indulging
such as short term effect like control of blood pressure, weight gain, productive coughing,
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Lessen Nicotine Addiction. It refers to the fact that cigarette has an higher amount of
poisonous substance of tobacco that it makes difficult to people to stop smoking. In the process,
the use of vape lessens its probability of becoming addictive for it has no nicotine.
Lesser Constraints from the Law. . It refers to the state of minor ordinance of the
society in using vape compared to using cigarette that may cause much harmful in environmental
depression which may help them to overcome their situation by using vape.
their society which belongs to the same age or social group of a vape user.
participants are both using cigarettes and electric cigarettes which emphasize to the smokers
while vape user or electric cigarette user refers to the a non-smoker only.
Test the Different Flavor. It refers to the curiosity of the participants in tasting each of
CHAPTER II
This chapter contains relevant literature and concepts providing insights and
comprehensive background to the study. This also represents readings collected by the
History of Cigarette
The history of cigarettes dates back to as early as 4000 BC in the South America.
Smoking or chewing tobacco was a part of shamanistic rituals. And only hundreds years later
tobacco was introduced to the Europe. Probably the first European, who discovered the tobacco
plants, was Cristopher Columbus. The Indians presented him dried tobacco leaves. It is
remarkable that he didn’t smoke himself. Such gift wasn’t evaluated by the Europeans, and the
most part of the tobacco was thrown overboard. But some of the sailors learned from the
Aborigines what they did with that leaves and followed their example-packed the pipe with the
Tobacco wasn’t only smoked in the past. It was very popular to take snuff. Most smokers
don’t really get the full tobacco smell. It is known that one can feel the flavor of tobacco by
smelling it. Such tobacco enjoyment was very popular in Asia, Africa and America and
particularly in Europe. The advantage of snuff was that it was smoke-free and environmentally
friendly pleasure. It was considered that snuff kept one free from colds and gave relief from
Chewing tobacco was another type of smokeless tobacco enjoyment. The chewing of
tobacco was another type of smokeless tobacco enjoyment. The chewing of tobacco was
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widespread habit among the agricultural population of America before the war. Nowadays
History of Vape
Vaping or vape is a term coined after abbreviating its root base vapor or vaporizer. It
originates from the Latin word vapor which means steam or heat.
Vaporizing has a long history. Herodotus describes, in Egypt (5th century B.C) people
were heating herbs and oils on hot stones to vape. The orator Cicero gave him the title “The
Father of History”. Therefore, we might have to trust him about the ancient origin of vape.
Unknown to many, in 1927 Joseph Robinson came up with the idea of an electronic
cigarette. However, it’s another name we relate to vaping. It was Herbert A. Gilbert who in 1963,
historical data says, came with the idea of vaping. And in 1965 he patented this invention.
According to an interview with Mr. Gilbert he said that it was kind of obvious that
inhaling burnt stuff was gross. So he did what normal human being would do and used “logic” to
create a smoking alternative that didn’t rely on the need for combustion.
The modern e-cigarette was invented in 2003 by Chinese Pharmacist Hon Lik, and as of
2015 most e-cigarette are made in China. Since they were first sold in 2004 their global use has
risen exponentially. In the United Kingdom their use is widespread. Reasons for using e-
cigarettes involve trying to quit smoking, reduce risk, or save money, through some use them
recreationally. As of 2014, the majority of users still smoke tobacco. There are concerns that dual
use of tobacco products and e-cigarettes may “delay or deter quitting”. European directive of
2016 set standard for liquids, vaporizers, ingredients and child-proof liquid containers. There are
around 500 brands of e-cigarette, with global sales in excess of US$7 Billion. (Wikipedia.com)
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Experience in Vaping
The act of vaping is defined as inhaling and exhaling the vapor produced by a vaporizer
(or a vapor cigarette). While the act of vaping existed throughout the history, the word is quite
contemporary; believe it or not the word “vape” was selected as The Oxford Dictionaries Word
of the Year for 2014, due to increasing usage of e-cigarettes. The first usage of the word,
however, is noted before the habit of vaping in its contemporary e-cig form even existed.
Federal survey data collected in 2014 suggest that older adults have had relatively little
interest in vape products, with individuals younger than 25 being the primary experimenters and
regular users. Data from the National Health Interview survey of adults, summarized in a report
published by Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) National Center for Health
Statistics, showed that respondents in the 18-24 age range were far more likely than older age
groups to have tried vape products at least once. “Although fewer than 4% of adults who had
never smoked conventional cigarettes had ever tried a vape product, nearly 1 in 10 never-
smokers age 18-24 had tried vape products at least once,” the report noted. In contrast, the
lifetime prevalence among never-smokers in the 45-64 age range was 1.2% and among those 65
and older it was 0.2%. Overall, 12.6% of all respondents had tried a vape product at least once in
In terms of whether women or men do more vaping, men outnumbers their counterpart..
Making up about 88% of the vaping community, men dominate with their love of vape products
and flavored e-liquids. But women aren’t totally discounted because they make up 12% of the
population, and that number will continue increasing a vaping becomes more popular. After all,
when it comes to smoking, there are plenty of women who enjoy cigarettes, so it’s highly
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probable that they’d also enjoy vaping. In fact, women may appreciate the benefits of vaping
more than men do once they get to know the products available, especially since there are so
many deliciously flavored and scented e-liquids that would directly appeal to women. The
majority of people who vape used to smoke 11 to 20 cigarettes daily, followed by those who
used to smoke 21 to 40 cigarettes daily. Only a small group of vapers never smoked cigarettes
prior to vaping. Also the majority smokers who started vaping actually ended up quitting
cigarettes altogether. Most people who vape have gone months, or even a full year, without
In analyzing the vaping community on a whole, it’s also important to note just how long
people have been vaping. Some may be beginners and may end up leaving vaping behind, while
others may be long-term vapers who intend to continue vaping long-term for years to come. The
group of vapers who’ve only been vaping for 0 to 6 months make up the majority of the
community. The second largest segment has been vaping for 6 months, while the third largest
segment has been vaping anywhere from 1 to 1 ½ years. The smallest segments of the
community consist of those who’ve been vaping for 2 to 2 ½ years or 3 ½ years or more,
respectively. It’s probably safe to assume that these stats are the way they are because vaping is
fairly new and has only been gaining a lot or more popularity over the last couple of years. As
vaping becomes more well-known and accessible to a larger population and as people continue
to vape longer periods of people use vaping short-term just to quit smoking (Vape Supremo,
2015).
As people indulge themselves in the act of vaping it is important to know as to why they
have decided to do it. The following statements will be the reasons behind their decision to vape.
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Effects of vaping
conventional cigarette,” said Stanton Glantz, a professor of medicine and the director of the
Center of Tobacco Control Research and Education at the University of California, San
Francisco.
E-cigarettes create a vapor rather than produce a tobacco smoke; they generally deliver
However, this doesn’t mean the devices always represent a safer step down from
cigarettes. In fact, one of the most dangerous things about e-cigarettes is that they may keep
people smoking conventional cigarettes longer, rather than encourage them to attempt to quit.
Although estimates vary, anywhere from 70 to 90 percent of e-cigarette users are “dual-users,”
meaning they continue to smoke regular cigarettes after they begin vaping. (Nierenberg, 2016)
But regardless of how the nicotine is delivered- whether through e-cigs or conventional
cigarettes- it still has effects on the body. In addition to the nicotine, e-cigs’ other chemicals may
also affect health. Research on the vapors emitted and inhaled from e-cigarettes has shown they
deliver particles small enough to reach deep into the lungs and that they are not the “harmless
water vapor” that marketers may claim, Glatnz told to Live Science. (Nierenberg, 2016)
But there is some evidence that e-cigarettes can have a substantial effect on blood
vessels, and may increase people’s heart attack risk in that way. (Nierenberg, 2016)
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Related Studies
International
Vapers were relatively have higher interest in vape products and that they indulged
themselves the act of vaping because of different reasons such as making vape as an alternative
to smoking, for medical purposes, because of influence among peers to be more popular, it is
considered as chapter than traditional cigarettes, its different e-juice flavors, to become popular,
to lessen nicotine addiction, and because it has lesser constraints from the law.
The most common reason why someone would turn to vaping is because they considered
vaping as an alternative to smoking nicotine fix. Hence Science has yet to answer whether vapor
cigarettes help people quit smoking or not and whether or not they are safer than the traditional
cigarettes but still may ex-smokers switch to vaping because they believe that it is a better,
healthier way get their nicotine fix. On the other hand, there are several reasons why people
prefer vape products over other methods of nicotine intake among these are the use of patches
According to the study of Vaping Guru in 2017 entitled “What is Vaping?”, there are
also several pieces of research and scientific studies have indicated that vape products are
considerably less hazardous than the traditional tobacco cigarettes because they don’t contain tar
or any of the dozens of carcinogens found in tobacco. Nonetheless, vape products are very
similar to cigarettes or cigars as they offer an extremely similar sensation as smoking with soft
chewable tips like cigarettes it is also give a similar throat hit as well as lung bit, contain
Vaping is done with a dry herb vaporizer that draws the active ingredients out of herbal
material such as medical marijuana. This is justified by the research conducted in the University
of California San Francisco which shows that vaporizing marijuana preserves the THC and
reduces the exposure to carbon monoxide and other combustion by products. The use of this that
vaporizer for accessing the medicinal ingredients is something used in hospitals where THC is
administered as a medicine. It is for this reason that other individual use of vape for medical
purposes. This is also congruent to the study of McConnell (2016) that started that vaporizers are
Another one is the study of Dolores in 2017 entitled “Peer Influence on Adolescent
Vaping”, among the reasons why individual indulged themselves in vaping is the influence made
by peers and colleagues. Peer influence has long been known as a major risk factor especially
findings psychological which reveals that having friends who vape doubles the risk of children
ages 10 to 19 to start vaping and continue vaping, and that peer influence is more powerful in
collectivist cultures.
An article entitled “The 6 Leading Benefits Electronic Vaping has over Traditional
Cigarettes” posted on 2012 also denotes that an individual will certainly decide to vape because
other reasons as mentioned above include its cost. A person who indulged himself/herself in
vaping claimed that vaping is much cheaper than traditional cigarettes. One can certainly relate
to this point that cigarettes are expensive these days. In 1980, one could buy a good quality pack
of cigarettes for $2, by the 90’s, the cost had risen to $5, on average. Today, a good quality pack
of cigarettes will cost anywhere from $18 to $30. Some of this increase in cost can be attributed
to regular inflation or rising prices of production (tobacco) and even distribution (fuel). Taxes
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however play a big role too. Between all of this, a pack-a-day smoker can spend upward of $500
each month. And this doesn’t include the cost of other paraphernalia such ass lighters, ash trays
and much more while some of the entry costs of a starter kit may be a little bit higher, the month-
to-month cost of vaping is typically about 1/10th when compared to traditional cigarettes.
Cartomizers, Batteries and E-juice constitute the bulk of this expense, which can range anywhere
between $20 and $50 depending on how much one vape. (https://www.itsvaping
.com.au/pages/the-top-6-reasons-for-vaping)
Aspen Valley Vaes in 2017 states that vape users also indulged themselves more in
vaping because of the variety of E-juice flavors found. They wanted to test out all off the
different e-juice flavors. Whether one wants to try out Mod Milk Chocolate Milky Delight,
juice on the market. However, vaping critics have touted all of the flavors as a negative thing and
that some people believe also that flavors are used to target underage kids, but the truth is that
the flavors were put into place to give vapers all of the options that they could ever ask for.
As Subur states on his study in 2017, there are other reasons include decrease in nicotine
content. Vape users prefer because this to lessen nicotine addiction. It was noted that more than
half of the current 2.9 million vape users have given up smoking as stated by Action on Smoking
and Health (ASH) said in its annual survey into the use of vape products. It was also observe that
many vapers still “dual-use” combustible and vape products, which mean they are still exposed
to the cancer causing substances in tobacco smoke. Ann McNeill, Professor of tobacco addiction
at King’s College London, said: This year’s Ash survey finds that around 1.5 million vapers are
ex-smokers, for the first time a larger number than those who continue to smoke. The survey
showed people were over-estimating the dangers to vaping, with only 13 per cent of respondents
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recognizing that e-cigarettes were a lot less harmful than smoking and more than a quarter (26
Furthermore, other indulged them in vaping because they wanted to be popular. Majority
of the population today have been going through vaping for the reason that it has been a trend
especially among the younger generations, to become a part of the group, one must be do what
others do. The popularity of vaping throughout the globe has been a help to raise the popularity
of an individual or groups who indulged themselves in vaping, it helps them to look “cool” and
“awesome”, it also helps them to be in the “new”. This is justified by recent observations among
Another one is the study of Eric A. Feldman in 2014 entitled “Layers of Law: The Case
of E-cigarette” have said that vaping proved to have lesser constraints from the law. So far,
governmental efforts have met with only limited success. Although vaping are not yet tarnished
by the powerfully negative view of combustible tobacco products, social norms about vaping are
still evolving. Neither those who use vaping, nor the population more generally have yet
determined the content of the use vaping in restaurants, in public parks, or around kids.
Unwritten rules of social conduct are also lacking when it comes to vaping use in homes,
workplaces, social setting, cinemas, stadiums, beaches, or at sporting events, and the jury is out
when it comes to the question of whether vaping is cool or ridiculous, sexy or silly, macho or
emasculating.
The reason of the participants became a way for them to indulged themselves in the act of
vaping, thus those individuals whom have been vaping for longer periods of time or those
beginners who just started to vape, can relate their selves with different experiences, highlighting
18
the health effects they felt and have been through while vaping, the next topics will be relating
to those experiences.
Experience of the vape users, especially to the aspects of their health will be presented in
the following paragraphs. The reason of vape users have played a major role as to how vapers
have gone through the experiences that they felt while vaping.
In 2016, Tag proves on his research entitled “10 Shocking Health Risk of Vaping and E-
cigarette” that lipid pneumonia was found in a 42-years-old woman who had recently started
using vape products, causing the onset of her respiratory issues. This particular form of the
lungs, or fat deposits found in lung tissue. Doctors linked the source of her infection to her recent
exposure to the glycerin-based oils found in the compounds of vape products’ vapor. After
abstaining from vape product use following her hospital visit, the patient’s respiratory conditions
improved considerably.
Scientist also has collected evidence of vape product lung impacts from a small number
of people. One study of 25 people, for insurance, found that smoking cigarettes and vaping had
the same short-term effects on the lungs. Both created signs of inflammation and lung damage
The act of vaping lowers the body’s abilities to fight infection. Researchers at the
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill examined scraped cells recovered from the noses of
otherwise healthy participants who belonged to one of three groups: cigarettes smokers, vape
users, and a control group that neither vaped nor smoked. These researchers then measures the
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activity levels in the cells of 594 genes known to aid in immune system support and fighting off
infection.
A group of Harvard researchers found that common flavouring substance found in vape
liquid caused permanent and sometimes fatal scar build-up in the lungs. These flavouring
chemicals, 2.3-pentanedione and diacetyl, systematically destroys the lungs’ smallest airways,
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a press release in 2014 with
a title “ Flavorings: Related Lung Disease, Diacetyl” indicating that the number of calls into
poison centers involving e-juice was 215 times greater compared to 2010. The article further
explains that this poisoning occurs in three ways: ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through the
eyes and skin. An even more alarming finding showed that over half of these emergencies
involved young children under the age of 5, one possible explanation being the candy and fruit
flavor varieties of these substances that children might be drawn to. These liquids are also found
to cause moderate to severe skin irritation when accidental exposure occurs, a legitimate concern
And according to the study of Raloff that was published in 2015 entitled “Lung Cellular
and Molecular Physiology”, nicotine can cause inflammation in lung tissue. It also reduced that
tissue’s ability to serve as barrier to foreign substances, the researchers found. Irina Petrache, a
doctor and lung specialist at Indiana University in Indianapolis stated that the act of vaping can
harm the lung tissue. Vaping would be no better for the lungs than cigarette smoking.
Another study was conducted by Lindsey Konkel in 2017 with a title ”New Health Risk
of Vaping”, saying that inhaling pollution can irritate the lungs, and when the assaulting particles
20
are breathed in regularly, the lungs tend to respond by triggering a cough that won’t go away,
explains McConnell at USC. Bronchiolitis may cause wheezing, too, and coughs that bring up
thick mucus known as phlegm. The germs that cause colds, flu and bacterial infection can
sometimes trigger bronchitis. So can breathing in heavily polluted air, tobacco smoke or certain
chemical fumes.
The experience of vape users among the globe have been of help to determine if their act
of vaping have been helpful for them to achieve their goals be feel the sense of satisfaction. The
succeeding paragraph will be about the satisfaction of the vapers while they indulge themselves
pleasure derived from one individuals act. In this study, the vape user’s satisfaction while vaping
will be presented their feeling of contentment and pleasure from the act of vaping will be much
emphasis.
user started that he have spent days researching about vape products, enhancing his knowledge
about vaping, while taking the chance of lowering his nicotine levels. Later, he had stated that he
had become 100% tobacco free and established that he will never smoke again. Becoming very
satisfied in the act of vaping, he began making his own coils and in the process found a new
A study regarding the vape users satisfaction level by Homish and G. Homish in 2017
entitled “Daily Users Compared to Less Frequent Users of Vape”, demonstrate that many self-
selected daily users of vaping products can find these products can find these products at least
21
about as satisfying as cigarettes and the majority found them to be “much more satisfying than
cigarettes” as justified by the result which states that 58 of the participants reported vape as much
comparison to cigarettes and that there needs to be a push to get smokers to switch to these
products. They believe that vaping does not represent a satisfying product (in comparison to
cigarettes) would also support concerns that vape product use could constitute a casual ‘gateway’
to cigarettes.
Moreover, recent study in individuals with serious mental illness by Warner in 2017,
asked about satisfaction from vape products in comparison to cigarettes on a 5-point Likert-type
scale, one Kozlowski and Warner’s study, they found a very high satisfaction (averaging “4”)
during the last 2 weeks of the data gathering. The related concept of “enjoyment” has been found
to be an important correlate of regular us of vape products. Although there are some indications
of causal effects, the effects have been small with limited controls for confounding variables and
overall evidence for a causal gateway effect that could have a major effect on public health is
unconvincing. Evidence arising from secular trends in cigarette and vape product use does not
support that there is a gateway effect. The multi variable models support that levels of
Related Studies
Local
A study of Olivarez in 2014 states that there is one new means to overcome cigarette or
tobacco addiction that has been making an uproar recently—the use of electronic cigarettes, or
“e-cigarettes” are marketed as a safer alternative to regular cigarettes. The development of this
device was hinged on the belief that it is the key to help smokers stop their unhealthy habit
22
without having to suffer the effects of sudden withdrawal, and it also eliminates the risk of other
people getting complication from second-hand smoke because e-cigarettes do not produce smoke
as a by-product.
According to the study of the Philippine Health Research Registry in 2016, a U.S. study
suggests that an adolescent with a regular vaping habit aren’t just more likely to take up
smoking; they also have higher odds of developing a heavy cigarette habit. Another possibility is
that the young people who ended up smoking by the end of the study were destined to ultimately
smoke anyway.
A study of Marq in 2017 said that vaping is now being endorsed by medical professionals
after a long term study about the effects of this alternative to ex-smokers. Electronic cigarettes
have nicotine, but they don’t contain the harmful toxins usually emitted by tobacco smoking like
carbon monoxide, and tar. Even so, people are still debating about the safeness of vaping in the
long run.
among the lowest despite sin tax” says that in the Philippines setting, the passage of the sin tax
law, the prices of cigarettes in the Philippines remain among the lowest in Southeast Asia, an -
group uttered. Emer Rojas, President of New Vois Association of the Philippines, said the first
edition of the Association of Southest Assian Nasions (ASEAN) Tobacco Atlas showed that the
country continued to have one of the lowest prices of cigarette products in the region and even in
the world. An estimated 9.25 billion cigarette sticks are consumed by Asean smokers in a daily
basis, according to Seatca. According to the Tobacco Atlas, Filipino spends on estimated P326.4
million on cigarette products every month. Despite the huge expenditure on cigarette, the
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, locale of the study, the participants, the
Research Design
The study will be utilizing a mix approach. This design was used to determine the
participants’ experiences and satisfaction while indulging self to vaping. The quantitative part of
the study made use of descriptive study by the use of survey in which data are gathered from a
relatively large number of cases at a particular time. This will be particularly done in order to
described the demographic data of the participants such as their age, gender, if smoker or non-
smoker and length of time vaping. It also described the participants’ experience, in terms of
health, and the reasons for vaping. The qualitative part of the study made use of Focus Group
Discussion (FGD) in order to determine the satisfaction of the participants from vaping.
The research study will be conducted in Marawi City, officially known as the Islamic
City of Marawi and also dubbed as the Summer Capital of the South due to its cold climate, is
the capital city of the province of Lanao Del Sur. It has a total land area of 87.55 square
kilometers (8,755 hectares) located on the shores of Lake Lanao, Including the area where the
Agus River start. North of Marawi is bordered by the Municipalities of Kapai and Saguiran; to
the south by the Lake Lanao, on the east side to bind by the municipalities of Bubong and
Due to its geographical location and being considered as the urban center of the province,
Marawi City center not only the people from the city but also people from all over the province-
24
providing the social, commercial, institutional, cultural and religious needs of the city and the
province of Lanao del Sur. Marawi City is also the center of education not only in the province,
but also all over Mindanao since Mindanao State University Main Campus is situated in the city
Moreover, the remaining of the city as “Islamic City of Marawi” was proposed in the
parliamentary Bill No. 261 in the defunct Batasang Pambansa reported to attract funds from
Middle East (Jubar, 2005; Ali, 2011). It has 96 Barangays and was further divided into five (5)
political district Based on Statistics. It has a total population of 198, 979 as of year 2014 with a
In particular, the Mindanao State University (MSU), Main Campus, Marawi City is an
institution of higher learning. It was created on September 1, 1961 by virtue of republic Act
1387, as amended and approved in 1957 and republic Act 1893. It strives to be the premier
institution of higher learning. Unlike other universities in the Philippines, it aims to set the
standards of excellence in science, arts, technology and other fields; accelerate the economic,
cultural, socio-political, and agro-industrial development of the Muslim and other cultural
groups, thereby facilitating their integration into the national community; preserve and promote
the cultural heritage of the region and conserve its rich natural resources; and, infuse moral and
Buadi Sacayo, on the other hand, was formely known as Green, is a barangay in the city
of Marawi, in the province of Lanao del Sur. Its population as determined by the 2015 Census
was 3,020. This represented 1.50% of the total population of Marawi. (PhilAtlas, 2015)
25
Navarro (Datu Saber), is one of the barangays in Marawi City, Lanao Del Sur,
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) is located in Philippines. Its zip code is
9700.
26
The participants of this study will be taken from each identified schools and Barangays in
Marawi City located respectively in MSU Main Campus, MSU-UTC Main and Experimental,
Buadi Sacayo (Green), and Navarro (Datu Saber), Marawi City. Initially thirty (30) individuals
were taken from each school and Barangay, specifically in MSU Main Campus, MSU-UTC
Main and Experimental, and Buadi Sacayo (Green) and in Navarro (Datu Saber), thus these were
the identified participants of the study who had been noted to be indulging in vaping and had
Research Instrument
The quantitative data will be gathered through the use of a survey questionnaire. In
formulating the tool for data gathering, the investigators read and reviewed the related literature
as basis in identifying variables in forming a tailored-fit questionnaire with the guidance of the
adviser. The questionnaire is composed of four parts. Part I Described the participants;
demographic data, this includes the age, gender, years of being smoker and the length of time in
using vape products. Part II is composed eight (8) item statements on the participants’ reason to
indulge self in the act of vaping. The participants may answer more than one of the statements
Part III is composed of ten (10) item statement on the possible health effect of vaping on
the participants overall biological standing which presented below with its respective legend:
Part IV is composed of seven (7) item statement Use of vape and effects on tobacco
smoking
Interview schedule will be employed to gather qualitative data on the satisfaction of the
The investigators will be conducting the study through the following steps and
procedures. After the proposed study should it be approved for data gathering by the adviser and
panel members, the investigators will make a letter to the College Dean, the investigators will
then sent a letter to the school or university president and barangay chairman/woman to ask for
the conduction of the study. The investigators will secure permission and consent form to the
participants. The purpose of the study will be explained, option to participate in the study or not
was also taken emphasize to seek their permission and willingness to be a part of the study. Their
right to participate in the study will be given emphasis. One-on-one interview with the
participants will be done as they answer the given questionnaire; explanation of each question is
in the language they prefer most. Finally the quantitative data that will be gathered will
determine the collected, tabulated, and interpreted. On the other hand, the qualitative data,
participants’ satisfaction, will be gathered by utilizing a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with
fifty (50) vape users in two different schools or university and two barangays in Marawi City,
grouping them together as they share personal thoughts and the ideas about the question relayed.
31
Statistical Tools
Frequency and percentage distribution will be utilized in analyzing the gathered data on
the participants’ profile characteristics and reasons to indulge in vaping. Mean and Standard
deviation will be utilized for the participants’ experiences on vape health effects.
The qualitative data will be gathered through focus group discussion. Transcription of
each of the identified vape users’ answer to the question will be recorded via video or audio and
will be transcribed and translated into English language. Data analyses will be used to determine
the qualitative data gathered from the verbalizations of each participant, thus helping us with
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Blair P. (2025). New CDC Data: More Than 9 Million Adults Vape Regularly in the
United States, https://www.atr.org/new-cdc-data-more-9-million-adults-vape-
regularly-united-states
Philip C. Tubeza (2017). Cigarette prices in PH still among lowest despite sin tax, says
report. http://business.inquirer.net/
Appendix A
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
1 2 3
Factors Never Sometimes Always
(Hindi Kailanman) (Minsan) (Parati)
1.) While vaping, I am experiencing the following: (Habang nagvavape, nakakaranas ako ng
mga sumusunod:)
a. Control of my blood
pressure
(Pagkontrol ng presyon ng
aking dugo)
b. Mouth irritation
(Pangangati ng bibig)
c. Throat irritation
(Pangangati ng lalamunan)
d. Vomiting
(Pagduduwal)
e. Hiccups
(Sinisinok)
f. Headache
(Masaki tang ulo)
g. Palpitations
(Mabilis na pagtibok ng
puso )
h. Weight gain
(Pagdagdag ng timbang)
i. Productive coughing
(Pagkakaroon ng
produktibong pag-ubo)
j. Shortness of breath
(Pag-igsi ng paghinga)
36
k. Chest tightness
(Pag-igsi ng dibdib)
l. Dizziness
(Pagkahilo)
m. Relief of headache
(Paglunas sa sakit ng ulo)
n. Improved
concentration
(Nakakatulong sa
konsentrasyon)
o. Normal breathing
pattern
(Pagkakaroon ng normal
na paghinga)
p. Being energetic
(Pagiging masiglahin)
2.) Since using vape, peers
had increased every
session
3.) Using vape had made me
a better person
4.) I would recommend the
use of vaping.
5.) Vaping improves my
overall physical
performance
6.) Vaping improves my oral
appetite
7.) Vaping has sharpened my
senses.