A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS ALGORITHMS

FOR SECURED INFORMATION EXCHANGE

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

BY
K.SHARMILA SAI K.SONALI DEEPTHI
(Roll No: 16331A0565) (Roll No: 16331A0577)
K.PAVITHRA L.LAKSHMI PRASHANTHI
(Roll No: 16331A0590) (Roll No:16331A0591)

Under the Supervision of

MR.VIDYA SAGAR APPAJI
Associate Professor

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

MVGR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (Autonomous)
VIZIANAGARAM-535005, AP (INDIA)
(Accredited by NBA, NAAC, and Permanently Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University Kakinada)
APRIL, 2019

HOLIDAY TRIP
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS ALGORITHMS
FOR SECURED INFORMATION EXCHANGE

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

BY
K.SHARMILA SAI K.SONALI DEEPTHI
(Roll No: 16331A065) (Roll No:16331A0577)
K.PAVITHRA L.LAKSHMI PRASHANTHI
(Roll No: 16331A0590) (Roll No:16331A0591)

Under the Supervision of

MR.VIDYA SAGAR APPAJI
Associate Professor

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

MVGR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (Autonomous)
VIZIANAGARAM-535005, AP (INDIA)
(Accredited by NBA, NAAC, and Permanently Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University Kakinada)
APRIL, 2019

HOLIDAY TRIP
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “ HOLIDAY TRIP ” being submitted by
K.SHARMILA SAI,
K.SONALI DEEPTHI ,
K.PAVITHRA,
L.LAKSHMI PRASHANTHI
bearing registered numbers
16331A0565, 16331A0577, 16331A0590, 16331A0591 respectively,
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of “Bachelor of Technology”
in Computer Science and Engineering is a record of bonafide work done by them under
. supervison during the academic year 2018-2019

HOD CSE Supervisor

Name and Designation

External Examiner

HOLIDAY TRIP
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The satisfaction that accompanies that the successful completion of any task would be

incomplete without the mention of the people whose ceaseless cooperation made it possible,

whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all efforts with success.

I grateful to my project guide for the guidance , inspiration and constructive suggestions that

helpful to me in the preparation of this project.

I also thank our colleagues who have helped in successful completion of the project.

HOLIDAY TRIP
 ABSTRACT

Holiday Trip Planner travel planning functionality makes it easy for user to plan a holiday .

By pre planning your dream holiday, you can then proceed to book with ease.

Tourist is provided with the option to select a location where he wants to spend his holidays.

As soon as the location is selected by the user, he can list out the near by places of the

location along with the distances. Then he chooses the optimal path for his travel. For this, we

use the “traveling sales problem algorithm” to solve this problem.

Whenever the tourist feels like hunger, then he would like to go to the near by restaurants to

satisfy his hunger. For this , we are going to solve it by implementing the concept of

minimum cost spanning trees. This is achieved by using the Prims algorithm in this project.

After the tourist entered the restaurant, the tourist either wants to search the food or wants to

see the menu list. Incase the tourist wants to search the particular food item he wants to eat,

then he enters the name of the food item to search whether it is available or not. If the food is

available, then it would display the name of the item along with its price.

If the food is not available, it would show the exceptions. For this implementation, we use

Linear search.

If the tourist need to see the menu list, the the menu list would be displayed in a sorted order

of price. For this to implement , we use the Bubble sort algorithm.

In this way, we have planned the holiday trip for the tourists.

HOLIDAY TRIP
 CONTENTS

.List of Abbreviations

1. Introduction

About Holiday Trip

2. Literature Survey

Software Requirement Specification Document

ER diagram
Activity dagram

3. Theoretical Background

4. Design and Implementaion

Methods and techniques

Algorithms
Code

5. Experimental Results and Discussion

6. Conclusion

7. References

HOLIDAY TRIP
 . List of Abbreviations

TSP : Travelling Sales Problem

MCST : Minimum Cost Spanning Tree

1. INTRODUCTION

About Holiday Trip

Taking vacation is good for your health—really!

Feeling overwhelmed by work or like your work-life balance is out of whack? Have you
skipped out on vacation plans this year? If so, you are not alone...but you may want to keep
reading.

Research shows Americans work more than anyone in the industrialized world. They also
take less vacation, work longer days and retire later.

Productivity and stress management trainer and coach, Joe Robinson, author of, "Work to
Live" and "Don't Miss Your Life," says the issue is driven by a number of factors. Namely,
work force cutbacks and lean staffing make it difficult for people doing the jobs to get away.
People are also afraid to take vacations in the "layoff era" for fear that they will appear less
committed than coworkers.

A number of studies have shown that taking time away from the job can have physical and
psychological health benefits. People who take vacations have lower stress, less risk of heart
disease, a better outlook on life, and more motivation to achieve goals.

Mental and physical benefits

If you still need a little convincing, here is a list of some of the additional benefits of taking
time away from work:

HOLIDAY TRIP
 Improved physical health: Stress can contribute to heart disease and high blood
pressure. For both men and women, the New York Times reported, taking a vacation
every two years compared to every six will lessen the risk of coronary heart disease or
heart attacks.
 Improved mental health: Neuroscientists have found that brain structure is altered by
chronic exposure to the stress hormone cortisol, which can be a major contributing factor
to anxiety and depression. Feelings of calm arise from time away from work and relieve
stress, which allows the body and mind to heal in ways that it couldn't if it were still under
pressure.
 Greater well-being: According to a Gallup study, people who "always make time for
regular trips" had a 68.4 score on the Gallup-Heathway's Well-Being Index, in
comparison to a 51.4 Well-Being score for less frequent travelers. One study found that
three days after vacation, subjects' physical complaints, quality of sleep, and mood had
improved as compared to before vacation. These gains were still present five weeks later,
especially in those who had more personal time and overall satisfaction during their
vacation.
 Increased mental power: Upon returning from vacation, workers are often more focused
and productive. Studies have found that chronic stress can actually modulate a part of the
brain that inhibits goal-directed activity and can cause problems with memory. Time off
can tune up a well-functioning brain.
 Improved familial relationships: Spending time enjoying life with loved ones can keep
relationships strong. A study by the Arizona Department of Health and Human Services
found that women who took vacations were more satisfied with their marriages.
 Decreased burnout: Workers who take regular time to relax are less likely to experience
burnout, making them more creative and productive than their overworked, under-rested
counterparts.
 Planning alone boosts happiness: Research shows the biggest boost in happiness comes
from planning the vacation. A person can feel the effects up to eight weeks before the trip!

HOLIDAY TRIP
 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

1.INTRODUCTION :

1.1 PURPOSE

The project is aimed at planning a holiday trip system about how the tourist selects the
optimal path for his trip, and how he chooses to which restaurant he has to go. And this
project also makes it easy for the customer to search the menu card as it would appear sorted .

1.2 INTEND

The intent of this project is to :

Holiday Trip Planner travel planning functionality makes it easy for user to plan a holiday .
By pre planning your dream holiday, you can then proceed to book with ease.
Tourist is provided with the option to select a location where he wants to spend his holidays.
As soon as the location is selected by the user, he can list out the near by places of the
location along with the distances. Then he chooses the optimal path for his travel. For this, we
use the “traveling sales problem algorithm” to solve this problem.
Whenever the tourist feels like hunger, then he would like to go to the near by restaurants to
satisfy his hunger. For this , we are going to solve it by implementing the concept of
minimum cost spanning trees. This is achieved by using the Prims algorithm in this project.
After the tourist entered the restaurant, the tourist either wants to search the food or wants to
see the menu list. Incase the tourist wants to search the particular food item he wants to eat,
then he enters the name of the food item to search whether it is available or not. If the food is
available, then it would display the name of the item along with its price.
If the food is not available, it would show the exceptions. For this implementation, we use
Linear search.
If the tourist need to see the menu list, the the menu list would be displayed in a sorted order
of price. For this to implement , we use the Bubble sort algorithm.
In this way, we have planned the holiday trip for the tourists.

HOLIDAY TRIP
1.3 PRODUCT SCOPE

The scope of this project is .,

 Finding the optimal path for the whole trip
Tourist is provided with the option to select a location where he wants to spend his
holidays.
As soon as the location is selected by the user, he can list out the near by places of the
location along with the distances. Then he chooses the optimal path for his travel. For
this, we use the “traveling sales problem algorithm” to solve this problem.

 Finding the minimum cost to reach the restaurant

Whenever the tourist feels like hunger, then he would like to go to the near by
restaurants to satisfy his hunger. For this , we are going to solve it by implementing
the concept of minimum cost spanning trees. This is achieved by using the Prims
algorithm in this project.
 Search
Incase the tourist wants to search the particular food item he wants to eat, then he
enters the name of the food item to search whether it is available or not. If the food is
available, then it would display the name of the item along with its price.
If the food is not available, it would show the exceptions. For this implementation, we
use Linear search.

 Sort
If the tourist need to see the menu list, the the menu list would be displayed in a
sorted order of price. For this to implement , we use the Bubble sort algorithm.
In this way, we have planned the holiday trip for the tourists.

1.4 REFERENCES

 https://www.quosm.com/How-do-I-use-algorithms-and-data-structure-in-real-life
 https://www.quora.com/How-do-I-use-algorithms-and-data-structure-in-real-life
 https://www.allinahealth.org/HealthySetGo/SingleArticle.aspx?id=36507232167

HOLIDAY TRIP
.
2.OVERALL DESCRIPTION :

2.1 PRODUCT PERSPECTIVE

The product is developed specifically to provide ease to the tourist who want to make his
holiday trip. This project is developed specifically to help the tourist in finding an optimal
path of the cities where he wants to make a trip and to provide minimum spanning tree to get
to the restaurant. Then , he eithers searches the food he want to take or to see the menu list of
the food items in a sorted manner.

2.2 PRODUCT FUNCTION

some of the main functions in the faculty salary tracking system is:
tsp : city id
distances
prims: no of nodes
distances
loops
search :food item
available or not
sorting : list
item name
corresponding rate

2.3 USER CLASSES AND CHARECTERISTICS

End user :
The end user can have an ability to make the holiday trip plan as ease as possible through this
project.
No specific knowledge skills are required from the end user.

HOLIDAY TRIP
2.4 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT

Operating environment for the payroll management system is as listed below :

Distributed database
Operating system : Windows
Programming language :Java
RAM :8GB

2.5 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION CONSTRAINTS

Security :
The file in which the information regarding securities should be secured against the malicious
software.
Fault:
Data won’t be corrupted in case of the system crash or any failure.

2.6 USER DOCUMENTATION

The project is under development stage and requires a implemented prototype to explain the
user documentation.
User will be able to develop user manual from websites.

2.7 ASSUMPTIONS AND DEPENDENCIES

The product must have an interface which is simple enough to understand.

All necessary hardware and software are available for implementing and use of the tool.
The proposed system would be designed, developed and implemented based on the software
requirements specification document.
End users should have basic knowledge of computer and we also assure that the users will be
given software training documentation and reference material.
The system is not required to save the generated reports.

HOLIDAY TRIP
3. EXTERNAL INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS

3.1 USER INTERFACE

The application that will be developing will have a user friendly and menu based
interface.

3.2 HARDWARE INTERFACE

Server: Intel® Xeon® Processor E7 *

RAM - 16 GB

Hard Disk Space - 1 TB

Client: Intel Core i3 CPU with 8 GB of RAM and Internet Explorer/Firefox/Chrome

installed.

3.3 SOFTWARE INTERFACE

The application helps to minimize manual errors and cycle times. It offers benefits
such as efficient management .
 Operating system: window XP,Vista,7,8,8.1 and higher
 Platform : JAVA
 Language : Visual studio 2013

3.4 COMMUNICATION INTERFACE

 Develop and manage internal and external communication programs across a variety
of media platforms.
 Assist with special projects, including company anniversaries, speeches, special
initiatives, etc.
 Oversee the intranet and internal communications, ensuring relevant content and tools.
 Collaborate with departments to plan, launch, and assess specific objectives.

HOLIDAY TRIP
4.FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

The functional requirements that are required for the faculty salary tracking system are listed
in the form of modules:
F1: optimal path
Input: city id, distance
Output :optimal path
Processing: for finding the optimal path of the cities around the particular location .,the
travelling sales person algorithm is going to be used.
F2: Min cost
Input : cities , distances
Output: min distance
Processing : to find the minimum distance between the two nodes ., the prims algorithm is
going to be used .
F3:Searching
Input: food item
Output: food item with the rate
Processing : if the customer wants to eat the food he wants., the he searches for the food item
whether it is available in that restaurant or not. If the food item is available in the restaurant ,
then the output will be displayed in the format of the food item name along with its
corresponding rate. Otherwise , it shows us an exception.
F4:Sorting
Input: -
Output: menu list in sorted manner
Processing: if the user want to see the menu list in the form of the rated sorting manner ., the
the rates of the food items will be displayed in the sorted list along with the food item name.

HOLIDAY TRIP
5.Non functional requirements:

 This application is secure for every kind of its users because here is facility of session
management. If any user logout from any session then nobody will be able to access
his profile without knowing his confidential password.
 The database used here is robust ,reliable and fast. So users will have to wait for the
output very short time.
 This application can be accessed from any type of platform.
 There is no case of redundancy in the database so it will not take extra memory space.

Performance requirements:

 The overall system should be fast and error free.

 It should have built in error checking and correction facilities.
 The system should be able to handle large amount of data comfortably.

Safety requirements:

The source of this software will be kept at more than one place with user ID, password and
also in CD ROM in case of server failure.

Security requirements:

Security in this software provided to different user in different ways by giving user id. If user
is admin, he has all the privileges and constraints. He can access the entire database. He can
change or delete database from other user’s accounts. Employees have limited access
according to their role. Because of limited privileges one of them cannot update other details
of the candidate.

Availability requirement:

The system is designed to run 24/7 and be readily available to the user.

Reliability requirement:

HOLIDAY TRIP
In order to ensure reliability, this system is being designed using software that is established
to be stable and easy to use.

Maintainability requirement:

Specify attributes of software that relate to the ease of maintenance of the software itself.
There may be some requirement for certain modularity, interfaces, complexity etc.
Requirements should not be placed here just because they are thought to be good design
practices.

Portability requirement:

Specific attributes of software that relate to the ease of porting the software to other host
machines and/or operating systems. This may include :
 Percentage of code that is host-dependent.
 Percentage of components with host-dependent code.
 Use of proven portable language.
 Use of a particular compiler or language subset.
 Use of a particular operating system.

Usability requirement:

Usability is effort required to learn, operate, prepare input, and interpret output.

Software quality:

Software is designed to run 24/7 and be readily available to the user. It should be used
without any delay with correct authentication.

HOLIDAY TRIP
UML diagrams

ER - DIAGRAM

ER-Diagram refers to Entity- Relationship Diagram. An Entity Relationship Diagram is a type

of flowchart that illustrates how “entities” relate to each other within a system.

Uses of ER-Diagram:

Database design
Database trouble -shooting
Business information systems
Business process re-engineering
Education
Research

Entity :

Entities are the real world objects which are distinguishable in nature. Entities are represented
by rectangle. Entities are typically nouns such as product, customer, location, or promotion.
There are three types of entities commonly used in entity relationship diagrams.

Entity Symbol Name Description

Strong These shapes are independent from other entities, and are
entity often called parent entities, since they will often have
weak entities that depend on them. They will also have a
primary key, distinguishing each occurrence of the entity.

HOLIDAY TRIP
Entity Symbol Name Description

Weak entity Weak entities depend on some other entity type. They
don't have primary keys, and have no meaning in the
diagram without their parent entity.

Associative Associative entities relate the instances of several entity

entity types. They also contain attributes specific to the
relationship between those entity instances.

Attributes :

attributes are characteristics of the entity that help users to better understand the database.
Attributes are included to include details of the various entities that are highlighted in a
conceptual ER diagram.

Attribute Name Description

Symbol

Attribute Attributes are characteristics of an entity, a many-to-

many relationship, or a one-to-one relationship.

Multivalued Multivalued attributes are those that are can take on

attribute more than one value.

HOLIDAY TRIP
Attribute Name Description
Symbol

Derived Derived attributes are attributes whose value can be

attribute calculated from related attribute values.

Relationship :

Within entity-relationship diagrams, relationships are used to document the interaction

between two entities. Relationships are usually verbs such as assign, associate, or track and
provide useful information that could not be discerned with just the entity types.

Relationship Name Description

Symbol

Relationship Relationships are associations between or among

entities.

Weak Weak Relationships are connections between a

relationship weak entity and its owner.

Binary relationship :

The association between two entities can be called as binary relationship .

HOLIDAY TRIP
Ternary relationship :

The association among three entities can be called as ternary relationship.

Cardinality :

Cardinality is the number of instance of an entity from a relation that can be associated with
the relation.

 One-to-one − When only one instance of an entity is associated with the relationship,
it is marked as '1:1'. The following image reflects that only one instance of each
entity should be associated with the relationship. It depicts one-to-one relationship.

 One-to-many − When more than one instance of an entity is associated with a

relationship, it is marked as '1:N'. The following image reflects that only one instance
of entity on the left and more than one instance of an entity on the right can be
associated with the relationship. It depicts one-to-many relationship.

 Many-to-one − When more than one instance of entity is associated with the
relationship, it is marked as 'N:1'. The following image reflects that more than one
instance of an entity on the left and only one instance of an entity on the right can be
associated with the relationship. It depicts many-to-one relationship.

 Many-to-many − The following image reflects that more than one instance of an
entity on the left and more than one instance of an entity on the right can be
associated with the relationship. It depicts many-to-many relationship.

Participation Constraints :
 Total Participation − Each entity is involved in the relationship. Total participation is
represented by double lines.

 Partial participation − Not all entities are involved in the relationship. Partial
participation is represented by single lines.

 Directed association :
 It refers to a directional relationship represented by a line with an arrowhead. The
arrowhead depicts a container-contained directional flow.

HOLIDAY TRIP
 Reflexive association :
 This occurs when a class may have multiple functions or responsibilities. For example,
a staff member working in an airport may be a pilot, aviation engineer, a ticket
dispatcher, a guard, or a maintenance crew member. If the maintenance crew member
is managed by the aviation engineer there could be a managed by relationship in two
instances of the same class.
 Multiplicity :
 is the active logical association when the cardinality of a class in relation to another is
being depicted.
 Aggregation :
 refers to the formation of a particular class as a result of one class being aggregated or
built as a collection. To show aggregation in a diagram, draw a line from the parent
class to the child class with a diamond shape near the parent class.

 Composition:

 The composition relationship is very similar to the aggregation relationship. with the
only difference being its key purpose of emphasizing the dependence of the contained
class to the life cycle of the container class. That is, the contained class will be
obliterated when the container class is destroyed.

 To show a composition relationship in a UML diagram, use a directional line

connecting the two classes, with a filled diamond shape adjacent to the container class
and the directional arrow to the contained class.

HOLIDAY TRIP
 Inheritance / Generalization :

 It refers to a type of relationship wherein one associated class is a child of another by

virtue of assuming the same functionalities of the parent class. In other words, the
child class is a specific type of the parent class. To show inheritance in a UML
diagram, a solid line from the child class to the parent class is drawn using an unfilled
arrowhead.

 Realization :

 It denotes the implementation of the functionality defined in one class by another

class. To show the relationship in UML, a broken line with an unfilled solid
arrowhead is drawn from the class that defines the functionality of the class that
implements the function.

HOLIDAY TRIP
 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

Activity diagram is another important diagram in UML to describe the dynamic aspects of
the system.

Activity diagram is basically a flowchart to represent the flow from one activity to another
activity. The activity can be described as an operation of the system.

The control flow is drawn from one operation to another. This flow can be sequential,
branched, or concurrent. Activity diagrams deal with all type of flow control by using
different elements such as fork, join, etc

Purpose of Activity Diagrams

The basic purposes of activity diagrams is similar to other four diagrams. It captures the
dynamic behaviour of the system. Other four diagrams are used to show the message flow
from one object to another but activity diagram is used to show message flow from one
activity to another.

Activity is a particular operation of the system. Activity diagrams are not only used for
visualizing the dynamic nature of a system, but they are also used to construct the executable
system by using forward and reverse engineering techniques. The only missing thing in the
activity diagram is the message part.

It does not show any message flow from one activity to another. Activity diagram is
sometimes considered as the flowchart. Although the diagrams look like a flowchart, they
are not. It shows different flows such as parallel, branched, concurrent, and single.

The purpose of an activity diagram can be described as −

 Draw the activity flow of a system.

 Describe the sequence from one activity to another.

 Describe the parallel, branched and concurrent flow of the system.

Before drawing an activity diagram, we should identify the following elements −

 Activities

 Association

HOLIDAY TRIP
  Conditions

 Constraints

Following diagram is drawn with the four main activities −

 Send order by the customer

 Receipt of the order

 Confirm the order

 Dispatch the order

After receiving the order request, condition checks are performed to check if it is normal or
special order. After the type of order is identified, dispatch activity is performed and that is
marked as the termination of the process.

Activity diagram can be used for −

 Modelling work flow by using activities.

 Modelling business requirements.

 High level understanding of the system's functionalities.

 Investigating business requirements at a later stage.

HOLIDAY TRIP
 3. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

The background behind our project is to make easy process to the user who want to plan their

holidays by making the trip. While planning for the trip ., the first and foremost problem that

occurs here was Where should we make our trip.

If once the location for making the trip is confirmed ., then what places to be visited at the

surroundings and in the location. And in what order , we should visit the travelling places .

While travelling , the tourist may feel hunger . He want to avoid his hunger feeling by moving

to the restaurant which is nearby to his present’s location.

After entering into the restaurant , the persons either wants to eat the food what he likes to eat

it then or he wants to see the menu list of the food items available in that restaurant in the

sorted manner of the food item rates.

The problems that are arise when a person wants to make a trip in their holiday’s schedule can

be avoided by implementing some of the design algorithms. The problem about the visiting

the places one after the other can be solved by using the “travelling sales person algorithm”.

To saisfy the user’s hunger , he must go to the nearby restaurant by using the “prims

minimum cost spanning tree algorithm”. The user can search the food item that he want to eat

then can be solved by using “linear search algorithm”. If the food item is entered by the user

is available , then it will displays the food item name along with its cost. If the user wants to

see the menu list , then the menu list can be viewed by the user in the ascending order of the

rates of the food items there. This can be achieved by the “sorting technique” ,here we have

used “bubble sorting technique” .

HOLIDAY TRIP