Tai Phāke Script-Pā I

YkWfX
[??? ?
World1 Tipiṭaka
-1 in Tai Scripts
15-Script Set
[yg`dawydwu]1
[??Pāḷitepiṭaka
?? ?? ???? ??]
World Edition
Tai Phāke Script-Pāḷi
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka rthography based on

The Chulachomklao of Syām BE 24 6 Edition
40 Vols.
(i)
BENEDICTION
by
His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara
The Supreme Patriarch of Thailand
Patron of
The World Tipiṭaka Project
The M.L. Maniratana Bunnag Dhamma Society Fund
Major Suradhaj Bunnag, my ordainee saddhivihārika, who was ordained as a

Buddhist monk under royal patronage, and who is the Chancellor of the M.L. Maniratana
Bunnag Dhamma Society Fund under the Patronage of His Holiness the Supreme Patriarch
of Thailand, has informed me that he will publish the complete Pāḷi-language Tipiṭaka of
the Great International Council Buddhist Era 2500 (1956) in Roman script, for the first
time in Thailand. This Pāḷi Tipiṭaka has been meticulously edited by 2,500 Buddhist
monks of the highest scholastic repute in the Theravāda tradition from around the world.
The Romanised script edition of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, comprising 1,000 complete sets each
containing 40 volumes, will be presented as gifts of Dhamma to major international
institutions all over the world.
(ii)
I thereby designate this commemorative Pāḷi Tipiṭaka edition

in Pāḷi :
Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500
and in English :
The Buddhist Era 2500 Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka
The Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is the Holy Teachings of the Buddha, the Teacher of man and
divine beings. The Pāḷi Tipiṭaka falls into three divisions1, namely, Vinayapiṭaka, the Book
on the Disciplines; Suttantapiṭaka, the Book on the Discourses; and Abhidhammapiṭaka,
the Book on the Ultimate Realities. It comprises 84,000 Dhammakhandhas, or Dhamma
sections.
As He approached Parinibbāna, the Buddha uttered:
216 484...yo vo, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito

paññatto, so vo mamaccayena satthā...
7D2:484 BY - NC - ND
Ānanda, the Dhamma (Doctrine) which I have expounded and the

Vinaya (Discipline) which I have established for you all, the Dhamma
and the Vinaya will be your Teacher after I am gone...
Translation from The World Tipiṭaka Edition M2500: 7D2:4843
1
In the World Tipiṭaka Edition, the entire Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is divided into 86 Pāḷi sections according to 86
Pāḷi Titles of the Buddhist Era 2500 (1957) Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka. See Quick Guide.
2
See Dīghanikāya, Vol. 7, Book Division No. 216 of the Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Edition of the Buddhist
Era 2500 Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, published by the Dhamma Society in Roman script
in B.E. 2545, and is referred in the new system of Tipiṭaka Studies Reference in this edition as M2500:
7D2.216, the Paragraph Number 484 is used instead of the Book Division Number 216.
3
See footnote 2
(iii)
Consequently, five hundred Arahanta Elders, who were all led by Venerable
Mahākassapa Arahanta held the First Great Council for compilation of the Buddha’s
words in the Tipiṭaka at the city of Rājagaha in ancient India. The gathering of the
arahantas at the First Great Council is called in Pāḷi as Paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti. Thereafter
there were Great Councils with a view to perpetuate the Teachings of the Buddha.
Buddhists all over the world regard the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka as the Buddha Himself. Hence,
the compilation of the Buddha’s words and the propagation of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka are
profound meritorious acts.
Thailand’s friendly Buddhist countries including Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia,

and Laos which profess Theravāda Buddhasāsana held, during Buddhist Era 2497-2499
(1953-1955), in Yangon, the Great Council of the Buddha’s Teaching. The Buddhist
monks who were well-versed in the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka were invited from all over the world
to edit and verify the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka.
With the approval of the Ecclesiastical Council under the auspices of the Royal
Thai Government, a group of Buddhist monks from Thailand including myself took part
in this Great Council. Their Majesties the King and Queen of Thailand made a State
Visit to Yangon, Myanmar, in Buddhist Era 2503 (1960), and offered their royal support
to the Great International Council along with the Heads of State of other countries. In
Their Majesties’ offcial suite, was included Thanphuying M.L. Maniratana Bunnag,
Her Majesty the Queen’s Lady-in-Waiting.
With the completion of the Romanization of the Buddhist Era 2500 Great
International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka Edition, Thanphuying M.L. Maniratana Bunnag
expressed her deepest appreciation and acted as leader in organizing the Romanised
edition to be published and propagated all over the world in commemoration on the
auspicious 72nd Royal Anniversary Birth of His Majesty the King, the Buddhist Sovereign
Monarch of the Thai Nation, in Buddhist Era 2542 (1999).
(iv)
I would, therefore, like to offer commendation for this profound meritorious act.
May happiness and peace pervade the whole universe through the omnipotent power
of the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Saṁgha, through the omnipotent power of the
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka with 84,000 Dhammakhandhas, through the omnipotent power of Phra
Syāmadevādhirāja, the Guardian Deity of Siam, and through the omnipotent power of
the highest god brahma and deities of the whole universe. May Their Majesties, King
Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great Dhamma Protector and Queen Sirikit of Thailand, who
are both endowed with benevolent and excellent qualities and ever-firmly devoted to
Buddhasāsana, and all the members of royal lineage, be blessed with longevity, happiness
and peace.
May the highest brahma gods and deities, as well as human and all beings,
joyously celebrate and bless those who have piously donated money and kind toward this
profound meritorious act of preparation the complete Pāḷi Tipiṭaka Edition in Roman
Script4 published in the Kingdom of Thailand, the first of its kind in the world, for their
happiness and prosperity, now and always.
His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara

20 October Buddhist Era 2542 (1999),

amended, 25 January Buddhist Era 2545 (2002)
Bovornives Vihāra, Bangkok.
4
The first three inaugural sets were graciously presented as gifts of Dhamma in 2005 by Her Royal Highness
Princess Galyani Vadhana Krom Luang Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra, the Royal Matriarch of Thailand,
to the President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka in Colombo, Vice Chancellor of
Uppsala University in Uppsala, Kingdom of Sweden, and President of the Constitutional Court of the
Kingdom of Thailand in Bangkok.
See Royal Message of the Tipiṭaka Presentation in Tipiṭaka Studies Reference 2007.
(vii)
DHAMMA SOCIETY
The M.L. Maniratana Bunnag Dhamma Society Fund
Under the Patronage of His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara
INTRODUCTION
The Importance of the Tipiṭaka in Buddhasāsana

by
Venerable Phra Dhammapiṭaka
(P. A. Payutto)
The term Buddhasāsana or Buddhism is generally used to convey a wide variety

of meanings ranging from the Dhamma, the Saṁgha, their organizations and activities, to
all religious sites and objects. However, if we examine the term to penetrate to its core,
the meaning of Buddhasāsana is straightforward —its literal reading, “the Teachings of
the Buddha,” which is the essence of Buddhasāsana; everything else is an extension or
out growth of His Teachings1.
1
In the World Tipiṭaka Edition, the entire Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is devided into 86 sections of Pāḷi according to
the Pāḷi Titles of the Buddhist Era Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka. See Quick Guide
(viii)
Once we have grasped the true meaning of the term, we will realize that the
continuation of Buddhasāsana means the existence of the Buddha’s Teachings. Were
they to become vague or disappear, no matter how numerous are devotees and activities
or how imposing religious institutions and objects are, it could not be said that
Buddhasāsana exists. On the contrary, should those extraneous tangibles disintegrate
while the Teachings of the Buddha remain, people can still have an opportunity to
know Buddhasāsana. Consequently, Buddhasāsana can truly be upheld through the
preservation of the Buddha’s Teachings.
Dhamma and Vinaya : Embodiment and Abode of the Buddha
Buddhasāsana or the Teachings of the Buddha refer to the words of the Buddha, or
His speech. Therefore, the preservation of Buddhasāsana is essentially the preservation of
the words that the Buddha uttered in His sermons and the Discipline He laid down.
All Buddhists are well aware that the Dhamma and the Vinaya represent the
Buddha, for the Buddha Himself said:
216 484...Yo vo, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito

paññatto, so vo mamaccayena satthā...
7D2:484 BY - NC - ND
Ānanda, the Dhamma (Doctrine) which I have expounded and the

Vinaya (Discipline) which I have established for you all, the Dhamma
and the Vinaya will be your Teacher after I am gone...
Translation from The World Tipiṭaka Edition M2500: 7D2:484
2
See Dīghanikāya, Vol. 7, Book Division No. 216 of the Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Edition of the Buddhist
Era 2500 Great International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, published by the Dhamma Society in Roman script
since B.E. 2545, and is referred in the new system of Tipiṭaka Reference in this edition as M2500:
7D2.216, the Paragraph Number 484 is used instead of the Book Division Number 216.
(ix)
Buddha’s words are, therefore, both the embodiment and abode of the Teacher
as they uphold and proclaim the Dhamma and the Vinaya for Him.
Thus, it is most vital to preserve the Buddha’s words, the key to the continuation
of Buddhasāsana. Attempts to preserve them have been made since the Buddha’s lifetime,
while the Teacher was still alive.
Saṅgīti : Preservation of the Buddha’s Words
The procedure is to collect all the words that the Buddha had uttered in the
course of His teaching and divide them into sections for easy recollection. Those who
took part would go over them thoroughly with questions and answers for the purpose of
clarification until they reached full agreement. Participants would then chant the words
together to vouchsafe their acknowledgement and establish the words thus gathered
as the standard of reference to be committed to memory and handed down to future
generations. This method is called Saṅgīti, which literally means “chanting together”.
This manner of Saṅgīti, or chanting together, was set as a precedent in the

Buddha’s lifetime by Venerable Sāriputta, the chief disciple of the Buddha. Before
the Buddha and the gathering of monks, Venerable Sāriputta collected the words of
the Teacher together and arranged them on the basis of the number of items in their
composition into groups of one to groups of ten as they now appear in the Saṅgītisutta.
When the disciple finished his recitation, the Buddha gave an exclamation of approval.
The First Great Tipiṭaka Council of the Buddhist Era, B.E. 1
Later, almost immediately after the Buddha passed into Parinibbāna3, the greatest
and most important Saṅgīti took place4. Seven days after the death of the Teacher,
the Venerable Mahākassapa asked the monks to assemble for a Saṅgīti. When they all
agreed, preparations were made and the First Saṅgīti was held at Rājagaha only three
months after the Passing Away of the Teacher.
3
The Passing Away of the Buddha the year of which the Buddhist Era was first established.
4
Cūḷavagga Vinayapiṭaka, Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 Vol. 4, No. 437, M2500: 4V4.437
(x)
The gathering of the Buddha’s words at this great assembly was done in this
manner. The five hundred Arahants who had come in time to attend the last sermon
of the Buddha met together and chose those who could recall accurately the Buddha’s
words in each area. The Venerable Upāli5 was chosen for the Discipline; the Venerable
Ānanda6, for the Teachings. Then those who were well versed in the area would recite the
words of the Teacher to the assembly. The Venerable Mahākassapa, who presided over
the meeting, laid down the rules for presentation by grouping and sequencing questions
to be asked; that is, it was done systematically.
Had the recitation of the Buddha’s words, together with their context, taken
place in the Buddha’s lifetime, He would have endorsed them Himself. However, since
the First Saṅgīti took place after the Teacher had passed away, the burden fell on the
Arahants who had arrived in time to see the Teacher and listen to His final sermon to
ensure their accuracy by means of catechism. When consensus was reached, the assembly
chanted the words together and committed them to memory to be passed on. Thus the
tradition was established.
The First Saṅgīti is the most important as the Teacher’s words that were compiled
and memorized then were to be the standard. What remains to be done is to keep the
collection of the Buddha’s words, the results of the First Saṅgīti, intact in its entirety.
Consequently, since then emphasis has been put on recitation as a means of preserving
the Buddha’s words and the monks who were entrusted with their preservation were
allotted sections to memorize.
This implies that the First Saṅgīti is the only one true to the meaning of Saṅgīti
-- the sense of compiling and chanting together the words of the Buddha. Subsequent
Saṅgītis were only meetings where monks who had committed the Buddha’s words to
memory convened to cross-examine one another to ensure that the collection of the
Teacher’s words from the First Saṅgīti was still intact and free from any interpolation.
5
6
(xi)
Saṅgīti and Tipiṭaka : Principles of Theravāda Buddhasāsana
The words of the Buddha and their context preserved through memorization were
arranged and classified into what is called the Tipiṭaka, comprising the Vinayapiṭaka7
(Book of Discipline), the Suttantapiṭaka8 (Book of Sermons), and the Abhidhammapiṭaka9
(Book of the Higher Teaching).
Later on, the preservation of the Buddha’s words meant taking on the burden
of excluding interpolations of extraneous teachings and practices. It, therefore, had
the additional task of maintaining the Buddha’s words as the standard against which
instructions and practices were examined. The term Saṅgīti has thus extended its meaning
to cover the purging of extraneous instructions and practices.
Moreover, after some time, certain people took the extended meaning as central
to the Saṅgīti to the extent that its true meaning fell into oblivion. At present, some
people have gone so far as to mistakenly believe that participants of the Saṅgīti have
assembled to examine the Teachings in the Tipiṭaka regarding right and wrong views or
concepts. This amounts to ruling that the teachings of the Buddha here and there are
right or wrong and to setting about to rectify them, while the real import of Saṅgīti is
to verify that the words of the Teacher have been preserved intact in their entirety. It
is, therefore, imperative in this present age to place emphasis on the true meaning of
the term Saṅgīti so that it can be distinguished from other meanings that have accrued.
The history of Saṅgīti in its true though extended meaning of an assembly to go

over the words of the Buddha and cross-examine them to ensure that they have remained
pure, unaltered and intact can be divided into two periods. In the first, the work was
done orally, known as “mukhapāṭha”; in the second, it was put down in writing, known
as “potthakāropana”.
7
See in this 40-Volume Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 “The World Tipiṭaka Edition” or The
World Tipiṭaka, Volume 1-5 or M2500 Vol. 1-5
8
M2500 Vol. 6-28
9
M2500 Vol. 29-40
(xii)
Mukhapāṭha : First Period of Tipiṭaka Transmission, before B.E. 460
This period lasted for about 460 years from the Buddha’s lifetime. The monks
memorized the Teacher’s words through recitation called mukhapāṭha, which simply
means “by word of mouth,” that is, study-memorize-impart orally. This method meant
that preservation was entrusted to individuals. What is good about this is that the
Saṁgha realized how vital it was to preserve the Buddha’s words. They, therefore,
could not afford to be remiss and thus carefully committed the words to memory in
their entirety. To them, preservation of the Buddha’s words was of utmost importance
in upholding Buddhasāsana.
Preservation by mukhapāṭha was carried out through recitation, which could

be classified into four levels:
1. The responsibility fell on the majority of monks who followed along the lines
of teachers of old, called Ācariyaparamparā or Theravaṁsa10, established by
senior monks who were present at the First Saṅgīti. For instance, the Venerable
Upāli, who excelled in the Discipline, had undertaken the task of preserving and
explaining the words of the Buddha in that section and of handing them down.
2. The study of the Buddha’s words was the main activity in the life of a monk,
for it served as a basis for right practices, which led to insight. Specialization,
however, depended on individual dispositions. Therefore, there were groups of
monks who were experts in different sections of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka. For example,
some specialized in Dīghanikāya11, the Collection of Long Discourses, as well as
its commentary or Aṭṭhakathā, and were called Dīghabhāṇaka12 or chanters of
Long Discourses. Likewise, there were Majjhimabhāṇaka, chanters of Middle-
length Discourses; Saṁyuttabhāṇaka, chanters of Connected Discourses;
Aṅguttarabhāṇaka, chanters of the Collection of Numerical Sayings; and
Khuddakabhāṇaka, chanters of the Various Collections.
10
Ācariyavaṁsa, Ācariyavāda M2500: 28Mi.132/7
Ācariyaparamparā, Theraparamparā, Vaṁsaparamparā M2500: 1V.A.45
11
See for example Dīghanikāya Suttantapiṭaka, Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka, Vol. 6-8, M2500: 6D1, 7D2, 8D3
12
See also the commentary
(xiii)
3. It was a routine in a temple for each group to meet and recite the Buddha’s
words in unison. (This practice may have given rise to the routine of morning-
evening chanting of today.)
4. It was the practice of a monk as stated in an Aṭṭhakathā or Commentary that

whoever was free from other activities should sit reciting the Buddha’s words.
This meant that reciting the words of the Teacher was part of his religious
practice.
Saṁgha and Tisikkhā : Buddhist Monks and Tipiṭaka Studies
As Buddhist monks lived in a community called Saṁgha, regulated by the

Discipline to proceed along the course of Tisikkhā or threefold learning and practice13,
every one of them fully realized that the Buddha’s words in the Tipiṭaka were the
essence of Buddhasāsana and had to be kept whole and pure. The recitation to preserve
them, the studious atmosphere in imparting and seeking knowledge, and the question
and answer sessions for clarification that would lead to proper practice all ensured that
revision and verification were carried out normally, continuously.
That this method has preserved the Buddha’s words intact in their entirety has
been fully attested. Words on the same topic repeated four or five times under different
headings or sections that were entrusted to different groups of experts are generally
identical in expression. This also proves how accurately monks in the past memorized
the Buddha’s words. Moreover, the number of words each committed to memory was
astronomical. Instances of this can still be found at present. In Myanmar several monks
who have been appointed Tipiṭakadhara, or bearer of the Tipiṭaka, are able to recite
the entire Pāḷi Tipiṭaka (This totaled to 2,708,706 words in Pāḷi or 20,606,104 letters
in Roman script).
13
Tisso sikkhā— abhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā, adhipaññāsikkhā M2500: 1V1.45 – Three fold learning
and practice namely, learning and practice in higher morality, learning and practice in higher mentality,
learning and practice in higher wisdom.
(xiv)
Potthakāropana : Second Period of Tipiṭaka Transmission, after B.E. 460
This refers to the period when all of the Buddha’s words and their context in
the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka were put down in writing; in other words, they were preserved with
external objects. It began about 460 B.E. (83 B.C.), when the Fourth Saṅgīti was held
at Aluvihare in old Sri Lanka.14
The Fourth Saṅgīti took place because of concern over political and environmental
changes at that time. There were misgivings, that they would affect the task of committing
the Buddha’s words to memory and handing them down. It was also foreseen that future
generations would regress in terms of concentration and intelligence. For instance, their
will and faith would be so weakened that they would be unable to preserve the Buddha’s
words by word of mouth. It was, therefore, decided to inscribe the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka on ola
leaves.
In one way, preservation in writing seems to assure stability and permanency;

that is to say, the text would remain as it is until the material used rots away or is
destroyed. However, this method has a weakness. It makes people overconfident, resting
assured that the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is in ola leaves or books. They then become slack in their
attention to the recitation, revision, and study of the text, and perhaps reaching the
point of negligence.
Furthermore, the writing of texts in the old days depended on scribes. Whenever
texts were copied, errors and omissions were bound to occur. Thus, not only letters
may have been omitted from words but whole words or lines may have disappeared.
Sometimes those who were to preserve the text themselves were not skillful in inscription
and so had to have the work done by other scribes. Some of these men might have been
inept in Pāḷi and the Buddha’s words or ignorant of both. If that was the case, chances
of their making mistakes were even greater. Slips of this type were common knowledge
in Thai society in the old days regarding the copying of medicinal formulas. Thus, we
have a common saying: “taking medicine from the third copy means death.”
14
The Mahāvaṁsa, section 33.99
(xv)
Consequently, when preservation of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka relies on outside materials,

not individuals, it is crucial to have a common authoritative volume that has been
carefully written and edited. This volume should be kept at a center somewhere to serve
as the pillar for the Saṁgha and for the country.
It so happens that in an age when the Buddha’s words have been preserved in
writing, Buddhasāsana has flourished and become a national faith of several countries.
Each has established its own copy of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka that is the pillar of the country.
Measures have been taken to assure that the text remains intact and free from impurities.
For example, in this region a Saṅgīti was convened by King Tilakarāja of Lanna15 and
another one was held in the reign of King Buddha Yod Fah the Great16 of the Ratanakosin
period.
Though more than a thousand years have elapsed, comparison of the Pāḷi
Tipiṭaka of Buddhist countries has revealed that they agree on the whole with some
differences in script. Considering the length of the text, the discrepancies are negligible.
This shows that the text has been accurately maintained with full understanding of its
great import.
Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti : The Buddhist Era 2500 Great International Council
When Buddhasāsana reached the twenty-fifth century of the Buddhist Era,

Theravāda Buddhist countries all prepared grand celebrations. The First International
Saṅgīti was convened in Myanmar from B.E. 2496 to 2500 (C.E. 1952 - 1956). Buddhist
monks and scholars from every country that embraces the Theravāda tradition of
Buddhasāsana and countries where Buddhasāsana is taught assembled in Myanmar to
go over the text of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka prepared by the Burmese together with versions in
different scripts from other countries. This convocation is referred to as Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti,
the Sixth Saṅgīti, and recognized by all Buddhist countries.
15
B.E. 2020 (1477) Present-day Lanna is in Northern Thailand.
16
B.E. 2331 (1788) Founder of Bangkok and the Present Royal House of Chakri.
(xvi)
However, soon after the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti was over, there occurred turmoil and
political changes in Myanmar. This may have been the reason why the preservation
and printing of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka of the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti had not proceeded smoothly,
causing confusion between the Burmese version that had been used as a draft and the
resolution version that was the outcome of the Saṅgīti.
Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka :The World Edition in Roman Script, B.E. 2545
Now, the M.L. Maniratana Bunnag Dhamma Society Fund under the patronage
of His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara the Supreme Patriarch of Thailand17 is about
to publish in Roman script the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, the version that has been
revised and edited by international monks of the Theravāda Buddhist tradition. The
Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is thus made accessible to the international community.
With patience, determination and carefully laid-out procedures, there is a report

that the working committee has discovered the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti Pāḷi Tipiṭaka that was
printed at different times and has distinguished between the first edition and an edited
version that was printed. Moreover, portions of later printed versions have been noted
for what they truly are. The committee has worked hard to get the version that is most
accurate. This has then been rechecked against the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka written in various
scripts from several countries. It seems that the goal of the Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti has finally
been realized.
Furthermore, the committee has made full use of the latest technological advances.
It is able to set out an effcient system of reference, and has a database that can be
used for further studies and research on the Tipiṭaka, such as electronic data storing in
CD-ROM with an easy search program.18
17
See the 20 October B.E. 2542 Benediction by His Holiness the Supreme Patriarch of Thailand for the
Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (The Buddhist Era 2500 Great International Council Pāḷi
Tipiṭaka Edition) published by the Dhamma Society in Roman Script in B.E. 2545 (1st edition), B.E.
2548 (2nd edition)
18
See Preface to the Publication of the Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka 2500 Edition.
(xvii)
Nevertheless, the ultimate goal of the task is to keep the Buddha’s words that
have come to us in the form of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka intact, free from interpolations. It
must be true to the collection that came out of the First Saṅgīti. This will enable the
reader to have access to the original words of the Buddha with no interference from the
views of others. Even opinions of Dhammasaṁgāhakācariya, or the compiling teachers
of the Dhamma, if they occurred, are to be marked and distinguished. They are open
for intellectual study to the full.
As it has been pointed out earlier, as long as the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka exists, Buddhasāsana
will remain in its true and original form. Therefore, as long as the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka exists,
people still have an opportunity to learn and benefit from Buddhasāsana.
Tipiṭaka in the Modern World
Although man has made great progress in the past thousands of years in terms
of civilization and reached what is now known as the Age of Globalization, he has not
been able to free himself or overcome suffering, oppression, and even war. Man expects
that ethics arising from various religious beliefs will help solve these problems. However,
most beliefs provide only commandments or orders that man has to observe with faith.
By embracing such a belief man rises above problems within himself and those with
his fellow men and put his faith in the rewards and punishments meted out by a power
believed to be supernatural.
In this respect, Buddhasāsana as embodied in the words of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is

distinctively different. It teaches the morality and ethics of self-development that will
release man of all problems. He will thus attain full freedom, extricating himself from
dictates of external forces.
(xviii)
Man at present has advanced to a stage that can be considered the peak of
civilization. At this point, progress entails problems that bring about suffering on all
sides, ranging from lifestyles to social and environmental issues.
It is evident that civilization at this height has brought man the whole range of
suffering but is unable to lead him out of it.
More and more people are beginning to realize that Buddhasāsana as expressed
in the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is the answer that can rid mankind of all suffering.
At the core of this is the problem of life, which is the most deeply felt. The
suffering in man’s mind, even the most rudimentary such as stress, has become a weighty
problem of mankind today. Buddhasāsana incorporates the teaching that is deemed most
proficient in ridding the ultimate problem of life — mental suffering. It penetrates natural
truth by means of intelligence and eradicates the seed of suffering from the mind. Thus,
the mind is free, clear and untarnished, and suffering will never recur.
Tipiṭaka as Important Source for Wisdom and World Peace
Out of the self and into a wider circle man is faced with social problems. Suffering
comes from erroneous relations, which turn into violence and exploitation of fellow men.
At this level, Buddhasāsana is prominent as a religion that spreads without the use of
swords. Religious wars have never been fought in its name and none of its precepts can
ever be used to justify invasions or wars. Throughout its history Buddhasāsana has
truly advocated peace and loving-kindness to all. Thus sages have acknowledged that it
is the first and truly pacifistic movement of the world. The Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is, therefore,
the most important source from which peace-loving people can study principles and
procedures that could secure peace for mankind.
(xix)
The outermost circle surrounding man and his society is the environment,
especially the ecological system, which is in serious trouble, threatening the survival of
mankind.
Now it is generally accepted that these environmental problems stem from an

erroneous concept, which is at the base of present-day civilization — the belief that
man is separate from nature. Because of this man has a negative attitude towards his
environment. He is intent on gaining power to overcome nature so that he can manipulate
it to his advantage. To solve this problem man needs a new concept to form a new
base.
The Middle Way
On this matter Buddhasāsana teaches the Middle Way19 — to know things as

they really are. Nature is a system of relations between all things including man, which
are components that are interdependent.
Man is a special component in this system as he can be trained and developed.

When man improves himself and acquires admirable qualities, he will be refined physically
and mentally, inclined to render assistance to others and think creatively. Furthermore,
training will develop his intellect, enabling him to gain insight into the system of relations,
which are interdependent, and realize that it must proceed smoothly. When man has
developed these fine attributes, he will know how to live his life and see to it that all
things in nature that are systematically interrelated, proceed in harmony. This is the
way that will lead man to a happy world free from exploitation.
19
Majjhimā paṭipadā
(xx)
In short, Buddhasāsana offers a base for new concepts that will shift the trend
in human development from man as an opponent attempting to overcome nature to a
component assisting in coexistence of all in nature.
When Buddhasāsana is seen as useful in solving this crucial problem, the Tipiṭaka
will be a rich source for research and study to such end.
Tipiṭaka as Dāna : a Gift of Dhamma from Thailand
It is hoped that the World Tipiṭaka Edition, the Buddhist Era 2500 Great
International Council Pāḷi Tipiṭaka, published by the M.L. Maniratana Bunnag Dhamma
Society Fund under the patronage of His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara the Supreme
Patriarch, in honour of Their Majesties the King and Queen of Thailand, to be presented
as a Gift of Dhamma worldwide, will serve as a bearer of the Buddha’s teachings that
travels great distances. This messenger has the mission to deliver the Teacher’s words,
which are beautiful at the beginning, beautiful in the middle and beautiful at the end20,
as uttered by the Buddha when He directed the first group of disciples to proclaim His
message for the benefit of all mankind.
Venerable Phra Dhammapiṭaka21

(P. A. Payutto)
October 9, B.E. 2545 (2002)
20
Desetha, bhikkhave, dhammaṁ ādikalyāṇaṁ majjhekalyāṇaṁ pariyosānakalyāṇaṁ … M2500: 3V3.32
21
Phra Bhrama Khunabarana
(xxiii)
C World Tipiṭaka Sajjhāya Phonetic Edition in Various Tai Scripts

with Lahu Garu Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
1 kalyāṇadhamma
ka lyā ṇa dham ma
ชRoman Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital
กัล๎ยาณธัม์มํ ชTai Syām Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

2 ka lyā ṇa d am ma
h
กลยาณธมมํฺ
3 ka lyā ˇṇa dham ma
ชTai Thai Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital
กล ฯาณธมฯํฯ ชTai Yuan Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

4 ka lyā ṇa d am ma h
ชTai Lōng Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

5 uvfbKEXrfr>
ka lyā ṇa d am ma
h
dy]pkItTy,,Y ชTai Lao Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

d]CkIT,?Y ชTai Kün Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

7 ka lyā ṇa dham ma
ᦂᩃᩣᨱᨵᨾᩴ ชTai Lü Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

ชTai Khamti Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

9 uvf,gEXrfrH
ka lyā ṇa d am ma
h
klqÂaöDmqmÈ ชTai Āhom Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

10 ละหุka
คะรุlyā ṇa d am ma
h
ชTai Phāke Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

11 uvf,gEXrfrH
ka lyā ṇa d am ma h
12 ka lyā ṇa d am mah
ชThai Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital
ม ชTai Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital
ชPāḷi Alphabet ช40 Vols./Digital

2 3 2
15 ka lyā ṇa dham ma
ชPāḷi Notation ช250 Vols./Digital
16 ชDigital Tai Pāḷi Sound ชDigital Only

(xxiv)
Example of Lahu and Garu Sound
An excerpt from the Dhammacakkappavattanasutta, the World Tipiṭaka Phonetic Edition 2018,
illustrating the Lahu and Garu Orthographic writing symbols in Thai and Roman
Scripts in accordance with the Tipiṭaka Kaccāyana Pāḷi Grammar and its Commentaries. The
Lahu sound printed in light lettering is a quick-syllable pronunciation. The Garu sound, printed
in bold lettering, is a prolonged-syllable pronunciation.
�!�(
�!�(�� *�%
�*�%
ออ ��*�-
��*�-
�ออ
� �� 23� C!#;D C!!D C!"#$D C!%D CC!"!0#*D$ C!&D C!"!$#*D$ C-!"$D CB!"$D $
�!�(
�!�( ออ
�� *�%
�*�%
��#��&ออ/� /�
��#��& ��#�� C!E;D C!9D C!&D C!+D C!/D C!@D C!FD C-!D CB!D C!E0DG
� ��
� � ��
� � � � � � � � � � �
� � � � Lahu
Lahu
na mō tas sa bha ga va tō 11  ะ
 aa
5 6 1 1
2 3
1 1 22  ิ
� � � � � � ��
��
� ��
� ��
 ii
� � � � � � � � � � �
� � 33  ุ
 uu
�� h� ��
bud d a sa ra ṇa gac chā mi 44  า็ -
ā-
 ā-
3 4
55  เ ็-
% �� & %� &+�� &� %

ē-
) �� $� &
�
 ē-
� #� � $�
" " � " " " " "
�
25
� � � � � � �
�
66  โ ็-
ō-
 ō-
ta ṇhā pō nōb bha vi kā
2 6 2
1
1 1
�&
"#
, -# � )$
'
.(
'( &� % &� &� &� � 4( ! "#, 5$'($
67(
& & � ,� &�
�&
�� &� �
"% " " " " " % %
" " " "
!
12
� � � � � � �
!
�#� � �� $� *0 #ว็1 า] ก h ต
duk kha sa mu da ya svāk k ā tō
3 4
) &'(
$ 1
0 $,
$2 , -# $3 , ) 4( , 5 67( $&'( ) +
* -# ) .(
1
!, "# / ! "# /
% % % % %! % % % !
8 , ,
*&+% +, -. /) *0#1 ]
[ "#$  ()
sab ba lō ka smi mēt tañ ca
7 5
4 1
2 1
(xxv)
The Garu [ garu] is a prolonged-syllable pronunciation. The Tipiṭaka Kaccāyana Grammar states that
a long-vowel syllable i.e. a i u should be a prolonged pronunciation see No. 1 - 2
The Commentaries will elaborate further, see No. 3 - 7 . Note Garu from Lahu 1 1 2
and Lahu from Garu. 1 1 5 6 7
5 6
5 6
lahu 1 1 Dīghagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No.5 aññe dīghā , No. 603 : dīgho ca
garu Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ เอ] [ ต]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi ē []
tō [ ]
Long-vowels syllable - Garu sound
garu 2 Du-mhigaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 602 : dumhi garu

1 Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ ตt • ต฻ ]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [
ta • tra ]
Short-vowel syllable becomes Garu when followed by cluster sound
Note cluster-sound sign or linkage mark (  ) under cluster syllables
garu 3 Saṁyogagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 28 : paradvebhāvo ṭhāne

Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 29 : vagge ghosāghosānaṁ tatiyapaṭhamā
Tipiṭaka Commentary (Saddanītisuttamālā) Rule No. 10 : saṁyogaparo ca (garu)
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ บ๟ด • งํ]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ bud • dhaŋํ ]
Final consonant - Garu sound
garu 4 Niggahītagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 37 : niggahītañca

Tipiṭaka Commentary (Vuttodaya) Rule No. 7 : niggahītapara ... garu
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ บ๟ด • งํ]
Roman Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ bud • dhaŋํ]
Niggahīta sound (only at nasal cavity) - Garu sound
garu 2 5 Padādigaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 602 : dumhi garu

lahu 1 (Bayatirekanaya/Padantayatigaru)
Tipiṭaka Commentary (Vuttodaya) Rule No. 10, (Saddanīti Padamalā)
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [น t • โม]
na • mō ]
Short-vowel syllable becomes Garu at the beginning syllable
garu 3 6 Padantagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 602 : dumhi garu

lahu 1 Tipiṭaka Commentary (Vuttodaya) Rule No. 10, (Saddanīti Padamalā)
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ ต๡ • t ]
tas • sa ]
Short-vowel syllable becomes Garu at the end of the word
garu 4 7 Pādantagaru Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 602 : dumhi garu

lahu 2 Tipiṭaka Commentary (Vuttodaya) Rule No. 7 : pādantaparagaru
Thai Phonetic Alphabet Pāḷi [ ๡บ • บะ • โล • ก t • ม b ]
sab • ba • lō • ga • s mi ]
Short-vowel syllable becomes Garu at the end of the sentence (verse)
(xxvi)
สุ ร ธั ช บุ น นาค และคณะโครงการพระไตรปิ ฎ กสากล พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๖, ถอดเสี ย งเป็ น “สั ท ทะอั ก ขะระไทย-ปาฬิ ” โดย วิ จิ น ตน์ ภาณุ พ งศ์ , ตรวจทานใหม่ โ ดย สมหมาย เปรมจิ ต ต์ พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๐
Pāḷi Sound ith Lahu Garu Phonetic Printing
syām lphabet/Thai Phonetic lphabet and Thai Phonetic lphabet/Roman Phonetic lphabet
syām lphabet Thai Phonetic lphabet

accāyana Pāḷi Grammar
Thai Phonetic lphabet Roman Phonetic lphabet
1
[ ะระหะ] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 4
[ ะระหะ] [araha] lahumattā tayo rassā
sound
vo el
a
2
มั ล [มง ะละ] • Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 31
[มง ะละ]
• [maŋ gala] • vaggantaṁ vā vagge
3
ั์ [ตส สะ] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 28
[ตส สะ] • [tas sa] • paradvebhāvo ṭhāne
4
า์ [ ว็ า ส สะ ] nal-consonant sound Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 5
[ ว็ า ส สะ ] [ vās sa] • aññe dīghā
5
ย์ย [เส็ ย ยะ]
[เส็ ย ยะ] [ sēy ya] •
Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 5
aññe dīghā
6
ก์ [ โป็ ก ขะระ ] •
[ โป็ ก ขะระ ] [ pōk khara] •
7
์ าม [ป จ า มิ] • •
Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 29 :
[ป จ า มิ]
• [puc c ā mi] • h • vagge ghosāghosānaṁ tatiyapaṭhamā
8
๎ ม๎ [ บ ระ หมะ] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 4
[ บ ระ หมะ [ b ra h ma] • lahumattā tayo rassā
9
๎ยั ์ [สะ บ ย ะนะ]
[สะ บ ย ะนะ [sa b yañ jana]
• •
see Chulachomklao of Siam Tipiṭaka 1893
10
ัก๎ย ์ [ สt กยะ ปต ต Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 602
[ สt กยะ ปต ต [ sa k ya put tō]
• • • dumhi garu
cluster sound
11
ก ๎ [กb หิ] •
[กb หิ] [ ki ñ hi] •
12
๎ [ร ฻ ห ิ ]
•
[ร ฻ ห ิ ] [ ru ḷ฻hi] •
see Chulachomklao of Siam Tipiṭaka 1893
13
ม๎ [ ต ม ห] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 602
[ต ม ห] [tu m hē] • dumhi garu
14
า ๎ ากา [ปา ตวา กา สิ ] Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 5
[ปา ตวา กา สิ ] [ pā t vā kā si]
• • • aññe dīghā
ํ, ก,ํ ํ [สง [ กbง [ตง]

sound
Kaccāyanapāḷi No. 30
nasal
pure
15
[สง] [ กbง [ตง] [saŋ [ kiŋ [tuŋ] aṁ b฻yañjane niggahītaṁ
(xxvii)
สุ ร ธั ช บุ น นาค และคณะโครงการพระไตรปิ ฎ กสากล พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๖, ถอดเสี ย งเป็ น “สั ท ทะอั ก ขะระไทย-ปาฬิ ” โดย วิ จิ น ตน์ ภาณุ พ งศ์ , ตรวจทานใหม่ โ ดย สมหมาย เปรมจิ ต ต์ พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๐
1
กัณ์ ๎ ามั ์ 1
์ กัณ์ าล กัณ์ ์
า 1
1 อ,อ a
3 3 เพดานอ่อน ท่ามกลางลิน ริม ปาก เพดานอ่อนเพดานแข็ง เพดานอ่อนริม ปาก
2 อา ์ 1
อุ tk
3 อิ i ริม ปาก อ tl
4 อี โอ tl¦f4
5 อุ u กัณ์ 1 อะ อั t
5
6 อู เพดานอ่อน อา tg
7 เอ e เอ at4
8 โอ o ตา 1 อิ td
9 ก์ k
เพดานแข็ง อี tD
10 ข์ kh
[ -ะ] [ -ั ] [ -็า] [ - ิ ] [ -ุ ] [ g -็] [ F -็]

1
11 ค์ g
12 ฆ์ gh ออกเสียงเร็ว
13 ง
[- t ] [ -y ] [ -า ] [ - b ] [ - u ] [ -6 ] [ -^]
1
14 จ์ c ออกเสียงนานขน
[ g- ] [ F-]
15 ฉ์ ch
16 ช์ j ั ์ า ั ์ ั ์ มั ์ า1 า ั ์ า ๎ยั ์ า าม1
17 ฌ์ jh า เสียงปาฬิ-พยั ชนะวัคค์ มี 5 วัคค์ วัคค์ละ 5 ตัว เสียงปาฬิ-ชอพยั ชนะอวัคค์
18 ์ ñ 1 1 1 1
า า
19 ฏ์ ไม่กอง2 กอง2 ม์1 กอง2 ไม่กอง2
20 ์ 1
ต1 1
ต1 า กั ์ า 1 1 1
21 ฑ์
22 ฒ์ า ไม่พน่ ลม2 พ่นลม2 ไม่พน่ ลม2 พ่นลม2 ช่องจมก ไม่พน่ ลม2 เสียดแทรก2
23 ณ์ ṇ
กัณ์ 1
h
24 ต์ t ทีเสนเสียง2 [ ๎
25 ถ์ th กัณ์ 1
k kh g gh
26 ท์ d
27 ธ์ dh ทีเพดานอ่อน2 u ก์ c ์ U ์ C ์ i
28 น์ n ตา 1
c ch j jh ñ y
29 ป์ p ทีเพดานแข็ง2 p ์ Q ์ P ์ ™ ์ N ์ , ย๎
30 ผ์ ph ม ์ ธ 1 ṭ ṭh h ṇ r ḷ
31 พ์ b
32 ภ์ bh ทีหลังปุมเหงอก2 T ์ I ์ J ์$ ์E ณ์ V ๎ ` ๎
33 ม์ m ั ์ 1
t th d dh n l s
34 ย๎ y ที นบน 2
w ์ x ์ W ์ X ธ์ e ์ v ล๎ q ๎
35 ร๎ r ั ์ ์ 1
v
36 ล๎ l
37 ว๎ v ทีริม ปากกับ น2 o ๎
38 ส๎ s
์ 1 p ph b bh m
39 ห๎ h
40 ฬ๎ ทีริม ปาก2 y ์ z ์ Y ์ Z ์ r ม์
41 อํ a
42
อิํ i า กั ์ า 1
ระ ร ช ุ Tai Tipiṭaka
43 อุํ u
ทีช่องจมก tH / Tai Phāke Script-Pāḷi
1
คาศัพท์ปาฬิภาสาทีปราก ในคัมภีร์กัจจายะนะ-ปาฬิ, มุขมัตตทีปนี, ปทรปสิทธิ, และสัททนีติ 2 คาศัพท์ทางวิชาการภา าศาสตร์ปจจุบัน 3 การถอดอักขะระจาก
“อักขะระสยาม-ปาฬิ” เป็น “อักขะระโรมัน -ปาฬิ” ในพระไตรปิฎก จ.ป.ร. อักขะระสยาม พ.ศ. ๒ ๖ 4 ตามคัมภีร์ไวยากรณ์ เอ, โอ เป็นสระประเภทอสวัณณะ แต่เสียง
ทีออกจริง เอ อาปาก ไม่ตองกวางมาก เหยียดปากเล็กนอย โอ ห่อปาก เป็น สระแท (pure vowel) 5 กัจจายนัตถทีปนี พ.ศ.๒ ๐ อธิบายกฎไวยากรณ์
กัจจายะนะ-ปาฬิ ขอ ๒ ว่า ม ํ ํ ๎ า ์ า กา ํ าม. ปิดปาก แลวเปล่งเสียง อ อักขะระ ชอว่า สังวุ ะ
• •
] [ ( 1 -1.0
1.0))
#
aoVNfPuEfP
[ • ]
]
• • •
( 1 -1.0
#
1.0))
w[ ]
x[ ]
W[ ]
Nfprwfaw[d Zdufckqaw[d.
1 -2 awe qra,e YkWfXlof ZUog aoVNfPg,H od[Vwd X[ ]
สัชฌายเตปฏก
[ ] : [พระไตรปฎกสัช] ฌายะ
[ พิม]พดวย อั[ กขะระไตพาเก-ปาฬิ
] [ คูขนานกั]บ [สัททะอั
[ กขะระไทย-ปาฬิ
] ]
• • • • • • • •
ปาฬิ 1
e [ ]
ea`VkykpdrefWrlav r[wg ZdufckqHaCe qWfXd H yNfprwfaw[d Zdufckqaw[d.
[ ] [ y [ ] ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
] [ ]
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
u[ ]
• •
tqf•qlofqd •clof aoVNfPlof YfVg[frElof> •qrElof cvk• Zlof • Ulofwrlof quf,ykwfwlof z[]
[ ]•
[ ] [
•
] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ •
] [ •
] c []
Y [ ]
• •
ode,ydwu • • • • • •
quf,ukvg yYfYPdwlof aoVNfPg,H od[Vwd ea`VkykpdrefWrlav r[wg ZdufckqHaCe U [ ]

[ •
] [ •
] [ ] [ ] [ •
] •
[ ] [ ] Z[ ] • • •
[ ] • • • • • • • • • • •
Zlof Ulofwrlof quf,ykwfwlof

[
qWfXd H yNfprwfaw[d Zdufckqaw[d. wH clof ye ZoefwH UlofwrH atoH
] •
[ ] [ ]
uvf,gElof udwfwdqWfWlof tYfZkUfUwlof> ‘tdwdyd qlof ZUog tV[H
[ ] [ ] [
• •
] [ • •
] [ ] [ ]
C [ ]
r []
i []
,[]
p[]
• • • • • • • •
[ ] [
[
•
] [ •
• ] • [ 1
# [ ]
qrfrgqrfYkWfXlof odPfPgpVEqrfyefelof •qkU• wlof • vl• ofuodWl tekwfwVlof
] [ ] [
[ ]
]
•
[
•[ ] 1 [
•
]
#
[
•
•] [
]
•]
V[ ]
Q[]
v[]
P[ ]
•
] • •
[
ygVgPduyg`d
[ ]
• •
]
• • • • • •
o [] • • • • • • • • •
™[ ]
ykVdqWrfrqgVxd qwfxg aWorekqfqgeH YkWfXlof ZUog’, qlof tdrH vlofuH qaWouH q
ykpdrefWrlav r[wg [ •
] [•
qrgVuH qYfV[fruH qqfq( 1rEYf

] [ •
#
•
-1) Vg[frEd H yPH

] [ ] [
qaWorek
] [ ] [ ] [
( 1 -1q
#
) fqH q,H tZdNfNg
] [ •
] N[ ]
[]
[ [ ]
T[ ]
• • •
[
•
r[godZHU
•
]
•
ZdufckqHaCe • • • • •
] [ ] [ ]
[ •
] [ •
] [
• •] [ • • ] •[ ] [
•
] [ ] `[ ] • • • • • • • • • • • •
I[ ]
• • • Qdu•wfog yaoaWwd, qlof XrfrH aWaqwd • tgWduvf,gEH rPfa™uvf
qpf • ,gEH• • •tH [ ]
[ ] [1 -1 erl] of [ wqf ] [q ZUowl ] [ J[ ]
• • •
o] f tV[wl
[ of qrf
•
] rgqrf
•
[ YkWfXqfq.]• • • • • • • • • • • •
[ •
] [ •
] [ •
] [ •
] [ • • • • •
] $[ ]
ZoefwH UlofwrH atoH ละหุ - พยางคที่ออกเสียงเร็ว

คะรุ - พยางคที่ออกเสียงนานขึ้น
( 1 -1.0
1.0))
[ -๡ ]
[ ะ]
aoVNfPuEfP[ ]ี
[ ๝]
[ ็า-]
[ า]
[ ]ิ
[ ]๞
( 1 -1.0
1.0))
[ ]ุ
[ ]๟ [ ]ู
[เอ
เอ็-็ ]
[เเ ]
[โอ
โอ็-็ ]
[โโ ]
-
[ ๡ง]ํ
E[ ]
7
w[ ]
x[ ]
[ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ]
# • • • •
#
• • • • • W[ ]
1 -2 awe qra,e YkWfXlof ZUog aoVNfPg,H od[Vwd X[ ]
[ •
] [ • •
] [ •
] [ •
] [ • • •
] [ ]
e [ ]
qlof ZUog [ • • • • • •
tqfqlofqd clof aoVNfPlof YfVg[frElof> qrElof cvk Zlof Ulofwrlof quf,ykwfwlof

[ • •
] [ ]
]
[ •
[
•
]
•
] [
[
•
•
tV[H •
•
• •
]
]
[
[
•
•
]
] [
[
] [ ]
• • •
[
•
]
• •
[
]
•
[
•
•
•
]
• •
]
y [ ]
z[]
] [ ] [ ]
Y [ ]
quf,ukvg yYfYPdwlof aoVNfPg,H od[Vwd ea`VkykpdrefWrlav r[wg ZdufckqHaCe
[ • •
] [ • • •
] [ • • •
] [ ] •[ • • • • • •
] [ •
] [ • • • •
] Z[ ]
qWfXd H yNfprwfaw[d Zdufckqaw[d. wH clof ye ZoefwH UlofwrH atoH r []
[ •
] [ • • • •
] [ • • •
] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ • •
] [ • •
] [ •
]
,[]
uodWl tekwfwVlof uvf,gElof udwfwdqWfWlof tYfZkUfUwlof> ‘tdwdyd qlof ZUog

[ • •
] [
qrfrgqrfYkWfXlof odPfPgpVEqrfyefelof qkUwlof vlofuodWl tekwfwVlof
• • •
] [ • • •
] [ ] [ ] [ •
] [
tV[H
•
]
V[ ]
v[]
•
] [ • •
[
• •
]
ykVdqWrfrqgVxd qwfxg aWorekqfqgeH YkWfXlof ZUog’, qlof tdrH vlofuH qaWouH
[ • • • •
]
•
[ •
[
•
•
]
•
•
[
•
•
•
•
]
• •
]
•
[
] [
•
]
•
]
[ •
[
•
]
•
] [ ]
[ • •
[
•
•
]
] [ •
] [ • • •
]
o []
q[]
[ [ ]
qrgVuH qYfV[fruH qqfqrEYfVg[frEd H yPH qaWorekqfqH q,H tZdNfNg
ZUog’, qlof tdrH vlofuH qaWou

[
[
•
• •
•
•
•
] [
qpfQduwfog yaoaWwd, qlof XrfrH aWaqwd tgWduvf,gEH rPfa™uvf,gEH
] [ • •
•
•
] [
] [ ]
•
[
•
•
•
] [
•
•
] [
•
]
•
] [
[ • •
•
•
•
•
•
]
•
] [
[ •
•
•
] [
• •
•
]
•
] `[ ]
tH [ ]
•
] [ ] ละหุ - พยางคที่ออกเสียงเร็ว
คะรุ - พยางคที่ออกเสียงนานขึ้น
[ •
[ ะ] ] [
[ ็า-] [ ]ิ
•
[ ]ุ ] [เอ
เอ็-็ ] [โอ [
โอ็-็ ] -
• •
7
•
[ -๡ ] [ ๝] [ า] [ ]๞ [ ]ี [ ]๟ [ ]ู [เเ ] [โโ ] [ ๡ง]ํ

Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
epiṭakaa : The World Tipiṭaka Edition in Tai Phāke Script-Pāḷi and Roman Phonetic Alphabet-Pāḷi
ปาฬิ 1
u [k]
ode,ydwu c [kʰ]
[] U [g]
C [gʰ]
i [ṅ]
p [c]
ygVgPduyg`d
1 1 Q [cʰ]
# #
[āā • āā •  • āā • ]
P [j]
™ [jʰ]
N [ñ]
( 1 -1)
r[godZHU ( 1 -1)
# #
T [ṭ]
[ • āā •  • aa • ]
I [ṭʰ]
1 -1 erlof wqfq ZUowlof tV[wlof qrfrgqrfYkWfXqfq. J [ḍ]

[ ōō] • [aa ] • [ ōō] • [ ōō] • [aa āā aa u
u aa ]
• • • • •
$ [ḍʰ]
E [ṇ]
w [t]
( 1 -1.0
1.0))
aoVNfPuEfP ( 1 -1.0
1.0))
# # x [tʰ]
[ēē • aa •  • aa • ]
W [d]
1 -2 awe qra,e YkWfXlof ZUog aoVNfPg,H od[Vwd X [dʰ]
[ēē ] • [ ēē ] • • u ōō]
[u • [ āā] • [ēē aa āā aa]
• • • []
e [n]
[ ēē  aa  ū
• • ū ēē] • • • • [ āā] • [ii  aa ēē ]
• • • • [aa ii] • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • [ii  ēē ]
• • • y [p]
tqfqlofqd clof aoVNfPlof YfVg[frElof> qrElof cvk Zlof Ulofwrlof quf,ykwfwlof z [pʰ]
[aa ōō ]
• • [ōō] [ēē aa ōō]
• • [ā  ōō]
• • [ ōō] • [] [ōō] [ōō  ōō] • • [aa  u
• u ōō] • •
Y [b]
quf,ukvg yYfYPdwlof aoVNfPg,H od[Vwd ea`VkykpdrefWrlav r[wg ZdufckqHaCe
[aa  āā]
• • [aa  ōō]
• • [ēē aa āā aa]
• • • [] [ ēē  aa  ū
• • ū ēē] • • • • [ āā] • [ii  aa ēē ]
• • • •
Z [bʰ]
qWfXd H yNfprwfaw[d Zdufckqaw[d. wH clof ye ZoefwH UlofwrH atoH uvf,gElof r [m]
[aa ii] • [aa  aa ēē ]

• • • • [ii  ēē ] • • • [aa] [ōō] [] [ aa aa]• • [ōō  aa]
• • [ēē aa]
• [aa ā ōō]
• •
, [y]
udwfwdqWfWlof tYfZkUfUwlof> ‘tdwdyd qlof ZUog tV[H qrfrgqrfYkWfXlof V [r]
[ii  aa ōō]
• • • [aa u
u  ōō]
• • • [] [ōō] [ āā] • [ aa] • [aa āā aa u
u ōō]
• • • •
v [l]
odPfPgpVEqrfyefelof qkUwlof vlofuodWl tekwfwVlof ykVdqWrfrqgVxd qwfxg
[ii āā  aa aa ōō]
• • • • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ū
• ū] • u  ōō]
[ u• • • [ aa  āā ] • • • • [aa āā]•
o [v]
aWorekqfqgeH YkWfXlof ZUog’, qlof tdrH vlofuH qaWouH qrgVuH qYfV[fruH q [s]
[ēē  u
• u āā aa] • • • u ōō]
[u • [ āā] • [ōō] [ aa]
• [ōō aa] • [ ēē  aa]
• • • [ āā  aa]• • • [ aa] •
[ [h]
qqfqrEYfVg[frEd H yPH qaWorekqfqH q,H tZdNfNg qpfQduwfog yaoaWwd, ` [ḷ]

[aa  ā  ii]
• • • • [ aa]
• [ ēē  u
• u aa]
• • • [ aa] • [ ii āā]
• • [aa  aa ā] • • • [ ēē ēē ]
• • •
tH [ŋ̊]
qlof XrfrH aWaqwd tgWduvf,gEH rPfa™uvf,gEH yVd,lofqgeuvf,gEH qgwfxH
[ōō] [aa aa]• [ēē ēē ]
• • [āā  aa ā aa]
• • • • [aa ēē aa ā aa]
• • • • [ ōō āā  aa ā aa]
• • • • • • [ aa]
•
lah
lahu
u - Quick Syllable - [aa] [āā] [ii] - u]
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
1
garu - Prolonged Syllable [aa-] [aa] [āā] [ii] [īī] u]
[u ū]
[ū [ēē] [ōō] aŋ̊]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
qYf,NfPeH; auovyVdykEfEH yVdqkWfXH YfV[frpVd,H yugaqwd; qgXk clof ye

[ a  aa]
• • • [ēē  u
• u aa] • • u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] • [ āā ēē ]
• • • [āā ] • [ōō] []
wxgVlygeH tV[wH WqfqeH [lofwDD””wd.

[ āā ū
• ū āā aa] • • • [ aa] • [aa  aa] • • [ōō  ] • •
1 -3 tx clof aoVNfPlof YfVg[frElof a,e ZUog awekyqHurd;

[] [ōō] [ēē aa ōō] • • [ā  ōō] • • [ēē ] • [ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • •
tkyqHurdwfog ZUowg qWfXd H qrfrlofWd. qrfrlofWeD,H uxH qgVED,H

[ aa  ii ā]• • • • [ āā] • [aa ii] • [aa ōō ] • • [aa ōō   aa] • • • • [ aa] • [āā   aa]• • •
oDwdqgaVwfog aturefwH edqDWd. aturefwH edqdefelof clof aoVNfPlof YfVg[frElof

[  āā ēē ā]
• • • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [  ] • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ ii ōō] • • [ōō] [ēē aa ōō] • • [ā  ōō] • •
ZUoefwH atwWolofp> qkwH arwH, Zlof Ulofwr> ‘e qrElof Ulofwrlof YfVg[fraE

[ aa aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa] • [ēē aa] • [ōō] [ōō ] • [] [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō] • • [ā  ēē] • •
PdEfaE okPfa$ r[vfvau tWfXUaw o,lofekyfywfaw tZdogaWwd og ypfpkwfaIwd og

[ii ēē]• u ēē]
[u • [ aa  ēē]
• • • [aa  ēē] • • [ ōō  u
u aa ēē]
• • • • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [āā] [aa u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā]
tgqaee og wwD’’wd. w,dWH, Zlof Ulofwrr,, waxo

edrefawwD waxo?? e [d ZoH Ulofwrlof
[āā  ēē ]
• • • [āā] [ aa ēē  ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ōō] [ōō ] • [ ēē ]
• • [] [] [ aa] • [ōō  ōō]
• •
YfVg[fraE PdEfaE okPfa$ r[vfvau tWfXUaw o,lofekyfywfaw tZdogaWwd og

[ā  ēē] • • [ii ēē] • u ēē]
[u • [ aa  ēē] • • • [aa  ēē] • • [ ōō  u
u aa ēē]
• • • • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [āā]
ypfpkwfaIwd og tgqaee og edrefawwd? w,dWH, Zlof Ulofwrr,, e arog””wd.

qrfyefearog
[aa u
u ēē ] • • • [āā] [āā  ēē ]
• • • [āā] [ aa ēē ]• • • [ aa] • [ōō] [ōō ]• [] [aa aa  ēē āā ]
• • • • •
1 -4 eg[H wH, YfVg[frE

E,, yqfqgrd qaWoau vlofau qrgVau qYfV[frau
[āā aa]• [aa] [ā ] • [aa āā ] • • [ ēē  ēē]
• • • [ōō ēē] • [ āā  ēē] • • • [ ēē] •
qqfqrEYfVg[frEd,g yPg, qaWorekqfqg, ,r[H tZdogaW,f,H og ypfpkwfaI,f,H

[aa  ā  āā]
• • • • [ āā ] • • [ ēē  u
• u āā ] • • • • [ aa] • [ āā  aa] • • • [āā] [aa u
u  aa]
• • •
og tgqaee og edrefaw,f,H. ,Nf[d, YfVg[frE

E,, wxgUwlof tZdogaW,f, og
[āā] [āā  ēē ]
• • • [āā] [ aa  aa]
• • • [aa ] • [ā ] • [ āā  ōō]
• • • [ āā  ]• • • [āā]
ypfpkwfaI,f, og tgqaee og edrefaw,f,, rkWfXgyd wqfq odyaw,f,gg””wd.

[aa u
u  ] • • • [āā] [āā  ēē ]
• • • [āā] [ aa  ] • • • u āā ]
[u • • [aa ] • [  āā ] • • •
1 -5 tVqVlylof ZoH Ulofwrlof”wd? twfxd cfaoq

oq,, YfVg[frE
E,, yVd,g,lof
ū ōō]
[ ū • • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • •
a,e rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg oWrgelof oaW,f,> ‘tVqVlylof qrElof Ulofwrlof’wd.

[ēē ]
• [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • ū ōō]
[ ū • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • •
aw,, YfVg[frE
a, aw E,, VlyVqg qWfWVqg UefXVqg VqVqg zlwfIYfYVqg
Vqg,, aw
[ēē] [ēē] [ā ] • ū  āā]
[ū • • [aa  āā] • • [aa  āā] • • [ āā] • [ aa  āā] • • • [ēē]
wxgUwqfq y[Deg tkpfQdeferlvg wgvgowfxkuwg teZgoHuwg tg,wd H

[ āā  aa ]
• • • • [  āā] • • u ii  ū
[u ū āā]
• • • • [āā āā aa  āā]
• • • • [ āā aa  āā]
• • • • [āā  ii]
• •
tekyfygWXrfrgg.. t,H clof, YfVg[frE

E,, yVd,g,lof a,e rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg
u āā  aa āā]
[ u
• • • • • [ aa] • [ōō] [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] •
oWrgelof oaW,f,> ‘tVqVlylof qrElof Ulofwrlof’wd, elof p clof ,H wfoH qefXg,

[ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • ū ōō]
[ ū • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa] [a] [aa āā ] • •
oaWqD”wd.
[ ēē  ]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
2
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -6 edYfZlofUlof ZoH Ulofwrlof”wd? twfxd cfaoq

oq,, YfVg[frE
E,, yVd,g,lof
[ii ōō ōō] • • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • u [k]
a,e rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg oWrgelof oaW,f,> ‘edYfZlofUlof qrElof Ulofwrlof’wd. c [kʰ]
[ēē ]
• [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ii ōō ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • •
U [g]
aw,, YfVg[frE
a, aw E,, VlyZlofUg qWfWZlofUg UefXZlofUg VqZlofUg zlwfIYfYZlofUgg,, aw
C [gʰ]
[ēē] [ēē] [ā ] • ū  ōō āā]
[ū • • • [aa  ōō āā]
• • • [aa  ōō āā] • • • [ ōō āā]• • [ aa  ōō āā]
• • • • [ēē]
wxgUwqfq y[Deg tkpfQdeferlvg wgvgowfxkuwg teZgoHuwg tg,wd H i [ṅ]
[ āā  aa ]

• • • • [  āā] • • u ii  ū
[u ū āā]
• • • • [āā āā aa  āā]
• • • • [ āā aa  āā]• • • • [āā  ii]
• •
p [c]
E,, yVd,g,lof a,e rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg Q [cʰ]
u āā  aa āā]
[ u
• • • • • [ aa]• [ōō] [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] •
P [j]
oWrgelof oaW,f,> ‘edYfZlofUlof qrElof Ulofwrlof’wd, elof p clof ,H wfoH qefXg,
[ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ii ōō ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa] [a] [aa āā ] • •
™ [jʰ]
oaWqD”wd. N [ñ]
[ ēē  ]
• • •
T [ṭ]
1 -7 tudVd,ogWlof ZoH Ulofwrlof”wd? twfxd cfaoq
oq,, YfVg[frE
E,, yVd,g,lof I [ṭʰ]
[ āā ōō] • • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • •
J [ḍ]
a,e rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg oWrgelof oaW,f,> ‘tudVd,ogWlof qrElof Ulofwrlof’wd. $ [ḍʰ]
[ēē ]
• [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ āā ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • •
E [ṇ]
t[Nf[d, YfVg[frE
E,, tudVd,H oWgrd ug,WkpfpVdwqfq opDWkpfpVdwqfq
[ aa ]
• • [ā ] • [ aa] • [ āā ] • • [āā  u
u  aa ]
• • • • • u  aa ]
[  u • • • • • w [t]
relofWkpfpVdwqfq. taeuod[dwgeH ygyugeH tukqvgeH XrfrgeH tudVd,H x [tʰ]
[ ōō u
u  aa ]
• • • • • [ ēē  āā aa]
• • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ āā aa] • • [aa āā aa] • • [ aa] •
W [d]
oWgrd. t,H clof, YfVg[frE
E,, yVd,g,lof a,e rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg oWrgelof X [dʰ]
[ āā ]
• • [ aa] • [ōō] [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • •
e [n]
oaW,f,> ‘tudVd,ogWlof qrElof Ulofwrlof’wd, elof p clof ,H wfoH qefXg,
[  ]
• • [ āā ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa] [a] [aa āā ] • • y [p]
oaWqD”wd. z [pʰ]
[ ēē  ]
• • •
Y [b]
1 -8 tkpfaQWogWlof ZoH Ulofwrlof”wd? twfxd cfaoq
oq,, YfVg[frE
E,, Z [bʰ]
u ēē  āā ōō]
[u • • • • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] •
r [m]
yVd,g,lof a,e rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg oWrgelof oaW,f,> ‘tkpfaQWogWlof qrElof
[ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • u ēē  āā ōō]
[u • • • • [ ōō] •
, [y]
Ulofwrlof’wd. t[Nf[d, YfVg[frE

E,, tkpfaQWH oWgrd VgUqfq Wlofqqfq rlof[qfq. V [r]
[ōō  ōō ]
• • • [ aa ]• • [ā ] • u ēē aa]
[u • • [ āā ] • • [āā aa ] • • [ōō aa ] • • [ōō aa ]• •
v [l]
taeuod[dwgeH ygyugeH tukqvgeH XrfrgeH tkpfaQWH oWgrd. t,H clof, o [v]
[ ēē  āā aa]
• • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ āā aa] • • [aa āā aa] • • u ēē aa]
[u • • [ āā ] • • [ aa] • [ōō]
q [s]
E,, yVd,g,lof a,e rH
YfVg[frE yVd,ga,e qrfrg oWrgelof oaW,f,>
[ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • •
[ [h]
‘tkpfaQWogWlof qrElof Ulofwrlof’wd, elof p clof ,H wfoH qefXg, oaWqD”wd. ` [ḷ]

u ēē  āā ōō]
[u • • • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa] [a] [aa āā ] • • [ ēē  ] • • •
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
3
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -9 aPUkpfQD ZoH Ulofwrlof”wd? twfxd cfaoq

oq,, YfVg[frE
E,, yVd,g,lof a,e
[ēē u
u ] • • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] •
rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg oWrgelof oaW,f,> ‘aPUkpfQD qrElof Ulofwrlof’wd. t[Nf[d,

[aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ēē u
u ]• • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [ aa ]
• •
E,, PdUkpfQgrd
YfVg[frE we.. taeuod[dwgeH
ug,WkpfpVdawe opDWkpfpVdawe relofWkpfpVdawe
[ā ]• u āā ]
[ u • • • [āā  u
u  ēē ]
• • • • • u  ēē ]
[  u • • • • • [ ōō u
u  ēē ]
• • • • • [ ēē  āā aa]
• • • •
ygyugeH tukqvgeH XrfrgeH qrgywfwd,g PdUkpfQgrd. t,H clof, YfVg[frE

E,,
[āā  āā aa]
• • • [ āā aa] • • [aa āā aa] • • [ āā aa  āā]
• • • • u āā ]
[ u • • • [ aa]
• [ōō] [ā ] •
yVd,g,lof a,e rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg oWrgelof oaW,f,> ‘aPUkpfQD qrElof

[ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ēē u
u ]• • [ ōō] •
Ulofwrlof’wd, elof p clof ,H wfoH qefXg, oaWqD”wd.

[ōō  ōō ]
• • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa] [a] [aa āā ] • • [ ēē  ] • • •
1 -10 aoe,dulof ZoH Ulofwrlof”wd? twfxd cfaoq

oq,, YfVg[frE
E,, yVd,g,lof a,e
[ēē  ōō] • • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] •
rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg oWrgelof oaW,f,> ‘aoe,dulof qrElof Ulofwrlof’wd. t[Nf[d,

[aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ēē  ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [ aa ]
• •
E,, ode,g,
YfVg[frE XrfrH aWaqrd VgUqfq Wlofqqfq rlof[qfq. taeuod[dwgeH
[ā ]• [ āā ] • • [aa aa] • [ēē ēē ]
• • [āā aa ]
• • [ōō aa ] • • [ōō aa ] • • [ ēē  āā aa]
• • • •
ygyugeH tukqvgeH XrfrgeH ode,g, XrfrH aWaqrd. t,H clof, YfVg[frE

E,,
[āā  āā aa]
• • • [ āā aa] • • [aa āā aa] • • [ āā ] • • [aa aa] • [ēē ēē ] • • [ aa]• [ōō] [ā ]•
yVd,g,lof a,e rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg oWrgelof oaW,f,> ‘aoe,dulof qrElof

[ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ēē  ōō] • • [ ōō] •
Ulofwrlof’wd, elof p clof ,H wfoH qefXg, oaWqD”wd.

[ōō  ōō ]
• • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa] [a] [aa āā ] • • [ ēē  ] • • •
1 -11 wyqfqD ZoH Ulofwrlof”wd? twfxd cfaoq

oq,, YfVg[frE
E,, yVd,g,lof a,e
[ aa ] • • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] •
rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg oWrgelof oaW,f,> ‘wyqfqD qrElof Ulofwrlof’wd. wyeD,g[H,

[aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ aa ] • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [  āā aa] • • •
E,, ygyau
YfVg[frE tukqav Xrfar oWgrd, ug,WkpfpVdwH opDWkpfpVdwH
[ā ]• [āā  ēē]• • [ ēē] • [aa ēē] • [ āā ] • • [āā  u
u  aa]
• • • • u  aa]
[  u • • • •
relofWkpfpVdwH. ,qfq clof, YfVg[frE

E,, wyeD,g ygyug tukqvg Xrfrg y[Deg
[ ōō u
u  aa]
• • • • [aa ] • [ōō] [ā ] • [  āā] • • [āā  āā] • • [ āā] • [aa āā] • [  āā] • •
tkpfQdeferlvg wgvgowfxkuwg teZgoHuwg tg,wd H tekyfygWXrfrg wr[H

u ii  ū
[u • ū āā] • • • [āā āā aa  āā]
• • • • [ āā aa  āā]
• • • • [āā  ii]
• • u āā  aa āā]
[ u • • • • • [ aa] •
wyqfqDwd oWgrd. wxgUwqfq clof, YfVg[frE

E,, wyeD,g ygyug tukqvg Xrfrg
[ aa  ]
• • • [ āā ] • • [ āā  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ā ] • [  āā] • • [āā  āā]• • [ āā] • [aa āā] •
y[Deg tkpfQdeferlvg wgvgowfxkuwg teZgoHuwg tg,wd H tekyfygWXrfrgg.. t,H

[  āā]
• • u ii  ū
[u • ū āā] • • • [āā āā aa  āā]
• • • • [ āā aa  āā] • • • • [āā  ii]
• • u āā  aa āā]
[ u • • • • • [ aa]
•
clof, YfVg[frE
E,, yVd,g,lof a,e rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg oWrgelof oaW,f,> ‘wyqfqD
[ōō] [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ aa ]
• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
4
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
qrElof Ulofwrlof’wd, elof p clof ,H wfoH qefXg, oaWqD”wd.

[ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ] • • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa] [a] [aa āā ] • • [ ēē  ]
• • • u [k]
1 -12 tyUYfZlof ZoH Ulofwrlof”wd? twfxd cfaoq
oq,, YfVg[frE
E,, yVd,g,lof c [kʰ]
[ aa ōō] • • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [aa ] • [ē ] • [ā ] • [ āā ōō] • •
U [g]
a,e rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg oWrgelof oaW,f,> ‘tyUYfZlof qrElof Ulofwrlof’wd. C [gʰ]
[ēē ]
• [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] • [ āā ōō] • • [  ] • • [ aa ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • •
i [ṅ]
,qfq clof, YfVg[frE
E,, tg,wd H UYfZaq,f,g ykeYfZogZdedYfYwfwd y[Deg
[aa ] • [ōō] [ā ] • [āā  ii]
• • [aa   āā]• • • [ aa  āā  ii aa ]
• • • • • • • [  āā] • • p [c]
tkpfQdeferlvg wgvgowfxkuwg teZgoHuwg tg,wd H tekyfygWXrfrg wr[H Q [cʰ]
u ii  ū
[u • ū āā] • • • [āā āā aa  āā]
• • • • [ āā aa  āā]
• • • • [āā  ii]• • u āā  aa āā]
[ u• • • • • [ aa] •
P [j]
tyUYfZlofwd oWgrd. wxgUwqfq clof, YfVg[frE
E,, tg,wd H UYfZaq,f,g
™ [jʰ]
[ aa ōō ] • • • [ āā ] • • [ āā  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ā ] • [āā  ii]
• • [aa   āā] • • •
ykeYfZogZdedYfYwfwd y[Deg tkpfQdeferlvg wgvgowfxkuwg teZgoHuwg tg,wd H N [ñ]

[ aa  āā  ii aa ]
• • • • • • • [  āā] • • u ii  ū
[u •ū āā] • • • [āā āā aa  āā]
• • • • [ āā aa  āā] • • • • [āā  ii]
• •
T [ṭ]
E,, yVd,g,lof a,e rH yVd,ga,e qrfrg I [ṭʰ]
u āā  aa āā]
[ u
• • • • • [ aa]• [ōō] [ā ]• [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [aa] [ āā ēē ] • • • [aa āā] •
J [ḍ]
oWrgelof oaW,f,> ‘tyUYfZlof qrElof Ulofwrlof’wd, elof p clof ,H wfoH qefXg,
[ āā ōō] • • [  ]
• • [ aa ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō ]
• • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa] [a] [aa āā ] • •
$ [ḍʰ]
oaWqd. E [ṇ]
[ ēē ]
• •
w [t]
1 -13 aq,f,xgyd, YfVg[frE
E,, ukufukwd,g tEfPged twfI og Wq og x [tʰ]
[  āā ] • • • [ā ]• u  āā]
[u • • [aa āā ]• • [aa ] • [āā] [] [āā]
W [d]
WfogWq og. wgeqfqk ukufukwd,g qrfrg tXdq,dwged qrfrg yVdaqWdwged qrfrg X [dʰ]
[ā ] • [āā] [āā aa ] • • u  āā]
[u • • [aa āā] • [ āā ] • • [aa āā] • [ ēē  āā ] • • • • [aa āā] •
e [n]
yVdZgodwged. ,lof ek clof awqH ukufukwpfQgyugeH yIrwVH ygWecqdcg, og
[ āā  āā ] • • • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [ēē aa] • u  aa āā  āā aa]
[u • • • • • • [ aa] • [āā  āā ]
• • • [āā] y [p]
rkcwkEfPaue og tEfPulofqH yWgavwfog qlwfxdeg tZdedYfZdPfaP,f,, udefwd z [pʰ]

u  ēē ]
[ u • • • • [āā] [aa  ōō aa]
• • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • [  āā] • • [ ii ii  ]
• • • • [ii ] •
Y [b]
qfogqfq opeD,lof> ‘aPwfIlof og uedwfIlof og’”wd? aPwfIlofwdqfq, Zlof Ulofwrr,, Z [bʰ]
[ ] • [  ōō] • • [ ōō] • [āā] [ ii ōō]
• • [āā ] • [ ōō ii ]
• • • [ōō] [ōō ] •
r [m]
opeD,lof. qlof [d aeqH aPwfIlof [lofwDD””wd. atoaro clof t[H, YfVg[frE
E,,
[  ōō] • • [ōō] [] [ēē aa] • [ ōō] • [ōō  ] • • [ēē  ēē ]
• • • [ōō] [ aa] • [ā ] • , [y]
todPfPgUwg, yPg, tEfPZlwg, yVd,lofeWfXg, todPfPEfPulofqH yWgavwfog V [r]
[ ii āā  āā ]
• • • • • [ āā ] • • [aa  ū
ū āā ] • • • • [ ōō aa āā ] • • • • [ ii aa  ōō aa]
• • • • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • •
v [l]
atulofo vlofau tekwfwVH qrfrgqrfYlofXd H tZdqrfYkWfXlof. qfog[H, E,,
YfVg[frE
o [v]
[ēē ōō ]
• • [ōō ēē] • u  aa]
[ u • • • [aa āā aa ōō ii]
• • • • [ aa u
u ōō] • • • [ā aa] • [ā ] •
q [s]
aPwfIlof aqwfIlof vlofuqfq.
[ ōō] • [ ōō] • [ōō aa ]
• • [ [h]
1 -14 tgVWfXH clof ye ar,, YfVg[frE

ar E,, oDVd,H t[lofqd tqvfvDeH, ` [ḷ]
[āā aa aa]
• • [ōō] [] [ēē] [ā ] • [  aa]
• • [ ōō ] • • [ aa  aa]
• • •
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
5
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
tkywfIdwg qwd tqrfrkwfIgg,, yqfqWfXlof ug,lof tqgVWfXlof, qrg[dwH pdwfwH

[ aa  āā]
• • • [] [ aa u
u āā]
• • • [aa aa ōō] • • [āā ōō] • [ āā aa ōō]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [ii aa] •
atuUfUH. qlof clof t[H, YfVg[frE

E,, ododpfapo ugar[d ododpfp tukqav[d Xrfar[d
[ēē aa aa]
• • [ōō] [ōō] [ aa] • [ā ] • [ ii ēē ]• • • [āā ēē ] • • [ ii ] • • [ ēē ] • • [aa ēē ] • •
qodwufuH qodpgVH odaouPH yDwdqkcH yIrH ™geH tkyqrfyPfP od[gqd.H

[ aa aa] • • [ āā aa] • • [ ēē  aa]
• • • [  aa] • • [ aa] • [āā aa] • [ aa aa ] • • • [ āā ii] • •
odwufuodpgVgeH olyqrg tPf™wfwH qrfyqgWeH apwqlof atulofWdZgoH todwufuH

[ aa  āā āā aa]
• • • • • ū  āā]
[ū • • [aa aa aa]
• • [aa  āā  aa] • • • • [ēē  ōō] • • [ēē ōō  āā aa]
• • • • [ aa aa]
• •
todpgVH qrgXdPH yDwdqkcH Wkwd,H ™geH tkyqrfyPfP od[gqd.H yDwd,g p odVgUg

[ āā aa]• • [ āā  aa]
• • • [  aa]
• • [ aa] • [āā aa] • [ aa aa ] • • • [ āā ii]
• • [  āā] • • [] [ āā āā] • •
tkayufculof p od[gqd H qwlof p qrfyPgelof, qkcNfp uga,e ywdqHaoaWqd,H ,H wH

[   ōō]
• • • [] [ āā ii]
• • [ ōō] • [] [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ aa ] • • [āā ēē ] • • [ aa ēē ēē ii] • • • • [aa] [aa]
tVd,g tgpdufcefwd> ‘tkayufculof qwdrg gVD’’wd wwd,H ™geH

qkcod[gVD tkyqrfyPfP
[ āā] • [āā ii aa ]
• • • [   ōō]
• • • [ āā] • [ āā  ] • • • [ aa] • [āā aa] • [ aa aa ] • • •
od[gqd.H qkcqfq p y[geg Wkufcqfq p y[geg ykYfaYo qlofreqfqWlofreqfqgeH

[ āā ii]
• • [ aa ]• • [] [ āā āā] • • u aa ]
[u • • [] [ āā āā] • • u ēē ]
[u • • [ōō  aa  ōō  aa āā aa]
• • • • • • • •
twfxHUrg tWkufcrqkcH tkayufcgqwdygVdqkWfXd H pwkwfxH ™geH tkyqrfyPfP od[gqd.H

[aa aa  āā]
• • • u  aa]
[ u • • • [  āā  āā  u
• u ii] • • • • • • u aa]
[ u • • [āā aa] • [ aa aa ] • • • [ āā ii]
• •
1 -15 qlof atoH qrg[daw pdwfaw yVdqkWfaX yVd,lofWgaw teHUaE

[ōō] [ēē aa]• [ āā  ēē]
• • • [ii ēē] • u ēē]
[ u • • [ ōō āā ēē] • • • [ aa  ēē]
• • •
odUwlyufudavaq rkWkZlaw urfreda, Idaw tgaeNfPyfywfaw

ū aa  ēē ēē]
[ ū • • • • • ū ēē]
[ ū • • [aa  ēē] • • [ ēē] • [āā  aa aa ēē]
• • • •
ykYfaYedogqgekqfqwdNgEg, pdwfwH tZdedefegarqd.H qlof taeuod[dwH ykYfaYedogqH

u ēē  āā āā u
[u • u  āā āā ]
• • • • • • • • [ii aa] • [ ii āā ēē ii] • • • • [ōō] [ ēē  aa]
• • • u ēē  āā aa]
[u • • • •
tekqfqVgrd, aq,f,xdWH> aturfyd Pgwd H Wfaoyd Pgwd,lof wdqfqlofyd Pgwd,lof pwqfqlofyd

u  āā ]
[ u
• • • • [  aa] • • [ēē aa ]• • [āā ii] • [ē ] • [āā  ōō] • • [ii ōō ] • • [āā  ōō] • • [ aa ōō ]
• • •
Pgwd,lof yNfpyd Pgwd,lof Wqyd Pgwd,lof oDqrfyd Pgwd,lof wdqrf

H yd Pgwd,lof
[āā  ōō]
• • [aa ] • [āā  ōō] • • [] [āā  ōō] • • [ aa ]
• • [āā  ōō] • • [ii aa ] • • [āā  ōō] • •
pwfwgvDqrfyd Pgwd,lof yNfNgqrfyd Pgwd,lof Pgwdqwrfyd, Pgwdq[qfqrfyd

[aa āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā  ōō] • • [aa āā aa ] • • • [āā  ōō] • • [āā  aa ]
• • • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • •
Pgwdqwq[qfqrfyd, taeauyd qHowfwuyfay taeauyd odowfwuyfay taeauyd

[āā  aa aa ]
• • • • [ ēē ēē ]
• • • [aa aa  aa ēē]
• • • • [ ēē ēē ]
• • • [ aa  aa ēē]
• • • • [ ēē ēē ]
• • •
qHowfwodowfwuyfay> ‘trkwfVgqd H atoHegrlof atoHUlwfwlof atoHoEfElof atorg[gVlof

[aa aa  aa  aa ēē]
• • • • • • u ā ii]
[ u • • • [ēē aa āā ōō]
• • • [ēē aa  ōō]
• • • [ēē aa aa ōō]
• • • [ēē  āā āā ōō]
• • • •
atoHqkcWkufcyfywdqHaoWD atorg,kyVd,efwlof; qlof wwlof pkwlof trkwfV tkWygWd;H

[ēē aa  u
• u aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • • • • [ēē  āā  aa ōō]
• • • • • [ōō] [ ōō] • [ ōō] • u ]
[ u • • [ āā ii] • •
wwfVgygqd H atoHegrlof atoHUlwfwlof atoHoEfElof atorg[gVlof atoHqkcWkufcyfywdqHaoWD

[aa ā āā ii]
• • • [ēē aa āā ōō]
• • • [ēē aa  ōō]
• • • [ēē aa aa ōō]
• • • [ēē  āā āā ōō]
• • • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • • • •
atorg,kyVd,efwlof; qlof wwlof pkwlof tdXlyyefelof’wd. tdwd qgugVH qtkWfaWqH

[ēē  āā  aa ōō]
• • • • • [ōō] [ ōō] • [ ōō] • ū  aa ōō ]
[ ū
• • • • • [] [āā āā aa] • • [ u ēē aa] • • •
taeuod[dwH ykYfaYedogqH tekqfqVgrd. t,H clof ar

ar,, YfVg[frE
E,, Vwfwd,g yIar
[ ēē  aa]
• • • u ēē  āā aa]
[u • • • • u  āā ]
[ u • • • • [ aa] • [ōō] [ēē] [ā ] • [aa  āā] • • [ ēē] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
6
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
,gar yIrg odPfPg tXdUwg, todPfPg od[wg, odPfPg tkyfyefeg, wrlof od[wlof,
[āā ēē]
• [ āā] • [ii āā] • [ āā] • [ ii āā]• • [ āā] • [ii āā] • u aa āā]
[u • • [ ōō] • [ ōō] • u [k]
tgvlofulof tkyfyefelof> ,xg wH tyfyrwfwqfq tgwgydelof y[dwwfwqfq od[Vwlof. c [kʰ]
[āā ōō ōō]
• • u aa ōō]
[u • • [ āā] • [aa] [aa  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ aa aa ] • • • [ ōō] •
U [g]
ar,, YfVg[frE
t,H clof ar E,, yIrgZdedYfZdWg t[lofqd ukufukwpfQgyuqfaqo
C [gʰ]
[ aa]
• [ōō] [ēē] [ā ] • [ āā  ii  āā]
• • • • • [ ōō ] • • u  aa āā  aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • •
i [ṅ]
tEfPulofqrf[gg..
[aa  ōō aa ā]
• • • • p [c]
1 -16 qlof atoH qrg[daw pdwfaw yVdqkWfaX yVd,lofWgaw teHUaE Q [cʰ]
[ōō] [ēē aa]
• [ āā  ēē]
• • • [ii ēē] • u ēē]
[ u • • [ ōō āā ēē] • • • [ aa  ēē]
• • •
P [j]
odUwlyufudavaq rkWkZlaw urfreda, Idaw tgaeNfPyfywfaw qwfwgeH
ū aa  ēē ēē]
[ ū • • • • • ū ēē]
• • • • [aa āā aa] • •
™ [jʰ]
pkwlyygwNgEg, pdwfwH tZdedefegarqd.H qlof WdYfaYe pufckeg odqkWfaXe N [ñ]

ū  āā  āā āā ]
[ ū• • • • • • • [ii aa] • [ ii āā ēē ii]
• • • • [ōō] [ii ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • u ēē ]
[ u • • •
T [ṭ]
twdufuefwrgekqaue qwfaw yqfqgrd porgae tkyyPfPrgae [Dae yEDaw I [ṭʰ]
[ ii aa  āā  ēē ]
• • • • • • • [aa ēē] • [aa āā ] • • [ āā ēē] • • [ aa  āā ēē] • • • • [ ēē] • [  ēē] • •
J [ḍ]
aw,, ,xgurfrlyaU
qkoEfaE WkYfYEfaE qkUaw WkUfUaw qwfaw yPgegrd> ‘tdar
[ aa ēē]
• • u aa ēē]
[u • • [ ēē] • u  ēē]
[u • • [ āā aa ū
ū  ēē]
• • • • • [aa ēē] • [ āā āā ] • • • [ ēē] •
$ [ḍʰ]
ow Zlefwlof qwfwg ug,WkpfpVdawe qrefegUwg opDWkpfpVdawe qrefegUwg E [ṇ]
[] [ ōō] • [aa āā] • [āā  u
u  ēē ]
• • • • • [ aa āā  āā]
• • • • u  ēē ]
[  u • • • • • [ aa āā  āā]
• • • •
w [t]
relofWkpfpVdawe qrefegUwg tVd,geH tkyogWug rdpfQgWdwfIdug
x [tʰ]
[ ōō u
u  ēē ]
• • • • • [ aa āā  āā]
• • • • [ āā aa] • • [ āā  āā] • • • [ii āā ii  āā]
• • • •
W [d]
qrgWgeg;;
rdpfQgWdwfIdurfrqrgWgeg aw ug,qfq aZWg yVH rVEg tyg,H WkUfUwd H
[ii āā ii  aa  āā āā āā]
• • • • • • • • [ēē] [āā aa ] • • [ēē āā] • [ aa] • [ āā] • [ āā aa]
• • u  ii]
[u • • X [dʰ]
odedygwH edV,H tkyyefeg. tdar og ye Zlefwlof qwfwg ug,qkpVdawe e [n]
[ āā aa] • • [ aa] • [ aa āā] • • [ ēē]
• [āā] [] [ ōō] • [aa āā] • [āā  ēē ]
• • •
y [p]
qrefegUwg opDqkpVdawe qrefegUwg relofqkpVdawe qrefegUwg tVd,geH
[ aa āā  āā]
• • • • [   ēē ]
• • • • [ aa āā  āā]
• • • • [ ōō  ēē ]
• • • • [ aa āā  āā]
• • • • [ āā aa] • •
z [pʰ]
tekyogWug qrgWgeg;;
qrfrgWdwfIdug qrfrgWdwfIdurfrqrgWgeg aw ug,qfq aZWg yVH Y [b]
[ āā  āā] • • • [aa āā ii  āā]

• • • • [aa āā ii  aa  āā āā āā]
• • • • • • • • [ēē] [āā aa ] • • [ēē āā] • [ aa] •
Z [bʰ]
rVEg qkUwd H qUfUH vlofuH tkyyefeg’wd. tdwd WdYfaYe pufckeg odqkWfaXe r [m]
[ āā] • [ ii] • [aa aa] • [ōō aa] • [ aa āā ] • • • [] [ii ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • u ēē ]
[ u • • •
, [y]
twdufuefwrgekqaue qwfaw yqfqgrd porgae tkyyPfPrgae [Dae yEDaw
[ ii aa  āā  ēē ]
• • • • • • • [aa ēē] • [aa āā ] • • [ āā ēē] • • [ aa  āā ēē] • • • • [ ēē] • [  ēē] • •
V [r]
aw,, ,xgurfrlyaU
qkoEfaE WkYfYEfaE qkUaw WkUfUaw qwfaw yPgegrd. t,H clof v [l]
[ aa ēē]
• • u aa ēē]
[u • • [ ēē] • u  ēē]
[u • • [ āā aa ū
ū  ēē]
• • • • • [aa ēē] • [ āā āā ] • • • [ aa] • [ōō] o [v]
ar,, YfVg[frE
ar E,, Vwfwd,g rPf™dar ,gar Wkwd,g odPfPg tXdUwg, todPfPg od[wg, q [s]
[ēē] [ā ] • [aa  āā] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē] • [ āā] • [ii āā] • [ āā] • [ ii āā]
• • [ āā] •
[ [h]
odPfPg tkyfyefeg, wrlof od[wlof, tgvlofulof tkyfyefelof> ,xg wH tyfyrwfwqfq
[ii āā]• u aa āā]
[u • • [ ōō] • [ ōō] • [āā ōō ōō]
• • u aa ōō]
[u • • [ āā] • [aa] [aa  aa aa ]
• • • •
` [ḷ]
tgwgydelof y[dwwfwqfq od[Vwlof. t,H clof ar

ar,, YfVg[frE
E,, Wkwd,gZdedYfZdWg t[lofqd tH [ŋ̊]
[āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ aa aa ] • • • [ ōō] • [ aa] • [ōō] [ēē] [ā ] • [ āā  ii  āā] • • • • • [ ōō ] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
7
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ukufukwpfQgyuqfaqo tEfPulofqrf[gg..
u  aa āā  aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [aa  ōō aa ā]
• • • •
1 -17 qlof atoH qrg[daw pdwfaw yVdqkWfaX yVd,lofWgaw teHUaE

[ōō] [ēē aa]
• [ āā  ēē]
• • • [ii ēē]
• u ēē]
[ u • • [ ōō āā ēē] • • • [ aa  ēē]
• • •
odUwlyufudavaq rkWkZlaw urfreda, Idaw tgaeNfPyfywfaw tgqogeH c,NgEg,

ū aa  ēē ēē]
[ ū • • • • • ū ēē]
• • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ āā āā ] • • •
pdwfwH tZdedefegarqd.H qlof ‘tdWH Wkufce

e’’wd ,xgZlwH tYfZNfNgqd,H ‘t,H
[ii aa]
• [ ii āā ēē ii]
• • • • [ōō] [ aa]• u aa ]
[u • • [ āā ū
ū aa] • • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • • [ aa]•
WkufcqrkW,lof’wd ,xgZlwH tYfZNfNgqd,H ‘t,H WkufcedVlofXlof’wd ,xgZlwH

u  ōō ]
[u • • • [ āā ū
ū aa]• • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • • [ aa]• u  ōō ōō ]
[u • • • • [ āā ū
ū aa]
• • •
tYfZNfNgqd,H ‘t,H WkufcedVlofXUgrdeD ywdyWg’wd ,xgZlwH tYfZNfNgqd;H ‘tdar

[aa aa āā ii]
• • • [ aa]• u  ōō  āā  ]
[u • • • • • • [ āā ] • • [ āā ū
ū aa]• • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • • [ ēē]
•
tgqog’wd ,xgZlwH tYfZNfNgqd,H ‘t,H tgqoqrkW,lof’wd ,xgZlwH tYfZNfNgqd,H

[āā  āā ]
• • • [ āā ū
ū aa]
• • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • • [ aa] • [āā  ōō ]
• • • [ āā ū
ū aa] • • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • •
‘t,H tgqoedVlofXlof’wd ,xgZlwH tYfZNfNgqd,H ‘t,H tgqoedVlofXUgrdeD ywdyWg’wd

[ aa]
• [āā  ōō ōō ]
• • • • [ āā ū
ū aa]
• • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • • [ aa]• [āā  ōō  āā  ]
• • • • • • [ āā ] • •
,xgZlwH tYfZNfNgqd.H wqfq ar atoH Pgewlof atoH yqfqwlof ugrgqogyd pdwfwH

[ āā ū
ū aa]
• • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • • [aa ] • [ēē] [ēē aa]
• [āā  ōō]• • [ēē aa]
• [aa  ōō] • • [āā āā  āā ]
• • • • [ii aa]
•
odrkpfpdwfx Zogqogyd pdwfwH odrkpfpdwfx todPfPgqogyd pdwfwH odrkpfpdwfx.

u ii ]
[ u• • • [ āā  āā ]
• • • • [ii aa] • u ii ]
[ u • • • [ ii āā  āā ]
• • • • • [ii aa] • u ii ]
[ u • • •
odrkwfwqfrd H odrkwfwrdwd NgEH t[lofqd. ‘cDEg Pgwd, okqdwH YfV[frpVd,H, uwH

u aa i]
[ u• • • u ]
[ u • • [āā aa] • [ ōō ] • • [ āā] • [āā ] • [ aa] • [ aa] • [ aa] •
uVED,H, egyVH g,g’’wd tYfZNfNgqd.H t,H clof ar

tdwfxwfwg,g ar,, YfVg[frE
E,, Vwfwd,g
[  aa] • • [āā  aa]• • [ii aa āā āā ]
• • • • [aa aa āā ii]
• • • [ aa]• [ōō] [ēē] [ā ] • [aa  āā]
• •
ypfQdar ,gar wwd,g odPfPg tXdUwg, todPfPg od[wg, odPfPg tkyfyefeg, wrlof
[aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē] • [ āā] • [ii āā] • [ āā] • [ ii āā]
• • [ āā] • [ii āā] • u aa āā]
[u • • [ ōō] •
od[wlof, tgvlofulof tkyfyefelof> ,xg wH tyfyrwfwqfq tgwgydelof y[dwwfwqfq od[Vwlof.

[ ōō] • [āā ōō ōō]• • u aa ōō]
[u • • [ āā] • [aa] [aa  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ aa aa ] • • • [ ōō] •
ar,, YfVg[frE
t,H clof ar E,, wwd,gZdedYfZdWg t[lofqd> ukufukwpfQgyuqfaqo
[ aa]
• [ōō] [ēē] [ā ] • [ āā  ii  āā]
• • • • • [ ōō ]
• • u  aa āā  aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • •
tEfPulofqrf[gg””wd.
[aa  ōō aa ā ]
• • • • •
1 -18 w,, aoVNfPlof YfVg[frElof ZUoefwH

atoH okwfaw atwWolofp> aPwfIlof
[ēē aa] • u ēē]
[u • [ēē aa ōō] • • [ā  ōō] • • [ aa aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ ōō] •
ZoH Ulofwrlof, aqwfIlof ZoH Ulofwrlof. tZdufuefwH, Zlof Ulofwrr,, tZdufuefwH, Zlof
[ aa] • [ōō  ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ aa] • [ōō  ōō] • • [ ii aa aa]
• • • [ōō] [ōō ] • [ ii aa aa]
• • • [ōō]
Ulofwrr.. aq,f,xgyd, Zlof Ulofwrr,, edufukPfPdwH og tkufukPfaP,f,, ywdpfQefeH og

[ōō ]• [  āā ] • • • [ōō] [ōō ] • [ii u
u  aa] • • • [āā] u u
[u u  ] • • • [ ii aa aa]
• • • [āā]
odoaV,f,, rl`f[qfq og rUfUH tgpdufac,f,, tefXugaV og awvyPfPlofwH XgaV,f,>

[  ] • • ū a ]
[ū • • [āā] [aa aa] • [āā ii  ]
• • • [aa  āā ēē] • • • [āā] [ēē  aa ōō aa]
• • • • [āā  ] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
8
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
‘pufckrefwlof Vlyged WufcefwDD’’wd; atoaroH Zlofwg Ulofware taeuyVd,ga,e

[aa  aa ōō]
• • • ū āā ]
[ū • • [aa aa  ] • • • [ēē  ēē aa]
• • • [ōō āā] • [ōō  ēē ]
• • • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • u [k]
Xrfrlof yugqdwlof. atqg[H ZoefwH UlofwrH qVEH UpfQgrd XrfrNfp c [kʰ]
[aa ōō] • [ āā  ōō]
• • • [ēē āā aa]
• • [ aa aa]
• • [ōō  aa] • • [ aa] • [aa āā ] • • [aa aa ] • •
U [g]
ZdufckqHCNfp. tkygquH rH ZoH Ulofwrlof XgaVwk tPfPwUfaU ygEkaywH
C [gʰ]
[ii  aa aa ]
• • • • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa] [ aa] • [ōō  ōō]• • [āā ēē ] • • [aa  aa ēē]
• • • [āā  ēē aa]
• • •
i [ṅ]
qVEH UwH. tXdogaqwk p ar ZoH Ulofwrlof aoVNfPg,H oqfqgogqH qWfXd H
[ aa] • [ aa] • [ āā ēē ] • • • [] [ēē] [ aa] • [ōō  ōō] • • [ēē aa āā aa] • • • [aa āā āā aa]
• • • [aa ii] • p [c]
Ceg””wd.
ZdufckqHaCeg tXdogaqqd ZUog DZgaoe..
wkEf[DZgaoe tx clof aoVNfPlof YfVg[frElof Q [cʰ]
[ii  aa ēē āā ]
• • • • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [ āā] • u  āā ēē ]
[u • • • • [] [ōō] [ēē aa ōō]
• • [ā  ōō] • •
P [j]
ZUowlof tXdogqeH odWdwfog tkwfIg,gqeg ZUoefwH tZdogaWwfog yWufcdEH
[ ōō] • [ āā  aa] • • • [ ii ā]
• • u āā āā  āā]
[u • • • • [ aa aa] • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [ aa  aa]
• • •
™ [jʰ]
uwfog yufugrd. N [ñ]

[aa ā]
• [aa āā ] • •
T [ṭ]
1 -19 awe clof ye qra,e aoVNfPg WkYfZdufcg [lofwd WfoD[dwdug I [ṭʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ēē aa āā]
• • u ii āā]
[u • • [ōō ] • [  āā] • •
J [ḍ]
aqwwfIdug qvgugokwfwg e qkuVg tkNfaQe yUfUa[e ,gaywkH. awe clof ye
[ēē aa  āā]
• • • [ āā āā u
u āā]
• • • • [] [ āā] • u ēē ]
[u • • [aa  ēē ] • • • [āā ēē u
u] • • [ēē ] • [ōō] []
$ [ḍʰ]
qra,e tkwfwVgyxug tqfqogEdPg yNfprwfaw[d tqfqqaw[d aoVNfPH E [ṇ]

[ ēē ] • • u  āā  āā]
[u • • • • [aa  āā  āā]
• • • • [aa  aa ēē ] • • • • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [ēē aa aa]
• •
w [t]
oqfqgogqH tkyUwg [lefwd. aw[d tqfqrEfPvdugqk ZdufcleH ywfxywfxykvuH x [tʰ]
[aa āā āā aa]
• • • [ āā] • [ ] • [ēē ]• [aa  aa  āā ]
• • • • • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [aa  aa  aa]
• • • •
W [d]
yNfNwfwH [lofwd. Zdufcl ykYfYEf[qr,H edogaqwfog ywfwpDoVrgWg, aoVNfPH
[aa aa aa]
• • [ōō ] • [ii ū
ū] • u aa  aa]
[u • • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • [aa    āā āā ]
• • • • • • [ēē aa aa] • •
X [dʰ]
ydEfPg, yodqdwfog ydEfPH tvZrgeg tqfqrEfPvdugqk ydEfPg, pVdwfog e [n]
[ii āā ]
• • [ ii ā] • • [ii aa] • [ āā āā] • • [aa  aa  āā ]
• • • • • [ii āā ] • • [ ii ā] • •
y [p]
ywfxywfxykvuH tgVgrH tg[Vdwfog tkWkufcav ulwfawwfog ulwfawwfog
z [pʰ]
[aa  aa  aa]
• • • • [āā āā aa]
• • [āā  ii ā]
• • • u  ēē]
[ u • • • [ ēē ā] • • [ ēē ā] • •
Y [b]
yVdZkNfPefwd. tg,qfrg yegeefWlof ywfxykvuH qdvg,H ydqdwfog ZUowlof tkyegarwd.
u aa ]
[ u • • • [āā aa ā]
• • [ āā aa ōō]
• • • [aa  aa]• • [ āā aa]
• • [ ii ā] • • [ ōō] • [ āā ēē ] • • • Z [bʰ]
wH ZUog yVdZkNfPwd. r [m]
[aa] [ āā] • u ]
[ u • •
, [y]
1 -20 tqfqlofqd clof ZUog tkWkufcvqWfWH. Pgeefwgyd wxgUwg V [r]
[aa ōō ] • • [ōō] [ āā] • u  aa aa]
[ u • • • • [āā aa āā ] • • • [ āā  āā] • • •
v [l]
ykpfQefwd, Pgeefwgyd e ykpfQefwd; ugvH odWdwfog ykpfQefwd, ugvH odWdwfog e
u aa ]
[u • • [āā aa āā ]
• • • [] u aa ]
[u • • [āā aa] • [ ii ā] • • u aa ]
[u • • [āā aa]
• [ ii ā]
• • [] o [v]
ykpfQefwd; twfxqH[dwH wxgUwg ykpfQefwd, elof tewfxqH[dwH. tewfxqH[daw q [s]

u aa ]
[u • • [aa  aa  aa]
• • • • [ āā  āā]
• • • u aa ]
[u • • [ōō] [ aa  aa  aa]
• • • • • [ aa  aa  ēē]
• • • • •
[ [h]
aqwkCgwlof wxgUwgeH. WfoD[d tgugaV[d YkWfXg ZUoefwlof Zdufcl ywdykpfQefwd> ` [ḷ]
[ēē  āā ōō]
• • • [ āā  āā aa]
• • • • [ ] • [āā āā ēē ] • • • u āā]
[u • [ aa ōō] • • [ii ū
ū] • u aa ]
[ u • • •
tH [ŋ̊]
XrfrH og gr,, qgougeH
aWaqqfqgr og qdufcgyWH yNfNayqfqgrgwd.
[aa aa] • [āā] [ēē  āā ]• • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [āā] [ii āā  aa] • • • [aa   āā āā ]
• • • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
9
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -21 tx clof ZUog tg,qfrefwH tgeefWH tgrefawqd> ud H ek clof qlof,

[] [ōō] [ āā] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [āā aa aa]
• • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [ii] [] [ōō] [ōō]
tgeefW, tkWkufcvqWfWlof”wd? tx clof tg,qfrg tgeefWlof ZUowlof atwrwfxH

[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ōō ]
[ u • • • • • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [āā aa ōō]
• • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • •
tgVlofapqd. qgXk qgXk, tgeefW. wkrfa[[d, tgeefW, qyfykVdaq[d odPdwH. ypfQdrg

[āā ōō ēē ]
• • • [āā ] • [āā ] • [āā aa ]• • u ē ]
[u • • [āā aa ]
• • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [ aa] • [aa  āā] • •
Pewg qgvdrHqlofWeH wD””wd.

twdrNfNdqfqwD
[ āā] • [āā  aa ōō  aa]
• • • • • [ aa ii   ]
• • • • •
1 -22 tx clof tg,qfrg r[grlUfUvfvgelof a,e ZUog awekyqHurd;

[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ āā  aa āā ōō]
• • • • • [ēē ] • [ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • •
tkyqHurdwfog ZUoefwH tZdogaWwfog aturefwH edqDWd. aturefwH edqdefelof clof

[ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ aa aa] • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [  ]
• • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ ii ōō] • • [ōō]
tg,qfrg r[grlUfUvfvgelof ZUoefwH atwWolofp> atwV[d, Zefaw

w,, aoVNfPg
[āā aa ā]
• • [ āā  aa āā ōō]
• • • • • [ aa aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ēē ]
• [aa ēē] • [ēē aa āā] • •
WkYfZdufcg WfoD[dwdug aqwwfIdug qvgugokwfwgg.. e qkuVg tkNfaQe yUfUa[e

u ii āā]
[u • • [  āā] • • [ēē aa  āā]
• • • [ āā āā u
•u āā] • • • [] [ āā] • u ēē ]
[u • • [aa  ēē ] • • •
,gaywkH. tdrdqfqg, Zefaw

w,, r[gyxod,g a[wfIdrwvH qrfyefeH> aq,f,xgyd
[āā ēē u
• u] • [ ii āā]
• • [aa ēē] • [ āā  āā]
• • • [  aa] • • [aa aa aa] • • [  āā ] • • •
ckWfWrXkH teDvuH; atorqfqgWH. qgXg[H, w,, yxod H

Zefaw yVdowfaw,f,H. Zdufcl
u  u
[u u] • • [   aa] • • • [ēē  aa āā aa]
• • • • [āā āā aa]
• • [aa ēē] • [ ii] • [ aa  aa] • • • [ii ū
ū] •
yyfywulofPH yVdZkNfPdqfqefwDD””wd. a, ye aw,, rlUfUvfvge

aw ge,, yxodedqfqdwg ygEg aw
[aa  ōō aa]
• • • u ii aa  ]
[ u • • • • • [ēē] [] [ēē] [ aa āā ]
• • • [ ii  āā] • • • [āā āā] • [ēē]
uxH qD””wd? atug[H, Zefaw

uVdqfqqD w,, ygEd H tZdedrfrdedqfqgrd> r[gyxoD..
aq,f,xgyd r[gyxoD
[ aa] • [ ii   ] • • • • [ēē āā aa]
• • [aa ēē] • [āā ii] • [ ii  ii āā ]
• • • • • [  āā ] • • • [ āā  ]• • •
a, yxodedqfqdwg ygEg aw wwfx qHugarqfqgrd. ataue [wfaxe yxod H

[ēē] [ ii  āā] • • • [āā āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [aa āā  āā ]
• • • • [ēē ēē ]
• • [aa ēē ] • • [ ii] •
grD””wd. tvH, rlUfUvfvge

yVdowfawqfqgrD ge,, rg aw Vkpfpd yxod H yVdowfawwkH.
[ aa  āā  ]
• • • • • [ aa]• [ aa āā ] • • • [āā] [ēē] u ]
[u • [ ii] • [ aa ēē u
u] • • •
odyvfvgqrfyd qwfwg ywdvaZ,f,ke”wd. qgXk, Zefaw

w,, qYfYlof ZdufckqHClof tkwfwVukVkH
[ aa āā aa ]
• • • • [aa āā] • u ]
[  u • • • [āā ] • [aa ēē] • [aa ōō] • [ii  aa ōō] • • • u  u
[u u]
• •
ydEfPg, UpfaQ,f,gg””wd. tvH, rlUfUvfvge

ge,, rg aw Vkpfpd qYfYqfq ZdufckqHCqfq
[ii āā ] • • [aa  āā ] • • • [ aa]• [ aa āā ] • • • [āā] [ēē] u ]
[u • [aa aa ] • • [ii  aa aa ] • • • •
Uree””wd.
tkwfwVukVkH ydEfPg, Uree
u  u
[u • u] • [ii āā ] • • [ aa ] • •
1 -23 tx clof tg,qfrwlof qgVdykwfwqfq V[lofUwqfq ywdqvfvDeqfq

[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [āā  u
u aa ]
• • • • [ ōō  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ] • • • •
atoH apwqlof yVdodwufulof tkWygWd> uwarqgeH clof YkWfXgeH ZUoefwgeH

[ēē aa]
• [ēē  ōō] • • [ aa ōō] • • [ āā ] • • [ ēē āā aa] • • • [ōō] u āā aa]
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • •
YfV[frpVd,H e pdVwfIdwduH t[lofqd; uwarqgeH YkWfXgeH ZUoefwgeH

[ aa] • [] [ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō ] • • [ ēē āā aa] • • • u āā aa]
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
10
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
YfV[frpVd,H pdVwfIdwduH t[lofqDD””wd?

[ aa] • [ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō  ]
• • • u [k]
1 -24 tx clof tg,qfrg qgVdykwfwlof qg,ef[qr,H ywdqvfvgeg c [kʰ]
[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [āā  u
u ōō]• • • [āā  aa]
• • [ aa āā āā] • • •
U [g]
okwfIdwlof a,e ZUog awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog ZUoefwH tZdogaWwfog
C [gʰ]
u  ōō]
[u • • [ēē ] • [ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [ aa aa] • • [ āā ēē ā] • • •
i [ṅ]
aturefwH edqDWd. aturefwH edqdefelof clof tg,qfrg qgVdykwfwlof ZUoefwH
[ēē  aa aa]
• • • [  ]
• • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ ii ōō]
• • [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [āā  u
u ōō]
• • • [ aa aa] • • p [c]
atwWolofp> tdX r,f[H, w,, V[lofUwqfq ywdqvfvDeqfq atoH apwqlof
Zefaw Q [cʰ]
[ēē  ōō ]
• • • [] [aa a] • [aa ēē] • [ ōō  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ] • • • • [ēē aa]
• [ēē  ōō] • •
P [j]
yVdodwufulof tkWygWd> ‘uwarqgeH clof YkWfXgeH ZUoefwgeH YfV[frpVd,H e
™ [jʰ]
[ aa ōō] • • [ āā ] • • [ ēē āā aa] • • • [ōō] u āā aa]
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • • [ aa] • []
N [ñ]
pdVwfIdwduH t[lofqd, uwarqgeH YkWfXgeH ZUoefwgeH YfV[frpVd,H
[ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō ]
• • [ ēē āā aa] • • • u āā aa]
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • • [ aa] • T [ṭ]
pdVwfIdwduH t[lofqDD’’wd. uwarqgeH ek clof, Zefaw
w,, YkWfXgeH ZUoefwgeH I [ṭʰ]
[ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō  ]
• • • [ ēē āā aa] • • • [] [ōō] [aa ēē] • u āā aa]
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • •
J [ḍ]
YfV[frpVd,H e pdVwfIdwduH t[lofqd, uwarqgeH YkWfXgeH ZUoefwgeH
$ [ḍʰ]
[ aa] • [] [ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō ]
• • [ ēē āā aa] • • • u āā aa]
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • •
E [ṇ]
YfV[frpVd,H pdVwfIdwduH t[lofqDD””wd?
[ aa] • [ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō  ]
• • • w [t]
1 -25 ZUowlof p, qgVdykwfw, odyqfqdqfq ZUowlof p qdcdqfq ZUowlof x [tʰ]
[ ōō] • [] [āā  u
u ]
• • • [ aa ii ]
• • • [ ōō] • [] [ ii ]
• • [ ōō] •
W [d]
p aoqfqZkqfq YfV[frpVd,H e pdVwfIdwduH t[lofqd. ZUowlof p, qgVdykwfw, X [dʰ]
[] u ]
[  u • • • [ aa] • [] [ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō ]
• • [ ōō] • [] [āā  u
u ]
• • •
e [n]
uukqefXqfq ZUowlof p ulofEgUreqfq ZUowlof p uqfqyqfq YfV[frpVd,H
[ aa aa ] • • • [ ōō] • [] [ōō āā  aa ]
• • • • [ ōō] • [] [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa] • y [p]
pdVwfIdwduH t[lofqDD””wd. z [pʰ]

[ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō  ]
• • •
Y [b]
1 -26 ulof ek clof, Zefaw
w,, a[wk ulof ypfp,lof, a,e ZUowlof p Z [bʰ]
[ōō] [] [ōō] [aa ēē] • [ēē ] • [ōō] [aa  ōō] • • [ēē ] • [ ōō] • []
r [m]
odyqfqdqfq ZUowlof p qdcdqfq ZUowlof p aoqfqZkqfq YfV[frpVd,H e
[ aa ii ]
• • • [ ōō] • [] [ ii ]• • [ ōō] • [] u ]
[  u • • • [ aa] • [] , [y]
pdVwfIdwduH t[lofqDD””wd? ZUog p, qgVdykwfw, odyqfqD ZUog p qdcD ZUog V [r]
[ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō  ]
• • • [ āā] • [] [āā  u
u ] • • • [ aa ] • • [ āā] • [] [ ] • [ āā] •
v [l]
p aoqfqZl udvgqkelof ta[qkH qgougeH odwfxgaVe XrfrH aWaqwkH. tyfyuNfp o [v]
[] ū]
[  ū • • [ āā  ōō]
• • • [ ēē u
• u] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā ēē ]• • • [aa aa] • [ēē ēē u
u]
• • [aa  aa ]• • •
aeqH t[lofqd qkwfwH aU,f,H ao,f,guVEH Ugxg tkWgeH tdwdokwfwuH PgwuH q [s]
[ēē aa]• [ ōō ] • • u aa]
[u • [ aa] • [ āā  aa] • • • [āā āā] • [ āā aa]• • u  aa]
[ u • • • [āā  aa]
• •
[ [h]
tYfZkwXrfrH aoWvfvH. tyNfNwfwH qgougeH qdufcgyWH. tekWfWdwfIH ` [ḷ]

[aa  aa aa]
• • • [ēē aa aa]
• • [ aa aa aa]
• • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa] • • • u ii aa]
[ u • • •
tH [ŋ̊]
ygwdrlufcH. awqH YkWfXgeH ZUoefwgeH tefwVXgaee YkWfXgekYkWfXgeH
[āā   aa]
• • • [ēē aa]
• u āā aa]
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • u āā  u
[u u āā aa]
• • • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
11
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
qgougeH tefwVXgaee a, aw ypfQdrg qgoug egegegrg egegUlwfwg egegPpfpg

[āā  āā aa]
• • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [ēē] [ēē] [aa  āā] • • [āā  āā]• • [āā āā āā āā]
• • • [āā āā  āā]
• • • [āā āā aa āā]
• • •
egegukvg yYfYPdwg aw wH YfV[frpVd,H cdyfyNfaNo tefwVXgayqkH. aq,f,xgyd,

[āā āā  āā]
• • • [aa  āā] • • [ēē] [aa] [ aa] • [ii aa ēē ]
• • • [aa  āā ēē u
• u] • • • [  āā ] • • •
qgVdykwfw, egegykyfzged zvau edufcdwfwged qkwfawe tqHU[dwged wged ogwlof

[āā  u
• u ] • • [āā āā u
u āā ]
• • • • [ ēē] • [ii ii āā ]
• • • u ēē ]
[u • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [āā ] • [āā ōō] •
odudVwd odXrwd odWfXHaqwd. wH udqfq a[wk? ,xg wH qkwfawe tqHU[dwwfwgg..

[] [] [ii aa ēē ]
• • • [aa] [ii ] • [ēē ]
• [ āā] • [aa] u ēē ]
[u • • [ aa  aa āā]
• • • •
atoaro clof, qgVdykwfw, awqH YkWfXgeH ZUoefwgeH tefwVXgaee

[ēē  ēē ]
• • • [ōō] [āā  u
u ]
• • • [ēē aa]
• u āā aa]
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • •
YkWfXgekYkWfXgeH qgougeH tefwVXgaee a, aw ypfQdrg qgoug egegegrg

u āā  u
[u u āā aa]
• • • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [ēē] [ēē] [aa  āā] • • [āā  āā]
• • [āā āā āā āā]
• • •
egegUlwfwg egegPpfpg egegukvg yYfYPdwg aw wH YfV[frpVd,H cdyfyNfaNo

[āā āā  āā]
• • • [āā āā aa āā]
• • • [āā āā  āā]• • • [aa  āā] • • [ēē] [aa] [ aa] • [ii aa ēē ] • • •
tefwVXgayqkH.
[aa  āā ēē u
• u] • • •
1 -27 tudvgqkelof p aw ZUoefwlof ta[qkH qgoau apwqg apwlof

[ āā  ōō]• • • [] [ēē] [ aa ōō] • • [ ēē u
u] • • [āā  ēē]• • [ēē  āā] • • [ēē ōō] •
yVdpfp tlofoWdwkH. ZlwykYfYH, qgVdykwfw, aoqfqZl ZUog tV[H qrfrgqrfYkWfXlof

[ ii ]
• • [ōō  u
• u] • ū  u
[ū u aa] • • • [āā  u
u ]
• • • ū]
[  ū • • [ āā] • [ aa] • [aa āā aa u
u ōō] • • • •
tNfNwVqfrd H Zdqeau
H oeqEfaP q[qfqH ZdufckqHCH apwqg apwlof yVdpfp
[aa  aa i]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [ aa ēē] • • [ aa aa]
• • [ii  aa aa]
• • • [ēē  āā] • • [ēē ōō] • [ ii ] • •
tlofoWwd tekqgqwd> ‘atoH odwufaux

ux,, rg atoH odwufu,dwfx; atoH reqduVlofx,
[ōō ]
• [ āā ] • • [ēē aa]
• [ aa ēē ]• • • [āā] [ēē aa]
• [ aa  ii ]
• • • • [ēē aa]
• [ ōō ] • •
rg atoH reqguwfx; yP[x,, tdWH tkyqrfyPfP od[Vxg’wd. tx clof,

tdWH yP[x
[āā] [ēē aa]
• [ āā aa ] • • • [ aa]• [] [ aa]• [ aa aa ]
• • • [ āā ] • • [] [ōō]
qgVdykwfw, wqfq Zdufckq[qfqqfq aoqfqZkeg ZUowg tV[wg qrfrgqrfYkWfaXe

[āā  u
• u ] • • [aa ] • [ii  aa aa ] • • • • [  āā] • • [ āā] • [ āā] • [aa āā aa u
u ēē ]
• • • • •
atoH tlofoWd,rgegeH atoH tekqgqd,rgegeH tekygWg, tgqao[d pdwfwged

[ēē aa]
• [ōō  āā āā aa]
• • • • [ēē aa]
• [ āā  āā āā aa]
• • • • • [ āā āā ] • • • [āā  ēē ]
• • • [ii āā ] • •
H .
odrkpfpdqk wwfV qkWH, qgVdykwfw, Zdqeuqf
H q oeqEfPqfq Zdqeuwqf
H rd H [lofwd>
u ii ]
[ u• • • [aa ] • [ aa] • [āā  u
u ]
• • • [ii  aa ] • • • [ aa aa ] • • • [ii  aa i]
• • • [ōō ]•
,lof ulofpd toDwVgUlof wH oeqEfPH yodqwd, a,Zk,fa,e vlofrged [Hqefwd. t,H

[ōō] [ōō ] • [   āā ōō]
• • • • [aa] [ aa aa] • • [] [ēē u
u ēē ] • • • [ōō āā ] • • [aa aa ] • • [ aa]•
clof, qgVdykwfw, a[wk t,H ypfp,lof a,e ZUowlof p odyqfqdqfq ZUowlof p

[ōō] [āā  u
u ] • • • [ēē ] • [ aa]• [aa  ōō] • • [ēē ] • [ ōō] • [] [ aa ii ]
• • • [ ōō] • []
qdcdqfq ZUowlof p aoqfqZkqfq YfV[frpVd,H e pdVwfIdwduH t[lofqDD””wd.

[ ii ]
• • [ ōō] • [] u ]
[  u • • • [ aa] • [] [ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō  ]
• • •
1 -28 ye,,
ulof ye w,, a[wk ulof ypfp,lof a,e ZUowlof p
Zefaw
[ōō] [] [aa ēē] • [ēē ] • [ōō] [aa  ōō] • • [ēē ] • [ ōō] • []
uukqefXqfq ZUowlof p ulofEgUreqfq ZUowlof p uqfqyqfq YfV[frpVd,H

[ aa aa ] • • • [ ōō] • [] [ōō āā  aa ]
• • • • [ ōō] • [] [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
12
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
pdVwfIdwduH t[lofqDD””wd? ZUog p, qgVdykwfw, uukqefXlof ZUog p

[ aa  aa]
• • • [ ōō  ]
• • • [ āā] • [] [āā  u
u ]
• • • [ aa ōō] • • [ āā] • [] u [k]
ulofEgUrelof ZUog p uqfqylof tudvgqkelof ta[qkH qgougeH odwfxgaVe c [kʰ]
[ōō āā  ōō]
• • • [ āā] • [] [aa  ōō] • • [ āā  ōō] • • • [ ēē u
u]
• • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā ēē ]
• • •
U [g]
XrfrH aWaqwkH. Y[kNfp aeqH t[lofqd qkwfwH aU,f,H ao,f,guVEH Ugxg
[aa aa] • [ēē ēē u
u] • • u ]
[ u • • [ēē aa] • [ ōō ]
• • u aa]
[u • [ aa] • [ āā  aa] • • • [āā āā] •
C [gʰ]
tkWgeH tdwdokwfwuH PgwuH tYfZkwXrfrH aoWvfvH, yNfNwfwH qgougeH i [ṅ]
[ āā aa]
• • u  aa]
[ u • • • [āā  aa]
• • [aa  aa aa]• • • [ēē aa aa]
• • [aa aa aa] • • [āā  āā aa]
• • •
p [c]
qdufcgyWH, tkWfWdwfIH ygwdrlufcH. awqH YkWfXgeH ZUoefwgeH tefwVXgaee Q [cʰ]
[ii āā  aa]
• • • u ii aa]
[u • • [āā   aa]• • • [ēē aa] • u āā aa]
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • •
P [j]
YkWfXgekYkWfXgeH qgougeH tefwVXgaee a, aw ypfQdrg qgoug egegegrg
u āā  u
[u u āā aa]
• • • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [ēē] [ēē] [aa  āā] • • [āā  āā]
• • [āā āā āā āā] • • •
™ [jʰ]
egegUlwfwg egegPpfpg egegukvg yYfYPdwg aw wH YfV[frpVd,H pdVH N [ñ]

[āā āā  āā]
• • • [āā āā aa āā]
• • • [āā āā  āā]
• • • [aa  āā] • • [ēē] [aa] [ aa] • [ aa] •
T [ṭ]
WDCrWfXgeH IayqkH. aq,f,xgyd, qgVdykwfw, egegykyfzged zvau edufcdwfwged I [ṭʰ]
[  aa āā aa]
• • • • [ ēē u
u] • • [  āā ] • • • [āā  u
u ]
• • • [āā āā u
u āā ]
• • • • [ ēē] • [ii ii āā ]
• • •
J [ḍ]
qkwfawe qkqHU[dwged, wged ogwlof e odudVwd e odXrwd e odWfXHaqwd. wH
u ēē ]
[u • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [āā ] • [āā ōō] • [] [] [] [] [] [ii aa ēē ]
• • • [aa] $ [ḍʰ]
udqfq a[wk? ,xg wH qkwfawe qkqHU[dwwfwgg.. atoaro clof, qgVdykwfw, awqH E [ṇ]
[ii ] • [ēē ] • [ āā] • [aa] u ēē ]
[u • • [ aa  aa āā]
• • • • [ēē  ēē ]
• • • [ōō] [āā  u
u ]
• • • [ēē aa] •
w [t]
YkWfXgeH ZUoefwgeH tefwVXgaee YkWfXgekYkWfXgeH qgougeH tefwVXgaee
x [tʰ]
u āā aa]
[u • • [ aa āā aa] • • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • u āā  u
[u u āā aa] • • • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • •
a, aw ypfQdrg qgoug egegegrg egegUlwfwg egegPpfpg egegukvg yYfYPdwg aw W [d]

[ēē] [ēē] [aa  āā] • • [āā  āā] • • [āā āā āā āā]
• • • [āā āā  āā]
• • • [āā āā aa āā] • • • [āā āā  āā] • • • [aa  āā] • • [ēē] X [dʰ]
wH YfV[frpVd,H pdVH WDCrWfXgeH IayqkH. t,H clof, qgVdykwfw, a[wk t,H e [n]
[aa] [ aa] • [ aa] • [  aa āā aa]
• • • • [ ēē u
u] • • [ aa]• [ōō] [āā  u
u ] • • • [ēē ] • [ aa] •
y [p]
ypfp,lof a,e ZUowlof p uukqefXqfq ZUowlof p ulofEgUreqfq ZUowlof p
[aa  ōō] • • [ēē ] • [ ōō] • [] [ aa aa ] • • • [ ōō] • [] [ōō āā  aa ]
• • • • [ ōō] • [] z [pʰ]
uqfqyqfq YfV[frpVd,H pdVwfIdwduH t[lofqDD””wd. Y [b]
[aa  aa ] • • • [ aa] • [ aa  aa]

• • • [ ōō  ]
• • •
Z [bʰ]
1 -29 tx clof tg,qfrg qgVdykwfwlof tkwfIg,gqeg atuHqH tkwfwVgqHUH r [m]
[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [āā  u
u ōō]• • • u āā āā  āā]
[u • • • • [ēē aa aa]
• • u  āā aa aa]
[u • • • •
, [y]
uVdwfog a,e ZUog aweNfPvd H yEgarwfog ZUoefwH atwWolofp> atwqfq,
[ ii ā]
• • [ēē ] • [ āā] • [ēē aa  ii]
• • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [ aa aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ēē aa ]
• •
V [r]
ZUog, ugvlof. atwqfq, qkUw

w,, ugvlof. ,H ZUog qgougeH qdufcgyWH v [l]
[ āā] • [āā ōō] • [ēē aa ]
• • [] [āā ōō] • [aa] [ āā] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa]
• • •
o [v]
yNfNay,f,, tkWfWdaq,f, ygwdrlufcH, ,x,dWH YfV[frpVd,H tWfXed,H tqfq q [s]

[aa   ] • • • u   ]
[u • • • [āā   aa]
• • • [ aa] • [ aa] • [aa  aa]
• • [aa ] •
[ [h]
e””wd. tgUar[d
pdVwfIdwdue wfoH, qgVdykwfw. tgUar[d wfoH, qgVdykwfw. wxgUwlofo
[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [āā  ēē ]
• • • [a] [āā  u
u ]
• • • [āā  ēē ]
• • • [a] [āā  u
u ] • • • [ āā  ōō ]
• • • •
` [ḷ]
wwfx ugvH Pgedqfqwd. e wgo,, qgVdykwfw, qwfxg qgougeH

wgo qdufcgyWH tH [ŋ̊]
[aa ] • [āā aa] • [āā ii ]
• • [] [āā ] • [āā  u
u ] • • • [aa āā] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
13
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
yNfNaywd tkWfWdqwd ygwdrlufcH ,go e tdaXupfap tgqowfIgeD,g Xrfrg

[aa  ēē ]
• • • u ]
[u • [āā   aa]• • • [āā ] • [] [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] •
qHaC ygwkZoefwd. ,wlof p clof, qgVdykwfw, tdaXupfap tgqowfIgeD,g Xrfrg

[aa ēē] • [āā  aa ]
• • • [ ōō] • [] [ōō] [āā  u
u ] • • • [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] •
qHaC ygwkZoefwd, tx qwfxg qgougeH qdufcgyWH yNfNaywd tkWfWdqwd

[aa ēē] • [āā  aa ]
• • • [] [aa āā] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa  ēē ]• • • u ]
[u •
ygwdrlufcH awqHa,o tgqowfIgeD,geH XrfrgeH gwg,..

ywdCgwg,
[āā   aa]
• • • [ēē aa ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā aa]
• • • • • • [aa āā aa] • • [ āā āā ] • • •
1 -30 e wgo,, qgVdykwfw, tdaXupfap tgqowfIgeD,g Xrfrg

wgo qHaC
[] [āā ] • [āā  u
u ]
• • • [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] • [aa ēē] •
ygwkZoefwd ,go e qHClof VwfwNfNkr[wfwH ywfwlof [lofwd. ,wlof p clof,

[āā  aa ]
• • • [āā ] • [] [aa ōō] • [aa aa  aa aa]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [ ōō] • [] [ōō]
qgVdykwfw, qHClof VwfwNfNkr[wfwH ywfwlof [lofwd tx tdaXupfap tgqowfIgeD,g

[āā  u
• u ] • • [aa ōō]
• [aa aa  aa aa]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [] [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • •
Xrfrg qHaC ygwkZoefwd, tx qwfxg qgougeH qdufcgyWH yNfNaywd

[aa āā] • [aa ēē]
• [āā  aa ]
• • • [] [aa āā] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa  ēē ] • • •
tkWfWdqwd ygwdrlufcH awqHa,o tgqowfIgeD,geH XrfrgeH gwg,..

ywdCgwg,
u ]
[u • [āā   aa]
• • • [ēē aa ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā aa]
• • • • • • [aa āā aa] • • [ āā āā ] • • •

wgo qHaC
[] [āā ] • [āā  u
u ]
• • • [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] • [aa ēē] •
ygwkZoefwd, ,go e qHClof aoykvfvr[wfwH ywfwlof [lofwd. ,wlof p clof,

[āā  aa ]
• • • [āā ] • [] [aa ōō] • [ēē u
u  aa aa]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [ ōō] • [] [ōō]
qgVdykwfw, qHClof aoykvfvr[wfwH ywfwlof [lofwd, tx tdaXupfap tgqowfIgeD,g

[āā  u
• u ] • • [aa ōō]
• [ēē u
u  aa aa]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [] [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • •

[aa āā] • [aa ēē]
• [āā  aa ]
• • • [] [aa āā] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa  ēē ] • • •

ywdCgwg,
u ]
[u • [āā   aa]
• • • [ēē aa ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā aa]
• • • • • • [aa āā aa] • • [ āā āā ] • • •

wgo qHaC
[] [āā ] • [āā  u
u ]
• • • [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] • [aa ēē] •
ygwkZoefwd, ,go e qHClof vgZUfUr[wfwH ywfwlof [lofwd. ,wlof p clof,

[āā  aa ]
• • • [āā ] • [] [aa ōō] • [āā aa  aa aa]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [ ōō] • [] [ōō]
qgVdykwfw, qHClof vgZUfUr[wfwH ywfwlof [lofwd, tx tdaXupfap tgqowfIgeD,g

[āā  u
• u ] • • [aa ōō]
• [āā aa  aa aa]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [] [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • •

[aa āā] • [aa ēē]
• [āā  aa ]
• • • [] [aa āā] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa  ēē ] • • •

ywdCgwg,
u ]
[u • [āā   aa]
• • • [ēē aa ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā aa]
• • • • • • [aa āā aa] • • [ āā āā ] • • •

wgo qHaC
[] [āā ] • [āā  u
u ]
• • • [ ēē aa ēē]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] • [aa ēē] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
14
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ygwkZoefwd, ,go e qHClof Yg[kqpfpr[wfwH ywfwlof [lofwd. ,wlof p clof,

[āā  aa ]
• • • [āā ] • [] [aa ōō] • [āā  aa  aa aa]
• • • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [ ōō] • [] [ōō] u [k]
qgVdykwfw, qHClof Yg[kqpfpr[wfwH ywfwlof [lofwd, tx tdaXupfap c [kʰ]
[āā  u
• u ] • • [aa ōō] • [āā  aa  aa aa]
• • • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [] [ ēē aa ēē]
• • •
U [g]
tgqowfIgeD,g Xrfrg qHaC ygwkZoefwd, tx qwfxg qgougeH qdufcgyWH
C [gʰ]
[āā  aa āā  āā]
• • • • • [aa āā] • [aa ēē] • [āā  aa ] • • • [] [aa āā] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa] • • •
yNfNaywd tkWfWdqwd ygwdrlufcH awqHa,o tgqowfIgeD,geH XrfrgeH i [ṅ]
[aa  ēē ]

• • • u ]
[u • [āā   aa]
• • • [ēē aa ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa āā  āā aa]
• • • • • • [aa āā aa] • •
p [c]
gwg,..
ywdCgwg, Q [cʰ]
[ āā āā ] • • •
P [j]
1 -34 edVYfYkWlof [d, qgVdykwfw, ZdufckqHClof edVgWDeolof tyUwug`ulof
™ [jʰ]
[ aa  ōō]
• • • [] [āā  u
u ] • • • [ii  aa ōō] • • • [ āā   ōō]
• • • • [ āā  ōō] • • •
N [ñ]
qkWfXlof qgaV ywdwfIdwlof. tdarqNf[d, qgVdykwfw, yNfpefeH ZdufckqwgeH ,lof
u ōō]
[u • [āā ēē] • [ ii  ōō]
• • • [ ēē aa ]
• • • [āā  u
u ] • • • [aa aa aa] • • [ii  āā aa] • • • [ōō] T [ṭ]
ypfQdrulof Zdufck qlof qlofwgyefelof todedygwXrfrlof ed,wlof qrfYlofXdyVg,Elof”wd. I [ṭʰ]
[aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ōō] [ōō āā aa ōō]
• • • [ āā  aa ōō] • • • • [ ōō] • [aa ōō  āā  ōō ]
• • • • • •
J [ḍ]
1 -35 tx clof ZUog tg,qfrefwH tgeefWH tgrefawqd> tgpdEfEH clof
$ [ḍʰ]
[] [ōō] [ āā] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [āā aa aa]
• • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [āā ii aa]
• • [ōō]
E [ṇ]
yaewH, tgeefW, wxgUwgeH a,[d edrefwdwg oqfqH oqefwd, e aw
[ ēē aa]
• • [āā aa ]• • [ āā  āā aa]
• • • • [ēē ] • [ aa  āā]
• • • [aa aa] • [ aa ] • • [] [ēē] w [t]
teyvlofauwfog PeyWpgVduH yufurefwd. tg,grgeefW, aoVNfPH YfVg[frEH x [tʰ]
[ ōō ēē ā] • • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [āā āā āā aa ]
• • • • [ēē aa aa] • • [ā  aa]
• •
W [d]
grg””wd. atoH, Zefaw
tyvlofauqfqgrg w””wd clof tg,qfrg tgeefWlof ZUowlof ypfpqfqlofqd. X [dʰ]
[ ōō  āā āā ]
• • • • • [ēē aa]
• [aa ēē ] • • [ōō] [āā aa ā] • • [āā aa ōō]
• • [ ōō] • [aa aa ōō ] • • •
e [n]
1 -36 tx clof ZUog edogaqwfog ywfwpDoVrgWg, tg,qfrwg
[] [ōō] [ āā] • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • [aa    āā āā ]
• • • • • • [āā aa  āā]
• • • y [p]
tgeefaWe ypfQgqraEe a,e aoVNfPqfq YfVg[frEqfq edaoqeH awekyqHurd; z [pʰ]

[āā aa ēē ]
• • • [aa āā  ēē ]
• • • • [ēē ] • [ēē aa aa ]
• • • [ā  aa ]
• • • [ ēē  aa]• • • [ēē  aa ]
• • •
Y [b]
tkyqHurdwfog yNfNwfaw tgqae edqDWd. tx clof aoVNfPlof YfVg[frElof a,e
Z [bʰ]
[ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [aa aa ēē] • • [āā  ēē]
• • [  ] • • [] [ōō] [ēē aa ōō]
• • [ā  ōō] • • [ēē ] •
r [m]
ZUog awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog ZUoefwH tZdogaWwfog aturefwH edqDWd.
[ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [ aa aa] • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [  ] • • , [y]
aturefwH edqdefeH clof aoVNfPH YfVg[frEH ZUog atwWolofp> edrefwdwrf[ V [r]
[ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [ōō] [ēē aa aa] • • [ā  aa] • • [ āā] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • •
v [l]
w,g, YfVg[frE
E,, oqfqHokwfIgg,, tyvlofaur wH, tdpfQgr r,H PeyWpgVduH
[ āā]
• [ā ] • [aa aa u
u āā] • • • [ ōō ēē ] • • • [aa] [ii āā ]
• • [ aa] • [ āā  aa] • • •
o [v]
yufurdwke”wd. qpfpH, Zlof Ulofwrr,, edrefwdwwfx r,g oqfqHokwfIgg;; tyd p ,lof q [s]
[aa  u
u ]
• • • [aa aa] • [ōō] [ōō ] • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ āā] • [aa aa u
u āā] • • • [] [] [ōō] [ [h]
aW,f,Xrfrlof qlof e Wdefelof. wNfp clof elof tqefwH, elofyd tWgwkurf,wg

wg,, wH ` [ḷ]
[  aa ōō]
• • • [ōō] [] [ii ōō] • [aa ] • [ōō] [ōō] [ aa aa]
• • [ōō ] • [ āā  aa  āā]
• • • • • [aa]
tH [ŋ̊]
ukawwfx vYfZg Y[kudpfpg CVgogqg VED,g..
Y[kuVED,g tXdogaqwk ar ZoH Ulofwrlof
[  ]
• • [aa āā]• [ ii āā] • • [ āā āā āā] • • • [  āā] • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [ēē] [ aa] • [ōō  ōō] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
15
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
qfogweg, Ceg””wd.
ZwfwH qWfXd H ZdufckqHaCeg tXdogaqqd ZUog DZgaoe..
wkEf[DZgaoe tx clof
[ā  āā ]
• • • [aa aa] • [aa ii] • [ii  aa ēē āā ]
• • • • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [ āā] • u  āā ēē ]
[u • • • • [] [ōō]
ZUog aoVNfPH YfVg[frEH Xrfrd,g uxg, qefWqfaqwfog qrgWaywfog

[ āā] • [ēē aa aa]
• • [ā  aa]• • [aa  āā] • • [ āā ] • • [aa aa ēē ā]
• • • [ āā  ēē ā]
• • • •
qrkwfawaPwfog qrfy[Haqwfog tkwfIg,gqeg yufugrd.

u ēē ēē ā]
[ u• • • • [aa  aa ēē ā]
• • • • u āā āā  āā]
[u • • • • [aa āā ] • •
1 -37 tx clof aoVNfPlof YfVg[frElof wqfqg Vwfwd,g tpfpa,e qau

[] [ōō] [ēē aa ōō]
• • [ā  ōō] • • [aa āā] • [aa  āā] • • [aa  ēē ] • • • [ ēē] •
edaoqae yEDwH cgWeD,H ZlofPeD,H ywd,gWgaywfog ZUowlof ugvH tgVlofpgayqd>

[ ēē  ēē]
• • • [  aa] • • [āā   aa]• • • [ōō   aa] • • • [ āā āā ēē ā] • • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa] • [āā ōō āā ēē ]
• • • •
ugvlof, Zlof Ulofwrr,, edwfIdwH Zwfwe

e””wd.
[āā ōō]
• [ōō] [ōō ] • [ii  aa] • • [aa aa ] • •
1 -38 tx clof ZUog ykYfYEf[qr,H edogaqwfog ywfwpDoVrgWg,

[] [ōō] [ āā] • u aa  aa]
[u • • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [aa    āā āā ]
• • • • • •
a,e aoVNfPqfq YfVg[frEqfq edaoqeH awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog yNfNwfaw

[ēē ]
• [ēē aa aa ]
• • • [ā  aa ] • • • [ ēē  aa] • • • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [aa aa ēē] • •
Ce..
tgqae edqDWd qWfXd H ZdufckqHaCe tx clof aoVNfPlof YfVg[frElof YkWfXyfyrkcH
[āā  ēē]
• • [  ] • • [aa ii] • [ii  aa ēē ] • • • • [] [ōō] [ēē aa ōō]
• • [ā  ōō] • • u aa  aa]
[u • • •
ZdufckqHCH yEDawe cgWeDa,e ZlofPeDa,e q[wfxg qefwyfaywfog qrfyogaVwfog

[ii  aa aa]
• • • [  ēē ] • • • [āā   ēē ] • • • • [ōō   ēē ] • • • • [ aa āā]
• • [aa aa ēē ā] • • • [aa  āā ēē ā]
• • • •
ZUoefwH Zkwfwgod H tlofeDwywfwygEd H wdpDoaVe tpfQgaWqd, atuaruNfp ZdufckH

[ aa aa] • • u āā ii]
[u • • [ōō   aa  āā ii]
• • • • • • [   ēē ]
• • • • [aa āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē  ēē aa ]
• • • • [ii u
u] •
atuaraue Wkqfq,kaUe tpfQgaWqd. tx clof ZUog aoVNfPH YfVg[frEH Xrfrd,g

[ēē  ēē ēē ]
• • • • u  ēē ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ]
• • • [] [ōō] [ āā] • [ēē aa aa]
• • [ā  aa] • • [aa  āā] • •
uxg, qefWqfaqwfog qrgWaywfog qrkwfawaPwfog qrfy[Haqwfog tkwfIg,gqeg

[ āā ]
• • [aa aa ēē ā]• • • [ āā  ēē ā]
• • • • u ēē ēē ā]
[ u • • • • [aa  aa ēē ā] • • • • u āā āā  āā]
[u • • • •
yufugrd.
[aa āā ] • •
1 -39 tx clof ZUog aoVNfPg,H ,xgZdVefwH od[Vdwfog tekyUrfr

[] [ōō] [ āā] • [ēē aa āā aa]
• • • [ āā  aa aa]
• • • • [ ii ā] • • [ aa ] • •
qlofaV,f,H qHuqfqH uEfEukPfPH a,e y,gUywdwfIgeH awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog

[ōō  aa]
• • [aa aa aa] • • [aa  u
u aa] • • • [ēē ] • [ āā  ii āā aa]
• • • • • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • •
y,gUywdwfIgae UHUH eWd H tkwfwVdwfog a,e YgVgEqD wWoqVd. tx clof

[ āā  ii āā ēē]
• • • • • [aa aa] • [ ii] • u  ii ā]
[u • • • [ēē ] • [āā āā  ] • • • [] [] [ōō]
ZUog YgVgEqd,H ,xgZdVefwH od[Vdwfog a,e aoqgvD awe pgVduH yufugrd.

[ āā] • [āā āā  aa]
• • • [ āā  aa aa]
• • • • [ ii ā] • • [ēē ] • [ēē āā ] • • [ēē ] • [āā  aa] • • [aa āā ] • •
tekykYfaYe pgVduH pVrgelof a,e aoqgvD wWoqVd. wwfV qkWH ZUog

u ēē ]
[ u • • • [āā  aa]
• • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] • [ēē āā ] • • [] [aa ] • [ aa] • [ āā] •
aoqgvd,H od[Vwd r[goae ulwgUgVqgvg,efwd.

[ēē āā  aa]
• • • [] [ āā  ēē] • • • ū āā āā  āā āā aa ]
[ū • • • • • • •
1 -40 aoVNfPZgEogVlof edwfIdwlof.

[ēē aa  āā  āā ōō]
• • • • • • [ii  ōō] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
16
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
u [k]
( 1 -1.1
1.1))
ygVgPduuEfP ( 1 -1.1
1.1)) c [kʰ]
# #
[āā • āā •  • aa • ]
U [g]
C [gʰ]
( 1 -1.1.1
1.1.1))
yIrygVgPduqdufcgyW ( 1 -1.1.1
1.1.1))
i [ṅ]
# #
[ • āā • āā •  • ii • āā • ] p [c]
Q [cʰ]
P [j]
( 1 -1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1))
qkWdefeZgEogV ( 1 -1.1.1.1
1.1.1.1))
™ [jʰ]
# #
[ • ii •  • āā •  • āā • ] N [ñ]
T [ṭ]
1 -41 awe clof ye qra,e aoqgvd,g todWlaV uvefWUgrlof egr I [ṭʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ēē āā  āā]
• • • ū ēē]
[ ū • • [ aa  āā ōō]
• • • • [āā ] •
J [ḍ]
twfxd. wwfx qkWdefelof egr uvefWykwfwlof aqwfIdykwfwlof [lofwd. tx clof
[aa ]
• [aa ] • [ ii ōō]
• • [āā ] • [ aa  u
•u ōō] • • • u ōō]
[  u • • • [ōō ] • [] [ōō] $ [ḍʰ]
qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof qrfY[kav[d q[g,au[d qWfXd H aoqgvd H tUrgqd E [ṇ]
[ ii ōō]
• • [ aa  u
• u ōō] • • • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [ āā  ēē ]
• • • • [aa ii] • [ēē āā ii]
• • [ āā ] • •
w [t]
auepdaWo uVEDa,e.. awe clof ye
uVEDa,e qra,e ZUog r[wd,g yVdqg,
x [tʰ]
[ēē  ēē ]
• • • [  ēē ] • • • [ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ āā] • [ āā] • [ āā ] • •
W [d]
yVdokwlof XrfrH aWaqefwlof edqdefelof [lofwd. tWfWq clof qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof
[ ōō] • [aa aa] • [ēē  ōō] • • [ ii ōō]
• • [ōō ] • [aa ] • [ōō] [ ii ōō]
• • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • X [dʰ]
ZUoefwH r[wd,g yVdqg, yVdokwH XrfrH aWaqefwH edqdefeH. Wdqfogeqfq e [n]
[ aa aa] • • [ āā] • [ āā ] • • [ aa] • [aa aa] • [ēē  aa] • • [ ii aa]
• • [ii ā aa ]
• • •
y [p]
atwW[lofqd> ,efeleg[rfyd XrfrH e””wd. tx clof qkWdefelof
qkaE,f,e z [pʰ]
[ēē  ōō ]
• • • [aa ū
ū āā aa ]
• • • • [aa aa] • [  aa ]• • • [] [ōō] [ ii ōō]
• •
Y [b]
uvefWykwfwlof a,e qg yVdqg awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog aturefwH edqDWd.
[ aa  u
• u ōō] • • • [ēē ] • [āā] [ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [  ]
• • Z [bʰ]
aturefwH edqdefeqfq clof qkWdefeqfq uvefWykwfwqfq atwW[lofqd> ,xg ,xg r [m]
[ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ōō] [ ii aa ]
• • • [ aa  u
u aa ]
• • • • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ āā] • [ āā] •
, [y]
clof t[H ZUowg XrfrH aWqdwH tgPgegrd, e,dWH qkuVH tUgVH tPf™goqwg
V [r]
[ōō] [ aa]• [ āā] • [aa aa] • [ēē  aa]
• • [āā āā āā ]
• • • [ aa] • [ aa] • [ āā aa]• • [aa āā  āā]
• • •
v [l]
atuefwyVdykEfEH atuefwyVdqkWfXH qHcvdcdwH YfV[frpVd,H pVdwkH; ,efeleg[H
[ēē aa  u
• u aa]
• • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [aa  aa]
• • [ aa] • u]
[ u • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • •
o [v]
auqrqfqkH tlof[gaVwfog ugqg,ged owfxged tpfQgaWwfog tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H q [s]

[ēē  aa u
• u] • • [ōō āā ēē ā]
• • • [āā āā āā ]
• • • [aa āā ]• • [aa āā ēē ā]
• • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • •
[ [h]
e””wd. tx clof qg yVdqg ZUowg
yYfYaP,f,e Xrfrd,g uxg, qefWqfqdwg
[aa   aa ]
• • • • [] [ōō] [āā] [ āā] • [ āā] • [aa  āā] • • [ āā ] • • [aa aa  āā]
• • •
` [ḷ]
qrgWydwg qrkwfawPdwg qrfy[Hqdwg tkwfIg,gqeg ZUoefwH tZdogaWwfog tH [ŋ̊]

[ āā  āā]
• • • u ēē  āā]
[ u • • • • [aa  aa  āā]
• • • • u āā āā  āā]
[u • • • • [ aa aa] • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
17
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
yWufcdEH uwfog yufugrd.

[ aa  aa]
• • • [aa ā] • [aa āā ] • •
1 -42 tx clof qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof tpdVokwfIdwg, yVdqg, a,e

[] [ōō] [ ii ōō] • • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • u  āā ]
[ u • • • • [ āā ] • • [ēē ] •
ZUog awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog ZUoefwH tZdogaWwfog aturefwH edqDWd.

[ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [  ] • •
aturefwH edqdefelof clof qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof ZUoefwH atwWolofp> ,xg

[ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ ii ōō]
• • [ōō] [ ii ōō] • • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • [ aa aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ āā] •
,xg[H, w,, ZUowg

Zefaw XrfrH aWqdwH tgPgegrd, e,dWH qkuVH tUgVH
[ āā aa]
• • [aa ēē] • [ āā] • [aa aa] • [ēē  aa] • • [āā āā āā ]
• • • [ aa] • [ aa] • [ āā aa]
• •
tPf™goqwg atuefwyVdykEfEH atuefwyVdqkWfXH qHcvdcdwH YfV[frpVd,H pVdwkH;

[aa āā  āā]
• • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [aa  aa]
• • [ aa] • u]
[ u •
tdpfQgr[H, w,, auqrqfqkH

Zefaw tlof[gaVwfog ugqg,ged owfxged tpfQgaWwfog
[ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa u
• u] • • [ōō āā ēē ā]
• • • [āā āā āā ]• • • [aa āā ] • • [aa āā ēē ā]
• • •
tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPdwkH. yYfYgaPwk rH ZUog”wd. tekNfNgwlofqd ye wfoH,

[ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]• • • [aa  u
u] • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [aa] [ āā ] • • u āā ōō ]
[ u • • • • [] [a]
qkWdefe, rgwgydwl[d g,g””wd? e

tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg,g clof t[H, Zefaw
w,,
[ ii ]
• • [āā āā  ū
ū ] • • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]• • • [aa aa āā āā ] • • • • [] [ōō] [ aa] • [aa ēē] •
tekNfNgwlof rgwgydwl[d g,g””wd. e

tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg,g clof, qkWdefe,
u āā ōō]
[ u
• • • [āā āā  ū
ū ] • • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [] [ōō] [ ii ]
• •
wxgUwg teekNfNgwH rgwgydwl[d ykwfwH yYfYgaPefwDD””wd. qlof[H, Zefaw

w,, wxg
[ āā  āā]
• • • u āā aa]
[ u • • • [āā āā  ū
ū ] • • • • u aa]
[u • [aa āā   ] • • • • [ōō aa] • [aa ēē] • [ āā] •
uVdqfqgrd ,xg rH g,g””wd.

rgwgydwVlof tekPgedqfqefwd tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg,g
[ ii āā ]
• • • [ āā] • [aa] [āā āā  ōō] • • • [ āā ii aa ] • • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • •
1 -43 tx clof qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof aoqgvd,H wH uVED,H wDaVwfog

[] [ōō] [ ii ōō] • • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [aa] [  aa] • • [ ēē ā]
• •
a,e uvefWUgrlof a,e rgwgydwVlof awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog rgwgydwVlof

[ēē ] • [ aa  āā ōō]
• • • • [ēē ] • [āā āā  ōō] • • • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [āā āā  ōō] • • •
wgwg,, ,xg ,xg[H

atwWolofp> trfrwgwg ZUowg XrfrH aWqdwH tgPgegrd, e,dWH
[ēē  ōō ]
• • • [aa  āā āā] • • • [ āā] • [ āā aa] • • [ āā] • [aa aa] • [ēē  aa] • • [āā āā āā ]
• • • [ aa] •
qkuVH tUgVH tPf™goqwg atuefwyVdykEfEH atuefwyVdqkWfXH qHcvdcdwH

[ aa] • [ āā aa]
• • [aa āā  āā]
• • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [aa  aa] • •
YfV[frpVd,H pVdwkH; tdpfQgr[H auqrqfqkH tlof[gaVwfog ugqg,ged owfxged

[ aa] • u]
[ u • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [ēē  aa u
• u] • • [ōō āā ēē ā]
• • • [āā āā āā ]• • • [aa āā ] • •
tpfQgaWwfog tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPdwkH. tekPgegx rH tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H

[aa āā ēē ā]
• • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa  u
u] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [aa] [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • •
g,g””wd. atoH okwfaw

yYfYPfPg,g w,, qkWdefeqfq uvefWykwfwqfq rgwgydwVlof qkWdefeH
[aa aa āā āā ]• • • • [ēē aa]
• u ēē]
[u • [ ii aa ] • • • [ aa  u
u aa ]
• • • • • [āā āā  ōō] • • • [ ii aa] • •
uvefWykwfwH atwWolofpkH> wfoH clofqd, wgw qkWdefe, trf[guH atuykwfwulof yd,lof

[ aa  u
• u aa] • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [a] [ōō ] • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [aa ā aa]
• • [ēē  u
u  ōō]
• • • • [ ōō] •
regylof qkacXdwlof qkcyVd[wlof. e wfoH, wgw qkWdefe, udNfpd Wkufcqfq Pgegqd.

[ āā ōō] • • [ ēē  ōō] • • • [ ōō] • [] [a] [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ii ] • u aa ]
[u • • [āā āā ]• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
18
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
rVaEeyd r,H aw tugrug odeg gr,,

Zodqfqgr ud H ye r,H wH PDoefwH
[ ēē ] • • [ aa]
• [ēē] [ āā  āā]
• • • [ āā] • [ ii āā ]
• • • [ii] [] [ aa] • [aa] [ aa aa]
• • u [k]
g,g””wd.
tekPgedqfqgr tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg,g c [kʰ]
[ āā ii āā ]
• • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • •
U [g]
1 -44 Wkwd,rfyd clof qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof rgwgydwVlof atwWolofp>
C [gʰ]
[ aa ] • • [ōō] [ ii ōō] • • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
i [ṅ]
wgwg,, ,xg ,xg[H
trfrwgwg ZUowg XrfrH aWqdwH tgPgegrd, e,dWH qkuVH
[aa  āā āā]
• • • [ āā] • [ āā aa]
• • [ āā] • [aa aa] • [ēē  aa]• • [āā āā āā ]
• • • [ aa] • [ aa] • p [c]
tUgVH tPf™goqwg atuefwyVdykEfEH atuefwyVdqkWfXH qHcvdcdwH YfV[frpVd,H Q [cʰ]
[ āā aa]
• • [aa āā  āā]
• • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa]• • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [aa  aa]• • [ aa] •
P [j]
pVdwkH; tdpfQgr[H auqrqfqkH tlof[gaVwfog ugqg,ged owfxged tpfQgaWwfog
u]
[ u • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [ēē  aa u
u]
• • • [ōō āā ēē ā]
• • • [āā āā āā ] • • • [aa āā ] • • [aa āā ēē ā]
• • •
™ [jʰ]
tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPdwkH. tekPgegx rH tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H N [ñ]

[ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa  u
u]
• • [ āā āā ] • • • [aa] [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • •
T [ṭ]
g,g””wd. Wkwd,rfyd
yYfYPfPg,g clof qkWdefeqfq uvefWykwfwqfq rgwgydwVlof qkWdefeH I [ṭʰ]
[aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [ aa ] • • [ōō] [ ii aa ]
• • • [ aa  u
u aa ]
• • • • • [āā āā  ōō] • • • [ ii aa]
• •
J [ḍ]
[ aa  u
• u aa] • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [a] [ōō ] • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [aa ā aa]
• • [ēē  u
• u  ōō]
• • • [ ōō]•
$ [ḍʰ]
regylof qkacXdwlof qkcyVd[wlof. e wfoH, wgw qkWdefe, udNfpd Wkufcqfq Pgegqd. E [ṇ]
[ āā ōō]
• • [ ēē  ōō]
• • • [ ōō] • [] [a] [āā ] • [ ii ]• • [ii ] • u aa ]
[u • • [āā āā ]
• •
w [t]
Zodqfqgr ud H ye r,H wH PDoefwH x [tʰ]
[ ēē ] • • [ aa]
• [ēē] [ āā  āā]
• • • [ āā] • [ ii āā ]
• • • [ii] [] [ aa] • [aa] [ aa aa]
• •
W [d]
g,g””wd.
tekPgedqfqgr tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg,g
X [dʰ]
[ āā ii āā ]
• • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • •
wwd,rfyd clof qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof rgwgydwVlof atwWolofp> e [n]

1 -45
[ aa ]
• • [ōō] [ ii ōō] • • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
y [p]
wgwg,, ,xg ,xg[H

trfrwgwg ZUowg XrfrH aWqdwH tgPgegrd, e,dWH qkuVH z [pʰ]
[aa  āā āā]
• • • [ āā] • [ āā aa]
• • [ āā] • [aa aa] • [ēē  aa]• • [āā āā āā ]
• • • [ aa] • [ aa] •
Y [b]
tUgVH tPf™goqwg atuefwyVdykEfEH atuefwyVdqkWfXH qHcvdcdwH YfV[frpVd,H
[ āā aa]
• • [aa āā  āā]
• • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa]• • • [ēē aa  u
• u aa] • • • [aa  aa]• • [ aa] •
Z [bʰ]
pVdwkH; tdpfQgr[H auqrqfqkH tlof[gaVwfog ugqg,ged owfxged tpfQgaWwfog r [m]
u]
[ u • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [ēē  aa u
u]
• • • [ōō āā ēē ā]
• • • [āā āā āā ] • • • [aa āā ] • • [aa āā ēē ā]
• • •
, [y]
tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPdwkH. tekPgegx rH tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H V [r]
[ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa  u
u]
• • [ āā āā ] • • • [aa] [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • •
v [l]
g,g””wd. wwd,rfyd
yYfYPfPg,g clof qkWdefeqfq uvefWykwfwqfq rgwgydwVlof qkWdefeH
[aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [ aa ] • • [ōō] [ ii aa ]
• • • [ aa  u
u aa ]
• • • • • [āā āā  ōō] • • • [ ii aa]
• •
o [v]
uvefWykwfwH atwWolofpkH> wfoH clofqd, wgw qkWdefe, trf[guH atuykwfwulof yd,lof q [s]
[ aa  u
• u aa] • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [a] [ōō ] • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [aa ā aa]
• • [ēē  u
• u  ōō]
• • • [ ōō]•
[ [h]
regylof qkacXdwlof qkcyVd[wlof. e wfoH, wgw qkWdefe, udNfpd Wkufcqfq Pgegqd. ` [ḷ]
[ āā ōō]
• • [ ēē  ōō]
• • • [ ōō] • [] [a] [āā ] • [ ii ]• • [ii ] • u aa ]
[u • • [āā āā ]
• •
tH [ŋ̊]
[ ēē ] • • [ aa]
• [ēē] [ āā  āā]
• • • [ āā] • [ ii āā ]
• • • [ii] [] [ aa] • [aa] [ aa aa]
• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
19
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
g,g””wd.
tekPgedqfqgr tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg,g
[ āā ii āā ]
• • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • •
1 -46 tx clof qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof> e rH rgwgydwVlof tekPgeefwd

[] [ōō] [ ii ōō] • • [ aa  u
• u ōō] • • • [] [aa] [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ āā aa ]
• • •
g,g””wd, wwfaxo teefwV[dwg, Zlrd,g

tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg,g edyPfPd>
[ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ] • • • • [aa ēē ]• • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • ū  āā]
[ū • • [ aa ]• •
tdaXo ar rVEH Zodqfqwd yYfYPfPg og”wd. tx clof qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof

[ ēē ]
• • [ēē] [ aa] • [ ii ]
• • [aa aa āā] • • [āā ] • [] [ōō] [ ii ōō]
• • [ aa  u
u ōō]• • • •
aturfyd ZwfwH e ZkNfPd, Wfaoyd Zwfwged e ZkNfPd, wDEdyd Zwfwged e ZkNfPd,

[ēē aa ]
• • [aa aa] • [] u ]
[u • [ē ] • [aa āā ] • • [] u ]
[u • [ ]• [aa āā ] • • [] u ]
[u •
pwfwgVdyd Zwfwged e ZkNfPd, yNfpyd Zwfwged e ZkNfPd, Qyd Zwfwged e

[aa āā ]
• • [aa āā ] • • [] u ]
[u • [aa ] • [aa āā ] • • [] u ]
[u • [] [aa āā ] • • []
ZkNfPd, qwfwyd Zwfwged e ZkNfPd.

u ]
[u • [aa ] • [aa āā ] • • [] u ]
[u •
1 -47 tx clof qkWdefeqfq uvefWykwfwqfq rgwgydwVlof qkWdefeH

[] [ōō] [ ii aa ]
• • • [ aa  u
u aa ]
• • • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa] • •

[ aa  u
• u aa] • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [a] [ōō ] • [āā ] • [ ii ]• • [aa ā aa]
• • [ēē  u
u  ōō]
• • • • [ ōō]
•
regylof qkacXdwlof qkcyVd[wlof. e wfoH, wgw qkWdefe, udNfpd Wkufcqfq Pgegqd.

[ āā ōō] • • [ ēē  ōō] • • • [ ōō] • [] [a] [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ii ] • u aa ]
[u • • [āā āā ]
• •

[ ēē ] • • [ aa] • [ēē] [ āā  āā]
• • • [ āā] • [ ii āā ] • • • [ii] [] [ aa] • [aa] [ aa aa]
• •
g,?? tkwfaI[d, wgw qkWdefe, ZkNfP p

tekPgedqfqgr tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg,
[ āā ii āā ]
• • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā ]
• • • u ēē ]
[u • • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • u ]
[u • []
ydo p yVdpgaV[d p, ZkNfPefwlof ydoefwlof yVdpgaVefwlof ugar yVdZkNfPefwlof

[] [] [ āā ēē ] • • • [] u aa ōō]
[u • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ āā  ōō] • • • [āā ēē] • u aa ōō]
[ u • • •
ykNfNged uVlefwlof tZdVrqfqk. e wH r,H tekPgegr tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H

u āā ]
[u • • [  ōō] • • [ aa ] • • [] [aa] [ aa] • [ āā āā ] • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • •

yYfYPfPg,g w,, qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof wkEf[D t[lofqd.
[aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [ēē aa]
• u ēē]
[u • [ ii ōō]
• • [ aa  u
• u ōō] • • • u ]
[u • [ ōō ] • •
1 -48 Wkwd,rfyd clof ...ay

ay.... wwd,rfyd clof qkWdefeqfq uvefWykwfwqfq
[ aa ] • • [ōō] [ēē] [ aa ] • • [ōō] [ ii aa ]
• • • [ aa  u
•u aa ] • • • •
rgwgydwVlof qkWdefeH uvefWykwfwH atwWolofpkH> wfoH clofqd, wgw qkWdefe, trf[guH

[āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [ aa  u
•u aa] • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [a] [ōō ] • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [aa ā aa]
• •
atuykwfwulof yd,lof regylof qkacXdwlof qkcyVd[wlof. e wfoH, wgw qkWdefe, udNfpd

[ēē  u
• u  ōō] • • • [ ōō] • [ āā ōō] • • [ ēē  ōō] • • • [ ōō] • [] [a] [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ii ] •
Wkufcqfq Pgegqd. rVaEeyd r,H aw tugrug odeg gr,,

Zodqfqgr ud H ye r,H
u aa ]
[u • • [āā āā ]• • [ ēē ] • • [ aa] • [ēē] [ āā  āā]
• • • [ āā] • [ ii āā ]
• • • [ii] [] [ aa] •
wH PDoefwH g,..
tekPgedqfqgr tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg, tkwfaI[d, wgw qkWdefe,
[aa] [ aa aa] • • [ āā ii āā ] • • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā ] • • • u ēē ]
[u • • [āā ] • [ ii ]
• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
20
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ZkNfP p ydo p yVdpgaV[d p, ZkNfPefwlof ydoefwlof yVdpgaVefwlof ugar

u ]
[u • [] [] [] [ āā ēē ]• • • [] u aa ōō]
[u • • [ aa ōō]• • [ āā  ōō] • • • [āā ēē]
• u [k]
yVdZkNfPefwlof ykNfNged uVlefwlof tZdVrqfqk. e wH r,H tekPgegr c [kʰ]
u aa ōō]
[ u • • • u āā ]
[u • • [  ōō] • • [ aa ] • • [] [aa] [ aa] • [ āā āā ] • • •
U [g]
g,g””wd. wwd,rfyd
tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg,g clof qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof wkEf[D
C [gʰ]
[ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [ aa ] • • [ōō] [ ii ōō] • • [ aa  u
u ōō]• • • • u ]
[u •
i [ṅ]
t[lofqd.
[ ōō ]
• • p [c]
1 -49 tx clof qkWdefeqfq uvefWykwfwqfq q[g,ug a,e qkWdefelof Q [cʰ]
[] [ōō] [ ii aa ]• • • [ aa  u
u aa ]
• • • • • [ āā  āā] • • • [ēē ] • [ ii ōō]
• •
P [j]
H ;
uvefWykwfwlof awekyqHurdqk tkyqHurdwfog qkWdefeH uvefWykwfwH atwWolofpkH>
™ [jʰ]
[ aa  u
• u ōō] • • • [ēē  aa  ii ]
• • • • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [ ii aa]
• • [ aa  u
u aa]
• • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • •
N [ñ]
wfoH clofqd, qrfr qkWdefe, rgwgydwleH atuykwfwulof yd,lof regylof qkacXdwlof
[a] [ōō ] • [aa ] • [ ii ]• • [āā āā  ū
ū aa] • • • • [ēē  u
u  ōō]
• • • • [ ōō] • [ āā ōō] • • [ ēē  ōō]
• • • T [ṭ]
qkcyVd[wlof. e wfoH, qrfr qkWdefe, udNfpd Wkufcqfq Pgegqd. rVaEeyd aw I [ṭʰ]
[ ōō] • [] [a] [aa ] • [ ii ] • • [ii ] • u aa ]
[u • • [āā āā ]• • [ ēē ] • • [ēē]
J [ḍ]
rgwgydwVlof tugrug odeg Zodqfqefwd, ud H ye wH PDoefwH tekPgedqfqefwd
$ [ḍʰ]
[āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ āā  āā]
• • • [ āā] • [ ii aa ] • • • [ii] [] [aa] [ aa aa] • • [ āā ii aa ] • • • •
E [ṇ]
Pg,..
tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPg, tkwfaI[d, qrfr qkWdefe, ZkNfP p ydo p
[ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa  āā ] • • • u ēē ]
[u • • [aa ] • [ ii ] • • u ]
[u • [] [] [] w [t]
yVdpgaV[d p, ZkNfPefwlof ydoefwlof yVdpgaVefwlof ugar yVdZkNfPefwlof ykNfNged x [tʰ]
[ āā ēē ] • • • [] u aa ōō]
[u • • [ aa ōō]• • [ āā  ōō] • • • [āā ēē] • u aa ōō]
[ u • • • u āā ]
[u • •
W [d]
uVlefwlof tZdVrqfqk, e wH rgwgydwVlof tekPgedqfqefwd tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H
X [dʰ]
[  ōō]
• • [ aa ] • • [] [aa] [āā āā  ōō] • • • [ āā ii aa ] • • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]
• • •
e [n]
yYfYPfPg,g w,, qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof wkEf[D t[lofqd. Wkwd,rfyd clof
[aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [ēē aa] • u ēē]
[u • [ ii ōō] • • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • u ]
[u • [ ōō ]
• • [ aa ] • • [ōō] y [p]
...ay
ay.... wwd,rfyd clof qkWdefeqfq uvefWykwfwqfq q[g,ug qkWdefeH uvefWykwfwH z [pʰ]
[ēē] [ aa ] • • [ōō] [ ii aa ]
• • • [ aa  u
u aa ]
• • • • • [ āā  āā]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [ aa  u
• u aa] • • •
Y [b]
atwWolofpkH> wfoH clofqd, qrfr qkWdefe ...ay
ay.... wwd,rfyd clof qkWdefelof Z [bʰ]
[ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [a] [ōō ] • [aa ] • [ ii ]• • [ēē] [ aa ] • • [ōō] [ ii ōō] • •
r [m]
uvefWykwfwlof wkEf[D t[lofqd.
[ aa  u
• u ōō] • • • u ]
[u • [ ōō ]
• • , [y]
1 -50 tx clof qkWdefeqfq uvefWykwfwqfq q[g,ug a,e qkWdefeqfq V [r]
[] [ōō] [ ii aa ]• • • [ aa  u
u aa ]
• • • • • [ āā  āā] • • • [ēē ] • [ ii aa ]
• • •
v [l]
H ;
uvefWykwfwqfq rgwgydwVlof awekyqHurdqk tkyqHurdwfog qkWdefeqfq o [v]
[ aa  u
• u aa ] • • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ēē  aa  ii ]
• • • • • [ aa  ii ā]• • • • [ ii aa ]
• • •
q [s]
wgwg,, atqlof qkWdefelof
uvefWykwfwqfq rgwgydwVlof atwWolofpkH> trfrwgwg
[ aa  u
• u aa ] • • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [aa  āā āā] • • • [ēē ōō]• [ ii ōō] • • [ [h]
teefwV[dwg, Zlrd,g edyefelof> ‘tdaXo ar rVEH Zodqfqwd yYfYPfPg og’wd. ` [ḷ]

[ aa  āā ]
• • • • ū  āā]
[ū • • [ aa ōō] • • [ ēē ]
• • [ēē] [ aa] • [ ii ] • • [aa aa āā] • • [āā ] •
tH [ŋ̊]
qap wkrfa[ qkWdefeH egekPgedqfqx g,,,
tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg, wwfaxo
[ ēē]
• u ē]
[u • [ ii aa]
• • [āā  āā ii ]
• • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā ] • • • [aa ēē ]
• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
21
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
rVEH tgUrdqfqwd. qap ye wkrfa[ qkWdefeH tekPgedqfqx tUgVqfrg

[ aa] • [āā  ii ]
• • • [ ēē] • [] u ē]
[u • [ ii aa] • • [ āā ii ] • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • •
g,,,
teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg, yYfYPdwrfyd eH x.. qap qkWdefelof egZdVrdqfqwd
Wufcdqfqx
[ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā ] • • • [aa  aa ]
• • • [aa] [aa ii ] • • [ ēē] • [ ii ōō] • • [āā  ii ]
• • •
g,,,
tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg, ug wqfq tNfNg Uwd Zodqfqwd, tdaXo
[ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa āā ]
• • • [āā] [aa ] • [aa āā] • [] [ ii ] • • [ ēē ]
• •
ypfpgUrdqfqwd. tekPgegx qkWdefeH g,g””wd. tekPgegr

tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg,g gegr,,
[aa āā  ii ]
• • • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ ii aa]
• • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ] • • • • [ āā āā ] • • •
wgwg, qkWdefeH g,g””wd. tx clof qkWdefeqfq

tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg,g
[āā āā]
• [ ii aa]
• • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ] • • • • [] [ōō] [ ii aa ] • • •
uvefWykwfwqfq q[g,ug H ;
a,e qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof awekyqHurdqk
[ aa  u
• u aa ] • • • • [ āā  āā] • • • [ēē ] • [ ii ōō]
• • [ aa  u
u ōō]• • • • [ēē  aa  ii ]
• • • • •
tkyqHurdwfog qkWdefeH uvefWykwfwH atwWolofpkH> tkwfaI[d, qrfr qkWdefe,

[ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ ii aa] • • [ aa  u
u aa]
• • • • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • u ēē ]
[u • • [aa ] • [ ii ] • •
tekNfNgwlofqd rgwgydwl[d g,g””wd.

tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg,g
u āā ōō ]
[ u
• • • • [āā āā  ū
ū ] • • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • •
1 -51 tx clof qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof> tekNfNgwlrf[d udV rgwgydwl[d

[] [ōō] [ ii ōō]
• • [ aa  u
u ōō]
• • • • u āā ōō ]
[ u • • • • [] [āā āā  ū
ū ] • • • •
g,g””wd, [wfIlof tkWUfUlof ygEdeg

tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg,g Uwfwged
[ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa āā āā ]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ aa ōō]• • [āā  āā] • • [aa āā ] • •
yVdykNfQefwlof okwfIgqd. tx clof qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof uwdyg[H YvH Uga[wfog

u aa ōō]
[ u • • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [ōō] [ ii ōō]
• • [ aa  u
u ōō]• • • • [ āā aa] • • [ aa] • [āā ēē ā] • •
a,e ZUog awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog ZUoefwH tZdogaWwfog aturefwH edqDWd.

[ēē ]
• [ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [  ] • •
aturefwH edqdefelof clof qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof ZUoefwH atwWolofp> tekNfNgwlof

[ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ ii ōō]
• • [ōō] [ ii ōō]
• • [ aa  u
•u ōō] • • • [ aa aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • u āā ōō]
[ u • • •
t[H, Zefaw
w,, rgwgydwl[d g,..
tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPfPg, yYfYgaPwk rH ZUog”wd.
[ aa]
• [aa ēē] • [āā āā  ū
ū ] • • • • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa aa āā ] • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [aa] [ āā ] • •
tvwfx clof qkWdefelof uvefWykwfwlof ZUowlof qefwdau yYfYPfPH, tvwfx

[ aa ]
• • [ōō] [ ii ōō]
• • [ aa  u
•u ōō] • • • [ ōō] • [aa  ēē] • • [aa aa aa] • • [ aa ]
• •
tkyqrfyWH. tpdVlyqrfyefelof p yeg,qfrg qkWdefelof atoVlay XkwUkaE qrgWg,

[ aa  aa]• • • ū  aa aa ōō]
[ ū • • • • • [] [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ ii ōō] • • [ēē  ū
ū ēē]
• • • [ ēē] • [ āā āā ] • • •
owfwwd, tgVNfNdulof [lofwd ydEfPygwdulof yHqkulvdulof qyWgepgVdulof, tNfNwVH

[aa ] • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ōō ] • [ii  āā  ōō] • • • • [aa  ū
ū  ōō] • • • • [ āā  āā  ōō] • • • • • [aa  aa] • •
oPfPdUgrH tkyedqfqg, od[Vwd.

[aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ii āā ] • • • []
1 -52 awe clof ye qra,e oPfPD WkYfZdufcg [lofwd WfoD[dwdug

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • u ii āā]
[u • • [ōō ] • [  āā] • •
aqwwfIdug qvgugokwfwgg,, e qkuVg tkNfaQe yUfUa[e ,gaywkH. tx clof

[ēē aa  āā]
• • • [ āā āā u
u āā]
• • • • [] [ āā] • u ēē ]
[u • • [aa  ēē ] • • • [āā ēē u
u] • • [] [ōō]
tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq atwW[lofqd> atwV[d clof oPfPD WkYfZdufcg WfoD[dwdug

[āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ēē ]
• [ōō] [aa ] • u ii āā]
[u • • [  āā] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
22
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
aqwwfIdug qvgugokwfwgg,, e qkuVg tkNfaQe yUfUa[e ,gaywkH. Y[l clof ye

[ēē aa  āā]
• • • [ āā āā u
u āā]• • • • [] [ āā] • u ēē ]
[u • • [aa  ēē ] • • • [āā ēē u
u] • • ū]
[ ū • [ōō] [] u [k]
ar aoqgvd,H NgwD tPf$g r[WfXeg r[gZlofUg y[lwPgwVlyVPwg c [kʰ]
[ēē] [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [āā ] • [aa āā]
• [ aa  āā] • • • [ āā ōō āā] • • • ū  āā  ū
[ ū • ū  āā] • • • • • •
U [g]
y[lwodwfwlyuVEg y[lwXeXNfNgg.. ,efeleg[H NgwD tkyedqfqg, od[aV,f,H.
ū  ii ū
[ ū • ū  āā] • • • • • ū  aa āā]
[ ū • • • • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [āā ] • [ ii āā ] • • • [  aa] • •
C [gʰ]
NgwD rH edqfqg, Wgeged Wqfqefwd ykNfNged uVdqfqefwd, Zdufcl p vgZH i [ṅ]
[āā ] • [aa] [ii āā ] • • [āā āā ]

• • [aa aa ] • • u āā ]
[u • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ii ū
ū] • [] [āā aa]
•
p [c]
vpfQefwd, t[Nfp ydEfPaue e grD””wd.
udvrdqfqgrD Q [cʰ]
[aa aa ]• • [ aa ] • • [ii  ēē ]
• • • [] [ ii āā  ]• • • •
P [j]
1 -53 tx clof tg,qfrg qkWdefelof aqegqeH qHqgarwfog
[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō]• • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [aa āā ēē ā] • • •
™ [jʰ]
ywfwpDoVrgWg, a,e aoqgvD awe yufugrd. tekykYfaYe a,e aoqgvD N [ñ]

[aa    āā āā ]
• • • • • • [ēē ] • [ēē āā ] • • [ēē ] • [aa āā ] • • u ēē ]
[ u • • • [ēē ] • [ēē āā ] • •
T [ṭ]
wWoqVd. wwfV qkWH tg,qfrg qkWdefelof aoqgvd,H od[Vwd r[goae I [ṭʰ]
[] [aa ] • [ aa] • [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō]
• • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [] [ āā  ēē] • • •
J [ḍ]
ulwgUgVqgvg,H. tqfqlofqkH clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq Ngwug> qkWdefelof udV
ū āā āā  āā āā aa]
[ū • • • • • • [aa ōō u
u]• • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā  āā] • • [ ii ōō] • • []
$ [ḍʰ]
uvefWykwfwlof aoqgvd H tekyfywfwlof”wd. aw tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq qwfIdrwfaw E [ṇ]

[ aa  u
• u ōō] • • • [ēē āā ii] • • u aa ōō ]
[ u • • • • [ēē] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [aa  aa ēē] • • •
w [t]
xgvdygau ZwfwgZd[gVH H . tx clof tg,qfrg qkWdefelof aw qwfIdrwfaw
tZd[Vdqk x [tʰ]
[āā  āā ēē]
• • • [aa āā  āā aa] • • • • [ ii ] • • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō] • • [ēē] [aa  aa ēē] • • •
W [d]
xgvdygau ZdufcleH odqfqPfaPwfog ykYfYEf[qr,H edogaqwfog ywfwpDoVrgWg,
[āā  āā ēē]
• • • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii aa ēē ā]
• • • u aa  aa]
[u • • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [aa    āā āā ]
• • • • • •
X [dʰ]
uvefWUgrH ydEfPg, ygodqd. uvefWUgar qyWgeH ydEfPg, pVrgelof a,e e [n]
[ aa  āā aa]

• • • • [ii āā ] • • [āā ] • [ aa  āā ēē]• • • • [ āā aa] • • [ii āā ] • • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ] •
y [p]
quydwk edaoqeH awekyqHurd. z [pʰ]

[] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [ēē  aa ]
• • •
Y [b]
1 -54 awe clof ye qra,e tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq NgwdWgqD
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [āā  āā ] • • •
Z [bʰ]
tgZdWlofqduH ukrfrgqH QPfaPwkugrg [lofwd. tx clof tg,qfrg qkWdefelof wH r [m]
[āā  ōō  aa]

• • • • u āā aa]
[u • • [aa ēē  āā āā] • • • • [ōō ] • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō] • • [aa] , [y]
NgwdWgqd H atwWolofp> qap wH, ZUded, QPfPeD,XrfrH, tdX ar ywfaw V [r]
[āā  āā ii]
• • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ ēē] • [aa] [] [aa    aa aa]
• • • • • [] [ēē] [aa ēē] •
v [l]
tgudVg”wd. tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq NgwdWgqD wH tgZdWlofqduH ukrfrgqH
[āā  āā ]
• • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [āā  āā ] • • • [aa] [āā  ōō  aa]
• • • • u āā aa]
[u • •
o [v]
tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq ywfaw tgudVefwD [wfxgeNfp ygWgeNfp qVqfq p q [s]

[āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [aa ēē] • [āā  aa ]
• • • [aa āā aa ] • • • [āā āā aa ] • • • [ aa ] • • []
[ [h]
edrdwfwH tUfUa[qd. tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq NgwdWgqD a,eg,qfrwlof ` [ḷ]
[ ii aa]
• • [aa  ēē ] • • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā  āā ] • • • [ēē āā aa  ōō]
• • • •
tH [ŋ̊]
qkWdefeqfq rgwg awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq rgwVH
[ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [āā  aa] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
23
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
,,, Pgae,f,gqd, t,f,ykwfwlof qkWdefelof tekyfywfwlof”wd. qap

atwWolofp> ,UfaC,fa, qap,,
[ēē  ōō ]
• • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā  āā ]• • • [aa  u
u ōō]• • • [ ii ōō] • • u aa ōō ]
[ u • • • • [ ēē] •
aP,, wfoH qpfpH ZEqd, tWgqd H wH uVlofrDD””wd.

aP
[ēē] [a] [aa aa] • [] [ āā ii]• • [aa] [ ōō  ] • • •
1 -55 awe clof ye qra,e tg,qfrg qkWdefelof wH tgZdWlofqduH

[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō] • • [aa] [āā  ōō  aa]
• • • •
ukrfrgqH tNfNwVH ukwfwrlvH edqfqg, yVdZkNfPwd. ydwgyd clof tg,qfrwlof

u āā aa]
[u • • [aa  aa] • • u  ū
[u ū aa] • • • [ii āā ] • • u ]
[ u • • [ āā ] • • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • •
qkWdefeqfq urfrefwg tgUpfQefwlof tWfWq tg,qfrefwH qkWdefeH wH tgZdWlofqduH

[ ii aa ]
• • • [aa aa āā] • • [āā aa aa ōō]
• • • [aa ] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [aa] [āā  ōō  aa]
• • • •
ukrfrgqH tNfNwVH ukwfwrlvH edqfqg, yVdZkNfPefwH. Wdqfoge a,eg,qfrg qkWdefelof

u āā aa]
[u • • [aa  aa] • • u  ū
[u ū aa] • • • [ii āā ] • • u aa aa]
[ u • • • [ii ā ] • • [ēē āā aa ā] • • • [ ii ōō] • •
awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog tg,qfrefwH qkWdefeH egr,,

atwWolofp> twfxd egr wgw
[ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [aa ] • [āā ] • [āā ] •
qkWdefe, tgZdWlofqduH ukrfrgqH yVdZkNfPdqfqqd. eek egr,,

egr wgw qkWdefe, quH
[ ii ]
• • [āā  ōō  aa]
• • • • u āā aa]
[u • • u ii ]
[ u • • • [] [āā ] • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ aa] •
aU[H e””wd? tUrdrf[

UefwYfYe aw,, U[ywd, aU[H.
clof aw wwg,H tgZdWlofqdulof
[ēē aa]
• [aa aa aa ]
• • • [ ii ] • • [ōō] [ēē] [] [ēē aa]• [ āā aa] • • [āā  ōō  ōō]
• • • •
ukrfrgqlof”wd. tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq ydwg tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq Yg[g,H

u āā ōō ]
[u • • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā] • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā aa] • •
Ua[wfog tg,qfrefwH qkWdefeH atwWolofp> at[d, wgw qkWdefe, CVH grg””wd.

Urdqfqgrg
[ ēē ā]
• • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ēē ] • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ aa] • [ ii āā āā ]
• • • •
tx clof tg,qfrg qkWdefelof a,e quydwk edaoqeH awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog

[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō]
• • [ēē ] • [] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • •
yNfNwfaw tgqae edqDWd. tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq ydwg tg,qfrefwH

[aa aa ēē] • • [āā  ēē]
• • [  ] • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā] • [āā aa a aa]
• • •
qkWdefeH atwWolofp> ZkNfP, wgw qkWdefeg”wd. tvH, U[ywd, uwH ar tPfP

[ ii aa]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • u ]
[u • [āā ] • [ ii āā ]• • • [ aa]• [] [ aa]
• [ēē] [aa ] •
e””wd. tXdogaq[d, wgw qkWdefe, qfogweg,

Zwfwudpfpe e””wd. tXdogaqqd clof
Zwfwe
[aa  ii aa ]
• • • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [āā ] • [ ii ]• • [ā  āā ] • • • [aa aa ] • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [ōō]
DZgaoe..
tg,qfrg qkWdefelof wkEf[DZgaoe tx clof tg,qfrg qkWdefelof tkwfIg,gqeg yufugrd.
[āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō] • • u  āā ēē ]
[u • • • • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō] • • u āā āā  āā]
[u • • • • [aa āā ] • •
1 -56 tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq rgwg wqfqg Vwfwd,g tpfpa,e

[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā] • [aa āā] • [aa  āā] • • [aa  ēē ]• • •
[Vdawe Ulofra,e yxod H tlofykNfPgaywfog Wfao ykNfaP ugVgayqd> atuH [dVNfNqfq,

[ ēē ] • • [ōō  ēē ]
• • • [ ii] • [ōō u
u āā ēē ā]
• • • • [ē] u ēē]
[u • [āā āā ēē ] • • • [ēē aa] • [ aa aa ]
• • •
atuH qkoEfEqfq. wgo r[efwg ykNfPg ta[qkH, tlofVwlof Idwlof ykVdqlof ygVwlof
[ēē aa]
• [ aa aa ]
• • • [āā ] • [ aa āā] • • u āā]
[u • [ ēē u
u] • • [ōō  ōō]
• • [ ōō] • [ ōō] • [āā  ōō] • •
IdwH ykVdqH e yqfqwd; ygVwlof Idwlof ykVdqlof tlofVwlof IdwH ykVdqH e

[ aa]
• [ aa] • [] [aa ] • [āā  ōō]• • [ ōō] • [ ōō] • [ōō  ōō]
• • [ aa] • [ aa] • []
yqfqwd. aw ykNfaP udvNfaP[d ywdpfQgWgaywfog rPfa™ tgqeH yNfNgaywfog

[aa ] • [ēē] u ēē]
[u • [ aa ēē ]
• • • [ ii āā āā ēē ā]
• • • • • [aa ēē] • [āā  aa]
• • [aa āā ēē ā] • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
24
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
wdVlofuVED,H yVdufcdydwfog tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq ykVgEWkwd,duH tgrefawqd> awe

[ ōō   aa]
• • • • [ ii  ii ā]
• • • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [ āā  aa]
• • • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [ēē ]•
u [k]
[d, oXk, a,e tvHugaVe tvHuwg ykwfwqfq ar qkWdefeqfq yd,g t[lofqd c [kʰ]
[] [] [ēē ] • [ aa āā ēē ]
• • • • [ aa  āā]
• • • u aa ]
[u • • [ēē] [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā] • [ ōō ] • •
U [g]
regyg awe tvHugaVe tvHuVg”wd. atoH, t,fa,
,””wd, clof tg,qfrwlof
[ āā āā] • • [ēē ] • [ aa āā ēē ]
• • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [ēē aa]
• [aa ēē ] • • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • •
C [gʰ]
qkWdefeqfq ykVgEWkwd,dug tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq rgwk,g ypfpqfqlofqd. i [ṅ]
[ ii aa ]

• • • [ āā  āā]
• • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [āā  āā] • • [aa aa ōō ] • • •
p [c]
1 -57 tx clof tg,qfrg qkWdefelof ykYfYEf[qr,H edogaqwfog Q [cʰ]
[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō]• • u aa  aa]
[u • • • [ āā ēē ā]• • •
P [j]
ywfwpDoVrgWg, a,e quydwk edaoqeH awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog
[aa    āā āā ]
• • • • • • [ēē ] • [] [ ēē  aa]• • • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • •
™ [jʰ]
yNfNwfaw tgqae edqDWd. tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq ydwg a,eg,qfrg N [ñ]

[aa aa ēē] • • [āā  ēē]
• • [  ] • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā] • [ēē āā aa ā]
• • •
T [ṭ]
qkWdefelof awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog aw ykNfaP odoVgaywfog tg,qfrefwH qkWdefeH I [ṭʰ]
[ ii ōō]
• • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ēē] u ēē]
[u • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa]
• •
J [ḍ]
aw,, wgw qkWdefe, rgwk
atwWolofp> tdWH aw rwfwduH tdwfxdug, tdwfxdXeH,
[ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa]• [ēē] [āā ]• [ ii ] • • [āā ] • [aa  aa] • • [ii  āā ]
• • • [ii  aa]
• •
$ [ḍʰ]
tNfNH aywfwduH tNfNH ydwgr[H. vYfZg, wgw qkWdefe, [Deg,gowfwdwfog ZlofUg p E [ṇ]
[aa aa]• [  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa āā] • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ āā āā aa ii ā]
• • • • • [ōō āā] • [] w [t]
ZkNfPdwkH ykNfNged p ugwkH. at[d wfoH, wgw qkWdefe, [Deg,gowfwdwfog ZlofaU p x [tʰ]
u  u
[u u] • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [āā u
u] • [ēē ] • [a] [āā ] • [ ii ]• • [ āā āā aa ii ā]
• • • • • [ōō ēē] • []
W [d]
ZkNfPqfqk ykNfNged p uVlof[DD””wd. wgw
wgw,, e tkqfq[grd e odq[grd, tZdVwlof
u aa ]
[u • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [ ōō  ]
• • • [āā ] • [] u  āā ]
[u • • • [] [ āā ] • • [ ōō] •
X [dʰ]
t[H YfV[frpVd,H pVgrD””wd. Wkwd,rfyd

pVgrD clof ...ay
ay.... wwd,rfyd clof tg,qfrwlof e [n]
[ aa]
• [ aa] • [ āā  ] • • • [ aa ] • • [ōō] [ēē] [ aa ] • • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • •
y [p]
qkWdefeqfq ydwg tg,qfrefwH qkWdefeH aw,, wgw qkWdefe, rgwk

atwWolofp> tdWH aw z [pʰ]
[ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa] • [ēē] [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [āā ] •
Y [b]
rwfwduH, tdwfxdug, tdwfxdXeH, tNfNH aywfwduH, tNfNH ydwgr[H. vYfZg, wgw
[aa  aa] • • [ii  āā ]
• • • [ii  aa]
• • [aa aa] • [  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa āā] • [āā ]•
Z [bʰ]
qkWdefe, [Deg,gowfwdwfog ZlofUg p ZkNfPdwkH ykNfNged r [m]

p ugwkH. at[d wfoH, wgw
[ ii ]
• • [ āā āā aa ii ā]
• • • • • [ōō āā] • [] u  u
[u u] • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [āā u
u] • [ēē ] • [a] [āā ] •
, [y]
qkWdefe, [Deg,gowfwdwfog ZlofaU p ZkNfPqfqk ykNfNged p uVlof[DD””wd. oaW,f,gr V [r]
[ ii ]
• • [ āā āā aa ii ā]
• • • • • [ōō ēē] • [] u aa ]
[u • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [ ōō  ] • • • [  āā ] • • •
v [l]
clof wH, U[ywd, qap wfoH egwduPfa$,f,gqD
gqD””wd. oaW[d, wgw qkWdefeg”wd. awe
o [v]
[ōō] [aa] [] [ ēē] • [a] [āā  aa  āā  ]
• • • • • • [ ēē ] • • [āā ] • [ ii āā ] • • • [ēē ] •
q [s]
[d wfoH, U[ywd, r[efaw r[efaw qgEdyqdYfYau ugVgaywfog [dVNfNqkoEfEqfq
[] [a] [] [ aa ēē] • • [ aa ēē] • • [āā  ii  ēē]
• • • • [āā āā ēē ā] • • • [ aa  aa aa ]
• • • • •
[ [h]
ylVgaywfog quaw[d edYfYg[gaywfog rPfa™ UHUg, qlofaw tlofygaw[d. wH udqfq ` [ḷ]

ū āā ēē ā]
[ū • • • [ ēē ] • • [ii āā āā ēē ā] • • • • [aa ēē] • [aa āā ] • • [ōō ēē] • [ōō āā ēē ]
• • • [aa] [ii ] •
tH [ŋ̊]
a[wk? ,Nf[d aw
aw,, U[ywd, Zodqfqwd wwlofedWgeH Z,H og QrfZdwwfwH og
[ēē ] • [aa ]
• [ēē] [] [ ii ] • • [ ōō  āā aa]• • • • [ aa] • [āā] [aa  aa aa] • • • [āā]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
25
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
vlofr[Hqlof og tgVufclof og qlof aw e wD””wd. atoH okwfaw

ZodqfqwD w,, tg,qfrwlof
[ōō  aa ōō]
• • • [āā] [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā] [ōō] [ēē] [] [ ii   ]
• • • • [ēē aa] • u ēē]
[u • [āā aa  ōō]
• • •
qkWdefeqfq ydwg tewfwrelof t[lofqd> uxNf[d egr ykwfwlof qkWdefelof atoH

[ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā]• [ aa  ōō]
• • • [ ōō ]
• • [ aa ]• • [āā ] • u ōō]
[u • [ ii ōō] • • [ēē aa]
•
wD””wd.
oufcwD
[aa   ] • • •
1 -58 tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq ydwg tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq

[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā] • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • •
ykVgEWkwd,duH tgrefawqd> awe [d, oXk, wfoH yd,g p regyg p. tyfayo egr
[ āā  aa]
• • • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [ēē ] • [] [] [a] [ āā] • [] [ āā āā] • • [] [aa ēē ] • • [āā ]•
ykwfwlof qkWdefelof wk,f[rfyd opeH uaV,f,gg””wd. tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq

u ōō]
[u • [ ii ōō]• • u a ]
[u • • [ aa] • [  āā ] • • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • •
ykVgEWkwd,dug tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq ygaWqk Ua[wfog tg,qfrefwH qkWdefeH

[ āā  āā]
• • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā ēē ]
• • [ ēē ā]
• • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa] • •
atwWolofp> uDWdqg egr wg, t,f,ykwfw, tpfQVg,lof ,gqH wfoH a[wk

[ēē  ōō ]
• • • [  āā] • • [āā ] • [āā] [aa  u
u ] • • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [āā aa] • [a] [ēē ] •
YfV[frpVd,H pVqD””wd? e
pVqD clof t[H, ZUded, tpfQVgeH a[wk YfV[frpVd,H
[ aa] • [  ] • • [] [ōō] [ aa] • [] [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ēē ] • [ aa] •
pVgrD””wd. tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq ykVgEWkwd,dug> tPfPwUfaU rH

pVgrD
[ āā  ]
• • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  āā]
• • • [aa  aa ēē]
• • • [aa]
t,f,ykwfwlof qkWdefelof ZUdedogaWe gpVwD””wd, wwfaxo rkpfQdwg

qrkWgpVwD yywg.
[aa  u
u ōō]
• • • [ ii ōō] • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [ āā   ] • • • • [aa ēē ]• • u  āā]
[u • • [ āā] •
1 -59 tx clof tg,qfrg qkWdefelof ydwVH qap,, U[ywd,

atwWolofp> qap
[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō] • • [ aa] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ ēē] • []
ZlofPeH WgwYfYH aWx,, rg

aWx elof oda[I,dwfxgg””wd. ZkNfP, wgw qkWdefeg”wd. tx clof
[ōō  aa] • • [āā aa aa]
• • [ēē ] • [āā] [ōō] [ ēē  ii āā ]
• • • • • u ]
[u • [āā ] • [ ii āā ]• • • [] [ōō]
tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq rgwg p ydwg p tg,qfrefwH qkWdefeH yEDawe

[āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā] • [] [ āā] • [] [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [  ēē ] • • •
cgWeDa,e ZlofPeDa,e q[wfxg qefwyfayqkH qrfyogaVqkH. tx clof tg,qfrwlof

[āā   ēē ]
• • • • [ōō   ēē ] • • • • [ aa āā]• • [aa aa ēē u
u] • • • [aa  āā ēē u
u] • • • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • •
qkWdefeqfq rgwg tg,qfrefwH qkWdefeH Zkwfwgod H tlofeDwywfwygEd H atwWolofp> tdWH,

[ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • u āā ii]
[u • • [ōō   aa  āā ii]
• • • • • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa]
•
wgw qkWdefe, ukvH tPf$H r[WfXeH r[gZlofUH y[lwPgwVlyVPwH

[āā ]
• [ ii ] • • [ aa] • [aa aa] • [ aa  aa]• • • [ āā ōō aa] • • • ū  āā  ū
[ ū • ū  aa]
• • • • • •
y[lwodwfwlyuVEH y[lwXeXNfNH. vYfZg, wgw qkWdefe, [Deg,gowfwdwfog ZlofUg

ū  ii ū
[ ū • ū  aa]• • • • • ū  aa aa]
[ ū • • • • [aa āā] • [āā ] • [ ii ]
• • [ āā āā aa ii ā]
• • • • • [ōō āā]•
p ZkNfPdwkH ykNfNged p ugwkH. at[d wfoH, wgw qkWdefe, [Deg,gowfwdwfog ZlofaU p

[] u  u
[u u] • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [āā u
u] • [ēē ] • [a] [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ āā āā aa ii ā]
• • • • • [ōō ēē] • []
ZkNfPqfqk ykNfNged p uVlof[DD””wd. trfr, e tkqfq[grd e odq[grd, tZdVwlof

u aa ]
[u • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [ ōō  ]
• • • [aa ] • [] u  āā ]
[u • • • [] [ āā ] • • [ ōō] •
t[H YfV[frpVd,H pVgrD””wd.

pVgrD
[ aa]
• [ aa] • [ āā  ] • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
26
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1

ay.... wwd,rfyd clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq rgwg
[ aa ] • • [ōō] [ēē] [ aa ] • • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā] • u [k]
tg,qfrefwH qkWdefeH atwWolofp> tdWH, wgw qkWdefe, ukvH tPf$H r[WfXeH c [kʰ]
[āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa]• [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ aa] • [aa aa] • [ aa  aa]
• • •
U [g]
r[gZlofUH y[lwPgwVlyVPwH y[lwodwfwlyuVEH y[lwXeXNfNH. awe [d,
C [gʰ]
[ āā ōō aa]• • • ū  āā  ū
[ ū •ū  aa] • • • • • • ū  ii ū
[ ū ū  aa]
• • • • • • ū  aa aa]
[ ū • • • • [ēē ] • []
i [ṅ]
wgw qkWdefe, YDPurfyd aW[d> rg elof tykwfwuH qgyaw,f,H vdpfQo,lof
[āā ] • [ ii ] • • [  aa ]
• • • [ēē ] • [āā] [ōō] u  aa]
[ u • • • [āā   aa]
• • • [ii  ōō] • • p [c]
twd[Vgayqke”wd. atwH clof ar
ar,, trfr, qufug ugwke”wd. u[H ye,,
ye wgw Q [cʰ]
[ āā ēē u
u ] • • • • [ēē aa]
• [ōō] [ēē] [aa ] • [aa āā] • [āā u
u ] • • [ aa] • [] [āā ] •
P [j]
qkWdefe, atwV[d od[VqD r[goae,,
VqD””wd? r[goae trfrg”wd. tx clof tg,qfrg qkWdefelof ™ [jʰ]
[ ii ]
• • [ēē ]
• [  ] • • [ āā  ēē]
• • • [aa āā ] • • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii ōō] • •
N [ñ]
tkwfIg,gqeg yufugrd.
u āā āā  āā]
[u • • • • [aa āā ] • • T [ṭ]
1 -61 tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq rgwg tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq I [ṭʰ]
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā] • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • •
J [ḍ]
ykVgEWkwd,duH tgrefawqd> awe [d, oXk, ,Wg tkwkeD t[lofqd, ykyfzH aw $ [ḍʰ]
[ āā  aa]
• • • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [ēē ] • [] [] [ āā] • [ ] • [ ōō ]
• • u aa]
[u • [ēē]
E [ṇ]
tkyfyefeH [lofwd, tx ar gqD””wd. atoH, t,fa,
tgVlofap,f,gqD ,””wd clof tg,qfrwlof
u aa aa]
[u • • [ōō ] • [] [ēē] [āā ōō  āā  ]
• • • • • [ēē aa]
• [aa ēē ] • • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • w [t]
qkWdefeqfq ykVgEWkwd,dug tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq rgwk,g ypfpqfqlofqd. tx clof x [tʰ]
[ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  āā]
• • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā  āā] • • [aa aa ōō ] • • • [] [ōō]
W [d]
tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq ykVgEWkwd,dug epdVqfaqo tkwkeD t[lofqd, ykyfzHqg X [dʰ]
[āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  āā]
• • • [ aa ēē ] • • • [ ] • [ ōō ] • • u aa āā]
[u • •
e [n]
tkyfyPfPd. tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq ykVgEWkwd,dug tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq
u aa ]
[u • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  āā] • • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • y [p]
rgwVH ,,, ykyfzH

atwWolofp> tkwkeDrf[d, t,fa, ar e””wd. awe [d, oXk,
tkyfyefee z [pʰ]
[āā  aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [  ] • • [aa ēē] • u aa]
[u • [ēē] u aa aa ]
[u • • • [ēē ] • [] []
Y [b]
a,e tvHugaVe tvHuwg ykwfwqfq qkWdefeqfq yd,g t[lofqd regyg awe
Z [bʰ]
[ēē ] • [ aa āā ēē ]
• • • • [ aa  āā]
• • • u aa ]
[u • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā] • [ ōō ]
• • [ āā āā] • • [ēē ] •
r [m]
tvHugaVe tvHuVg”wd. atoH, t,fa,
,””wd clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq
[ aa āā ēē ]
• • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [ēē aa]
• [aa ēē ]
• • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • , [y]
ykVgEWkwd,dug tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq rgwk,g ypfpqfqlofqd. tx clof tg,qfrwlof V [r]
[ āā  āā]
• • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā  āā] • • [aa aa ōō ]
• • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • •
v [l]
qkWdefeqfq rgwg tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq ykVgEWkwd,duH tgWg, a,e r[goeH
[ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā] • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  aa]
• • • [āā āā ] • • [ēē ] • [ āā  aa] • • •
o [v]
a,eg,qfrg qkWdefelof awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog tg,qfrefwH qkWdefeH atwWolofp> q [s]

[ēē āā aa ā]
• • • [ ii ōō]
• • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
[ [h]
tdWH, wgw qkWdefe, ukvH tPf$H r[WfXeH r[gZlofUH y[lwPgwVlyVPwH ` [ḷ]

[ aa]
• [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ aa] • [aa aa] • [ aa  aa]
• • • [ āā ōō aa]• • • ū  āā  ū
[ ū • ū  aa]
• • • • • •
tH [ŋ̊]
y[lwodwfwlyuVEH y[lwXeXNfNH. vYfZg, wgw qkWdefe, [Deg,gowfwdwfog ZlofUg
ū  ii ū
[ ū • ū  aa] • • • • • ū  aa aa]
[ ū • • • • [aa āā] • [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ āā āā aa ii ā]
• • • • • [ōō āā] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
27
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
p ZkNfPdwkH ykNfNged p ugwkH. at[d wfoH, wgw qkWdefe, [Deg,gowfwdwfog ZlofaU p

[] u  u
[u u] • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [āā u
u] • [ēē ] • [a] [āā ] • [ ii ] • • [ āā āā aa ii ā]
• • • • • [ōō ēē] • []
ZkNfPqfqk ykNfNged p uVlof[DD””wd. trfr, e tkqfq[grd e odq[grd, tZdVwlof

u aa ]
[u • • u āā ]
[u • • [] [ ōō  ] • • • [aa ] • [] u  āā ]
[u • • • [] [ āā ] • • [ ōō] •
t[H YfV[frpVd,H pVgrD””wd.

pVgrD
[ aa]
• [ aa] • [ āā  ]
• • •

ay.... wwd,rfyd clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq rgwg
[ aa ] • • [ōō] [ēē] [ aa ] • • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [āā āā] •
tg,qfrefwH qkWdefeH atwWolofp> tdWH, wgw qkWdefe, ukvH tPf$H r[WfXeH

[āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa]• [āā ] • [ ii ]• • [ aa] • [aa aa] • [ aa  aa] • • •
r[gZlofUH y[lwPgwVlyVPwH y[lwodwfwlyuVEH y[lwXeXNfNH. awe [d,

[ āā ōō aa]
• • • ū  āā  ū
[ ū • ū  aa]• • • • • • ū  ii ū
[ ū ū  aa]
• • • • • • ū  aa aa]
[ ū • • • • [ēē ] • []
wgw qkWdefe, YDPurfyd aW[d> rg elof tykwfwuH qgyaw,f,H vdpfQo,lof

[āā ]
• [ ii ] • • [  aa ]
• • • [ēē ] • [āā] [ōō] u  aa]
[ u • • • [āā   aa] • • • [ii  ōō] • •
twd[Vgayqke”wd. atwH clof ar

ar,, trfr, qufug ugwke”wd, ykVgEWkwd,dug, Yg[g,H
[ āā ēē u
u ] • • • • [ēē aa]
• [ōō] [ēē] [aa ] • [aa āā] • [āā u
u ]• • [ āā  āā ]
• • • • [āā āā aa] • •
Ua[wfog r[goeH tPf™lofUga[wfog tyNfNwfaw qdufcgyaW tegWDeoWqfqlof

[ ēē ā]
• • [ āā  aa]
• • • [aa ōō āā ēē ā]
• • • • [ aa aa ēē]
• • • [ii āā  ēē] • • • [ āā   aa ōō]
• • • • •
ykVgEWkwd,dug, wdufcwfwkH arxkeH XrfrH tZdodNfNgayqd. qg awe UYfZH UEf[d.

[ āā  āā ]
• • • • [ii aa u
u] • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ii āā ēē ]
• • • • [āā] [ēē ] • [aa aa] • [aa ]
•
1 -63 Zkrfrg aWog qWfWrekqfqgaoqkH> edVYfYkWlof ow Zlof ZdufckqHClof

u āā]
[u • [ēē āā] • [aa  u
u āā ēē u
• u] • • • • [ aa  ōō]• • • [] [ōō] [ii  aa ōō] • • •
edVgWDeolof; qkWdefaee uvefWykwfawe tYfYkWH tkyfygWdwH, tgWDeolof tkyfygWdwlof”wd.

[ āā   ōō]
• • • • [ ii ēē ]
• • • [ aa  u
u ēē ]
• • • • • [aa  aa]
• • u āā  aa]
[u • • • [āā   ōō]
• • • u āā  ōō ]
[u • • • •
ZkrfrgeH aWogeH qWfWH qkwfog pgwkr[gVgPdug aWog qWfWrekqfqgaoqkH ...ay

ay....
u āā aa]
[u • • [ēē āā aa]
• • [aa aa] • u ā]
[u • [āā  āā āā  āā]
• • • • • [ēē āā] • [aa  u
• u] • • • • [ēē]
wgowdqg
H aWog ... ,grg aWog ... wkqdwg aWog ... edrfrgeVwD aWog ...
[āā  ii āā]
• • • [ēē āā] • … [āā āā] • [ēē āā] • … [ āā] • [ēē āā] • … [ii āā  ] • • • [ēē āā] • …
yVedrfrdwoqowfwD aWog ... YfV[frug,dug aWog qWfWrekqfqgaoqkH> edVYfYkWlof ow

[ ii  aa ]
• • • • [ēē āā]• … [ āā  āā] • • • [ēē āā] • [aa  u
• u] • • • • [ aa  ōō]• • • []
Zlof ZdufckqHClof edVgWDeolof; qkWdefaee uvefWykwfawe tYfYkWH tkyfygWdwH, tgWDeolof

[ōō] [ii  aa ōō] • • • [ āā   ōō]
• • • • [ ii ēē ] • • • [ aa  u
u ēē ]
• • • • • [aa  aa] • • u āā  aa]
[u • • • [āā   ōō]
• • •
tkyfygWdwlof”wd. tdwd[ awe caEe awe rk[kwfawe ,go YfV[frvlofug qWfWlof

u āā  ōō ]
[u • • • • [] [ēē ] • [ ēē ] • • [ēē ] • u ēē ]
[ u • • • [āā ] • [ ōō āā] • • [aa ōō] •
tYfZkUfUpfQd.
[aa u
u aa ]
• • •
1 -64 tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq ykVgEWkwd,dug wqfq UYfZqfq

[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  āā]
• • • [aa ] • [aa aa ] • •
yVdygurefog, ykwfwH odPg,d. tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq q[g,ug wqfq

[ āā  aa ā ]
• • • • • u aa]
[u • [ āā ] • • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ] • • • [ āā  āā] • • • [aa ] •
WgVuqfq YDPulofwd egrH tuHqk. tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq ykVgEWkwd,dug,

[āā  aa ]
• • • [  ōō ]
• • • [āā aa] • [ aa ]
• • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  āā ]
• • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
28
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
YDPurgwgwd egrH tuHqk. tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq YDPuydwgwd egrH tuHqk. aw

[  āā āā ]
• • • • [āā aa] • [ aa ]
• • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [  āā ] • • • [āā aa] • [ aa ]
• • [ēē] u [k]
tyaVe qra,e tkZlof tUgVqfrg teUgVd,H yYfYPdwfog tV[wfwH qpfQguHqk. c [kʰ]
[ ēē ] • • [ ēē ] • • [ ōō] • [ āā aa ā]
• • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [ aa aa] • • [aa āā aa ]
• • •
U [g]
1 -65 tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq t[kaWo ukufukpfpH, t[k C [gʰ]
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ ēē ] • • u u
[u u aa] • • []
i [ṅ]
odyfywdqgVlof> tvgZg ow ar,, e
ar ow ar vgZg; WkvfvWfXH ow ar,, e
ar ow
[ii  āā ōō]
• • • [ āā āā]
• • [] [ēē] [] [] [ēē] [āā āā] • u aa aa]
[u • • [] [ēē] [] [] p [c]
ar qkvWfXH; ,lof[H atoH qfogufcgaw Xrfrodea, yYfYPdwfog egqufcd H ,goPDoH Q [cʰ]
[ēē] [ aa aa]
• • [ōō aa] • [ēē aa]
• [ āā ēē] • • [aa  ēē] • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [āā aa ii] • • [āā   aa]
• • •
P [j]
yVdykEfEH yVdqkWfXH YfV[frpVd,H pVdwke”wd. qlof awaeo ukufukpfape awe ™ [jʰ]
u aa]
[ u • • u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] • u ]
[ u • • [ōō] [ēē ēē ] • • u u
[u u ēē ] • • • [ēē ] •
N [ñ]
odyfywdqgaVe udqlof t[lofqd vlclof WkYfYEfElof tkyfyEfPkyfyEfPkuPgwlof
[ii  āā ēē ]
• • • • [ ōō] • [ ōō ]
• • ū ōō]
[ū • u aa ōō]
[u • • u aa u
[u u aa  āā ōō]
• • • • • • T [ṭ]
XredqefxwUwfwlof tefwlofrelof vDerelof WkufcD Wkrfrelof odyfywdqgVD yPf™g,d. I [ṭʰ]
[ aa  aa ōō] • • • • [aa ōō  ōō]• • • [  ōō]
• • u ]
[u • u  ōō]
[u • • [ii  āā ] • • • [aa āā ]• •
J [ḍ]
1 -66 tx clof tg,qfrwlof qkWdefeqfq q[g,ug Zdufcl tg,qfrefwH
$ [ḍʰ]
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  āā] • • • [ii ū
ū] • [āā aa a aa]
• • •
E [ṇ]
qkWdefeH atwWolofpkH> ykYfaY clof wfoH, tgokqlof qkWdefe, oEfEog t[lofqd
[ ii aa]
• • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • u ēē]
[u • [ōō] [a] [āā  ōō]
• • [ ii ]• • [aa  āā] • • [ ōō ]
• • w [t]
yDEdefWfVd,lof yqeferkcoEfElof odyfyqefeQodoEfElof; qlof Wged wfoH atwV[d x [tʰ]
[ ii  ōō]
• • • [ aa  aa ōō]
• • • • [ii  aa  aa ōō]
• • • • • [ōō] [āā ] • [a] [ēē ]
•
W [d]
udqlof vlclof WkYfYEfElof tkyfyEfPkyfyEfPkuPgwlof XredqefxwUwfwlof tefwlofrelof
[ ōō]
• ū ōō]
[ū • u aa ōō]
[u • • u aa u
[u u aa  āā ōō]
• • • • • • [ aa  aa ōō] • • • • [aa ōō  ōō]• • •
X [dʰ]
vDerelof WkufcD Wkrfrelof odyfywdqgVD yPf™g,qd. upfpd elof wfoH, tgokqlof qkWdefe, e [n]
[  ōō]

• • u ]
[u • u  ōō]
[u • • [ii  āā ] • • • [aa āā ] • • [aa ] • [ōō] [a] [āā  ōō] • • [ ii ] • •
y [p]
teZdVwlof YfV[frpVd,H pVqD””wd?

pVqD z [pʰ]
[ ōō] • [ aa] • [  ] • •
Y [b]
1 -67 e clof t[H, tgokqlof, teZdVwlof YfV[frpVd,H pVgrd. twfxd
Z [bʰ]
[] [ōō] [ aa]• [āā  ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ aa] • [ āā ]
• • [aa ] •
r [m]
ar ygyurfrH uwH; ykVgEWkwd,dug, arxkelof Xrfrlof ywdaqodwlof; wqfq
[ēē] [āā  aa aa]
• • • [ aa] • [ āā  āā ]
• • • • [ēē  ōō] • • [aa ōō] • [ ēē  ōō] • • • [aa ] • , [y]
r,f[H, tgokqlof, t[kaWo ukufukpfpH t[k odyfywdqgVlof> ‘tvgZg ow ar,, e
ar ow V [r]
[aa a]
• [āā  ōō] • • [ ēē ] • • u u
[u u aa] • • [] [ii  āā ōō] • • • [ āā āā] • • [] [ēē] [] []
v [l]
ar vgZg; WkvfvWfXH ow ar,, e
ar ow ar qkvWfXH; ,lof[H atoH qfogufcgaw o [v]
[ēē] [āā āā]• u aa aa]
[u • • [] [ēē] [] [] [ēē] [ aa aa]
• • [ōō aa] • [ēē aa]
• [ āā ēē] • •
Xrfrodea, yYfYPdwfog egqufcd H ,goPDoH yVdykEfEH yVdqkWfXH YfV[frpVd,H q [s]

[aa  ēē] • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [āā aa ii] • • [āā   aa]
• • • u aa]
[ u • • u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] •
[ [h]
pVdwke’”wd. ` [ḷ]
u ]
[ u • •
tH [ŋ̊]
1 -68 aw,, tgokqlof qkWdefe, ukufukpfpg, tvH odyfywdqgVg,
tvNf[d aw
[ aa ]
• • [ēē] [āā  ōō]
• • [ ii ] • • u u
[u u āā ] • • • [ aa] • [ii  āā āā ]
• • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
29
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
,H wfoH atoH qfogufcgaw Xrfrodea, yYfYPdwfog e qufcdqfqqd ,goPDoH

[aa] [a] [ēē aa]
• [ āā ēē] • • [aa  ēē] • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [] [aa ii ] • • [āā   aa]
• • •
yVdykEfEH yVdqkWfXH YfV[frpVd,H pVdwkH. eek, tgokqlof, ZUowg taeuyVd,ga,e

u aa]
[ u • • u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] • u]
[ u • [] [āā  ōō] • • [ āā] • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • •
odVgUg, Xrfrlof aWqdwlof, elof qVgUg,

qVgUg,;; odqH,lofUg, Xrfrlof aWqdwlof, elof
[ āā āā ]
• • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • • [ōō] [ āā āā ] • • • [ aa ōō āā ]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • • [ōō]
g,;; tekygWgeg,
qH,lofUg, Xrfrlof aWqdwlof, elof qtkygWgeg,
gWgeg,.. wwfx egr wfoH,
[aa ōō āā ]
• • • [ āā āā āā ] • • • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • • [ōō] [ āā āā āā ] • • • • [aa ] • [āā ] • [a]
tgokqlof, ZUowg odVgUg, Xrfar aWqdaw qVgUg, apawqfqqd, odqH,lofUg,

[āā  ōō]
• • [ āā] • [ āā āā ]
• • • [aa ēē] • [ēē  ēē] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ēē  ] • • [ aa ōō āā ]
• • • •
Xrfar aWqdaw qH,lofUg, apawqfqqd, tekygWgeg, Xrfar aWqdaw qtkygWgeg,

[aa ēē] • [ēē  ēē]
• • [aa ōō āā ] • • • [ēē  ] • • [ āā āā āā ] • • • • [aa ēē] • [ēē  ēē]
• • [ āā āā āā ] • • • •
apawqfqqd. eek, tgokqlof, ZUowg taeuyVd,ga,e VgUodVgUg, Xrfrlof aWqdwlof,

[ēē  ]
• • [] [āā  ōō] • • [ āā] • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [āā  āā āā ]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • •
rWedrfrWeg, ydygqode,g, tgv,qrkUfCgwg, owfwkypfaQWg, wEf[gufc,g,

[ ii  āā ] • • • • [ āā  āā ]
• • • • [āā  u
• u āā āā ] • • • • [aa  aa ēē āā ]
• • • • • [aa   āā ]
• • • •
odVgUg, edVlofXg, edYfYgeg, Xrfrlof aWqdwlof. eek, tgokqlof, ZUowg

[ āā āā ]
• • • [ ōō āā ]
• • • [ii āā āā ] • • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • • [] [āā  ōō]
• • [ āā] •
taeuyVd,ga,e ugrgeH y[geH tufcgwH, ugrqNfNgeH yVdNfNg tufcgwg,

[ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [āā āā aa]
• • [ āā aa] • • [aa āā aa] • • [āā  aa āā aa]
• • • • [ ii āā]
• • [aa āā āā] • •
ugrydygqgeH ywdode,lof tufcgwlof, ugrodwufugeH qrkUfCgwlof tufcgwlof,

[āā  āā āā aa]
• • • • [ ōō] • [aa āā ōō]• • [āā  aa āā aa]
• • • • u āā ōō]
[ u • • • [aa āā ōō] • •
ugryVd`g[geH olyqrlof tufcgwlof. aewH, tgokqlof, tyfyqefegeH og yqgWg,,,

yqgWg,
[āā  āā āā aa]
• • • • ū  ōō]
[ū • • [aa āā ōō] • • [ēē aa] • [āā  ōō] • • [aa  aa āā aa]
• • • • [āā] [ āā āā ] • • •
yqefegeH og gog,.. tx cfaowH, tgokqlof, tyfyqefegeNfapo

Zd,f,lofZgog, tyfyqgWg,
[ aa āā aa]
• • • [āā] [ii ōō āā āā ]
• • • • [] [ē aa] • [āā  ōō] • • [aa  aa āā aa ēē ]
• • • • • • [aa  āā āā ] • • • •
yqefegeNfp g,g””wd.
atupfpgeH tNfNxwfwg,g
[ aa āā aa ]
• • • • [ēē aa āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa āā āā ]
• • • • •
1 -69 tx clof aw Zdufcl tg,qfrefwH qkWdefeH taeuyVd,ga,e

[] [ōō] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • •
odUV[dwfog ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. tx clof ZUog atwqfrd H edWgae

[ ii ā] • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
•u] • • [] [ōō] [ āā] • [ēē aa i]
• • [ āā ēē] • •
atwqfrd H yuVaE ZdufckqHCH qefedygwgaywfog tg,qfrefwH qkWdefeH ywdykpfQd>

[ēē aa i]
• • [ ēē] • [ii  aa aa] • • • [aa  āā āā ēē ā]
• • • • • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • u ]
[ u • •
qpfpH udV wfoH, qkWdefe, ykVgEWkwd,dug, arxkeH XrfrH qoD””wd? qpfpH,

ywdaqoD
[aa aa] • [] [a] [ ii ] • • [ āā  āā ]
• • • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē  ] • • • [aa aa] •
ZUog”wd.
[ āā ] • •
1 -70 odUV[d YkWfXlof ZUog> teekpfQoduH, rlofCykVdq, teekvlofrduH

[] u ōō]
[u • [ āā] • u  aa]
[ u • • • [ōō ] • [ ōō  aa] • • •
tyfywdVlyH tqfqgrEuH tuyfyd,H tuVED,H. uxNf[d egr wfoH, rlofCykVdq, atoH

[aa  ū
•ū aa] • • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ aa  aa]
• • • [  aa] • • [ aa ] • • [āā ] • [a] [ōō ] • [ēē aa]
•
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
30
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
qfogufcgaw Xrfrodea, yYfYPdwfog e qufcdqfqqd ,goPDoH yVdykEfEH

[ āā ēē] • • [aa  ēē] • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [] [aa ii ] • • [āā   aa]
• • • u aa]
[ u • •
u [k]
yVdqkWfXH YfV[frpVd,H pVdwkH. eek r,g, rlofCykVdq, taeuyVd,ga,e odVgUg, c [kʰ]
u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] • u]
[ u • [] [ āā] • [ōō ] • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ āā āā ]
• • •
U [g]
Xrfrlof aWqdwlof, elof qVgUg,
qVgUg,;; odqH,lofUg, Xrfrlof aWqdwlof, elof qH,lofUg,
g,;;
[aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō]• • [ōō] [ āā āā ] • • • [ aa ōō āā ]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • • [ōō] [aa ōō āā ] • • •
C [gʰ]
tekygWgeg, Xrfrlof aWqdwlof, elof qtkygWgeg,

gWgeg,.. wwfx egr wfoH, rlofCykVdq, i [ṅ]
[ āā āā āā ]

• • • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • • [ōō] [ āā āā āā ]
• • • • [aa ] • [āā ] • [a] [ōō ] •
p [c]
r,g odVgUg, Xrfar aWqdaw qVgUg, apawqfqqd, odqH,lofUg, Xrfar Q [cʰ]
[ āā] • [ āā āā ]
• • • [aa ēē] • [ēē  ēē] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ēē  ] • • [ aa ōō āā ]• • • • [aa ēē] •
P [j]
aWqdaw qH,lofUg, apawqfqqd, tekygWgeg, Xrfar aWqdaw qtkygWgeg,
[ēē  ēē]
• • [aa ōō āā ] • • • [ēē  ]
• • [ āā āā āā ] • • • • [aa ēē] • [ēē  ēē] • • [ āā āā āā ] • • • •
™ [jʰ]
apawqfqqd. eek r,g, rlofCykVdq, taeuyVd,ga,e VgUodVgUg, Xrfrlof aWqdwlof. N [ñ]

[ēē  ]
• • [] [ āā] • [ōō ] • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [āā  āā āā ]
• • • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō]• •
T [ṭ]
rWedrfrWeg, ydygqode,g, tgv,qrkUfCgwg, owfwkypfaQWg, wEf[gufc,g, I [ṭʰ]
[ ii  āā ] • • • • [ āā  āā ]
• • • • [āā  u
• u āā āā ] • • • • [aa  aa ēē āā ]
• • • • • [aa   āā ]
• • • •
J [ḍ]
odVgUg, edVlofXg, edYfYgeg, Xrfrlof aWqdwlof. eek r,g, rlofCykVdq,
[ āā āā ]
• • • [ ōō āā ] • • • [ii āā āā ] • • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō] • • [] [ āā] • [ōō ] •
$ [ḍʰ]
taeuyVd,ga,e ugrgeH y[geH tufcgwH, ugrqNfNgeH yVdNfNg tufcgwg, E [ṇ]

[ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [āā āā aa]
• • [ āā aa] • • [aa āā aa] • • [āā  aa āā aa]
• • • • [ ii āā] • • [aa āā āā] • •
w [t]
ugrydygqgeH ywdode,lof tufcgwlof, ugrodwufugeH qrkUfCgwlof tufcgwlof, x [tʰ]
[āā  āā āā aa]
• • • • [ ōō] • [aa āā ōō] • • [āā  aa āā aa]
• • • • u āā ōō]
[ u • • • [aa āā ōō] • •
W [d]
ugryVd`g[geH olyqrlof tufcgwlof. oVH aw,, rlofCykVdq,
aw tgqdodqqfq
[āā  āā āā aa]
• • • • ū  ōō]
[ū • • [aa āā ōō] • • [ aa] • [ēē] [ōō ] • [āā  aa ]
• • •
X [dʰ]
ClofVodqqfq rkac tHUPgwH yufcdwfwH, e wfaoo rgwkUgrqfq tHUPgaw e [n]
[ōō  aa ]

• • • [ ēē] • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa] • • [] [ē ] • [āā  āā aa ]
• • • • [aa  āā ēē]• • •
y [p]
tHUPgwH yufcdwfwH. oVH aw,, rlofCykVdq,

aw uEf[qyfyqfq rkac tHUPgwH z [pʰ]
[aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa] • • [ aa] • [ēē] [ōō ] • [aa  aa aa ]
• • • • [ ēē] • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
Y [b]
yufcdwfwH, e wfaoo rgwkUgrqfq tHUPgaw tHUPgwH yufcdwfwH. oVH aw,,
aw
[aa ii aa]
• • [] [ē ] • [āā  āā aa ]• • • • [aa  āā ēē]
• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa] • • [ aa] • [ēē]
Z [bʰ]
rlofCykVdq, tHUgVugqk,g tgWdwfwg, qrfyPfPvdwg, qPlofwdZlwg, tHUPgwH r [m]
[ōō ]
• [aa āā  āā  āā]
• • • • • [āā ii āā ]
• • • [aa aa  āā ] • • • • [ ōō  ū
ū āā ]
• • • • • [aa  āā aa] • • •
, [y]
yufcdwfwH, e wfaoo rgwkUgrqfq tHUPgaw tHUPgwH yufcdwfwH. wH udqfq V [r]
[aa ii aa]
• • [] [ē ] • [āā  āā aa ]• • • • [aa  āā ēē]
• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa] • • [aa] [ii ] •
v [l]
a[wk? wwlofedWgeNf[d, rlofCykVdq, rVEH og edUpfaQ,f, rVErwfwH og WkufcH,
[ēē ]
• [ ōō  āā aa ]
• • • • • [ōō ] • [ aa] • [āā] [ aa  ]• • • [ aa aa] • • [āā] u aa]
[u •
o [v]
e wfaoo wyfypfp,g ug,qfq aZWg yVH rVEg tyg,H WkUfUwd H odedygwH q [s]
[] [ē ] • [aa aa  āā] • • • [āā aa ] • • [ēē āā]• [ aa] • [ āā] • [ āā aa]
• • u  ii]
[u • • [ āā aa] • •
[ [h]
edV,H tkyyPfaP,f,. tdwlofedWgeNfp clof, rlofCykVdq, ug,qfq aZWg yVH ` [ḷ]

[ aa] • [ aa  ] • • • [ ōō  āā aa ]
• • • • • [ōō] [ōō ] • [āā aa ] • • [ēē āā] • [ aa] •
tH [ŋ̊]
rVEg tyg,H WkUfUwd H odedygwH edV,H tkyyPfaP,f,. wwfx egr wfoH,
[ āā] • [ āā aa]
• • u  ii]
[u • • [ āā aa] • • [ aa] • [ aa  ] • • • [aa ] • [āā ] • [a]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
31
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
rlofCykVdq, ,H wfoH tqWfXrfrH UgrXrfrH oqvXrfrH WkwfIkvfvH

[ōō ]• [aa] [a] [ aa aa aa]
• • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [ aa aa] • • u u
[u u aa] • •
tlofWuefwduH V[qfqH Wfo,HWfo,qrgywfwd H qrgyPfPdqfqqd, Y[leH clof wfoH,

[ōō  aa  aa]
• • • • [ aa aa]
• • [ aa  āā aa ii]
• • • • • [ āā aa ii ]
• • • • ū aa]
[ ū • • [ōō] [a]
rlofCykVdq, tukqvgeH XrfrgeH tgWduwfwg ykYfYHUrlof. aewH, rlofCykVdq,

[ōō ]• [ āā aa] • • [aa āā aa] • • [āā  aa āā]
• • • u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ēē aa] • [ōō ] •
tyfyqefegeH og yqgWg,,,
yqgWg, yqefegeH og gog,;; tx cfaowH, rlofCykVdq,
Zd,f,lofZgog,
[aa  aa āā aa]
• • • • [āā] [ āā āā ] • • • [ aa āā aa]
• • • [āā] [ii ōō āā āā ]• • • • [] [ē aa] • [ōō ]•
tyfyqefegeNfapo qgWg,,, yqefegeNfp

tyfyqgWg, g,g””wd.
[aa  aa āā aa ēē ]
• • • • • • [aa  āā āā ]
• • • • [ aa āā aa ]
• • • • [ēē aa āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa āā āā ]
• • • • •
1 -71 tx clof ZUog tg,qfrefwH qkWdefeH taeuyVd,ga,e odUV[dwfog

[] [ōō] [ āā] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ ii aa] • • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ ii ā] • •
WkYfZVwg, Wkyfylofqwg, r[dpfQwg, tqefwkwfIdwg, qHUEdug, ulofqPfPqfq

u  āā ]
[u • • • u ōō  āā ]
[u • • • • [ ii  āā ]
• • • • [ aa u
u  āā ]
• • • • • [aa  āā ]
• • • [ōō aa aa ]
• • •
toEfEH Zgqdwfog taeuyVd,ga,e qkZVwg, qkylofqwg, tyfydpfQqfq qefwkwfIqfq

[ aa aa]
• • [āā ii ā] • • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ āā ] • • [ ōō  āā ]
• • • • [aa ii aa ]
• • • [aa u
u aa ]
• • •
qvfavcqfq Xkwqfq ygqgWduqfq typ,qfq oDVd,gVrfZqfq oEfEH Zgqdwfog

[aa ēē aa ]
• • • [ aa ] • • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa ] • • [  āā aa aa ]
• • • • • [aa aa] • [āā ii ā] • •
ZdufcleH wWekpfQoduH wWekvlofrduH Xrfrd H uxH uwfog Zdufcl tgrefawqd>

[ii ū
ū aa] • • u  aa]
[ u • • • [ ōō  aa] • • • [aa ii] • [ aa] • [aa ā] • [ii ū
ū] • [āā aa ēē ]
• • •
ao,,
awe [d, Zdufcao ZdufcleH qdufcgyWH yNfNayqfqgrd Wq twfxoaq ywdpfp>
[ēē ]
• [] [ii  ēē] • • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii āā  aa] • • • [aa   āā ] • • • • [] [aa  ēē]
• • [ ii ] • •
g,,,
qHCqkwfIkwg, g,,,
qHCzgqkwg, WkrfrHuleH ykUfUvgeH [g,,,
edUfU[g, ayqvgeH
[aa  u
u  āā ]
• • • • • [aa  āā  āā ]
• • • • • u aa ū
[u ū aa] • • • u  āā aa]
[u • • • [ii  āā ] • • • [ēē  āā aa]
• • •
ZdufcleH gVg,,,
zgqkod[gVg, WdwfIXrfrdugeH tgqogeH Vg,,,
qHoVg, qrfyVg,dugeH
[ii ū
ū aa] • • [āā  āā āā ]
• • • • [ii  aa  āā aa]
• • • • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [aa  āā ] • • • [aa  āā  āā aa]
• • • • •
tgqogeH gwg,,,
ywdCgwg, tyfyqefegeH yqgWg,,,
yqgWg, yqefegeH gog,,,
Zd,f,lofZgog,
[āā  āā aa]
• • • [ āā āā ] • • • [aa  aa āā aa]
• • • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ aa āā aa] • • • [ii ōō āā āā ]• • • •
qWfXrfrwfIdwd,gg,, ode,gekUfU[g,
[g,.. ye,,
atoNfp ye ao,,
Zdufcao tdrH qdufcgyWH
[aa aa aa  āā]
• • • • [ āā u
u  āā ] • • • • • [ēē aa ]
• • [] [ii  ēē] • • [ aa]• [ii āā  aa] • • •
tkWfWdaq,f,gx>
u   āā ]
[u • • • •
1 -72 ,lof ye Zdufck arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqao,f,, ygVgPdulof [lofwd

[ōō] [] [ii ] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē  ] • • • [āā āā  ōō]• • • [ōō ]•
tqHogqlof”wd.
[ aa āā ōō ]
• • • •
1 -73 atoNfpdWH ZUowg ZdufcleH qdufcgyWH yNfNwfwH [lofwd.

[ēē aa  aa]
• • • [ āā] • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii āā  aa] • • • [aa aa aa] • • [ōō ] •
1 -74 qkWdefeZgEogVlof edwfIdwlof.

[ ii  āā  āā ōō]
• • • • • • [ii  ōō] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
32
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
u [k]
( 1 -1.1.1.2
1.1.1.2))
rufuwDowfxk ( 1 -1.1.1.2
1.1.1.2)) c [kʰ]
# #
[aa •  •  • aa • ]
U [g]
1 -75 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck aoqgvd,H r[goae C [gʰ]
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [ āā  ēē] • • •
i [ṅ]
rufuwd H tgrdaqe tkyvgaywfog wqfqg arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqowd. tx clof qlof p [c]
[aa  ii] • • [āā  ēē ]
• • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [aa āā] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [] [ōō] [ōō]
Q [cʰ]
Zdufck ykYfYEf[qr,H edogaqwfog ywfwpDoVH tgWg, aoqgvd H ydEfPg, ygodqd.
[ii ] • u aa  aa]
[u • • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • [aa    aa] • • • • [āā āā ] • • [ēē āā ii] • • [ii āā ] • • [āā ] •
P [j]
awe clof ye qra,e qrfY[kvg Zdufcl aqegqepgVduH tg[dEfPefwg a,e ™ [jʰ]
[ēē ]
• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ii ū
ū] • [ēē āā  āā  aa]
• • • • • [āā ii aa āā]
• • • [ēē ] •
N [ñ]
H .
wqfq Zdufckelof od[gVlof awekyqHurdqk tWfWq clof qg rufuwD aw Zdufcl T [ṭ]
[aa ] • [ii  ōō] • • [ āā ōō]
• • [ēē  aa  ii ]
• • • • • [aa ] • [ōō] [āā] [aa  ] • • [ēē] [ii ū
ū] •
I [ṭʰ]
w.. Wdqfoge a,e aw Zdufcl awekyqHurd;
WlVwlofo tgUpfQefaw tkyqHurdwfog
ū  ōō ]
[ū • • • [āā aa aa ēē]
• • • [ii ā ] • • [ēē ] • [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • J [ḍ]
awqH ZdufcleH ykVwlof uwdrfyd pgavqd aQyfyrfyd pgavqd, uwdrfyd tlPfPd, $ [ḍʰ]
[ēē aa]
• [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ ōō] • [ ii ] • • [āā ēē ] • • [ aa ] • • [āā ēē ] • • [ ii ]
• • [ ] •
E [ṇ]
edrdwfwrfyd tugqd. tx clof awqH ZdufcleH atwW[lofqd> edqfqHq,H clof qlof w [t]
[ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā ]
• • [] [ōō] [ēē aa] • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ii aa  aa]
• • • [ōō] [ōō]
x [tʰ]
Zdufck tdrdqfqg rufuwd,g arxkeH XrfrH qowD””wd. aturefwH
ywdaqowD H .
edvD,dqk
[ii ] • [ ii āā]
• • [aa  āā] • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē   ] • • • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [  ii ]
• • •
W [d]
tx clof qlof Zdufck aoqgvd,H ydEfPg, pVdwfog ydEfPygwH tgWg, ywdufurd. X [dʰ]
[] [ōō] [ōō] [ii ] • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [ii āā ] • • [ ii ā] • • [ii  āā aa] • • • [āā āā ]
• • [ ii ]
• •
e [n]
1 -76 tx clof qg rufuwD a,e qlof Zdufck awekyqHurd. tx clof y [p]

[] [ōō] [āā] [aa  ] • • [ēē ] • [ōō] [ii ] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [] [ōō]
z [pʰ]
qlof Zdufck wH ydEfPygwH atuaWqH ZkNfPdwfog atuaWqH wqfqg rufuwd,g
[ōō] [ii ] • [aa] [ii  āā aa]
• • • [ēē  ēē aa]
• • • u ii ā]
[u • • [ēē  ēē aa]
• • • [aa āā] • [aa  āā] • •
Y [b]
tWgqd. tx clof qg rufuwD wH ydEfPygwH ZkNfPdwfog wqfq Zdufckelof uwd H Z [bʰ]

[ āā ]
• • [] [ōō] [āā] [aa  ] • • [aa] [ii  āā aa] • • • u ii ā]
[u • • [aa ] • [ii  ōō] • • [ ii]•
r [m]
tlPfPd. tx clof qlof Zdufck wqfqg rufuwd,g arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqowd. , [y]
[ ] • [] [ōō] [ōō] [ii ] • [aa āā] • [aa  āā] • • [ēē  aa]
• • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • •
V [r]
1 -77 tx clof aw Zdufcl wH ZdufckH atwWolofpkH> eek, tgokqlof,
[] [ōō] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [aa] [ii u
u] • [ēē  ōō u
• u] • • [] [āā  ōō]
• •
v [l]
ZUowg qdufcgyWH yNfNwfwH; udqfq wfoH, tgokqlof, rufuwd,g arxkeH XrfrH o [v]
[ āā] • [ii āā  aa] • • • [aa aa aa] • • [ii ] • [a] [āā  ōō]
• • [aa  āā] • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] •
q [s]
qoqD””wd? qpfpH, tgokqlof, ZUowg
ywdaqoqD qdufcgyWH yNfNwfwH; wNfp clof [ [h]
[ ēē   ] • • • • [aa aa]
• [āā  ōō]
• • [ āā] • [ii āā  aa] • • • [aa aa aa] • • [aa ] • [ōō]
` [ḷ]
rekqfqdwfxd,gg,, elof wdVpfQgeUwg,g
geUwg,g””wd. eek, tgokqlof, waxo wH [lofwd.
u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [ōō] [ aa āā  āā āā ]
• • • • • • [] [āā  ōō] • • [ ēē ] • • [aa] [ōō ] •
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
33
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
teekpfQoduH, tgokqlof, teekvlofrduH tyfywdVlyH tqfqgrEuH tuyfyd,H tuVED,H.

u  aa]
[ u • • • [āā  ōō] • • [ ōō  aa] • • • [aa  ū
ū aa] • • • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ aa  aa]
• • • [  aa] • •
uxNf[d egr wfoH, tgokqlof, atoH qfogufcgaw Xrfrodea, yYfYPdwfog e

[ aa ]
• • [āā ] • [a] [āā  ōō]
• • [ēē aa]
• [ āā ēē] • • [aa  ēē] • • [aa  ii ā] • • • []
qufcdqfqqd ,goPDoH yVdykEfEH yVdqkWfXH YfV[frpVd,H pVdwkH. eek, tgokqlof,

[aa ii ]
• • [āā   aa]
• • • u aa]
[ u • • u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] • u]
[ u • [] [āā  ōō]
• •
ZUowg taeuyVd,ga,e odVgUg, Xrfrlof aWqdwlof, elof qVgUg, ...ay

ay....
[ āā] • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ āā āā ]
• • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō]• • [ōō] [ āā āā ] • • • [ēē]
ugryVd`g[geH olyqrlof tufcgwlof. aewH, tgokqlof, tyfyqefegeH og yqgWg,

[āā  āā āā aa]
• • • • ū  ōō]
[ū • • [aa āā ōō]• • [ēē aa] • [āā  ōō]
• • [aa  aa āā aa]
• • • • [āā] [ āā āā ] • • •
yqefegeH og gog,.. tx cfaowH, tgokqlof, tyfyqefegeNfapo

Zd,f,lofZgog, qgWg,,,
tyfyqgWg,
[ aa āā aa]
• • • [āā] [ii ōō āā āā ]• • • • [] [ē aa] • [āā  ōō]
• • [aa  aa āā aa ēē ]
• • • • • • [aa  āā āā ]
• • • •
yqefegeNfp g,g””wd. tx clof aw Zdufcl wH ZdufckH

[ aa āā aa ]
• • • • [ēē aa āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa āā āā ]
• • • • • [] [ōō] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [aa] [ii u
u] •
taeuyVd,ga,e odUV[dwfog ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH.

[ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ ii ā] • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
•u] • •
1 -78 tx clof ZUog atwqfrd H edWgae atwqfrd H yuVaE ZdufckqHCH

[] [ōō] [ āā] • [ēē aa i]
• • [ āā ēē]• • [ēē aa i]
• • [ ēē] • [ii  aa aa] • • •
qefedygwgaywfog wH ZdufckH ywdykpfQd> qpfpH udV wfoH, Zdufck, rufuwd,g arxkeH

[aa  āā āā ēē ā]
• • • • • [aa] [ii u
u] • u ]
[ u • • [aa aa] • [] [a] [ii ] • [aa  āā] • • [ēē  aa] • •
XrfrH qoD””wd? qpfpH, ZUog”wd. odUV[d YkWfXlof ZUog>

ywdaqoD teekpfQoduH,
[aa aa] • [ ēē  ] • • • [aa aa] • [ āā ] • • [] u ōō]
[u • [ āā] • u  aa]
[ u • • •
rlofCykVdq, teekvlofrduH tyfywdVlyH tqfqgrEuH tuyfyd,H tuVED,H. uxNf[d

[ōō ]
• [ ōō  aa] • • • [aa  ū
ū aa]
• • • [aa āā  aa] • • • [ aa  aa]• • • [  aa] • • [ aa ] • •
egr wfoH, rlofCykVdq, atoH qfogufcgaw Xrfrodea, yYfYPdwfog e qufcdqfqqd

[āā ]
• [a] [ōō ] • [ēē aa]
• [ āā ēē] • • [aa  ēē] • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [] [aa ii ] • •
,goPDoH yVdykEfEH yVdqkWfXH YfV[frpVd,H pVdwkH. eek r,g, rlofCykVdq,

[āā   aa]
• • • u aa]
[ u • • u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] • u]
[ u • [] [ āā] • [ōō ] •
taeuyVd,ga,e odVgUg, Xrfrlof aWqdwlof, elof qVgUg, ...ay

ay.... ugryVd`g[geH
[ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ āā āā ]
• • • [aa ōō] • [ēē  ōō]• • [ōō] [ āā āā ] • • • [ēē] [āā  āā āā aa]
• • • •
olyqrlof tufcgwlof. oVH aw,, rlofCykVdq,

aw tgqdodqqfq ClofVodqqfq rkac tHUPgwH
ū  ōō]
[ū • • [aa āā ōō] • • [ aa] • [ēē] [ōō ] • [āā  aa ]
• • • [ōō  aa ]
• • • [ ēē] • [aa  āā aa]• • •
yufcdwfwH, e wfaoo rufuwd,g tHUPgaw tHUPgwH yufcdwfwH. oVH aw,, rlofCykVdq,

aw
[aa ii aa]
• • [] [ē ] • [aa  āā] • • [aa  āā ēē]
• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa] • • [ aa] • [ēē] [ōō ] •
uEf[qyfyqfq rkac tHUPgwH yufcdwfwH, e wfaoo rufuwd,g tHUPgaw tHUPgwH

[aa  aa aa ]
• • • • [ ēē] • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii aa] • • [] [ē ] • [aa  āā] • • [aa  āā ēē]
• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
yufcdwfwH. oVH aw,, rlofCykVdq,

aw tHUgVugqk,g tgWdwfwg, qrfyPfPvdwg,
[aa ii aa]
• • [ aa] • [ēē] [ōō ] • [aa āā  āā  āā]
• • • • • [āā ii āā ]
• • • [aa aa  āā ]
• • • •
qPlofwdZlwg, tHUPgwH yufcdwfwH, e wfaoo rufuwd,g tHUPgaw tHUPgwH

[ ōō  ū
• ū āā ] • • • • [aa  āā aa] • • • [aa ii aa] • • [] [ē ] • [aa  āā] • • [aa  āā ēē]
• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
34
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
yufcdwfwH. wH udqfq a[wk? wwlofedWgeNf[d, rlofCykVdq, rVEH og edUpfaQ,f,

[aa ii aa] • • [aa] [ii ] • [ēē ] • [ ōō  āā aa ]
• • • • • [ōō ] • [ aa] • [āā] [ aa  ]
• • • u [k]
rVErwfwH og WkufcH; e wfaoo wyfypfp,g ug,qfq aZWg yVH rVEg c [kʰ]
[ aa aa] • • [āā] u aa]
[u • [] [ē ] • [aa aa  āā] • • • [āā aa ]• • [ēē āā] • [ aa] • [ āā] •
U [g]
tyg,H WkUfUwd H odedygwH edV,H tkyyPfaP,f,. tdwlofedWgeNfp clof, rlofCykVdq,
C [gʰ]
[ āā aa]
• • u  ii]
[u • • [ āā aa] • • [ aa] • [ aa  ] • • • [ ōō  āā aa ]
• • • • • [ōō] [ōō ] •
i [ṅ]
ug,qfq aZWg yVH rVEg tyg,H WkUfUwd H odedygwH edV,H tkyyPfaP,f,.
[āā aa ]
• • [ēē āā] • [ aa] • [ āā] • [ āā aa]
• • u  ii]
[u • • [ āā aa] • • [ aa] • [ aa  ]• • • p [c]
wwfx egr wfoH, rlofCykVdq, ,H wfoH tqWfXrfrH UgrXrfrH oqvXrfrH Q [cʰ]
[aa ] • [āā ] • [a] [ōō ] • [aa] [a] [ aa aa aa]
• • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [ aa aa] • •
P [j]
WkwfIkvfvH tlofWuefwduH V[qfqH Wfo,HWfo,qrgywfwd H qrgyPfPdqfqqd. aewH, ™ [jʰ]
u u
[u u aa] • • [ōō  aa  aa]
• • • • [ aa aa]
• • [ aa  āā aa ii]
• • • • • [ āā aa ii ]
• • • • [ēē aa] •
N [ñ]
rlofCykVdq, tyfyqefegeH og yqgWg, ...ay
ay.... atoNfp ye
ye,, ao,,
Zdufcao tdrH
[ōō ]• [aa  aa āā aa]
• • • • [āā] [ āā āā ]
• • • [ēē] [ēē aa ]
• • [] [ii  ēē] • • [ aa]• T [ṭ]
qdufcgyWH tkWfWdaq,f,gx> I [ṭʰ]
[ii āā  aa]
• • • u   āā ]
[u • • • •
J [ḍ]
1 -79 ,lof ye Zdufck arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqao,f, tefwrqlof
[ōō] [] [ii ] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē  ]• • • [aa  ōō] • •
$ [ḍʰ]
wdVpfQgeUwg,yd, ygVgPdulof [lofwd tqHogqlof”wd. E [ṇ]

[ aa āā  āā ]
• • • • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ōō ] • [ aa āā ōō ]
• • • •
w [t]
1 -80 atoNfpdWH ZUowg ZdufcleH qdufcgyWH yNfNwfwH [lofwd. x [tʰ]
[ēē aa  aa]
• • • [ āā] • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa]• • [ōō ] •
W [d]
X [dʰ]
1 -81 rufuwDowfxk edwfIdwH.
[aa   aa ] • • • • [ii  aa] • • e [n]
y [p]
z [pʰ]
Y [b]
( 1 -1.1.1.3
1.1.1.3))
qefxwZgEogV ( 1 -1.1.1.3
1.1.1.3))
Z [bʰ]
# #
[aa •  • āā •  • āā • ] r [m]
, [y]
1 -82 awe clof ye qra,e qrfY[kvg aoqgvdug oPfPdykwfwug Zdufcl
V [r]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ēē āā  āā]
• • • [aa  u
u  āā]
• • • • [ii ū
ū]
•
v [l]
,goWwfxH H , ,goWwfxH
ZkNfPdqk H ,
qkydqk ,goWwfxH H .
ef[g,dqk ,goWwfxH
[āā  aa aa]
• • • u ii ]
[u • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [ ii ] • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [ā ii ] • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • o [v]
ZkNfPdwfog ,goWwfxH qkydwfog ,goWwfxH ef[g,dwfog t,lofedqlof reqd uVdwfog q [s]

u ii ā]
[u • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [ ii ā] • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [ā ii ā]• • [ ōō  ōō]
• • • [] [ ii ā] • •
[ [h]
qdufcH typfpufcg, WkYfYvf,H tegoduwfog arxkeH XrfrH H .
ywdaqodqk aw
[ii aa] • [ aa aa āā ]
• • • • u aa a]
[u • • [ āā  aa ā]
• • • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ii ]
• • • [ēē]
` [ḷ]
tyaVe qra,e NgwdYf,qaeeyd zkwfIg ZlofUYf,qaeeyd zkwfIg VlofUYf,qaeeyd tH [ŋ̊]

[ ēē ] • • [ ēē ] • • [āā ii  ēē ]
• • • • u āā]
[u • [ōō  ēē ]
• • • u āā]
[u • [ōō  ēē ]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
35
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
zkwfIg tg,qfrefwH tgeefWH tkyqHurdwfog atoH oWefwd> e r,H, Zefaw tgeefW,

u āā]
[u • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [āā aa aa]
• • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [ēē aa]
• [ aa ] • • [] [ aa] • [aa ēē] • [āā aa ]
• •
YkWfXUV[delof e XrfrUV[delof e qHCUV[delof; twfwUV[delof r,H, Zefaw

u  ōō]
[u • • [] [aa  ōō] • • [] [aa  ōō] • • [aa  ōō]• • [ aa] • [aa ēē] •
tgeefW, teNfNUV[delof. r,arorf[g tvufcdug r,H tyfyykNfNg, a, r,H

[āā aa ]
• • [ aa  ōō]
• • • [ ēē aa ā] • • • [ aa  āā]
• • • [ aa] • [aa  u
u āā]
• • • [ēē] [ aa] •
atoH qfogufcgaw Xrfrodea, yYfYPdwfog egqufcdrf[g ,goPDoH yVdykEfEH

[ēē aa]
• [ āā ēē] • • [aa  ēē] • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [āā aa ii ā]
• • • [āā   aa]
• • • u aa]
[ u • •
yVdqkWfXH YfV[frpVd,H pVdwkH. tdWged apyd r,H, Zefaw tgeefW, vaZ,f,gr

u aa]
[ u • • [ aa] • u]
[ u • [ āā ]
• • [ēē ] • [ aa] • [aa ēē] • [āā aa ]
• • [  āā ]
• • •
ZUowlof qefwdau yYfYPfPH vaZ,f,gr tkyqrfyWH, tdWgedyd r,H odyqfqug

[ ōō] • [aa  ēē] • • [aa aa aa] • • [  āā ] • • • [ aa  aa] • • • [ āā ]
• • [ aa] • [ aa  āā]
• • •
ukqvgeH XrfrgeH ykYfYVwfwgyVVwfwH YlofXdyufcdugeH XrfrgeH

[ āā aa] • • [aa āā aa] • • u  aa āā  aa aa]
[u • • • • • • [ōō  aa  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa āā aa] • •
Zgoegek,lofUrek,kwfwg gr..
od[aV,f,gr qgXk, Zefaw tgeefW, ZUowlof atwrwfxH
[āā  āā  ōō  u
• u āā]
• • • • • • [  āā ] • • • [āā ] • [aa ēē] • [āā aa ]• • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • •
p[D””wd. atorgokqlof”wd clof tg,qfrg tgeefWlof aoqgvdugeH

tgVlofap[D oPfPdykwfwugeH
[āā ōō ēē  ]
• • • • [ēē  āā  ōō ]
• • • • • [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [āā aa ōō]
• • [ēē āā  āā aa]
• • • • [aa  u
u  āā aa]
• • • • •
ywdqfqkEdwfog a,e ZUog awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog ZUowlof atwrwfxH

[ ii  ii ā]
• • • • [ēē ] • [ āā] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • •
tgVlofapqd.
• • •
1 -83 twfIgearwH, tgeefW, teougqlof ,H wxgUwlof oPfPDeH og

[aa āā  ēē aa]
• • • • [āā aa ]• • [ āā ōō] • • [aa] [ āā  ōō] • • • [aa  aa] • • [āā]
oPfPdykwfwugeH og ugVEg qgougeH ygVgPduH qdufcgyWH yNfNwfwH

[aa  u
u  āā aa]
• • • • • [āā] [āā  āā] • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [āā āā  aa]
• • • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa] • •
qrl[ae,f,gg””wd.
ū   āā ]
[ ū• • • • •
1 -84 tx clof ZUog atwqfrd H edWgae atwqfrd H yuVaE Xrfrd H uxH

[] [ōō] [ āā] • [ēē aa i]
• • [ āā ēē]
• • [ēē aa i]
• • [ ēē] • [aa ii] • [ aa]
•
uwfog Zdufcl tgrefawqd> ,lof, Zdufcao

ao,, qdufcH typfpufcg, WkYfYvf,H tegoduwfog
[aa ā]
• [ii ū
ū] • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [ōō] [ii  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [ aa aa āā ]
• • • • u aa a]
[u • • [ āā  aa ā]
• • • •
arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqowd qlof tgUwlof e tkyqrfygaWwYfYlof. ,lof p clof,

[ēē  aa]
• • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [ōō] [āā  ōō]
• • [] [ aa āā ēē aa ōō]
• • • • • [ōō] [] [ōō]
ao,,
Zdufcao qdufcH ypfpufcg, WkYfYvf,H tgoduwfog arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqowd qlof
[ii  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • • u aa a]
[u • • [āā  aa ā]
• • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [ōō]
tgUwlof tkyqrfygaWwYfYlof. atoNfp ye

ye,, ao,,
Zdufcao tdrH qdufcgyWH tkWfWdaq,f,gx>
[āā  ōō]
• • [ aa āā ēē aa ōō]
• • • • • [ēē aa ]
• • [] [ii  ēē] • • [ aa] • [ii āā  aa]
• • • u   āā ]
[u • • • •
1 -85 ,lof ye Zdufck ZdufcleH qdufcgqgPDoqrgyefelof qdufcH

[ōō] [] [ii ] • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii āā āā   āā aa ōō]
• • • • • • • [ii aa] •
typfpufcg, WkYfYvf,H tegoduwfog arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqao,f,, tefwrqlof

[ aa aa āā ]
• • • • u aa a]
[u • • [ āā  aa ā]
• • • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē  ] • • • [aa  ōō] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
36
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
wdVpfQgeUwg,yd, ygVgPdulof [lofwd tqHogqlof”wd.

[ aa āā  āā ]
• • • • • [āā āā  ōō] • • • [ōō ] • [ aa āā ōō ]
• • • • (1:1) u [k]
1 -86 ,lof yegwd ,lof ,gWdqlof ,xg,kwfwlof ,xgPpfplof ,xgegrlof c [kʰ]
[ōō] [ āā ] • • [ōō] [āā  ōō]
• • [ āā u
u ōō] • • • [ āā aa ōō]
• • • [ āā āā ōō]
• • •
U [g]
,xgUlwfwlof ,xgqDvlof ,xgod[gVD ,xgUlofpVlof axVlof og eolof og rPf™drlof og.
C [gʰ]
[ āā  ōō]
• • • [ āā  ōō]
• • • [ āā  āā ] • • • • [ āā ōō  ōō]
• • • • [ēē ōō] • [āā] [ ōō] • [āā] [aa  ōō] • • [āā]
i [ṅ]
atqlof okpfpwd ,lof yeg”wd.
[ēē ōō]
• u ]
[u • [ōō] [ āā ] • • p [c]
1 -87 Zdufclwd Zdufculofwd Zdufck, ZdufcgpVd,H tPf™kyUwlofwd Zdufck, Q [cʰ]
[ii ū
ū ] • • [ii  ōō ] • • • [ii ] • [ii āā  aa] • • • [aa  ōō ]
• • • [ii ] •
P [j]
ZdefeywXVlofwd Zdufck, qrNfNg, Zdufck, ywdNfNg, Zdufck, at[d Zdufclwd Zdufck, ™ [jʰ]
[ii  ōō ]
• • • [ii ] • [ aa āā ]• • • [ii ] • [ ii āā ] • • • [ii ] • [ēē ]
• [ii ū
ū ] • • [ii ] •
N [ñ]
wD[d qVEUrae[d tkyqrfyefelofwd Zdufck, ZWfVlof Zdufck, qgVlof Zdufck, aqclof
[ ]
• [ ēē ] • • [ aa aa ōō ] • • • • [ii ] • [aa ō] • [ii ] • [āā ōō] • [ii ] • [ēē ōō]• T [ṭ]
Zdufck, taqclof Zdufck, qrUfaUe qHaCe Nwfwdpwkwfaxe urfare tukyfaye I [ṭʰ]
[ii ] • [ ēē ōō] • • [ii ] • [ aa ēē ]• • • [aa ēē ] • • [aa  u
u ēē ] • • • • [aa ēē ] • • u ēē ]
[ u • • •
J [ḍ]
IgegVa[e tkyqrfyefelofwd Zdufck. wwfV ,fog,H Zdufck qrUfaUe qHaCe $ [ḍʰ]
[āā āā  ēē ]
• • • • [ aa aa ōō ]• • • • [ii ] • [aa ]• [ā aa] • [ii ] • [ aa ēē ]
• • • [aa ēē ]
• •
E [ṇ]
Nwfwdpwkwfaxe urfare tukyfaye IgegVa[e tkyqrfyefelof, t,H tdrqfrd H
[aa  u
u ēē ]
• • • • [aa ēē ] • • u ēē ]
[ u • • • [āā āā  ēē ]
• • • • [ aa aa ōō] • • • [ aa]
• [ aa i]
• • w [t]
twfax tXdyfaywlof Zdufclwd. x [tʰ]

[aa ēē]
• [ ii ēē ōō]
• • • [ii ū
ū ] • •
W [d]
1 -88 qdufcgwd wdqfqlof qdufcg> tXdqDvqdufcgg,, tXdpdwfwqdufcgg,, X [dʰ]
[ii āā ] • • [ii ōō] • [ii āā]• [   ii āā] • • • • [ ii  ii āā]
• • • •
e [n]
tXdyNfNgqdufcgg.. wwfV ,g,H tXdqDvqdufcgg,, t,H tdrqfrd H twfax tXdyfaywg
[ aa āā ii āā]
• • • • [aa ]
• [āā aa] • [   ii āā] • • • • [ aa] • [ aa i]
• • [aa ēē] • [ ii ēē āā]
• • •
y [p]
qdufcgwd. z [pʰ]
[ii āā ] • •
Y [b]
1 -89 qgPDoH egr ,H ZUowg yNfNwfwH qdufcgyWH, atwH qgPDoH Z [bʰ]

[āā  aa]
• • [āā ] • [aa] [ āā] • [aa aa aa] • • [ii āā  aa] • • • [ēē aa]
• [āā  aa] • •
r [m]
egr..
egr wqfrd H qdufcwd, awe okpfpwd qgPDoqrgyefelofwd.
, [y]
[āā ] • [aa i] • [ii ] • [ēē ] • u ]
[u • [āā   āā aa ōō ]
• • • • • •
V [r]
1 -90 qdufcH typfpufcg, WkYfYvf,H tegoduwfogwd twfxd, Zdufcao
ao,,
[ii aa] • [ aa aa āā ]
• • • • u aa a]
[u • • [ āā  aa ā ]
• • • • • [aa ] • [ii  ēē] • • v [l]
WkYfYvf,godurfrNfapo gwg;; twfxd, Zdufcao
[lofwd qdufcg p typfpufcgwg ao,, o [v]
u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [] [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [aa ] • [ii  ēē] • •
q [s]
WkYfYvf,godurfrNfapo gwg..
[lofwd qdufcg p ypfpufcgwg [ [h]
u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [] [aa aa āā āā] • • •
` [ḷ]
1 -91 uxNfp, Zdufcao
ao,, WkYfYvf,godurfrNfapo [lofwd qdufcg p
[ aa ] • • [ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [] tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
37
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
gwg.. tdX, Zdufcao

typfpufcgwg ao,, Zdufck tkufuEfIdwlof teZdVwlof qgrNfNg podwkugrlof
[ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [] [ii  ēē] • • [ii ] • u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā] • • [ āā ōō] • •
ZdufckZgoH twfwD,rgelof [Vg,rgelof PdUkpfQrgelof Ud[dZgoH ywfx,rgelof

[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō] • • •
tkygquZgoH ywfx,rgelof tgVgrduZgoH ywfx,rgelof qgraEVZgoH ywfx,rgelof

[ āā  āā aa]
• • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [āā āā  āā aa]
• • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [āā  ēē  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • •
wdwfxd,ZgoH ywfx,rgelof wdwfxd,qgouZgoH ywfx,rgelof tqfqrEZgoH

[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ii  āā  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
ywfx,rgelof tquf,ykwfwd,ZgoH ywfx,rgelof> ,efeleg[H YkWfXH e””wd

ypfpufac,f,e
[aa  āā ōō]
• • • [ aa  u
•u  āā aa] • • • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • u aa]
[u • [aa aa  aa ]
• • • •
oWwd odNfNgaywd. atorfyd, Zdufcao

[] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • []
gwg..
typfpufcgwg
[ aa aa āā āā]
• • • •
1 -92 tx og ye tkufuEfIdwlof teZdVwlof qgrNfNg podwkugrlof

[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā ōō] • •
ZdufckZgoH twfwD,rgelof [Vg,rgelof PdUkpfQrgelof Ud[dZgoH ywfx,rgelof ...ay

ay....
[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ēē]
tquf,ykwfwd,ZgoH ywfx,rgelof> ,efeleg[H XrfrH e””wd oWwd

ypfpufac,f,e
[ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [aa aa] • [aa aa  aa ] • • • • []
odNfNgaywd ...ay
ay.... ,efeleg[H qHCH ... ,efeleg[H qdufcH ... ,efeleg[H ode,H ...
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [aa aa] • … [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [ii aa] • … [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [ aa] • …
,efeleg[H ygwdrlufcH ... ,efeleg[H tkWfaWqH ... ,efeleg[H tkyPf™g,H ...

[aa ū
ū āā aa]
• • • [āā   aa]
• • • … [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • u ēē aa]
[u • • … [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [ aa āā aa]
• • • …
,efeleg[H tgpVd,H ... ,efeleg[H qWfXdod[gVduH ... ,efeleg[H tefawogqduH ...

[aa ū
• • • [āā  aa]
• • … [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [aa  āā  aa]
• • • • … [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [aa ēē āā  aa]
• • • • …
,efeleg[H qrgekyPf™g,uH ... ,efeleg[H qrgegpVd,uH ... ,efeleg[H

[aa ū
• • • [ āā  aa āā  aa]
• • • • • • … [aa ū
• • • [ āā āā  aa]
• • • • … [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • •
e””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd. ,efeleg[H

qYfV[frpgVd H ypfpufac,f,e e””wd oWwd
Ud[D tqfqe
[ āā ii] • • [aa aa  aa ] • • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [ ] • [aa aa ]
• • []
odNfNgaywd. ,efeleg[H e””wd ... ,efeleg[H

tkygqulof tqfqe e””wd ...
tgVgrdulof tqfqe
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [aa ū
• • • [ āā  ōō]
• • • [aa aa ]
• • … [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [āā āā  ōō] • • • [aa aa ] • • …
,efeleg[H e””wd ... ,efeleg[H

qgraEVlof tqfqe e””wd ...
wdwfxd,lof tqfqe
[aa ū
• • • [āā  ēē ōō]
• • • [aa aa ]• • … [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [ii  ōō] • • [aa aa ] • • …
,efeleg[H e””wd ... ,efeleg[H

wdwfxd,qgoulof tqfqe e””wd ...
tqfqrElof tqfqe
[aa ū
• • • [ii  āā  ōō]
• • • • [aa aa ]• • … [aa ū
ū āā aa] • • • [aa  ōō] • • [aa aa ]
• • …
,efeleg[H e””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd. atorfyd, Zdufcao

tquf,ykwfwd,lof tqfqe ao,,
[aa ū
• • • [ aa  u
• u  ōō] • • • • [aa aa ]
• • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē] • •
[lofwd qdufcg p typfpufcgwg
u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
• • • •

[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā ōō] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
38
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1

ay....
[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa]
• • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ēē] u [k]
tquf,ykwfwd,ZgoH ywfx,rgelof> ,Wd yeg[H YkWfXH e””wd oWwd
ypfpufac,f,e c [kʰ]
[ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [] [ āā aa] • • u aa]
[u • [aa aa  aa ]
• • • • []
U [g]
odNfNgaywd ...ay
ay.... ,Wd yeg[H e””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...ay
tquf,ykwfwd,lof tqfqe ay....
C [gʰ]
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [] [ āā aa]• • [ aa  u
• u  ōō] • • • • [aa aa ]
• • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē]
i [ṅ]
tyg[H YkWfXH e””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...ay
ypfpufac,f,e ay.... tyg[H tquf,ykwfwd,lof
[ āā aa]
• • u aa]
[u • [aa aa  aa ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē] [ āā aa]• • [ aa  u
• u  ōō]
• • • • p [c]
e””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...ay
tqfqe ay.... [efWg[H YkWfXH e””wd oWwd
ypfpufac,f,e Q [cʰ]
[aa aa ]
• • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [aa āā aa] • • u aa]
[u • [aa aa  aa ]
• • • • []
P [j]
odNfNgaywd ...ay
ay.... [efWg[H e””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...ay
tquf,ykwfwd,lof tqfqe ay.... ™ [jʰ]
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [aa āā aa] • • [ aa  u
• u  ōō]
• • • • [aa aa ] • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē]
N [ñ]
[lofwd ar YkWfXH e””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...ay
ypfpufac,f,e ay.... [lofwd ar
[ōō ]
• [ēē] u aa]
[u • [aa aa  aa ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē] [ōō ] • [ēē] T [ṭ]
e””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd. atorfyd, Zdufcao
tquf,ykwfwd,lof tqfqe ao,, I [ṭʰ]
[ aa  u
• u  ōō]
• • • • [aa aa ]
• • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē]
• •
J [ḍ]
[lofwd qdufcg p typfpufcgwg $ [ḍʰ]
u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
• • • •
E [ṇ]
[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā] • • [ āā ōō] • • w [t]
ay.... x [tʰ]
[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa]
• • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ēē]
W [d]
tquf,ykwfwd,ZgoH ywfx,rgelof rgwVH qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... ydwVH
qVgrD X [dʰ]
[ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [āā  aa] • • [ āā  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [ aa] •
e [n]
qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... ZgwVH
qVgrD qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... ZUded H
qVgrD
[ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • … [āā  aa] • • [ āā  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [ ii] • y [p]
qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... ykwfwH qVgrD

qVgrD qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... XDwVH z [pʰ]
[ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • … u aa]
[u • [ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [  aa]
• •
Y [b]
qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... yPgywd H
qVgrD qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... Ngwau
qVgrD Z [bʰ]
[ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • … [ āā  ii] • • • [ āā  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [āā  ēē] • •
r [m]
qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... rdwfaw qVgrD
qVgrD qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... UgrH
[ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • … [ii ēē] • [ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [āā aa]
• , [y]
qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... edUrH
qVgrD qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... acwfwH
qVgrD V [r]
[ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • … [ aa] • [ āā  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ aa] •
v [l]
qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... owfxkH
qVgrD qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... [dVNfNH
qVgrD o [v]
[ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • … [aa u
u] • [ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ aa aa]
• •
q [s]
qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... qkoEfEH
qVgrD qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... qdyfyH
qVgrD
[ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • … [ aa aa]
• • [ āā  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [ii aa] • [ [h]
qVgrD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... ykYfaY

qVgrD [qdwH vydwH VgrD””wd
uD`dwH qrekqfqVgrD oWwd ` [ḷ]
[ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • … u ēē]
[u • [ aa] • [ aa] • [  aa]
• • u  āā  ]
[ u • • • • • []
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
39
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
odNfNgaywd. atorfyd, Zdufcao

ao,, WkYfYvf,godurfrNfapo gwg..
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē]• • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
• • • •

[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā ōō] • •

ay....
[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u• • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [ēē]
tquf,ykwfwd,ZgoH ywfx,rgelof> rgwg ar twfxd, qg r,g ylofaqwYfYgg””wd oWwd

[ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [āā āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [āā] [ āā] • [ōō ēē aa āā ]
• • • • []
odNfNgaywd ... ydwg ar twfxd, qlof r,g ylofaqwYfYlof”wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... Zgwg
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [ōō] [ āā] • [ōō ēē aa ōō ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [āā āā] •
ar twfxd, qlof r,g ylofaqwYfYlof”wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... ZUdeD ar twfxd, qg

[ēē] [aa ] • [ōō] [ āā] • [ōō ēē aa ōō ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [ ] • [ēē] [aa ] • [āā]
r,g ylofaqwYfYgg””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... ykwfwlof ar twfxd, qlof r,g

[ āā] • [ōō ēē aa āā ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … u ōō]
[u • [ēē] [aa ] • [ōō] [ āā] •
ylofaqwYfYlof”wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... XDwg ar twfxd, qg r,g ylofaqwYfYgg””wd oWwd

[ōō ēē aa ōō ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [āā] [ āā] • [ōō ēē aa āā ]
• • • • []
odNfNgaywd ... yPgywd ar twfxd, qg r,g ylofaqwYfYgg””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...

[ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ āā ] • • [ēē] [aa ] • [āā] [ āā]• [ōō ēē aa āā ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • …
Ngwug ar twfxd, aw r,g ylofaqwYfYgg””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... rdwfwg ar twfxd,

[āā  āā]
• • [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē] [ āā] • [ōō ēē aa āā ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ii āā] • [ēē] [aa ] •
aw r,g ylofaqwYfYgg””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd. atorfyd, Zdufcao

ao,, WkYfYvf,godurfrNfapo
[ēē] [ āā] • [ōō ēē aa āā ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • •
gwg..
[ōō ]• [ii āā] • [] [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • •

[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā ōō] • •

ay....
[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u• • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [ēē]
tquf,ykwfwd,ZgoH ywfx,rgelof> rgwg ar twfxd, qg rH wD””wd oWwd

ylofaqqfqwD
[ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [āā āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [āā] [aa] [ōō    ]
• • • • []
odNfNgaywd ... ydwg ar twfxd, qlof rH wD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... Zgwg
ylofaqqfqwD
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [ōō] [aa] [ōō    ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [āā āā] •
ar twfxd, qlof rH wD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... ZUdeD ar

ylofaqqfqwD twfxd, qg
[ēē] [aa ] • [ōō] [aa] [ōō    ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ ] • [ēē] [aa ] • [āā]
rH wD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... ykwfwlof ar

ylofaqqfqwD twfxd, qlof rH wD””wd
ylofaqqfqwD
[aa] [ōō    ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … u ōō]
[u • [ēē] [aa ] • [ōō] [aa] [ōō    ]
• • • •
oWwd odNfNgaywd ... XDwg ar twfxd, qg rH wD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...

ylofaqqfqwD
[] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [ āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [āā] [aa] [ōō    ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • …
yPgywd ar twfxd, qg rH wD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... Ngwug ar

ylofaqqfqwD
[ āā ]
• • [ēē] [aa ] • [āā] [aa] [ōō    ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [āā  āā] • • [ēē]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
40
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
twfxd, aw rH ylofaqqfqefwDD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... rdwfwg ar twfxd, aw

[aa ] • [ēē] [aa] [ōō  aa  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [ii āā] • [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē] u [k]
rH ylofaqqfqefwDD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... Ugrlof ar twfxd, aweg[H grD””wd
PDodqfqgrD c [kʰ]
[aa] [ōō  aa  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [āā ōō] • [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē āā aa]
• • [ ii āā  ]
• • • •
U [g]
oWwd odNfNgaywd ... edUrlof ar twfxd, aweg[H grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...
PDodqfqgrD
C [gʰ]
[] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ ōō] • [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē āā aa]
• • [ ii āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • …
i [ṅ]
acwfwH ar twfxd, aweg[H grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... owfxk ar
PDodqfqgrD twfxd,
[ aa] • [ēē] [aa ]
• [ēē āā aa]
• • [ ii āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [aa ] • [ēē] [aa ] • p [c]
aweg[H grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... [dVNfNH
PDodqfqgrD ar twfxd, aweg[H Q [cʰ]
[ēē āā aa]
• • [ ii āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ aa aa] • • [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē āā aa] • •
P [j]
grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... qkoEfEH
PDodqfqgrD ar twfxd, aweg[H grD””wd
PDodqfqgrD ™ [jʰ]
[ ii āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ aa aa] • • [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē āā aa]
• • [ ii āā  ]
• • • •
N [ñ]
oWwd odNfNgaywd ... qdyfyH ar twfxd, aweg[H grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd.
PDodqfqgrD
[] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ii aa] • [ēē] [aa ] • [ēē āā aa]
• • [ ii āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • T [ṭ]
atorfyd, Zdufcao
ao,, WkYfYvf,godurfrNfapo gwg..
[lofwd qdufcg p typfpufcgwg I [ṭʰ]
[ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
• • • •
J [ḍ]
1 -97 tx og ye tkufuEfIdwlof teZdVwlof qgrNfNg podwkugrlof $ [ḍʰ]
[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā ōō] • •
E [ṇ]
ay....
[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ēē] w [t]
tquf,ykwfwd,ZgoH ywfx,rgelof Ve””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... e
WkufuVe Ve””wd
qkuVe x [tʰ]
[ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • u  aa ]
[u • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [] [ aa ] • •
W [d]
Ve””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... e
oWwd odNfNgaywd ... WkpfpVe Ve””wd oWwd
qkpVe X [dʰ]
[] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … u  aa ]
[u • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [] [ aa ] • • []
e [n]
odNfNgaywd ... e [grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... e
tkqfq[grD [grD””wd
odq[grD oWwd odNfNgaywd
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [] u  āā  ]
[u • • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [] [ āā  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • y [p]
... e VrgrD””wd
VrgrD rgrD””wd
oWwd odNfNgaywd ... egZdVrgrD oWwd odNfNgaywd. atorfyd clof, z [pʰ]
… [] [ āā  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [āā  āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ōō]
Y [b]
ao,,
Zdufcao WkYfYvf,godurfrNfapo gwg..
[lofwd qdufcg p typfpufcgwg Z [bʰ]
[ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
• • • •
r [m]
[ aa ] • • [ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [] , [y]
gwg?? tdX, Zdufcao

ypfpufcgwg ao,, Zdufck tkufuEfIdwlof teZdVwlof qgrNfNg podwkugrlof V [r]
[aa aa āā āā]
• • • [] [ii  ēē] • • [ii ] • u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā ōō] • •
v [l]
ay.... o [v]
[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa   āā ōō]
• • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ēē]
q [s]
tquf,ykwfwd,ZgoH ywfx,rgelof> YkWfXH grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd. atorfyd,
ypfpufcgrD
[ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • u aa]
[u • [aa aa āā  ] • • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē aa ]
• •
[ [h]
ao,,
Zdufcao WkYfYvf,godurfrNfapo gwg..
[lofwd qdufcg p ypfpufcgwg ` [ḷ]
[ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
41
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1

[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā ōō] • •

ay....
[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa   āā ōō] • • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ēē]
tquf,ykwfwd,ZgoH ywfx,rgelof> XrfrH grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... qHCH

ypfpufcgrD
[ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [aa aa] • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [aa aa]•
grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... qdufcH

ypfpufcgrD grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... ode,H
ypfpufcgrD
[aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ii aa] • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [ aa] •
grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... ygwdrlufcH

ypfpufcgrD grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...
ypfpufcgrD
[aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [āā   aa]
• • • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • …
grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... tkyPf™g,H ypfpufcgrD

tkWfaWqH ypfpufcgrD grD””wd oWwd
u ēē aa]
[u • • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [ aa āā aa]
• • • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • []
grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... qWfXdod[gVduH

odNfNgaywd ... tgpVd,H ypfpufcgrD
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [āā  aa]
• • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [aa  āā  aa]
• • • •
grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... tefawogqduH ypfpufcgrD

ypfpufcgrD grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...
[aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [aa ēē āā  aa]
• • • • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • …
qrgekyPf™g,uH grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... qrgegpVd,uH

ypfpufcgrD grD””wd
ypfpufcgrD
[ āā  aa āā  aa]
• • • • • • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ āā āā  aa]
• • • • [aa aa āā  ]• • • •
grD””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... Ud[Dwd rH

oWwd odNfNgaywd ... qYfV[frpgVd H ypfpufcgrD
[] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [ āā ii] • • [aa aa āā  ]
• • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [  ] • • [aa]
XgaV[D””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... tkygqulofwd rH

XgaV[D XgaV[D””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...
XgaV[D
[āā ēē  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • … [ āā  ōō ]
• • • • [aa] [āā ēē  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • …
tgVgrdulofwd rH XgaV[D””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... qgraEVlofwd rH

XgaV[D XgaV[D””wd oWwd
XgaV[D
[āā āā  ōō ]
• • • • [aa] [āā ēē  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … [āā  ēē ōō ]
• • • • [aa] [āā ēē  ] • • • []
odNfNgaywd ... wdwfxd,lofwd rH XgaV[D””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... wdwfxd,qgoulofwd rH

XgaV[D
[ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ii  ōō ] • • • [aa] [āā ēē  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • … [ii  āā  ōō ]
• • • • • [aa]
XgaV[D””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... tqfqrElofwd rH

XgaV[D XgaV[D””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...
XgaV[D
[āā ēē  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • … [aa  ōō ]
• • • [aa] [āā ēē  ] • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]• • • …
tquf,ykwfwd,lofwd rH XgaV[D””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd. atorfyd, Zdufcao

XgaV[D ao,,
[ aa  u
• u  ōō ]
• • • • • [aa] [āā ēē  ]
• • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē] • •
[lofwd qdufcg p ypfpufcgwg
u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]

[] [āā] [] u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā ōō] • •

ay....
[ii  āā aa]
• • • [aa   āā ōō] • • • • [ āā  āā ōō]
• • • • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ēē]
tquf,ykwfwd,ZgoH ywfx,rgelof> tvH ar YkWfaXeg”wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...ay

ay.... tvH
[ aa  u
• u  āā aa]
• • • • • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [ aa] • [ēē] u ēē āā ]
[u • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [ aa]•
ar pgVD[D””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd. atorfyd

qYfV[frpgVD[D ...ay
ay.... tx og ye ...ay
ay.... ud H ek
[ēē] [ āā   ] • • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē aa ]• • [ēē] [] [āā] [] [ēē] [ii] []
ar YkWfaXeg”wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...ay

ay.... ud H ek ar pgVD[D””wd oWwd
qYfV[frpgVD[D
[ēē] u ēē āā ]
[u • • • [] [ii āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [ii] [] [ēē] [ āā   ] • • • • []
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
42
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
odNfNgaywd ... e rrwfxlof YkWfaXeg”wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ...ay

ay.... e rrwfxlof
[ii āā ēē ] • • • … [] [ aa ōō] • • u ēē āā ]
[u • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē] [] [ aa ōō] • • u [k]
pgVD[D””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd ... qkrkwfwg[H
qYfV[frpgVD[D YkWfaXeg”wd oWwd odNfNgaywd c [kʰ]
[ āā   ] • • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • … u āā aa]
[ u • • • u ēē āā ]
[u • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • •
U [g]
...ay
ay.... qkrkwfwg[H pgVD[D””wd oWwd odNfNgaywd. atorfyd, Zdufcao
qYfV[frpgVD[D ao,,
C [gʰ]
[ēē] u āā aa]
[ u • • • [ āā   ] • • • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē aa ]
• • [ii  ēē] • •
i [ṅ]
[lofwd qdufcg p ypfpufcgwg
u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [] [aa aa āā āā]
• • • p [c]
1 -101 ,ged og yeNfNgedyd twfxd YkWfXaoopeged og Q [cʰ]
[āā ] • [āā] [ aa āā ] • • • [aa ] • u  ēē  āā ]
[u • • • • • [āā]
P [j]
Xrfraoopeged og qHCaoopeged og qdufcgaoopeged og ode,aoopeged og
[aa  ēē  āā ] • • • • • [āā] [aa  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • [āā] [ii āā ēē  āā ]
• • • • • [āā] [ ēē  āā ] • • • • [āā]
™ [jʰ]
ygwdrlufcaoopeged og tkWfaWqaoopeged og tkyPf™g,aoopeged og N [ñ]

[āā    ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā] u ēē  ēē  āā ]
[u • • • • • • [āā] [ aa āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā] T [ṭ]
tgpVd,aoopeged og qWfXdod[gVduaoopeged og tefawogqduaoopeged og I [ṭʰ]
[āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • [āā] [aa  āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā] [aa ēē āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā]
J [ḍ]
qrgekyPf™g,uaoopeged og qrgegpVd,uaoopeged og qYfV[frpgVdaoopeged
[ āā  aa āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • • • [āā] [ āā āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā] [ āā  ēē  āā ] • • • • • • $ [ḍʰ]
og Ud[daoopeged og tkygquaoopeged og tgVgrduaoopeged og E [ṇ]
[āā] [ ēē  āā ] • • • • [āā] [ āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • [āā] [āā āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • [āā]
w [t]
qgraEVaoopeged og wdwfxd,aoopeged og wdwfxd,qgouaoopeged og
[āā  ēē  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā] [ii  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • [āā] [ii  āā  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā] x [tʰ]
tqfqrEaoopeged og tquf,ykwfwd,aoopeged og, aw[d tgugaV[d aw[d vdaU[d

H W [d]
[aa  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • [āā] [ aa  u
• u  ēē  āā ]
• • • • • • • [āā] [ēē ]• [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē ] • [ii ēē ]
• •
X [dʰ]
aw[d edrdwfaw[d oWwd odNfNgaywd. atoH clof, Zdufcao
ao,, WkYfYvf,godurfrNfapo [lofwd e [n]
[ēē ]
• [ ii ēē ]• • • [] [ii āā ēē ] • • • [ēē aa]
• [ōō] [ii  ēē] • • u aa ā  aa aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • [ōō ] •
y [p]
gwg..
qdufcg p ypfpufcgwg
[ii āā] • [] [aa aa āā āā] • • •
z [pʰ]

ao,, typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg? tdX, Zdufcao
ao,, Y [b]
[ aa ] • • [ii  ēē] • • [ aa aa āā āā]

• • • • [ōō ]• [ii āā] • [] [ii  ēē] • •
Z [bʰ]
a,[d tgugaV[d a,[d vdaU[d
H a,[d edrdwfaw[d qdufcg ypfpufcgwg [lofwd aw[d r [m]
[ēē ]
• [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē ] • [ii ēē ]
• • [ēē ] • [ ii ēē ] • • • [ii āā] • [aa aa āā āā] • • • [ōō ] • [ēē ]•
, [y]
tgugaV[d aw[d vdaU[d
H aw[d edrdwfaw[d tkrfrwfwulof qdufcH ypfpufcgwd,
[āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē ] • [ii ēē ] • • [ēē ] • [ ii ēē ]
• • • u aa  ōō]
[u • • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • •
V [r]
typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg. tkrfrwfwuqfq qefwdau qdufcH ypfpufcgwd, v [l]

[ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā]
• u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • •
o [v]
typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg. cdwfwpdwfwlof qdufcH ypfpufcgwd, typfpufcgwg [lofwd q [s]

[ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā]
• [ii  ii ōō] • • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] •
[ [h]
qdufcg. cdwfwpdwfwqfq qefwdau qdufcH ypfpufcgwd, typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg.
[ii āā] • [ii  ii aa ] • • • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ]• • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] •
` [ḷ]
aoWegwfwlof qdufcH ypfpufcgwd, typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg. aoWegwfwqfq qefwdau tH [ŋ̊]

[ēē   ōō]
• • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ]
• • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ēē   aa ]
• • • • [aa  ēē] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
43
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
qdufcH ypfpufcgwd, typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg. aWowg, qefwdau qdufcH

[ii aa] • [aa aa āā ]
• • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ēē  āā ]
• • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] •
ypfpufcgwd, typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg. wdVpfQgeUwqfq qefwdau qdufcH

[aa aa āā ]
• • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ aa āā  aa ]
• • • • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] •
ypfpufcgwd, typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg. tVd,aue rdvufcqfq qefwdau qdufcH

[aa aa āā ]
• • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ ēē ] • • [ aa aa ] • • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] •
ypfpufcgwd, qlof p e ywdodPgegwd, typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg. rdvufcaue

[aa aa āā ]
• • • [ōō] [] [] [ āā āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ aa  ēē ]
• • • •
tVd,qfq qefwdau qdufcH ypfpufcgwd, qlof p e ywdodPgegwd, typfpufcgwg [lofwd

[ aa ]
• • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • • [ōō] [] [] [ āā āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] •
qdufcg. tVd,aue tVd,qfq qefwdau qdufcH ypfpufcgwd, qlof p e ywdodPgegwd,

[ii āā] • [ ēē ] • • [ aa ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ]• • • [ōō] [] [] [ āā āā ] • • •
typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg. rdvufcaue rdvufcqfq qefwdau qdufcH ypfpufcgwd,

[ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ aa  ēē ] • • • • [ aa aa ]
• • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • •
qlof p e ywdodPgegwd, typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg. Wog, qdufcH ypfpufcgwd,

[ōō] [] [] [ āā āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ āā ] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • •
typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg. Vog, qdufcH ypfpufcgwd, typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg.

[ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ āā ] • • [ii aa] • [aa aa āā ] • • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā]
•
tqgaowkugrlof qgaowd, typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg. qgaowkugrlof e qgaowd,

[ āā ēē  āā ōō]
• • • • • [āā ēē ]
• • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [āā ēē  āā ōō]
• • • • [] [āā ēē ]
• •
typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg. todNfNkqfq qgaowd, typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg.

[ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ ii u
u ]
• • • [āā ēē ] • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] •
odNfNkqfq e qgaowd, typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg. qYfYqlof og ye e qgaowd,

[ii u
u ] • • [] [āā ēē ]
• • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [aa  ōō] • • [āā] [] [] [āā ēē ]• •
typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg. atoH clof, Zdufcao

ao,, typfpufcgwg [lofwd qdufcg.
[ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] • [ēē aa]
• [ōō] [ii  ēē] • • [ aa aa āā āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [ii āā] •
1 -103 arxkeXrfrlof egr ,lof qlof tqWfXrfrlof UgrXrfrlof

[ēē  aa ōō] • • • [āā ] • [ōō] [ōō] [ aa aa ōō]
• • • [āā  aa ōō]
• • •
oqvXrfrlof WkwfIkvfvH tlofWuefwduH V[qfqH Wfo,HWfo,qrgywfwd, atqlof

[ aa ōō] • • u u
[u u aa] • • [ōō  aa  aa]
• • • • [ aa aa]
• • [ aa  āā aa ]
• • • • • [ēē ōō] •
arxkeXrfrlof egr..
egr
[ēē  aa ōō]
• • • [āā ] •
1 -104 ywdaqowd egr ,lof edrdwfawe edrdwfwH tHUPgawe tHUPgwH

[ ēē ] • • [āā ] • [ōō] [ ii ēē ]
• • • [ ii aa]• • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
tefwrqlof wdvzvrwfwrfyd yaoaqwd, atqlof ywdaqowd egr

egr..
[aa  ōō]
• • [ aa aa ] • • • [ ēē ēē ] • • • [ēē ōō]
• [ ēē ] • • [āā ] •
1 -105 tefwrqlof wdVpfQgeUwg,yDwd wdVpfQgeUwdwfxd,gyd arxkeH

[aa  ōō] • • [ aa āā  āā   ]
• • • • • • • [ aa āā  ii  āā ]
• • • • • • • [ēē  aa] • •
XrfrH ywdaqodwfog tqfqrElof [lofwd tquf,ykwfwd,lof, yaUo rekqfqdwfxd,gg.. awe

[aa aa] • [ ēē ii ā] • • • [aa  ōō] • • [ōō ] • [ aa  u
•u  ōō] • • • • [ ēē ] • • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [ēē ] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
44
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
geUwg,yD””wd.
okpfpwd> tefwrqlof wdVpfQgeUwg,yD
u ]
[u • [aa  ōō]
• • [ aa āā  āā   ]
• • • • • • • u [k]
1 -106 ygVgPdulof [lofwDwd aq,f,xgyd egr ykVdqlof qDqpfQdefelof tZYfYlof c [kʰ]
[āā āā  ōō]• • • [ōō  ] • • [  āā ] • • • [āā ] • [ ōō] • [ aa ii ōō]
• • • [ aa ōō]• •
U [g]
awe qVDVYefXaee PDodwkH; atoaro Zdufck arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqodwfog
C [gʰ]
[ēē ]
• [   aa  ēē ]
• • • • • • u]
[  u • • [ēē  ēē ]
• • • [ii ] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ii ā] • • •
i [ṅ]
tqfqrElof [lofwd tquf,ykwfwd,lof. awe okpfpwd> ygVgPdulof [lofwDD””wd.
[aa  ōō]
• • [ōō ] • [ aa  u
•u  ōō] • • • • [ēē ] • u ]
[u • [āā āā  ōō]• • • [ōō  ] • • p [c]
1 -107 tqHogqlofwd qHogqlof egr atuurfrH atukWfaWqlof qrqdufcwg> Q [cʰ]
[ aa āā ōō ]
• • • • [aa āā ōō] • • [āā ] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ēē u
u ēē ōō]
• • • [ ii  āā] • • •
P [j]
atqlof qHogqlof egr..
egr qlof awe qWfXd H ewfxd. awe okpfpwd> tqHogqlof”wd.
™ [jʰ]
[ēē ōō]
• [aa āā ōō]• • [āā ] • [ōō] [ēē ] • [aa ii] • [aa ] • [ēē ] • u ]
[u • [ aa āā ōō ]
• • • •
N [ñ]
1 -108 wdqfqlof tdwfxd,lof> rekqfqdwfxDD,, trekqfqdwfxDD,, wdVpfQgeUwdwfxDD..
[ii ōō] • [ii  ōō]
• • u ii ]
[ u • • • u ii ]
[ u • • • [ aa āā  ii ]
• • • • • T [ṭ]
w,lof tkZwlYf,NfPeug> rekqfqkZwlYf,NfPeulof, trekqfqkZwlYf,NfPeulof, I [ṭʰ]
[ ōō] • [ ōō a  āā]
• • • • u  ōō a  ōō]
[ u • • • • • • u  ōō a  ōō]
[ u • • • • • •
J [ḍ]
wdVpfQgeUwkZwlYf,NfPeulof. w,lof yEfPug> rekqfqyEfPulof, trekqfqyEfPulof, $ [ḍʰ]
[ aa āā  ōō a  ōō]
• • • • • • • [ ōō] • [aa  āā] • • u  aa  ōō]
[ u • • • • • u  aa  ōō]
[ u • • • • •
E [ṇ]
wdVpfQgeUwyEfPulof. w,lof ykVdqg> rekqfqykVdqlof, trekqfqykVdqlof,
[ aa āā  aa  ōō]
• • • • • • [ ōō] • [ āā] • u  ōō]
[ u • • • u  ōō]
[ u • • • w [t]
wdVpfQgeUwykVdqlof. x [tʰ]
[ aa āā  ōō]
• • • •
W [d]
1 -109 rekqfqdwfxd,g w,lof rUfaU arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqoefwqfq X [dʰ]
u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [ ōō] • [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē aa aa ] • • • •
e [n]
U,, yqfqgorUfaU
tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq> opfprUfaU U,, c..
rkac trekqfqdwfxd,g ...ay
ay....
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ēē] • • • [aa āā  aa ēē] • • • • [ ēē] • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [ēē] y [p]
wdVpfQgeUwdwfxd,g w,lof rUfaU arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqoefwqfq tgywfwd z [pʰ]

[ aa āā  ii  āā]
• • • • • • [ ōō] • [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē aa aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• •
Y [b]
U,, yqfqgorUfaU
ygVgPduqfq> opfprUfaU U,, c..
rkac rekqfqkZwlYf,NfPeuqfq ... Z [bʰ]
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ēē] • • • [aa āā  aa ēē]
• • • • [ ēē] • u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • …
r [m]
trekqfqkZwlYf,NfPeuqfq ... wdVpfQgeUwkZwlYf,NfPeuqfq w,lof rUfaU
u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • … [ aa āā  ōō a  aa ]
• • • • • • • • [ ōō] • [aa ēē] • , [y]
arxkeH XrfrH U,, yqfqgorUfaU
ywdaqoefwqfq tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq> opfprUfaU U,, V [r]
[ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē aa aa ] • • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • [aa  aa ēē] • • • [aa āā  aa ēē]
• • • •
v [l]
c..
rkac rekqfqyEfPuqfq Wfao rUfaU arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqoefwqfq tgywfwd
o [v]
[ ēē] • u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • [ē] [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē aa aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]• •
q [s]
U,, rkac
ygVgPduqfq> opfprUfaU c.. trekqfqyEfPuqfq ... wdVpfQgeUwyEfPuqfq ...
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ēē] • • • [ ēē] • u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • … [ aa āā  aa  aa ]
• • • • • • • … [ [h]
rekqfqykVdqqfq ... trekqfqykVdqqfq ... wdVpfQgeUwykVdqqfq Wfao rUfaU ` [ḷ]

u  aa ]
[ u • • • • … u  aa ]
[ u • • • • … [ aa āā  aa ]
• • • • • [ē] [aa ēē] •
tH [ŋ̊]
arxkeH XrfrH U,, rkac
ywdaqoefwqfq tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq> opfprUfaU c..
[ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē aa aa ] • • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • [aa  aa ēē] • • • [ ēē] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
45
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -110 Zdufckqfq aqoepdwfwH tkywfIdaw rekqfqdwfxd,g opfprUfUH

[ii u
u ] • • [ēē  ii aa]• • • [ aa  ēē]
• • • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [aa  aa aa] • • •
tHUPgwH yaoaqefwqfq tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. Zdufckqfq aqoepdwfwH tkywfIdaw

[aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē  aa ]• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ii u
u ] • • [ēē  ii aa]
• • • [ aa  ēē]
• • •
rekqfqdwfxd,g yqfqgorUfUH ... rkcH tHUPgwH yaoaqefwqfq tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.

u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [aa āā  aa aa] • • • • … [ aa] • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
Zdufckqfq aqoepdwfwH tkywfIdaw trekqfqdwfxd,g ... wdVpfQgeUwdwfxd,g ...

[ii u
u ]
• • [ēē  ii aa]• • • [ aa  ēē]
• • • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • … [ aa āā  ii  āā]
• • • • • • …
rekqfqkZwlYf,NfPeuqfq ... trekqfqkZwlYf,NfPeuqfq ...

u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • … u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • …
wdVpfQgeUwkZwlYf,NfPeuqfq ... opfprUfUH yqfqgorUfUH rkcH tHUPgwH

[ aa āā  ōō a  aa ]
• • • • • • • • … [aa  aa aa] • • • [aa āā  aa aa]
• • • • [ aa] • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
yaoaqefwqfq tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. Zdufckqfq aqoepdwfwH tkywfIdaw

[ ēē  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ii u
u ] • • [ēē  ii aa]
• • • [ aa  ēē]
• • •
rekqfqyEfPuqfq opfprUfUH rkcH tHUPgwH yaoaqefwqfq tgywfwd

u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • [aa  aa aa] • • • [ aa] • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē  aa ]• • • • [āā aa ]
• •
ygVgPduqfq. Zdufckqfq aqoepdwfwH tkywfIdaw trekqfqyEfPuqfq ...

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ii u
u ] • • [ēē  ii aa]
• • • [ aa  ēē]
• • • u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • …
wdVpfQgeUwyEfPuqfq ... rekqfqykVdqqfq ... trekqfqykVdqqfq ...

[ aa āā  aa  aa ]
• • • • • • • … u  aa ]
[ u • • • • … u  aa ]
[ u • • • • …
wdVpfQgeUwykVdqqfq opfprUfUH rkcH tHUPgwH yaoaqefwqfq tgywfwd

[ aa āā  aa ]
• • • • • [aa  aa aa] • • • [ aa] • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē  aa ]• • • • [āā aa ]• •
ygVgPduqfq.
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
1 -111 Zdufckypfpwfxdug rekqfqdwfxd H Zdufckqfq qefwdau tgaewfog

[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• •
opfprUfaUe tHUPgwH tZdedqDaWefwd. qlof ap yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH

[aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • [aa  āā aa] • • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa] • •
qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd, tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.

[āā ]
• [ aa] • [āā ]• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • •
Zdufckypfpwfxdug rekqfqdwfxd H Zdufckqfq qefwdau tgaewfog opfprUfaUe tHUPgwH

[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ] • • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
tZdedqDaWefwd. qlof ap yaoqeH e qgWd,wd, yodwfIH qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd,

[   ]
• • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [] [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ]•
tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. Zdufckypfpwfxdug rekqfqdwfxd H Zdufckqfq

u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ii u
u ] • •
qefwdau tgaewfog opfprUfaUe tHUPgwH tZdedqDaWefwd. qlof ap yaoqeH e

[aa  ēē]
• • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa] • • • []
qgWd,wd, yodwfIH e qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd, tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd, tgywfwd

[āā ]
• [ ii aa] • • [] [āā ]• [ aa] • [āā ]• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• •
ygVgPduqfq. Zdufckypfpwfxdug rekqfqdwfxd H Zdufckqfq qefwdau tgaewfog opfprUfaUe

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ii  aa aa  āā] • • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
46
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
tHUPgwH tZdedqDaWefwd. qlof ap yaoqeH e qgWd,wd, yodwfIH e qgWd,wd,

[aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [] [āā ]• [ ii aa] • • [] [āā ]
• u [k]
IdwH e qgWd,wd, tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. Zdufckypfpwfxdug c [kʰ]
[ aa]
• [] [āā ]• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • [ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • •
U [g]
rekqfqdwfxd H Zdufckqfq qefwdau tgaewfog opfprUfaUe tHUPgwH tZdedqDaWefwd.
C [gʰ]
u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • •
i [ṅ]
qlof ap yaoqeH e qgWd,wd, yodwfIH e qgWd,wd, IdwH e qgWd,wd,
[ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [] [āā ]• [ ii aa] • • [] [āā ]• [ aa] • [] [āā ] • p [c]
tkWfXVEH e qgWd,wd, tegywfwd. Q [cʰ]
u  aa]
[u • • [] [āā ]• [ āā aa ]
• • •
P [j]
1 -112 Zdufckypfpwfxdug rekqfqdwfxd H Zdufckqfq qefwdau tgaewfog
™ [jʰ]
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• •
N [ñ]
yqfqgorUfaUe ... rkace tHUPgwH tZdedqDaWefwd. qlof ap yaoqeH
[aa āā  aa ēē ]
• • • • • … [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • T [ṭ]
qgWd,wd, yodwfIH qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd, tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd, tgywfwd I [ṭʰ]
[āā ]
• [ ii aa]
• • [āā ]• [ aa] • [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• •
J [ḍ]
ygVgPduqfq ...ay
ay.... e qgWd,wd, tegywfwd.
$ [ḍʰ]
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
E [ṇ]
1 -113 Zdufckypfpwfxdug rekqfqdwfxd H PgUVefwd H ... qkwfwH ... rwfwH ...
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [āā  aa ii]
• • • … u aa]
[u • … [aa aa] • … w [t]
tkrfrwfwH ... yrwfwH ... rwH tufcg,dwH ... rwH a,Zk,fa,e tufcg,dwH ...ay
ay.... x [tʰ]
u aa aa]
[u • • … [ aa aa]
• • … [ aa] • [aa āā  aa]
• • • … [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ēē]
W [d]
tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. rwH a,Zk,fa,e cg,dwH Zdufckqfq qefwdau tgaewfog X [dʰ]
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa] • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• •
e [n]
opfprUfaUe ... yqfqgorUfaUe ... rkace tHUPgwH tZdedqDaWefwd. qlof ap
[aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • … [aa āā  aa ēē ]
• • • • • … [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] y [p]
yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd, tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd, z [pʰ]

[ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• • [āā ]• [ aa]
• [āā ]• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] •
Y [b]
tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq ...ay
ay.... e qgWd,wd, tegywfwd. Z [bʰ]
[āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
r [m]
1 -114 Zdufckypfpwfxdug trekqfqdwfxd H ... wdVpfQgeUwdwfxd H ...
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • … [ aa āā  ii ii]
• • • • • … , [y]
rekqfqkZwlYf,NfPeuH ... trekqfqkZwlYf,NfPeuH ... wdVpfQgeUwkZwlYf,NfPeuH V [r]

u  ōō a  aa]
[ u • • • • • • … u  ōō a  aa]
[ u • • • • • • … [ aa āā  ōō a  aa]
• • • • • • •
v [l]
Zdufckqfq qefwdau tgaewfog opfprUfaUe ... yqfqgorUfaUe ... rkace o [v]
[ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • … [aa āā  aa ēē ]
• • • • • … [ ēē ] • •
q [s]
tHUPgwH tZdedqDaWefwd. qlof ap yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH qgWd,wd, IdwH
[aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ]• [ ii aa] • • [āā ]
• [ aa]
•
[ [h]
qgWd,wd, tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq ...ay

ay.... e qgWd,wd, ` [ḷ]
[āā ]
• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ]•
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
47
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
tegywfwd.
[ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -115 Zdufckypfpwfxdug wdVpfQgeUwkZwlYf,NfPeuH PgUVefwH ... qkwfwH

[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ aa āā  ōō a  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • … u aa]
[u •
... rwfwH ... tkrfrwfwH ... yrwfwH ... rwH tufcg,dwH ... rwH a,Zk,fa,e
… [aa aa] • … u aa aa]
[u • • … [ aa aa]
• • … [ aa] • [aa āā  aa]
• • • … [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]• • •
tufcg,dwH ...ay
ay.... tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. rwH a,Zk,fa,e cg,dwH Zdufckqfq
[aa āā  aa]
• • • [ēē] [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa] • • [ii u
u ] • •
qefwdau tgaewfog opfprUfaUe ... yqfqgorUfaUe ... rkace tHUPgwH

[aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • … [aa āā  aa ēē ]
• • • • • … [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
tZdedqDaWefwd. qlof ap yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd,

[   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• • [āā ]
• [ aa] • [āā ]
•
tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq ...ay

u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -116 Zdufckypfpwfxdug rekqfqyEfPuH ... trekqfqyEfPuH ...

[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u  aa  aa]
[ u • • • • • … u  aa  aa]
[ u • • • • • …
wdVpfQgeUwyEfPuH Zdufckqfq qefwdau tgaewfog opfprUfaUe ... rkace

[ aa āā  aa  aa]
• • • • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • … [ ēē ] • •
tHUPgwH tZdedqDaWefwd. qlof ap yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH qgWd,wd, IdwH

[aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ]
• [ ii aa]• • [āā ]
• [ aa]•

[āā ]
• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -117 Zdufckypfpwfxdug wdVpfQgeUwyEfPuH PgUVefwH ... qkwfwH ...

[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ aa āā  aa  aa]
• • • • • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • … u aa]
[u • …
rwfwH ... tkrfrwfwH ... yrwfwH ... rwH tufcg,dwH ... rwH a,Zk,fa,e
[aa aa] • … u aa aa]
[u • • … [ aa aa]
• • … [ aa] • [aa āā  aa]
• • • … [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • •
tufcg,dwH ...ay
[aa āā  aa]
• • • [ēē] [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa] • • [ii u
u ] • •
qefwdau tgaewfog opfprUfaUe ... rkace tHUPgwH tZdedqDaWefwd. qlof ap

[aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • … [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē]
yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd, tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd,

[ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ]
• [ ii aa] • • [āā ]
• [ aa] • [āā ]
• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]•

[āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -118 Zdufckypfpwfxdug rekqfqykVdqH ... trekqfqykVdqH ...

[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u  aa]
[ u • • • … u  aa]
[ u • • • …
wdVpfQgeUwykVdqH Zdufckqfq qefwdau tgaewfog opfprUfaUe ... rkace tHUPgwH

[ aa āā  aa]
• • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē]• • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • … [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •

[   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• • [āā ]
• [ aa] • [āā ]
•
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
48
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq ...ay

u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ]• [ āā aa ]
• • • u [k]
1 -119 Zdufckypfpwfxdug wdVpfQgeUwykVdqH PgUVefwH ... qkwfwH ... c [kʰ]
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ aa āā  aa]
• • • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • … u aa]
[u • …
U [g]
rwfwH ... tkrfrwfwH ... yrwfwH ... rwH tufcg,dwH ... rwH a,Zk,fa,e C [gʰ]
[aa aa] • … u aa aa]
[u • • … [ aa aa]
• • … [ aa] • [aa āā  aa]
• • • … [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • •
i [ṅ]
tufcg,dwH ...ay
[aa āā  aa]
• • • [ēē] [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ] • • • [āā  aa] • • [ii u
u ]• • p [c]
qefwdau tgaewfog opfprUfaUe ... rkace tHUPgwH tZdedqDaWefwd. qlof ap Q [cʰ]
[aa  ēē]
• • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • … [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē]
P [j]
yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd, tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd, ™ [jʰ]
[ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ]• [ ii aa] • • [āā ]• [ aa] • [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
•
N [ñ]
[āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ]• [ āā aa ]
• • • T [ṭ]
1 -120 Zdufckypfpwfxdug rekqfqdwfxd H Zdufckqfq qefwdau tgaewfog I [ṭʰ]
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• •
J [ḍ]
opfprUfaUe ... yqfqgorUfaUe ... rkace tHUPgwH tZdedqDaWefwd qefxwg, $ [ḍʰ]
[aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • … [aa āā  aa ēē ]
• • • • • … [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [aa  āā ] • • •
E [ṇ]
tqefxwqfq, tqefxwg, qefxwqfq, qefxwg, qefxwqfq, tqefxwg,
[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  āā ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • w [t]
tqefxwqfq. qlof ap yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd, x [tʰ]
[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ]
•
W [d]
ay.... e qgWd,wd, tegywfwd. X [dʰ]
u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ]• [ āā aa ]
• • •
e [n]
1 -121 Zdufckypfpwfxdug rekqfqdwfxd H PgUVefwd H ... qkwfwH ... rwfwH ...
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • [āā  aa ii]
• • • … u aa]
[u • … [aa aa] • … y [p]
tkrfrwfwH ... yrwfwH ... rwH tufcg,dwH ... rwH a,Zk,fa,e tufcg,dwH ...ay
ay.... z [pʰ]
u aa aa]
[u • • … [ aa aa]
• • … [ aa] • [aa āā  aa]
• • • … [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ēē]
Y [b]
tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. rwH a,Zk,fa,e cg,dwH Zdufckqfq qefwdau tgaewfog Z [bʰ]
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]• • • [āā  aa] • • [ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• •
r [m]
opfprUfaUe ... yqfqgorUfaUe ... rkace tHUPgwH tZdedqDaWefwd, qefxwg,
[aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • … [aa āā  aa ēē ]
• • • • • … [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [aa  āā ] • • •
, [y]
tqefxwqfq, tqefxwg, qefxwqfq, qefxwg, qefxwqfq, tqefxwg, V [r]

[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  āā ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • •
v [l]
tqefxwqfq. qlof ap yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd, o [v]
[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ]
•
q [s]
u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]• [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
[ [h]
1 -122 Zdufckypfpwfxdug trekqfqdwfxd H ... wdVpfQgeUwdwfxd H ... ` [ḷ]

[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u ii ii]
[ u • • • … [ aa āā  ii ii]
• • • • • … tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
49
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
rekqfqkZwlYf,NfPeuH ... trekqfqkZwlYf,NfPeuH ... wdVpfQgeUwkZwlYf,NfPeuH

u  ōō a  aa]
[ u • • • • • • … u  ōō a  aa]
[ u • • • • • • … [ aa āā  ōō a  aa]
• • • • • • •
Zdufckqfq qefwdau tgaewfog opfprUfaUe ... yqfqgorUfaUe ... rkace tHUPgwH

[ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • … [aa āā  aa ēē ]
• • • • • … [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
tZdedqDaWefwd qefxwqfq tqefxwqfq, tqefxwqfq qefxwqfq, qefxwqfq

[   ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ]
• • • [aa  aa ] • • •
qefxwqfq, tqefxwqfq tqefxwqfq. qlof ap yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH

[aa  aa ]
• • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• •
qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd, tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq ...ay

ay.... e
[āā ]
• [ aa] • [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] []
qgWd,wd, tegywfwd.
[āā ]
• [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -123 Zdufckypfpwfxdug wdVpfQgeUwkZwlYf,NfPeuH PgUVefwH ... qkwfwH

[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ aa āā  ōō a  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • … u aa]
[u •
... rwfwH ... tkrfrwfwH ... yrwfwH ... rwH tufcg,dwH ... rwH a,Zk,fa,e
… [aa aa] • … u aa aa]
[u • • … [ aa aa] • • … [ aa] • [aa āā  aa]
• • • … [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ] • • •
tufcg,dwH ...ay
[aa āā  aa]
• • • [ēē] [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa] • • [ii u
u ] • •
qefwdau tgaewfog opfprUfaUe ... yqfqgorUfaUe ... rkace tHUPgwH

[aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ] • • • • … [aa āā  aa ēē ]
• • • • • … [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
tZdedqDaWefwd, qefxwqfq tqefxwqfq, tqefxwqfq qefxwqfq, qefxwqfq

[   ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • •

[aa  aa ]
• • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• •
qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd, tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq ...ay

ay.... e
[āā ]
• [ aa] • [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] []
qgWd,wd, tegywfwd.
[āā ]
• [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -124 Zdufckypfpwfxdug rekqfqyEfPuH ... trekqfqyEfPuH ...

[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • u  aa  aa]
[ u • • • • • … u  aa  aa]
[ u • • • • • …
wdVpfQgeUwyEfPuH ... rekqfqykVdqH ... trekqfqykVdqH ... wdVpfQgeUwykVdqH

[ aa āā  aa  aa]
• • • • • • … u  aa]
[ u • • • … u  aa]
[ u • • • … [ aa āā  aa]
• • • •
Zdufckqfq qefwdau tgaewfog opfprUfaUe ... rkace tHUPgwH tZdedqDaWefwd

[ii u
u ] • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • … [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • •
qefxwqfq tqefxwqfq, tqefxwqfq qefxwqfq, qefxwqfq qefxwqfq,

[aa  aa ]
• • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  aa ]
• • • [aa  aa ]• • •
tqefxwqfq tqefxwqfq. qlof ap yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH qgWd,wd, IdwH

[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa] • • • [āā ]• [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa]•

[āā ]
• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]• [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
50
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -125 Zdufckypfpwfxdug wdVpfQgeUwykVdqH PgUVefwH ... qkwfwH ...

[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ aa āā  aa]
• • • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • … u aa]
[u • … u [k]
rwfwH ... tkrfrwfwH ... yrwfwH ... rwH tufcg,dwH ... rwH a,Zk,fa,e c [kʰ]
[aa aa] • … u aa aa]
[u • • … [ aa aa]
• • … [ aa] • [aa āā  aa] • • • … [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]• • •
U [g]
tufcg,dwH ...ay
C [gʰ]
[aa āā  aa]
• • • [ēē] [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ēē u
u ēē ]• • • [āā  aa] • • [ii u
u ] • •
qefwdau tgaewfog opfprUfaUe ... rkace tHUPgwH tZdedqDaWefwd, qefxwqfq i [ṅ]
[aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]

• • [aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • … [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [   ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • •
p [c]
tqefxwqfq, tqefxwqfq qefxwqfq, qefxwqfq qefxwqfq, tqefxwqfq Q [cʰ]
[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ]• • • [aa  aa ] • • • [aa  aa ]
• • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • •
P [j]
tqefxwqfq. qlof ap yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd,
™ [jʰ]
[ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ]• [ ii aa] • • [āā ]• [ aa] • [āā ]
•
N [ñ]
u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • • T [ṭ]
1 -126 Zdufckypfpwfxdug ZdufckH rekqfqdwfxd,g qefwdau tgaewfog I [ṭʰ]
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii u
u] • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• •
J [ḍ]
tHUPgawe opfprUfUH ... yqfqgorUfUH ... rkcH tZdedqDaWefwd. qlof ap
$ [ḍʰ]
[aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  aa aa]
• • • … [aa āā  aa aa]
• • • • … [ aa] • [   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē]
E [ṇ]
yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd, tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd,
[ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ]
• [ ii aa] • • [āā ]
• [ aa]• [āā ]• u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]•
w [t]
tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq ...ay
ay.... e qgWd,wd, tegywfwd. x [tʰ]
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
W [d]
1 -127 Zdufckypfpwfxdug ZdufckH rekqfqdwfxd,g PgUVefwd,g ... qkwfwg, X [dʰ]
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii u
u] • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [āā  aa  āā]
• • • • … u āā ]
[u • •
e [n]
... rwfwg, ... tkrfrwfwg, ... yrwfwg, ... rwg, tufcg,dwg, ... rwg,
… [aa āā ] • • … u aa āā ]
[u • • • … [ aa āā ] • • • … [ āā ] • • [aa āā  āā ]
• • • • … [ āā ] • • y [p]
a,Zk,fa,e tufcg,dwg, ...ay

ay.... tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. rwg, a,Zk,fa,e cg,dwg, z [pʰ]
[ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [aa āā  āā ]
• • • • [ēē] [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ āā ] • • [ēē u
u ēē ] • • • [āā  āā ] • • •
Y [b]
qefwdau tgaewfog tHUPgawe opfprUfUH ... yqfqgorUfUH ... rkcH Z [bʰ]
[aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  aa aa] • • • … [aa āā  aa aa]
• • • • … [ aa] •
r [m]
[   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa] • • • [āā ]• [ ii aa] • • [āā ]• [ aa] • [āā ]
• , [y]
ay.... e qgWd,wd, tegywfwd. V [r]
u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
v [l]
1 -128 Zdufckypfpwfxdug ZdufckH trekqfqdwfxd,g ... wdVpfQgeUwdwfxd,g o [v]
[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii u
u] • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • … [ aa āā  ii  āā]
• • • • • •
q [s]
... rekqfqkZwlYf,NfPeuqfq ... trekqfqkZwlYf,NfPeuqfq ...
… u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • … u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • … [ [h]
wdVpfQgeUwkZwlYf,NfPeuqfq ... rekqfqyEfPuqfq ... trekqfqyEfPuqfq ... ` [ḷ]

[ aa āā  ōō a  aa ]
• • • • • • • • … u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • … u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • …
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
51
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1

[ aa āā  aa  aa ]
• • • • • • • … u  aa ]
[ u • • • • … u  aa ]
[ u • • • • …
wdVpfQgeUwykVdqqfq qefwdau tgaewfog tHUPgawe opfprUfUH ... rkcH

[ aa āā  aa ]
• • • • • [aa  ēē]• • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  aa aa] • • • … [ aa] •

[   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ] •

u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -129 Zdufckypfpwfxdug ZdufckH wdVpfQgeUwykVdqqfq PgUVefwqfq ...

[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii u
u] • [ aa āā  aa ]
• • • • • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • …
qkwfwqfq ... rwfwqfq ... tkrfrwfwqfq ... yrwfwqfq ... rwqfq tufcg,dwqfq
u aa ]
[u • • … [aa aa ] • • … u aa aa ]
[u • • • … [ aa aa ] • • • … [ aa ] • • [aa āā  aa ]• • • •
... rwqfq a,Zk,fa,e tufcg,dwqfq ...ay

ay.... tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. rwqfq
… [ aa ] • • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [aa āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • [ aa ] • •
a,Zk,fa,e cg,dwqfq qefwdau tgaewfog tHUPgawe opfprUfUH ... rkcH

[ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa ]
• • • [aa  ēē]• • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  aa aa] • • • … [ aa] •

[   ] • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ] •

u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -130 Zdufckypfpwfxdug ZdufckH rekqfqdwfxd,g qefwdau tgaewfog

[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii u
u] • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• •
tHUPgawe opfprUfUH ... yqfqgorUfUH ... rkcH tZdedqDaWefwd qefxwqfq

[aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  aa aa]
• • • … [aa āā  aa aa]
• • • • … [ aa] • [   ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • •
wg,,, tqefxwqfq qefxwg,

tqefxwg, wg,,, qefxwqfq qefxwg,
wg,,, tqefxwqfq
[ aa  āā ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  āā ] • • • [aa  aa ]• • • [aa  āā ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • •
wg,.. qlof ap yaoqeH

tqefxwg, qgWd,wd, yodwfIH qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd,
[ aa  āā ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ]• [ ii aa] • • [āā ]• [ aa] • [āā ] •

u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [] [āā ] • [ āā aa ]
• • •
1 -131 Zdufckypfpwfxdug ZdufckH rekqfqdwfxd,g PgUVefwd,g ... qkwfwg, ...

[ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii u
u] • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • [āā  aa  āā]
• • • • … u āā ]
[u • • …
rwfwg, ... tkrfrwfwg, ... yrwfwg, ... rwg, tufcg,dwg, ... rwg,
[aa āā ] • • … u aa āā ]
[u • • • … [ aa āā ]
• • • … [ āā ] • • [aa āā  āā ]
• • • • … [ āā ] • •
a,Zk,fa,e tufcg,dwg, ...ay

ay.... tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. rwg, a,Zk,fa,e cg,dwg,
[ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [aa āā  āā ]
• • • • [ēē] [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ āā ] • • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā  āā ] • • •
qefwdau tgaewfog tHUPgawe opfprUfUH ... yqfqgorUfUH ... rkcH

[aa  ēē] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  aa aa] • • • … [aa āā  aa aa] • • • • … [ aa] •
wg,,, tqefxwqfq qefxwg,

tZdedqDaWefwd qefxwqfq tqefxwg, wg,,, qefxwqfq
[   ] • • • [aa  aa ]
• • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  āā ] • • • [aa  aa ] • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
52
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
wg,,, tqefxwqfq tqefxwg,

qefxwg, wg,.. qlof ap yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH
[aa  āā ]
• • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  āā ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa] • • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• • u [k]
ay.... e c [kʰ]
[āā ]
• [ aa]
• [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] []
U [g]
qgWd,wd, tegywfwd.
C [gʰ]
[āā ]
• [ āā aa ]
• • •
i [ṅ]
1 -132 Zdufckypfpwfxdug ZdufckH trekqfqdwfxd,g ... wdVpfQgeUwdwfxd,g
[ii  aa aa  āā] • • • • • [ii u
u] • u ii  āā]
[ u • • • • … [ aa āā  ii  āā]
• • • • • • p [c]
... rekqfqkZwlYf,NfPeuqfq ... trekqfqkZwlYf,NfPeuqfq ... Q [cʰ]
… u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • … u  ōō a  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • • …
P [j]
wdVpfQgeUwkZwlYf,NfPeuqfq ... rekqfqyEfPuqfq ... trekqfqyEfPuqfq ... ™ [jʰ]
[ aa āā  ōō a  aa ]
• • • • • • • • … u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • … u  aa  aa ]
[ u • • • • • • …
N [ñ]
[ aa āā  aa  aa ]
• • • • • • • … u  aa ]
[ u • • • • … u  aa ]
[ u • • • • … T [ṭ]
wdVpfQgeUwykVdqqfq qefwdau tgaewfog tHUPgawe opfprUfUH ... rkcH I [ṭʰ]
[ aa āā  aa ]
• • • • • [aa  ēē]
• • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  aa aa]
• • • … [ aa] •
J [ḍ]
tZdedqDaWefwd qefxwqfq tqefxwqfq, tqefxwqfq qefxwqfq, qefxwqfq $ [ḍʰ]
[   ]• • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ]
• • • [aa  aa ]• • •
E [ṇ]
[aa  aa ]
• • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• • w [t]
qgWd,wd, IdwH qgWd,wd, tkWfXVEH qgWd,wd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq ...ay
ay.... e x [tʰ]
[āā ]
• [ aa]
• [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] []
W [d]
qgWd,wd, tegywfwd. X [dʰ]
[āā ]
• [ āā aa ]
• • •
e [n]
1 -133 Zdufckypfpwfxdug ZdufckH wdVpfQgeUwykVdqqfq PgUVefwqfq ...
[ii  aa aa  āā] • • • • • [ii u
u] • [ aa āā  aa ]
• • • • • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • … y [p]
qkwfwqfq ... rwfwqfq ... tkrfrwfwqfq ... yrwfwqfq ... rwqfq tufcg,dwqfq z [pʰ]
u aa ]
[u • • … [aa aa ] • • … u aa aa ]
[u • • • … [ aa aa ]
• • • … [ aa ] • • [aa āā  aa ]
• • • •
Y [b]
... rwqfq a,Zk,fa,e tufcg,dwqfq ...ay
ay.... tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. rwqfq Z [bʰ]
… [ aa ]
• • [ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [aa āā  aa ]
• • • • [ēē] [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa ] • •
r [m]
a,Zk,fa,e cg,dwqfq qefwdau tgaewfog tHUPgawe opfprUfUH ... rkcH
[ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa ] • • • [aa  ēē]
• • [āā ēē ā]
• • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa  aa aa]
• • • … [ aa] • , [y]
tZdedqDaWefwd qefxwqfq tqefxwqfq, tqefxwqfq qefxwqfq, qefxwqfq V [r]

[   ]• • • [aa  aa ] • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa ]
• • • [aa  aa ]• • •
v [l]
qefxwqfq, tqefxwqfq tqefxwqfq. qlof ap yaoqeH qgWd,wd, yodwfIH o [v]
[aa  aa ]
• • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  aa ]
• • • • [ōō] [ēē] [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• •
q [s]
ay.... e
[āā ]
• [ aa]
• [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ēē] [] [ [h]
qgWd,wd, tegywfwd. ` [ḷ]

[āā ]
• [ āā aa ]
• • •
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
53
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -134 ,xg Zdufckypfpwfxdug odwfxgVdwgg,, atoH odwfxgaVwYfYgg..

[ āā] • [ii  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • [ii āā  āā]
• • • [ēē aa]
• [ii āā ēē aa āā]
• • • •
1 -135 VgPypfpwfxdug ... plofVypfpwfxdug ... Xkwfwypfpwfxdug ...

[āā  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • … [ōō  aa aa  āā]
• • • • • … u  aa aa  āā]
[u • • • • • …
tkyfyvUefXypfpwfxdugg.. qHcdwfwH.
u  aa  aa aa  āā]
[u • • • • • • • [aa ii aa]
• •
1 -136 rUfaUe rUfUH yaoaqwd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. rUfaUe trUfUH

[aa ēē ] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa ēē ] • • [ aa aa]
• •
yaoaqwd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. trUfaUe rUfUH yaoaqwd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.

[ ēē ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa ēē ]
• • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
trUfaUe trUfUH yaoaqwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq.

[ aa ēē ]
• • • [ aa aa]
• • [ ēē ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
1 -137 Zdufck qkwfwZdufckrf[d odyfywdyPfPwd; ywdYkWfXlof qgWd,wd, tkZlof

[ii ] • u  ii u
[u • u ] • • • [ii  aa ]
• • • u ōō]
[ u • • [āā ]
• [ ōō]
•
egaqwYfYgg.. ywdYkWfXlof e qgWd,wd, Wlqulof egaqwYfYlof. Zdufck qkwfwqgraEVrf[d

[āā ēē aa āā]
• • • u ōō]
[ u • • [] [āā ] • ū  ōō]
[ū • • [āā ēē aa ōō]
• • • [ii ] • u  āā  ēē aa ]
[u • • • • • •
odyfywdyPfPwd; ywdYkWfXlof qgWd,wd, tkZlof egaqwYfYgg.. ywdYkWfXlof e qgWd,wd, Wlqulof

[ii  aa ]
• • • u ōō]
[ u • • [āā ]
• [ ōō] • [āā ēē aa āā]
• • • u ōō]
[ u • • [] [āā ] • ū  ōō]
[ū • •
egaqwYfYlof. qgraEVlof qkwfwZdufckrf[d odyfywdyPfPwd; ywdYkWfXlof qgWd,wd, tkZlof

[āā ēē aa ōō]
• • • [āā  ēē ōō]
• • • u  ii u
[u u ]
• • • • [ii  aa ]
• • • u ōō]
[ u • • [āā ]• [ ōō]
•
egaqwYfYgg.. ywdYkWfXlof e qgWd,wd, Wlqulof egaqwYfYlof. qgraEVlof qkwfwqgraEVrf[d

[āā ēē aa āā]
• • • u ōō]
[ u • • [] [āā ] • ū  ōō]
[ū • • [āā ēē aa ōō]
• • • [āā  ēē ōō]
• • • u  āā  ēē aa ]
[u • • • • • •
odyfywdyPfPwd; ywdYkWfXlof qgWd,wd, tkZlof egaqwYfYgg.. ywdYkWfXlof e qgWd,wd, Wlqulof

[ii  aa ]
• • • u ōō]
[ u • • [āā ]
• [ ōō] • [āā ēē aa āā]
• • • u ōō]
[ u • • [] [āā ] • ū  ōō]
[ū • •
egaqwYfYlof.
[āā ēē aa ōō]
• • •
1 -138 tegywfwd> tPgeefwqfq, tqgWd,efwqfq, tkrfrwfwuqfq,

[ āā aa ]
• • • [ āā aa aa ]
• • • • [ āā  aa aa ]
• • • • • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
cdwfwpdwfwqfq, aoWegwfwqfq, tgWdurfrduqfqgwd.

[ii  ii aa ]
• • • • [ēē   aa ]
• • • • [āā  aa  aa āā ]
• • • • • •
1 -139 qefxwZgEogVlof edwfIdwlof.

[aa  āā  āā ōō]
• • • • • [ii  ōō]
• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
54
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
u [k]
( 1 -1.1.1.4
1.1.1.4))
odeDwowfxktkWfWgeUgxg ( 1 -1.1.1.4
1.1.1.4)) c [kʰ]
# #
[ •  •  • aa •  • u • āā •  • āā • āā]
U [g]
C [gʰ]
1 -140 rufuwD oPfPdykwfwg p,
[aa  ] • • [aa  u
u āā]
• • • [] i [ṅ]
Ud[D eUfUlof p wdwfxd,gg;; p [c]

[ ]
• [aa ōō] • [] [ii  āā]
• •
Q [cʰ]
WgVdukyfyvoEfEg p, P [j]
[āā  u
•u  aa āā]
• • • • []
™ [jʰ]
Yf,NfPae[dyaV Wkaoo..
[a  ēē  ēē] • • • • [ ēē] •
N [ñ]
T [ṭ]
1 -141 rgwg XDwg ZUdeD p, I [ṭʰ]
[āā āā] • [ āā] • [ ] • []
J [ḍ]
Pg,g p rkWk vrfYdeg;
[āā āā]
• [] [] [aa  āā] • •
$ [ḍʰ]
Wfao oEg avypdwfwNfp, E [ṇ]

[ē] [ āā] • [ēē  ii aa ]
• • • •
w [t]
WgVkXDwvdug, p. x [tʰ]
[āā    āā ]
• • • • • []
W [d]
X [dʰ]
1 -142 qkefWaVe q[ yNfp,
u  ēē ]
[u • • • [] [aa ] • e [n]
yNfp qdoxduwfIdugg;; y [p]

[aa ] • [ aa  āā] • • •
z [pʰ]
egUD ,ufcD p aywD p, Y [b]
[āā ]• [aa ] • [] [ēē ] • []
Z [bʰ]
yEfPulofy[wlof Qkayy..
[aa  ōō  ōō]
• • • • [ ēē] • r [m]
, [y]
1 -143 ZWfWda, tV[H qkwfwlof, V [r]
[aa  ēē] • • [ aa] • u ōō]
[u •
v [l]
yaV;;
qgowfxd,g pwkVlof yaV
[āā aa  āā]
• • • [ ōō] • [ ēē] •
o [v]
aoqgvd,g w,lof rgvg, q [s]

[ēē āā  āā]
• • • [ ōō] • [āā āā] •
[ [h]
qkydae ZgVkupfQulof. ` [ḷ]

[ ēē] • [āā  aa  ōō]
• • • •
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
55
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -144 qkyYfYg qWfXg ZdufckeDD,,

[ aa āā]
• • [aa āā] • [ii  ] • •
qdufcrgeg qgraEVD p;
[ii  āā āā]
• • • [āā  ēē ]
• • • []
aoqd,g yEfPulof Ud[D,

[ēē  āā]• • [aa  ōō] • • [ ] •
tNfNrNfNH okPf$yYfYPdwlof rdUlofwd.

[aa  aa aa]
• • • u  aa  ōō]
[u • • • • [ ōō ] • •
( 1 -1.1.1.5
1.1.1.5))
odeDwowfxk ( 1 -1.1.1.5
1.1.1.5))
# #
[   aa ] • • • •
1 -145 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck rufuwd,g arxkeH

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [aa  āā] • • [ēē  aa] • •
XrfrH ywdaqod. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd> ZUowg qdufcgyWH yNfNwfwH, upfpd

[aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ āā] • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa] • • [aa ] •
ek clof t[H ygVgPduH tgywfwd H tgyefelof”wd? ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqd.

[] [ōō] [ aa]
• [āā āā  aa]
• • • [āā aa ii]
• • [āā aa ōō ]
• • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • •
tgywfwd H wfoH, Zdufck, tgyefelof ygVgPdue

e””wd.
[āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (1)
1 -146 awe clof ye qra,e qrfY[kvg aoqgvdug oPfPdykwfwug Zdufcl

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ēē āā  āā]
• • • [aa  u
u  āā]
• • • • [ii ū
ū] •
qdufcH typfpufcg, WkYfYvf,H tegoduwfog arxkeH XrfrH H .

ywdaqodqk awqH
[ii aa]
• [ aa aa āā ]
• • • • u aa a]
[u • • [ āā  aa ā]
• • • • [ēē  aa]• • [aa aa] • [ ēē ii ]
• • • [ēē aa] •
ukufukpfpH t[lofqd> ZUowg qdufcgyWH yNfNwfwH, upfpd ek clof r,H ygVgPduH

u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ]
• • [ āā] • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa]
• • [aa ]
• [] [ōō] [ aa] • [āā āā  aa]
• • •
tgywfwd H tgyefeg”wd? ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. tgywfwd H wkrfa[

[,, Zdufcao
ao,,
• • [āā aa āā ]
• • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u]
• • [āā aa ii]
• • u ē]
[u • [ii  ēē] • •
e””wd.
tgyefeg ygVgPdue
[āā aa āā]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (2)
1 -147 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck> atoH ar tegywfwd

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ēē aa]
• [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • •
wD””wd> Ud[dvdaUe
ZodqfqwD H arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqod. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd>
[ ii   ]
• • • • [ ii ēē ] • • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa ]
• u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ]
• •
ZUowg qdufcgyWH yNfNwfwH, upfpd ek clof t[H ygVgPduH tgywfwd H tgyefelof”wd?

[ āā] • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa]
• • [aa ] • [] [ōō] [ aa] • [āā āā  aa]
• • • [āā aa ii]
• • [āā aa ōō ]
• • •
ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqd. tgywfwd H wfoH, Zdufck, tgyefelof ygVgPdue

e””wd.
[ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (3)

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ēē aa]
• [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
56
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
wD””wd> eUfUlof [kwfog arxkeH

ZodqfqwD XrfrH ywdaqod. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd
[ ii   ]
• • • • [aa ōō]• u ā]
[u • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • u [k]
...ay
ay.... tgywfwd H wfoH, Zdufck, tgyefelof ygVgPdue
e””wd. c [kʰ]
[ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • (4)
U [g]
C [gʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ēē aa] • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • •
i [ṅ]
wD””wd> ukqpDVH
ZodqfqwD edogaqwfog ... ogupDVH edogaqwfog ... zvupDVH edogaqwfog
[ ii   ]
• • • • [  aa]• • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • … [āā   aa] • • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • … [  aa] • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • p [c]
... auqurfYvH edogaqwfog ... ogvurfYvH edogaqwfog ... tkvluyufcduH edogaqwfog Q [cʰ]
… [ēē  aa  aa]
• • • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • … [āā  aa  aa]
• • • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • … ū  aa  aa]
[ ū • • • • • [ āā ēē ā] • • •
P [j]
... tPdeufcdyH edogaqwfog arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqod. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd
™ [jʰ]
… [ aa  aa]
• • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • [ēē  aa]
• • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • •
N [ñ]
...ay
e””wd.
[ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • (5-11) T [ṭ]
1 -150 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof ydEfPpgVdulof Zdufck I [ṭʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii  āā  ōō]• • • • [ii ] •
J [ḍ]
yDIau edyefeH WgVduH yqfqdwfog qgVwfwlof tHUkwfIH tHUPgwH yaoaqqd. qg
$ [ḍʰ]
[  ēē]
• • [ aa aa]
• • [āā  aa] • • [aa ii ā]
• • [āā aa ōō]
• • [aa u
u aa]
• • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē ēē ] • • • [āā]
E [ṇ]
ugvrugqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq.
[āā  āā ]
• • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ] • • • • w [t]
tgywfwd qHCgWdaqqqfqgg””wd. x [tʰ]
[āā aa ]
• • [aa āā  ēē aa āā ]
• • • • • • (12)
W [d]
1 -151 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof rgEoulof tkyfyvoEfEg,
X [dʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [āā  ōō] • • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • •
e [n]
Zdufcked,g ywdYWfXpdwfwlof [lofwd. tx clof qlof rgEoulof tkyfyvoEfEg,
[ii  āā] • • [ aa  ii ōō]
• • • • [ōō ] • [] [ōō] [ōō] [āā  ōō] • • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • y [p]
Zdufcked,g UgrH ydEfPg, yodwfIg, ukwduH yodqdwfog edvDelof tpfQd. tkyfyvoEfEg z [pʰ]
[ii  āā] • • [āā aa]
• [ii āā ] • • [ ii āā ] • • • [ aa] • [ ii ā] • • [  ōō] • • [aa ] • u  aa āā]
[u • • •
Y [b]
ZdufckeD ypfQgZwfwH ydEfPygwywdufuefwg ygaW yufcgavwfog ukwduH yodqdwfog
[ii  ] • • [aa āā aa aa]
• • • [ii  āā  ii aa āā]
• • • • • • [āā ēē] • [aa āā ēē ā] • • • [ aa] • [ ii ā] • •
Z [bʰ]
rNfpau edqDWd. tx clof qlof rgEoulof tkyfyvoEfEH Zdufcked H tkUfUa[wfog r [m]
[aa  ēē] • • [  ]

• • [] [ōō] [ōō] [āā  ōō] • • u  aa aa]
[u • • • [ii  ii] • • u  ēē ā]
[u • • •
, [y]
Wlaqqd. tkyfyvoEfEg ZdufckeD ZdufckeDeH atwrwfxH tgVlofapqd. Zdufcked,lof V [r]
ū ēē ]
[ū • • u  aa āā]
[u • • • [ii  ] • • [ii   aa]
• • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • • [ii  ōō] • •
v [l]
ZdufcleH atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. Zdufcl ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH.
[ii ū
ū aa] • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ii ū
ū] • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
u]• • •
o [v]
tegywfwd, Zdufcao
ao,, tqgWd,efwd,gg””wd. q [s]
[ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [ āā  aa  āā ]
• • • • • • (13) [ [h]
1 -152 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVqfq Zdufckelof tdwfxdvdUH

H ` [ḷ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  aa ]
• • • [ii  ōō] • • [ii  ii aa]
• • •
tH [ŋ̊]
ygwkZlwH [lofwd. ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. tekPgegrd, ao,,
Zdufcao wNfaNo
[āā  ū
•ū aa] • • [ōō ] • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa ēē ] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
57
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
tkyPf™H waro tkyqrfyWH wgeda,o oqfqged ZdufckeD[d qHUrdwkH. ,g

[ aa aa]
• • [ ēē ]
• • [ aa  aa] • • • [āā  ēē ]
• • • [aa āā ] • • [ii   ] • • • [aa  u
u] • • [āā]
tgywfwd,lof ZdufcleH ZdufckeD[d qgXgVEg wg tgywfwd,lof ZdufckeDeH qefwdau

[āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii   ]
• • • [āā āā  āā]
• • • [āā] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ii   aa] • • • [aa  ēē] • •
okwfIgwkH. ,g tgywfwd,lof ZdufcleH ZdufckeD[d tqgXgVEg wg[d tgywfwD[d

u āā u
[u u]
• • [āā] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii   ] • • • [ āā āā  āā]
• • • • [āā ] • [āā aa  ]
• • •
tegywfwDD””wd.
[ āā aa  ]
• • • • (14)
1 -153 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVdqfqg Zdufcked,g ykVdqvdUH

H
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ii āā] • • • [ii  āā] • • [ ii aa] • •
ygwkZlwH [lofwd. ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. tekPgegrd, ao,,

Zdufcao wNfaNo
[āā  ū
•ū aa] • • [ōō ]• [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa ēē ]• •
tkyPf™H waro tkyqrfyWH wgeda,o oqfqged Zdufcl[d qHUrdwkH. ,g tgywfwd,lof

[ aa aa]
• • [ ēē ]
• • [ aa  aa] • • • [āā  ēē ]
• • • [aa āā ] • • [ii ū
ū ] • • [aa  u
u]
• • [āā] [āā aa  ōō]
• • •
ZdufckeDeH Zdufcl[d qgXgVEg wg tgywfwd,lof ZdufcleH qefwdau okwfIgwkH. ,g

[ii   aa]
• • • [ii ū
ū ] • • [āā āā  āā]
• • • [āā] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [aa  ēē]• • u āā u
[u u] • • [āā]
tgywfwd,lof ZdufckeDeH Zdufcl[d tqgXgVEg wg[d tgywfwD[d tegywfwDD””wd.

[āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ii   aa]
• • • [ii ū
ū ] • • [ āā āā  āā]
• • • • [āā ]• [āā aa  ]
• • • [ āā aa  ]
• • • • (15)

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ēē aa] • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • •
wD””wd> rgwk,g
ZodqfqwD arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqod ... XDwk,g arxkeH XrfrH
[ ii   ]
• • • • [āā  āā] • • [ēē  aa]
• • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • … [  āā] • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] •
ywdaqod ... ZUded,g arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqod ... wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
ay....
[ ēē ] • • … [ āā] • [ēē  aa]
• • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • … [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē]

e””wd.
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (16-18)
1 -155 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck ykVgEWkwd,dug,

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ āā  āā ]
• • • •
arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqod. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

ay.... tgywfwd H wfoH, Zdufck,
[ēē  aa]
• • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] •
e””wd.
tgyefelof ygVgPdue
[āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (19)
1 -156 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck rkWkydwfIdulof [lofwd.

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ ii  ōō] • • • [ōō ] •
qlof teZdVwd,g yD`dwlof twfwelof tHUPgwH rkace tUfUa[qd. wqfq ukufukpfpH

[ōō] [ āā] • [  ōō] • • [aa  ōō]• • [aa  āā aa] • • • [ ēē ] • • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • •
t[lofqd ...ay
e””wd.
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (20)
1 -157 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck vrfYD [lofwd. qlof

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [aa ] • [ōō ] • [ōō]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
58
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
teZdVwd,g yD`dwlof twfwelof tHUPgwH twfwelof opfprUfUH yaoaqqd. wqfq

[ āā] • [  ōō] • • [aa  ōō] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa  ōō]
• • [aa  aa aa]
• • • [ ēē ēē ]
• • • [aa ]
• u [k]
ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
e””wd. c [kʰ]
u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (21)
U [g]
1 -158 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck rwqVDVH yqfqd. C [gʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [  aa] • • [aa ]
•
i [ṅ]
wqfrdNfp qVDaV tHUPgwqgrefwg oElof [lofwd. qlof> atoH ar tegywfwd
[aa i ]
• • [  ēē]
• • [aa  āā  āā aa āā]
• • • • • • [ ōō] • [ōō ] • [ōō] [ēē aa]• [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • p [c]
wD””wd> tHUPgaw tHUPgwH
ZodqfqwD yaoaqwfog oaEe eD[Vd. wqfq ukufukpfpH Q [cʰ]
[ ii   ]
• • • • [aa  āā ēē]• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē ēē ā]
• • • [ ēē ] • • [ ]• [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • •
P [j]
t[lofqd ...ay
e””wd. ™ [jʰ]
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (22)
N [ñ]
1 -159 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck rwqVDVH yqfqd.
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [  aa] • • [aa ]
•
T [ṭ]
wqfrdNfp qVDaV tHUPgwqgrefwg oElof [lofwd. qlof> atoH ar tegywfwd I [ṭʰ]

[aa i ]
• • [  ēē]
• • [aa  āā  āā aa āā]
• • • • • • [ ōō] • [ōō ] • [ōō] [ēē aa]• [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • •
J [ḍ]
wD””wd> oaE
ZodqfqwD tHUPgwH yaoaqwfog tHUPgawe eD[Vd. wqfq ukufukpfpH $ [ḍʰ]
[ ii   ]
• • • • [ ēē] • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē ēē ā]
• • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [ ] • [aa ]• u u
[u u aa] • •
E [ṇ]
t[lofqd ...ay
e””wd.
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (23)
w [t]
1 -160 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qgVwfwlof x [tʰ]

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• •
W [d]
avypdwfwqfq edrdwfwH tHUPgawe Qkyd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
ay.... X [dʰ]
[ēē  ii aa ]
• • • • [ ii aa] • • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē]
e [n]
tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq. tgywfwd Wkufuwqfqgg””wd.
[ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • (24)
y [p]
1 -161 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qgVwfwlof z [pʰ]

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• •
Y [b]
WgVkXDwvdug, edrdwfwH tHUPgawe Qkyd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

ay.... Z [bʰ]
[āā    āā ]
• • • • • [ ii aa]
• • [aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē]
r [m]
tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq. tgywfwd Wkufuwqfqgg””wd.
[ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • (25)
, [y]
1 -162 awe clof ye qra,e qkefWVlof egr Zdufck VgPU[g V [r]

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • u  ōō]
[u • • [āā ] • [ii ] • [āā  āā]
• •
v [l]
yYfYPdwlof Vxdug, UpfQwd. tNfNwVg tdwfxD> rk[kwfwH, w,, tgUar[d,
Zefaw o [v]
[aa  ōō] • • [ āā ] • • [aa ] • [aa  āā] • • [ii ]
• u aa]
[ u • • [aa ēē] • [āā  ēē ]
• • •
q [s]
grD””wd qg oefWefwD tefwVogquH tkufcdydwfog rkace
oefWdqfqgrD tHUPgwH
[aa ii āā  ]
• • • • [āā] [aa aa ] • • [aa  āā  aa]
• • • • u  ii ā]
[u • • • [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
[ [h]
tUfUa[qd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

ay.... qgWd,d wfoH, Zdufcl”wd? eg[H, ZUog, ` [ḷ]
[aa  ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā ] • [a] [ii ū
ū ] • • [āā aa] • [ āā] •
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
59
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
qgWd,de”wd. tegywfwd, Zdufck, tqgWd,efwqfqgg””wd.

[āā  ii ]
• • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [ āā  aa aa āā ]
• • • • • • (26)
1 -163 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVg tdwfxD ZdufckH yqfqdwfog

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā]
• • [ii ] • [ii u
u] • [aa ii ā]• •
atwWolofp> at[d, Zefaw

w,, arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqog”wd. tvH, ZUded, aewH
[ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa]• • [aa aa] • [ ēē āā ]
• • • [ aa]
• [] [ēē aa]
•
wD””wd. at[d, Zefaw

uyfywD w,, t[H og,rdqfqgrd, wfoH rg og,rd, atoH aw tegywfwd
[aa   ]
• • • [ēē ]
• [aa ēē] • [ aa]• [āā  ii āā ]
• • • • [a] [āā] [āā ] • [ēē aa]
• [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • •
wD””wd. qlof Zdufck

ZodqfqwD wxg tugqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
ay.... tgywfwd H
[ ii   ]
• • • • [ōō] [ii ] • [ āā] • [ āā ]
• • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• •
wfoH, Zdufck, tgyefelof ygVgPdue

e””wd.
[a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (27)

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā]
• • [ii ] • [ii u
u] • [aa ii ā]• •

[ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa]
• [] [ēē aa]
•

uyfywD w,, wfoH og,r
og,r,, t[H e og,rdqfqgrd, atoH aw tegywfwd
[aa   ]
• • • [ēē ]
• [aa ēē] • [a] [āā ] • [ aa]
• [] [āā  ii āā ]• • • • [ēē aa]
• [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • •

ZodqfqwD wxg tugqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
ay.... tgywfwd H
[ ii   ]
• • • • [ōō] [ii ] • [ āā] • [ āā ]
• • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• •

e””wd.
[a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (28)

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā]
• • [ii ] • [ii u
u] • [aa ii ā]• •

[ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa]
• [] [ēē aa]
•

uyfywD w,, tYfZefwVH Cwfawwfog Y[d rlofap[d ...ay
ay.... Y[d Cwfawwfog
[aa   ]
• • • [ēē ]
• [aa ēē] • [aa aa  aa]
• • • [aa ēē ā]
• • [] [ōō ēē ] • • [ēē] [] [aa ēē ā] • •
tYfZefwVH rlofap[d, atoH aw tegywfwd ZodqfqwD

wD””wd. qlof Zdufck wxg tugqd.
[aa aa  aa]
• • • [ōō ēē ] • • [ēē aa]
• [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ ii   ]
• • • • [ōō] [ii ] • [ āā]
• [ āā ] • •
wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

e””wd.
[aa ] • u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (29-30)
1 -166 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qdoxduH Uefwfog

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ aa] • [aa ā] •
tufcg,dwH qVDVH yqfqdwfog wqfrd H arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqod. wqfq ukufukpfpH

[aa āā  aa]
• • • [  aa]
• • [aa ii ā]
• • [aa i]
• [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • •
t[lofqd ...ay
e””wd.
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (31)

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ aa] • [aa ā] •
a,Zk,fa,e tufcg,dwH qVDVH yqfqdwfog wqfrd H arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqod. wqfq

[ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [  aa]
• • [aa ii ā] • • [aa i]• [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa ] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
60
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1

e””wd.
u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (32) u [k]
1 -168 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qdoxduH Uefwfog c [kʰ]
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ aa] • [aa ā] •
U [g]
a,Zk,fa,e cg,dwH qVDVH yqfqdwfog wqfrd H arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqod. wqfq
C [gʰ]
[ēē u
u ēē ]
• • • [āā  aa]
• • [  aa]
• • [aa ii ā]
• • [aa i] • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa ] •
i [ṅ]
ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq. tgywfwd
u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • p [c]
xkvfvpfp,qfqgg””wd. Q [cʰ]
u aa  aa āā ]
[u • • • • • (33)
P [j]
™ [jʰ]
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ aa] • [aa ā] •
N [ñ]
QdefeqDqH yqfqdwfog owfwuaw rkac QkyefwH tHUPgwH yaoaqqd. wqfq
[ii   aa]
• • • [aa ii ā]
• • [aa  ēē] • • [ ēē] • [ aa aa] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • T [ṭ]
e””wd. I [ṭʰ]
u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (34)
J [ḍ]
$ [ḍʰ]
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ aa] • [aa ā] •
E [ṇ]
QdefeqDqH yqfqdwfog owfwuaw rkac tpfQkyefwH tHUPgwH yaoaqqd. wqfq
[ii   aa]
• • • [aa ii ā]
• • [aa  ēē] • • [ ēē] • [aa  aa aa]
• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ ēē ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • w [t]
ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq. tgywfwd Wkufuwqfqgg””wd. x [tʰ]
u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • •
W [d]
(35) X [dʰ]
1 -171 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck tNfNwVdqfqg
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [aa  ii āā]
• • • e [n]
tdwfxd,g ywdYWfXpdwfwlof [lofwd. qg ugvHuwg qkqgae QPfPdwgg.. twfIduged y [p]

[ii  āā]
• • [ aa  ii ōō]
• • • • [ōō ]• [āā] [āā aa  āā]
• • • [ āā ēē] • • [aa  āā] • • [aa  āā ]
• • •
z [pʰ]
odyfyudEfEged [lefwd. tx clof qlof Zdufck qdoxduH Uefwfog twfIduged Y [b]
[ii  ii āā ]
• • • • [ ] • [] [ōō] [ōō] [ii ] • [ aa] • [aa ā] • [aa  āā ]
• • •
Z [bʰ]
qHuPf$dwfog edrdwfaw tHUPgwH ywdygaWqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
ay....
[aa aa ii ā]
• • • [ ii ēē]
• • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [ āā ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] r [m]
tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq. tgywfwd Wkufuwqfqgg””wd. , [y]

[ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • (36)
V [r]
1 -172 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck egUd,g arxkeH v [l]
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [āā  āā] • • [ēē  aa] • •
o [v]
XrfrH ywdaqod ... ,ufcded,g arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqod ... aywd,g arxkeH
[aa aa] • [ ēē ]
• • … [aa  āā] • • [ēē  aa]• • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • … [ēē  āā]
• • [ēē  aa] • • q [s]
XrfrH ywdaqod ... yEfPuqfq arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqod. wqfq ukufukpfpH [ [h]
[aa aa] • [ ēē ]
• • … [aa  aa ]
• • • [ēē  aa]• • [aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa]
• •
` [ḷ]
t[lofqd ...ay
e””wd. tH [ŋ̊]
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (37-40)
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
61
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -173 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck tky[wdefWfVd,lof [lofwd.

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ ii  ōō] • • • [ōō ] •
qlof> eg[H aoWd,grd qkcH og WkufcH og, tegywfwd ar wD””wd> arxkeH

ZodqfqwD
[ōō] [āā aa] • [ēē  āā ]
• • • [ aa]
• [āā] u aa]
[u • [āā] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ēē] [ ii   ]
• • • • [ēē  aa]
• •
XrfrH ywdaqod. ...ay

ay.... ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. aoWd,d og qlof, Zdufcao
ao,,
[aa aa] • [ ēē ] • • [ēē] [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ēē ] • [āā] [ōō] [ii  ēē]• •
rlofCykVdqlof e og aoWd,d, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfqgg””wd.

[ōō  ōō]
• • [] [āā] [ēē ] • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa āā ]
• • • • • (41)
1 -174 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck> tdwfxd,g arxkeH

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ii  āā]
• • [ēē  aa]• •
XrfrH grD””wd> Qkydwrwfaw odyfywdqgVD t[lofqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd

ywdaqodqfqgrD
[aa aa] • [ ēē ii āā  ]
• • • • • [ aa ēē] • • [ii  āā ] • • • [ ōō ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• •
...ay
ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq. tgywfwd qHCgWdaqqqfqgg””wd.
[ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [aa āā  ēē aa āā ]
• • • • • • (42)
1 -175 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck ZWfWda, Pgwd,goae

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [aa  ēē] • • [āā  āā  ēē]
• • • •
Wdogod[gVUwlof edyefelof [lofwd. wqfq tHUrHUged ogwlywfxWfXged [lefwd.

[ āā  āā  ōō]
• • • • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ōō ] • [aa ] • [aa  aa āā ]
• • • • [āā ū
ū aa aa āā ]
• • • • • [ ] •
tNfNwVg tdwfxD yqfqdwfog tHUPgaw tZdedqDWdwfog ,goWwfxH uwfog yufugrd.

[aa  āā]
• • [ii ] • [aa ii ā] • • [aa  āā ēē]
• • • [  ii ā] • • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [aa ā] • [aa āā ] • •
Zdufcl udvdefeH yqfqdwfog ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. yNfp[d, Zdufcao

ao,,
[ii ū
ū] • [ ii aa] • • [aa ii ā] • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [aa ] • [ii  ēē] • •
tgugaV[d tHUPgwH urfred,H VgaUe,, opfape

[lofwd> VgaUe pe,, yqfqgaoe
gaoe,, ogawe,,
ogawe
[āā āā ēē ]
• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa] • • [ōō ] • [āā ēē ]• • [aa ēē ] • • [aa āā ēē ]
• • • [āā ēē ] • •
tkpfpgvdUygEuWwf
H Ie.. tdar[d clof, Zdufcao
aIe ao,, yNfp[gugaV[d tHUPgwH urfred,H
u āā ii  āā  aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • • [ ēē ]
• • [ōō] [ii  ēē] • • [aa  āā āā ēē ]• • • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa] • •
[lofwd. twfIgearwH, Zdufcao

ao,, teougqlof ,H wqfq Zdufckelof VgaUe tHUPgwH
[ōō ]• [aa āā  ēē aa]
• • • • [ii  ēē] • • [ āā ōō] • • [aa] [aa ] • [ii  ōō] • • [āā ēē ]
• • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
urfred,H tqfq. tV[H qlof, Zdufcao

ao,, Zdufck. tegywfwd, Zdufcao
ao,, wqfq
[aa  aa] • • [aa ] • [ aa] • [ōō] [ii  ēē] • • [ii ] • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa ] •
Zdufckelof”wd.
[ii  ōō ]• • • (43)
1 -176 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qgowfxd,g tefXoae

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [āā aa  āā]
• • • [aa  ēē]
• •
Wdogod[gVUwlof edyefelof [lofwd. tNfNwVg Ulofygvdug yqfqdwfog tHUPgaw tZdedqDWd.

[ āā  āā  ōō]
• • • • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ōō ] • [aa  āā] • • [ōō āā  āā]
• • • [aa ii ā]
• • [aa  āā ēē]
• • • [  ] • •
qlof Zdufck yaoqeH qgWd,d, yodwfIH qgWd,d, IdwH qgWd,d, tkWfXVEH qgWd,d.
[ōō] [ii ] • [ ēē  aa]• • • [āā ] • [ ii aa] • • [āā ] • [ aa] • [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ]
•

e””wd.
[aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (44)
1 -177 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qgowfxd,g tefXoae

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [āā aa  āā]
• • • [aa  ēē]
• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
62
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
Wdogod[gVUwlof edyefelof [lofwd. tNfNwVg tPygvdug yqfqdwfog ... tNfNwVg

[ āā  āā  ōō]
• • • • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ōō ] • [aa  āā]
• • [ āā  āā] • • • [aa ii ā] • • … [aa  āā] • • u [k]
uwfI[gVdug yqfqdwfog ... tNfNwVg Ulofr,[gVdug yqfqdwfog tHUPgaw tZdedqDWd. c [kʰ]
[aa  āā  āā]
• • • • [aa ii ā] • • … [aa  āā]
• • [ōō  āā  āā]
• • • • [aa ii ā] • • [aa  āā ēē]
• • • [  ] • •
U [g]
qlof Zdufck yaoqeH qgWd,d, yodwfIH qgWd,d, IdwH qgWd,d, tkWfXVEH qgWd,d.
C [gʰ]
[ōō] [ii ] • [ ēē  aa]
• • • [āā ]
• [ ii aa]• • [āā ]
• [ aa]• [āā ] • u  aa]
[u • • [āā ] •
i [ṅ]
e””wd.
[aa ] • u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (45-47) p [c]
1 -178 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck aoqgvd,H r[goae Q [cʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]• • [ii ] • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [ āā  ēē] • • •
P [j]
Wdogod[gVUwlof edyefelof [lofwd. tNfNwVg tdwfxD yqfqdwfog tHUPgaw
™ [jʰ]
[ āā  āā  ōō]
• • • • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ōō ] • [aa  āā]
• • [ii ]
• [aa ii ā] • • [aa  āā ēē]
• • •
N [ñ]
tZdedqDWdwfog ,goWwfxH uwfog qgrefwg [qrgeg Idwg [lofwd. qlof Zdufck
[  ii ā] • • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [aa ā]
• [āā aa āā] • • [ āā āā] • • [ āā] • [ōō ] • [ōō] [ii ] • T [ṭ]
e””wd? tgr
ywdYkPf™dwfog wH tdwfxd H atwWolofp> wk,f[dWH urfre tgr,, r,f[H e””wd.
urfre I [ṭʰ]
u ii ā]
[ u • • • [aa] [ii ii] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • u  aa]
[u • • [aa aa ] • • [āā ] • [aa a] • [aa aa ] • •
J [ḍ]
ay.... qgWd,d wfoH, Zdufcl”wd? eg[H, ZUog, PgegrD””wd.
PgegrD
$ [ḍʰ]
[aa ] • u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā ] • [a] [ii ū
ū ] • • [āā aa] • [ āā] • [āā āā  ]
• • •
E [ṇ]
tegywfwd, Zdufck, tPgeefwqfqgg””wd.
[ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [ āā aa aa āā ]
• • • • • (48) w [t]
1 -179 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck aoqgvd,H r[goae x [tʰ]
• • • [ āā  ēē] • • •
W [d]
Wdogod[gVUwlof VkufcH tyqfqg, edyefelof [lofwd. tNfNwVg tdwfxD yqfqdwfog
X [dʰ]
[ āā  āā  ōō]
• • • • • u aa]
[u • [ aa āā ]
• • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ōō ] • [aa  āā]
• • [ii ]
• [aa ii ā]
• •
e [n]
tHUPgaw tZdedqDWd. qlof Zdufck q[qg okwfIgqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
ay....
[aa  āā ēē]
• • • [  ] • • [ōō] [ii ] • [ āā] • u āā ]
[u • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] y [p]
qgWd,d wfoH, Zdufcl”wd? eg[H, ZUog, qgWd,de”wd. tegywfwd, Zdufck, z [pʰ]

[āā ]
• [a] [ii ū
ū ] • • [āā aa] • [ āā] • [āā  ii ]• • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] •
Y [b]
tqgWd,efwqfqgg””wd. Z [bʰ]
[ āā  aa aa āā ]
• • • • • • (49)
r [m]
1 -180 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck aoqgvd,H r[goae
• • • [ āā  ēē] • • • , [y]
Wdogod[gVUwlof VkufcH tyqfqg, edyefelof [lofwd. tNfNwVg tdwfxD yqfqdwfog V [r]
[ āā  āā  ōō]
• • • • • u aa]
[u • [ aa āā ]
• • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ōō ] • [aa  āā]
• • [ii ]
• [aa ii ā]
• •
v [l]
tHUPgaw tZdedqDWd. qlof Zdufck tufurdwfog yowfawqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd o [v]
[aa  āā ēē]
• • • [  ] • • [ōō] [ii ] • [aa  ii ā]
• • • [ aa ēē ]• • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• •
q [s]
...ay
ay.... qgWd,d wfoH, Zdufcl”wd? eg[H, ZUog, qgWd,de”wd. tegywfwd, Zdufck,
[ēē] [āā ] • [a] [ii ū
ū ]• • [āā aa]• [ āā] • [āā  ii ]• • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [ [h]
tqgWd,efwqfqgg””wd. ` [ḷ]
[ āā  aa aa āā ]
• • • • • • (50)
tH [ŋ̊]
1 -181 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck aoqgvd,H r[goae
• • • [ āā  ēē] • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
63
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ulwgUgVqgvg,H Wdogod[gVUwlof WfogVH odoVdwfog edyefelof [lofwd. wqfq tHUrHUged

ū āā āā  āā āā aa]
[ū • • • • • • [ āā  āā  ōō]
• • • • • [ā aa] • [ ii ā] • • [ aa ōō] • • [ōō ] • [aa ] • [aa  aa āā ]
• • • •
ogwlywfxWfXged [lefwd. awe clof ye qra,e qrfY[kvg tdwfxd,lof UefXNfp

[āā ū
ū aa aa āā ]
• • • • • [ ] • [ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ii  ōō]
• • [aa aa ] • •
rgvNfp tgWg, tgVgrH tgUrHqk od[gVayufcdug,lof. tx clof wg tdwfxd,lof wH

[āā aa ] • • [āā āā ]
• • [āā āā aa]
• • [āā  aa ]
• • • [ āā    āā ōō]
• • • • • • [] [ōō] [āā] [ii  ōō]
• • [aa]
ZdufckH yqfqdwfog tHUPgaw tZdedqDWdwfog ,goWwfxH uwfog, ykVdqlqZlof owg,efwd

[ii u
u] • [aa ii ā] • • [aa  āā ēē] • • • [  ii ā] • • • [āā  aa aa] • • • [aa ā] • ū  ōō]
[ ū • • • [ āā aa ]• • •
owfog UefXNfp rgvNfp H .

tgVlofaywfog yufurdqk Zdufcl udvdefeH yqfqdwfog ZUowlof
[aa ā]
• [aa aa ] • • [āā aa ] • • [āā ōō ēē ā]
• • • [aa  ii ] • • • [ii ū
ū] • [ ii aa]
• • [aa ii ā] • • [ ōō] •
atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. yNfp[d, Zdufcao

ao,, tgugaV[d tHUPgwH urfred,H [lofwd>
[ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [aa ] • [ii  ēē] • • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa] • • [ōō ] •
VgaUe,, opfape
VgaUe pe,, yqfqgaoe
gaoe,, ogawe,,
ogawe tkpfpgvdUygEuWwf
H Ie.. tdar[d clof, Zdufcao
aIe ao,,
[āā ēē ]
• • [aa ēē ] • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā ēē ] • • u āā ii  āā  aa ēē ]
[u • • • • • • • • [ ēē ]
• • [ōō] [ii  ēē] • •
yNfp[gugaV[d tHUPgwH urfred,H [lofwd. twfIgearwH, Zdufcao

ao,, teougqlof, ,H
[aa  āā āā ēē ]
• • • • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa] • • [ōō ] • [aa āā  ēē aa]
• • • • [ii  ēē] • • [ āā ōō] • • [aa]
wqfq Zdufckelof VgaUe tHUPgwH urfred,H tqfq. tV[H qlof, Zdufcao

ao,, Zdufck.
[aa ] • [ii  ōō] • • [āā ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa] • • [aa ] • [ aa] • [ōō] [ii  ēē] • • [ii ] •
tegywfwd, Zdufcao
ao,, wqfq Zdufckelof. tekPgegrd, ao,,
Zdufcao Wdog ywdqvfvD,efawe
[ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa ] • [ii  ōō] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ii  ēē] • • [ āā] • [ aa  aa ēē ]
• • • • •
WfogVH qHoVdwfog ywdqvfvD,dwke”wd.

[ā aa] • [aa  ii ā]
• • • [ aa   u
u ] • • • • • (51)
1 -182 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof ZgVkupfQulof Zdufck

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [āā  aa  ōō]
• • • • [ii ] •
qkydeefaw ykVgEWkwd,dug, arxkeH XrfrH ywdaqodwfog> tqfqrElof t[H,

[ aa ēē] • • [ āā  āā ]• • • • [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē ii ā] • • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ aa]•
grD””wd,
odYfZrdqfqgrD ZgVkupfQH UpfQefwlof tefwVgrUfaU tg,qfrefwH tkygvd H yqfqdwfog
[ii  ii āā  ]
• • • • • [āā  aa aa]
• • • [aa aa ōō] • • [aa  āā aa ēē]
• • • • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ āā ii]• • [aa ii ā] • •
atwrwfxH tgVlofapqd. tg,qfrg tkygvd atorg[> tegywfwd, tgokqlof, qkydeefaweg

weg””wd.
[ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ā]
• • [ āā ] • • [ēē  āā ]
• • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [āā  ōō]
• • [ aa ēē āā ] • • • •
(52)
1 -183 awe clof ye qra,e VgPUa[ qkyYfYg egr tkygqdug
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā  ēē] • • [ aa āā] • • [āā ] • [ āā  āā]
• • •
rkXyfyqefeg [lofwd. qg atoHWdwfIdug [lofwd> ,g arxkeH XrfrH aWwd qg

[ aa  aa āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [āā] [ēē aa ii  āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [āā] [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ēē ] • [āā]
tUfUWgeH aWwD”wd. qg ZdufckH yqfqdwfog atwWolofp> at[d, Zefaw

w,, arxkeH
[aa  āā aa]
• • • [ēē  ] • • [āā] [ii u
u] • [aa ii ā] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ēē ]
• [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa] • •
XrfrH ywdaqog”wd. tvH, ZUded, aewH wD””wd. at[d, Zefaw

uyfywD w,, tlVkefwVdug,
[aa aa] • [ ēē āā ] • • • [ aa] • [] [ēē aa] • [aa   ] • • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • ū u
[ū u  āā ]
• • • •
Cwfaw[d, atoH aw tegywfwd ZodqfqwD

wD””wd ...ay
ay.... at[d, Zefaw
w,, egZd,H Cwfaw[d ...
[aa ēē ] • • [ēē aa] • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ ii   ]
• • • • [ēē] [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [āā  aa]
• • [aa ēē ] • • …
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
64
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
at[d, Zefaw
w,, tkWVowfwd,H Cwfaw[d ... at[d, Zefaw
w,, tkyupfQau Cwfaw[d ...
[ēē ]
• [aa ēē] • [ aa  aa] • • • [aa ēē ] • • … [ēē ]
• [aa ēē] • [ aa  ēē] • • • [aa ēē ] • • … u [k]
at[d, Zefaw
w,, UDog,H Cwfaw[d ... at[d, Zefaw
w,, uEfEpfQdWfaW Cwfaw[d ... at[d, c [kʰ]
[ēē ]
• [aa ēē] • [ āā aa]
• • [aa ēē ] • • … [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [aa aa ii ēē] • • • [aa ēē ] • • … [ēē ]
•
U [g]
w,, auqowfwd,H Cwfaw[d ... at[d, Zefaw
Zefaw w,, tHUkvefwVdug, Cwfaw[d ... at[d,
C [gʰ]
[aa ēē] • [ēē  aa  aa]
• • • • [aa ēē ] • • … [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [aa  aa  āā ]
• • • • • [aa ēē ] • • … [ēē ]
•
i [ṅ]
w,, [wfaxe tkyufurdwfog
Zefaw rlofapqfqgrd, atoH aw tegywfwd ZodqfqwD
wD””wd. qlof
[aa ēē] • [aa ēē ] • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ōō  āā ] • • • [ēē aa]• [ēē] [ āā aa ] • • • [ ii   ]
• • • • [ōō] p [c]
Zdufck wxg tugqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, Q [cʰ]
[ii ] • [ āā] • [ āā ]
• • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ] • • • [ii ] •
P [j]
ygVgPduqfq. tgywfwd qHCgWdaqqqfqgg””wd. ™ [jʰ]
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [aa āā  ēē aa āā ]
• • • • • • (53-61)
N [ñ]
1 -184 awe clof ye qra,e qgowfxd,H qWfXg egr tkygqdug
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā aa  aa] • • • [aa āā] • [āā ] • [ āā  āā]
• • • T [ṭ]
rkXyfyqefeg [lofwd. qg atoHWdwfIdug [lofwd> ,g arxkeH XrfrH aWwd qg I [ṭʰ]
[ aa  aa āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [āā] [ēē aa ii  āā]
• • • • [ōō ] • [āā] [ēē  aa] • • [aa aa] • [ēē ] • [āā]
J [ḍ]
tUfUWgeH aWwD”wd. qg ZdufckH yqfqdwfog atwWolofp> at[d, Zefaw
w,, arxkeH $ [ḍʰ]
[aa  āā aa]
• • • [ēē  ] • • [āā] [ii u
u] • [aa ii ā] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [ēē  aa] • •
E [ṇ]
XrfrH ywdaqog”wd. tvH, ZUded, aewH wD””wd. at[d, Zefaw
uyfywD w,, tlVkefwVdug,
[aa aa] • [ ēē āā ] • • • [ aa]
• [] [ēē aa] • [aa   ] • • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • ū u
[ū u  āā ]
• • • • w [t]
Cwfaw[d ...ay
ay.... at[d, Zefaw
w,, [wfaxe tkyufurdwfog rlofapqfqgrd, atoH aw x [tʰ]
[aa ēē ] • • [ēē] [ēē ] • [aa ēē] • [aa ēē ] • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [ōō  āā ] • • • [ēē aa]
• [ēē]
W [d]
tegywfwd ZodqfqwD wxg tugqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
ay.... X [dʰ]
[ āā aa ]
• • • [ ii   ] • • • • [ōō] [ii ] • [ āā] • [ āā ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē]
e [n]
tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq. tgywfwd qHCgWdaqqqfqgg””wd.
[ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]• • [aa āā  ēē aa āā ]
• • • • • • (62-70) y [p]
1 -185 awe clof ye qra,e aoqgvd,H vdpfQodukrgVug ZdufckH z [pʰ]

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ēē āā  aa] • • • [ii  āā  āā]• • • • [ii u
u] •
Y [b]
Ua[wfog Zdufcked,g odyfywdygaWqkH ... qdufcrgeg, odyfywdygaWqkH ... qgraEVd,g Z [bʰ]
[ ēē ā]
• • [ii  āā] • • [ii  āā ēē u
• u] • • • … [ii  āā āā ]
• • • • [ii  āā ēē u
u] • • • • … [āā  ēē  āā]
• • • •
r [m]
odyfywdygaWqkH. H . tkZlof egaqwYfYgg.. tkZlof e
tkZlof qgWd,dqk H . tkZdefeH
qgWd,dqk
[ii  āā ēē u
• u] • • • [ ōō] • [āā  ii ]
• • • [ ōō] • [āā ēē aa āā]
• • • [ ōō] • [] [āā  ii ]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • , [y]
tegywfwd. V [r]
[ āā aa ]
• • • (71-76)
v [l]
1 -186 awe clof ye qra,e aoqgvd,H vdpfQodukrgVug ZdufckH o [v]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ēē āā  aa] • • • [ii  āā  āā]• • • • [ii u
u] •
q [s]
Ua[wfog aoqd,g odyfywdygaWqkH ... yEfPau odyfywdygaWqkH ... Ud[ded,g
[ ēē ā]
• • [ēē  āā]• • [ii  āā ēē u
• u] • • • … [aa  ēē] • • [ii  āā ēē u
u] • • • • … [ āā] • [ [h]
odyfywdygaWqkH. Zdufck qgWd,d. Zdufck egaqwYfYlof. Zdufck e qgWd,d. Zdufckqfq ` [ḷ]

[ii  āā ēē u
• u] • • • [ii ] • [āā ] • [ii ] • [āā ēē aa ōō]
• • • [ii ] • [] [āā ] • [ii u
u ] • •
tH [ŋ̊]
tegywfwd.
[ āā aa ]
• • • (77-82)
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
65
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -187 awe clof ye qra,e aoqgvd,H vdpfQodukrgVug Zdufcl Ua[wfog

[ēē ]
• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [ii  āā  āā]
• • • • [ii ū
ū] • [ ēē ā]
• •
tNfNrNfNH odyfywdygaWqkH. H . tkZlof egaqwYfYgg.. tkZlof e

tkZlof qgWd,dqk H .
qgWd,dqk
[aa  aa aa]
• • • [ii  āā ēē u
• u] • • • [ ōō]
• [āā  ii ]
• • • [ ōō]
• [āā ēē aa āā]
• • • [ ōō]
• [] [āā  ii ]
• • •
tkZdefeH tegywfwd.
[ ii aa]
• • [ āā aa ]
• • • (83-84)
1 -188 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof okPf$yYfYPdwlof Zdufck

[ēē ]
• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • u  aa  ōō]
[u • • • • [ii ] •
ykVgEWkwd,dug, WqfqeH tUrgqd. qg> at[d, Zefaw

w,, odYfZrg”wd tUfUa[qd. qlof
[ āā  āā ]
• • • • [aa  aa] • • [ āā ] • • [āā] [ēē ]
• [aa ēē] • [ii  āā ] • • • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [ōō]
Zdufck ywdufurefwlof tkwfwgelof yVdywd. qg tkYfZPdwfog tHUPgaw tZdedqDWd. wqfq

[ii ] • [ ii  aa ōō]
• • • • u āā ōō]
[u • • [] [āā] u  ii ā]
[u • • • [aa  āā ēē]
• • • [  ] • • [aa ]
•

ay.... qgWd,d wfoH, Zdufcl”wd? eg[H, ZUog, qgWd,de”wd.
u u
[u u aa]• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā ] • [a] [ii ū
ū ] • • [āā aa] • [ āā] • [āā  ii ]
• • •
tegywfwd, Zdufck, tqgWd,efwqfqgg””wd.

[ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [ āā  aa aa āā ]
• • • • • • (85)
1 -189 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck tVNfaN od[Vwd.

[ēē ]
• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ aa ēē]
• • []
rdUylofwulof wqfq yqfqgowfIgeH tgUefwfog yqfqgoH ydoefwlof rkace tHUPgwH

[ ōō  ōō] • • • [aa ] • [aa āā aa āā aa]
• • • • [āā aa ā]
• • [aa āā aa]
• • [ aa ōō]
• • [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā aa]
• • •
tUfUa[qd. qlof Zdufck qgWd,d. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

ay.... tgywfwd H wfoH,
[aa  ēē ]
• • • [ōō] [ii ] • [āā ]
• [aa ]
• u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a]
Zdufck, tgyefelof ygVgPdue

e””wd.
[ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (86)
1 -190 yIrygVgPduH qrwfwH.

[ āā āā  aa] • • • • [ aa aa] • •
( 1 -1.1.2
1.1.2))
Wkwd,ygVgPduqdufcgyW ( 1 -1.1.2
1.1.2))
# #
[ • āā • āā •  • ii • āā • ]
1 -191 awe qra,e YkWfXlof ZUog VgPUa[ od[Vwd UdPf™ulaw

[ēē ]
• [ ēē ] • • u ōō]
[u • [ āā] • [āā  ēē]
• • [] [ii  ū
ū ēē] • • •
aw..
yYfYaw awe clof ye qra,e qrfY[kvg qefWdwfIg qrfZwfwg Zdufcl
[aa  ēē] • • [ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [aa ii āā]
• • [aa aa āā] • • [ii ū
ū] •
tdqdUdvdyqfaq wdEukwd,lof uVdwfog oqfqH H . tg,qfrgyd Xed,lof

tkyUpfQdqk
[ aa ēē] • • [ ōō] • [ ii ā]
• • [aa aa] • [ aa ii ]
• • • [āā aa ā ]
• • • [ ōō] •
ukrfZugVykwfwlof wdEukwduH uVdwfog oqfqH tkyUpfQd. tx clof aw Zdufcl

u  āā  u
[u u ōō]
• • • • • [ aa] • [ ii ā]
• • [aa aa] • [ aa ] • • [] [ōō] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
66
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
oqfqHokwfIg awrgqpfpa,e wdEukwd,lof ZdefWdwfog wdENfp uwfINfp ywdqgarwfog

[aa aa u
u āā]
• • • [ēē āā aa  ēē ]
• • • • • [ ōō] • [ii ii ā] • • [ aa ]• • [aa aa ]
• • [ āā ēē ā] • • •
u [k]
PeyWpgVduH H .
yufurdqk tg,qfrg ye Xed,lof ukrfZugVykwfwlof wwfaxo oqfqH c [kʰ]
[ āā  aa] • • • [aa  ii ]• • • [āā aa ā]
• • [] [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [aa ēē ] • • [aa aa] •
U [g]
oqd, wwfx a[refwH, wwfx Udrf[H. tx clof tg,qfrwlof Xed,qfq
[] [aa ] • [ēē aa aa] • • [aa ] • [ii a] • [] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ aa ] • •
C [gʰ]
ukrfZugVykwfwqfq UgrH ydEfPg, yodwfIqfq wdE[gVd,lof uwfI[gVd,lof wdEukwduH i [ṅ]
u  āā  u
[u u aa ]
• • • • • • [āā aa]• [ii āā ] • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  ōō] • • • [aa  āā  ōō]
• • • • [ aa] •
p [c]
ZdefWdwfog wdENfp uwfINfp tgWg, tUrHqk. Wkwd,rfyd clof tg,qfrg Xed,lof Q [cʰ]
[ii ii ā] • • [ aa ]• • [aa aa ] • • [āā āā ] • • [ aa ] • • [ aa ] • • [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ōō] •
P [j]
ukrfZugVykwfwlof wdENfp uwfINfp qHuPf$dwfog wdEukwduH tugqd. Wkwd,rfyd clof
u  āā  u
[u u ōō]
• • • • • [ aa ]
• • [aa aa ] • • [aa aa ii ā]• • • [ aa] • [ āā ]
• • [ aa ] • • [ōō] ™ [jʰ]
tg,qfrwlof Xed,qfq ukrfZugVykwfwqfq UgrH ydEfPg, yodwfIqfq wdE[gVd,lof N [ñ]

[āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ aa ] • • u  āā  u
[u u aa ] • • • • • • [āā aa] • [ii āā ] • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  ōō] • • •
T [ṭ]
uwfI[gVd,lof wdEukwduH ZdefWdwfog wdENfp uwfINfp tgWg, tUrHqk. I [ṭʰ]
[aa  āā  ōō]
• • • • [ aa] • [ii ii ā] • • [ aa ]
• • [aa aa ] • • [āā āā ] • • [ aa ] • •
J [ḍ]
wwd,rfyd clof tg,qfrg Xed,lof ukrfZugVykwfwlof wdENfp uwfINfp qHuPf$dwfog
[ aa ] • • [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [ aa ]• • [aa aa ] • • [aa aa ii ā] • • • $ [ḍʰ]
wdEukwduH tugqd. wwd,rfyd clof tg,qfrwlof Xed,qfq ukrfZugVykwfwqfq UgrH E [ṇ]
[ aa] • [ āā ]
• • [ aa ] • • [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ aa ] • • u  āā  u
[u u aa ]
• • • • • • [āā aa] •
w [t]
ydEfPg, yodwfIqfq wdE[gVd,lof uwfI[gVd,lof wdEukwduH ZdefWdwfog wdENfp
[ii āā ] • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  ōō] • • • [aa  āā  ōō]• • • • [ aa] • [ii ii ā] • • [ aa ]• •
x [tʰ]
uwfINfp tgWg, tUrHqk. W [d]

[aa aa ]• • [āā āā ]
• • [ aa ] • •
X [dʰ]
1 -192 tx clof tg,qfrwlof Xed,qfq ukrfZugVykwfwqfq atwW[lofqd> e [n]
[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ aa ] • • u  āā  u
[u u aa ] • • • • • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
y [p]
,gowwd,uH clof ar UgrH ydEfPg, yodwfIqfq wdE[gVd,lof uwfI[gVd,lof
[āā  aa]
• • [ōō] [ēē] [āā aa] • [ii āā ] • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  ōō] • • • [aa  āā  ōō] • • • •
z [pʰ]
wdEukwduH ZdefWdwfog wdENfp uwfINfp tgWg, tUrHqk. t[H clof ye Y [b]
[ aa] • [ii ii ā] • • [ aa ] • • [aa aa ] • • [āā āā ]
• • [ aa ] • • [ aa]
• [ōō] [] Z [bʰ]
qkqdufcdwlof teo,lof qau tgpVd,au ukrfZugVurfar yVd,lofWgwqdyfylof. r [m]
[ ii  ōō]
• • • [ ōō] • [ ēē] • [āā  ēē]
• • u  āā  aa ēē]
[u • • • • • [ ōō āā  ii ōō]
• • • • •
, [y]
,efeleg[H qgrH pdufcvfvH rWfWdwfog qYfYrwfwdugr,H e””wd.
ukwduH uaV,f,e
[aa ū
ū āā aa]• • • [āā aa] • [ii aa aa] • • [aa ii ā] • • [aa  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • [ aa] • [  aa ]
• • •
V [r]
1 -193 tx clof tg,qfrg Xed,lof ukrfZugVykwfwlof qgrH pdufcvfvH v [l]

[] [ōō] [āā aa ā] • • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō]
• • • • • [āā aa] • [ii aa aa] • •
o [v]
rWfWdwfog qYfYrwfwdugr,H ukwduH uVdwfog wdENfp uwfINfp Ulofr,Nfp q [s]
[aa ii ā] • • [aa  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • [ aa] • [ ii ā] • • [ aa ]
• • [aa aa ] • • [ōō  aa ]
• • •
[ [h]
qHuPf$dwfog wH ukwduH ypd. qg t[lofqd ukwdug tZdVlyg WqfqeD,g ygqgWdug
[aa aa ii ā]
• • • [aa] [ aa] • [] [āā] [ ōō ] • • [ āā] • ū āā]
[ ū • • [aa   āā]• • • [āā āā  āā]• • • ` [ḷ]
vlof[dwdugg,, aq,f,xgyd tdefWUlofyulof. aq,f,xgyd egr H uqWfWlof; atoaroH
uduEd tH [ŋ̊]
[ōō  āā]
• • [  āā ] • • • [ii  ōō  ōō] • • • • [  āā ] • • • [āā ] • [ii  aa ōō]
• • • [ēē  ēē aa]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
67
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
wqfqg ukwdug, qWfWlof t[lofqd.

[aa āā]• [ āā ] • • [aa ōō] • [ ōō ] • •
1 -194 tx clof ZUog qrfY[kav[d Zdufcl[d qWfXd H UdPf™ulwg yYfYwg

[] [ōō] [ āā] • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [ii ū
ū ] • • [aa ii] • [ii  ū
ū āā] • • • [aa  āā] • •
tlofVlof[efwlof tWfWq wH ukwduH tZdVlyH WqfqeD,H ygqgWduH vlof[dwduH. Wdqfoge

[ōō ōō aa ōō]
• • • [aa ] • [aa] [ aa] • ū aa]
[ ū • • [aa   aa]
• • • [āā āā  aa] • • • [ōō  aa] • • [ii ā ]
• •
Zdufcl tgrefawqd> ud H atwH, Zdufcao

ao,, tZdVlyH WqfqeD,H ygqgWduH vlof[dwduH,
[ii ū
ū] • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [ii] [ēē aa]
• [ii  ēē] • • ū aa]
[ ū • • [aa   aa] • • • [āā āā  aa]
• • • [ōō  aa]
• •
aq,f,xgyd tdefWUlofyulof”wd? tx clof aw Zdufcl ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH.

[  āā ]
• • • [ii  ōō  ōō ]
• • • • • [] [ōō] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • •
odUV[d YkWfXlof ZUog> teekpfQoduH, ao,,

Zdufcao wqfq rlofCykVdqqfq teekvlofrduH
[] u ōō]
[u • [ āā] • u  aa]
[ u • • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa ] • [ōō  aa ] • • • [ ōō  aa] • • •
tyfywdVlyH tqfqgrEuH tuyfyd,H tuVED,H. uxNf[d egr qlof, Zdufcao

ao,,
[aa  ū
• ū aa] • • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ aa  aa]
• • • [  aa] • • [ aa ] • • [āā ] • [ōō] [ii  ēē] • •
rlofCykVdqlof qYfYrwfwdugr,H ukwduH uVdqfqwd. e egr,,

[d egr ao,,
Zdufcao wqfq
[ōō  ōō]
• • [aa  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • [ aa] • [ ii ]• • [] [] [āā ] • [ii  ēē] • • [aa ] •
rlofCykVdqqfq ygaEqk tekWfW,g tekurfyg toda[qg Zodqfqwd. UpfQaxwH, Zdufcao

ao,,
[ōō  aa ]
• • • [āā ēē ] • • u  āā]
[ u • • • [ aa āā] • • [ ēē āā] • • [ ii ] • • [aa  ēē aa] • • • [ii  ēē] • •
x.. rg
ukwduH ZdefWx ypfQdrg Pewg ygaEqk ygwYf,wH tgyPfPd. e ao,,
p, Zdufcao
[ aa] • [ii ] • [āā] [aa  āā] • • [ āā] • [āā ēē ] • • [āā aa  aa]
• • • [āā aa ]• • [] [] [ii  ēē] • •
qYfYrwfwdugr,g ukwdug ugwYfYg. ,lof uaV,f,, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfqgg””wd. atoH,

[aa  aa  āā  āā]
• • • • • • [ āā] • [āā aa āā]
• • [ōō] [  ] • • [āā aa ]• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • [ēē aa]
•
w””wd, clof aw Zdufcl ZUowlof ywdqfqkEdwfog a,e qg ukwdug awekyqHurdqk

Zefaw H ;
[aa ēē ] • • [ōō] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ ōō] • [ ii  ii ā]
• • • • [ēē ] • [āā] [ āā] • [ēē  aa  ii ]
• • • • •
tkyqHurdwfog H . tx clof tg,qfrg Xed,lof ukrfZugVykwfwlof aw

wH ukwduH ZdefWdqk
[ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [aa] [ aa] • [ii ii ] • • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [ēē]
Zdufcl atwWolofp> udqfq ar [,, tgokqlof, ukwduH ZdefWxg”wd? ZUog,

wkrfa[ tgokqlof,
[ii ū
ū] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ii ] • [ēē] u ē]
[u • [āā  ōō]
• • [ aa] • [ii  āā ] • • • [ āā] • [āā  ōō] • •
aZWgaywD””wd. ZdefWxgokqlof, qap XrfrqfqgrD

aZWgaywD aZWgaywD””wd.
aZWgaywD
[ēē āā ēē  ]
• • • • [ii  āā  ōō] • • • • [ ēē] • [aa aa āā ] • • • [ēē āā ēē  ]
• • • •
1 -195 tx clof tg,qfrwlof Xed,qfq ukrfZugVykwfwqfq atwW[lofqd>

[] [ōō] [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ aa ] • • u  āā  u
[u u aa ] • • • • • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
,gowwd,uH clof ar UgrH ydEfPg, yodwfIqfq wdE[gVd,lof uwfI[gVd,lof wdEukwduH

[āā  aa]
• • [ōō] [ēē] [āā aa] • [ii āā ] • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  ōō] • • • [aa  āā  ōō]
• • • • [ aa] •
ZdefWdwfog wdENfp uwfINfp tgWg, tUrHqk. ,gyd r,g qYfYrwfwdugr,g

[ii ii ā]
• • [ aa ]• • [aa aa ] • • [āā āā ] • • [ aa ] • • [āā ] • [ āā] • [aa  aa  āā  āā]
• • • • • •
ukwdug uwg qgyd ZUowg aZWgydwg. twfxd p ar WgVkUa[ UEulof qefWdwfIlof.

[ āā] • [ āā]• [āā ] • [ āā] • [ēē āā  āā] • • • [aa ] • [] [ēē] [āā  ēē] • • [ ōō] • [aa ii ōō] • •
,efeleg[H WgVkUa[ UEuH e””wd.

WgVled ,gpdwfog WgVkukwduH uaV,f,e
[aa ū
• • • [āā  ēē]
• • [ aa] • [āā ū
ū ] • • [āā ii ā]
• • [āā  aa]• • [  aa ]
• • •
1 -196 tx clof tg,qfrg Xed,lof ukrfZugVykwfwlof a,e WgVkUa[ UEulof

[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [ēē ] • [āā  ēē] • • [ ōō] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
68
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog WgVkUa[ UEuH atwWolofp> ,gowwd,uH ar,,

clof ar
[ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [āā  ēē] • • [ aa] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [āā  aa] • • [ōō] [ēē] u [k]
tgokqlof, UgrH ydEfPg, yodwfIqfq wdE[gVd,lof uwfI[gVd,lof wdEukwduH ZdefWdwfog c [kʰ]
[āā  ōō]
• • [āā aa] • [ii āā ] • • [ ii aa ]
• • • [ āā  ōō] • • • [aa  āā  ōō]
• • • • [ aa] • [ii ii ā] • •
U [g]
wdENfp uwfINfp tgWg, tUrHqk. ,gyd r,g qYfYrwfwdugr,g ukwdug uwg
C [gʰ]
[ aa ]
• • [aa aa ] • • [āā āā ] • • [ aa ] • • [āā ] • [ āā] • [aa  aa  āā  āā]
• • • • • • [ āā] • [ āā]•
i [ṅ]
qgyd ZUowg aZWgydwgg.. aW[d ar
ar,, tgokqlof, WgVled. tdpfQgrd WgVkukwduH ugwke”wd.
[āā ]
• [ āā] • [ēē āā  āā]• • • [ēē ] • [ēē] [āā  ōō]
• • [āā ū
ū ] • • [ii āā ]• • [āā  aa] • • [āā u
u ] • • p [c]
ewfxd, Zefaw
w,, wgWdqged WgVled ,geg[H t,f,qfq WaW,f,H. twfxd, Zefaw
w,, Q [cʰ]
[aa ] • [aa ēē] • [āā  āā ] • • • [āā ū
ū ] • • [āā āā aa] • • [aa aa ] • • [  aa] • • [aa ] • [aa ēē] •
P [j]
aWoU[WgVled eUVywdqHcgVduged tgyWwfxg, edufcdwfwged. qap wged WgVled ™ [jʰ]
[ēē  āā ū
• ū ] • • • [ aa āā  āā ] • • • • • [āā  aa āā ]
• • • • [ii ii āā ]
• • • [ ēē] • [āā ] • [āā ū
ū ] • •
N [ñ]
[Vgayx,,
VgPg Wgaywd [Vgayx w””wd. Wdefeged, tgokqlof, VNfNg”wd.
Zefaw
[āā āā] • [āā ēē ] • • [ āā ēē ]
• • • [aa ēē ] • • [ii āā ] • • [āā  ōō]
• • [aa āā ] • • T [ṭ]
1 -197 tx clof WgVkUa[ UEuqfq atwW[lofqd> tdar clof qrEg I [ṭʰ]
[] [ōō] [āā  ēē] • • [ aa ] • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ ēē] • [ōō] [ āā] •
J [ḍ]
quf,ykwfwd,g XrfrpgVdelof qrpgVdelof YfV[frpgVdelof qpfpogWdelof qDvoefwlof
[aa  u
• u  āā] • • • [aa  āā  ōō] • • • • [ āā  ōō] • • • [ āā  ōō] • • • [aa  āā  ōō]• • • • [  aa ōō]
• • •
$ [ḍʰ]
uvf,gEXrfrgg.. VgPgydarqH tZdyfyqefelof. egV[wd tWdefeH Wdefeefwd owfwke”wd. E [ṇ]

[aa ā  aa āā]
• • • • [āā āā  ēē aa]
• • • • [ ii  aa ōō]
• • • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• • [ii aa ] • • [aa u
u ] • •
w [t]
tx clof WgVkUa[ UEulof tg,qfrefwH Xed,H ukrfZugVykwfwH atwWolofp> x [tʰ]
[] [ōō] [āā  ēē] • • [ ōō] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ aa] • u  āā  u
[u u aa]• • • • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • •
W [d]
[Vgayx,,
[Vgayx w””wd. tx clof tg,qfrg Xed,lof ukrfZugVykwfwlof wged WgVled
Zefaw
[ āā ēē ]
• • • [aa ēē ] • • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [āā ]
• [āā ū
ū ] • •
X [dʰ]
cEfPgcEfPduH aQWgaywfog quaw[d edYfYg[gaywfog WgVkukwduH tugqd. e [n]
[aa āā aa  aa]

• • • • [ēē āā ēē ā] • • • [ ēē ] • • [ii āā āā ēē ā] • • • • [āā  aa]
• • [ āā ] • •
y [p]
1 -198 tx clof oqfqugVlof YfVg[frElof rUXr[grwfwlof VgPUa[ z [pʰ]

[] [ōō] [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ā  ōō] • • [ āā aa ōō] • • • [āā  ēē]
• •
Y [b]
urfrefaw tekqNfNg,rgelof a,e WgVkUa[ UEulof awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog
[aa aa ēē] • • [ aa āā  āā ōō] • • • • • [ēē ] • [āā  ēē] • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā]• • • •
Z [bʰ]
WgVkUa[ UEuH atwWolofp> ,ged wged, ZaE

ZaE,, aWoU[WgVled r [m]
[āā  ēē]

• • [ aa] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [āā ] • [āā ] • [ ēē] • [ēē  āā ū
• ū ] • • •
, [y]
eUVywdqHcgVduged tgyWwfxg, edufcdwfwged u[H wged WgVleDD””wd? wged, qgrd, V [r]
[ aa āā  āā ] • • • • • [āā  aa āā ]
• • • • [ii ii āā ] • • • [ aa] • [āā ] • [āā ū
ū  ] • • • [āā ]• [āā ]•
v [l]
WgVled aWaoe t,f,qfq Xed,qfq ukrfZugVykwfwqfq WdefegeD”wd.
[āā ū
ū ]
• • [ēē ēē ] • • [aa aa ] • • [ aa ] • • u  āā  u
[u u aa ] • • • • • • [ii āā  ] • • •
o [v]
1 -199 tx clof oqfqugVlof YfVg[frElof rUXr[grwfwlof tewfwrelof q [s]

[] [ōō] [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ā  ōō] • • [ āā aa ōō] • • • [ aa  ōō]
• • •
[ [h]
t[lofqd> uxNf[d egr aWolof aWoU[WgVled eUVywdqHcgVduged tgyWwfxg, ` [ḷ]
[ ōō ]
• • [ aa ] • • [āā ] • [ēē ōō] • [ēē  āā ū
ū ] • • • • [ aa āā  āā ] • • • • • [āā  aa āā ]
• • • •
tH [ŋ̊]
edufcdwfwged Xed,qfq ukrfZugVykwfwqfq wD””wd. tx clof oqfqugVlof
WqfqwD
[ii ii āā ]• • • [ aa ] • • u  āā  u
[u u aa ] • • • • • • [aa   ] • • • [] [ōō] [aa  āā ōō]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
69
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
YfVg[frElof rUXr[grwfwlof a,e VgPg rgUXlof aqed,lof YdrfYdqgVlof awekyqHurd;

[ā  ōō]
• • [ āā aa ōō] • • • [ēē ] • [āā āā] • [āā  ōō] • • [ēē  ōō] • • [ii  āā ōō] • • • [ēē  aa ]
• • •
tkyqHurdwfog VgPgeH rgUXH aqed,H YdrfYdqgVH atwWolofp> qpfpH udV

[ aa  ii ā]
• • • • [āā āā aa]
• • [āā  aa] • • [ēē  aa]
• • [ii  āā aa] • • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [aa aa] • []
aWaoe aWoU[WgVled eUVywdqHcgVduged tgyWwfxg, edufcdwfwged Xed,qfq

[ēē ēē ]
• • [ēē  āā ū
• ū ] • • • [ aa āā  āā ] • • • • • [āā  aa āā ]
• • • • [ii ii āā ] • • • [ aa ] • •
ukrfZugVykwfwqfq WdefegeD”wd? ulof atorg[g”wd? WgVkUa[ UEulof, aWog”wd. awe [d,

u  āā  u
[u u aa ]
• • • • • • [ii āā  ] • • • [ōō] [ēē  āā āā ]
• • • • [āā  ēē]
• • [ ōō] • [ēē āā ] • • [ēē ] • []
E,, WgVkUa[ UEuH

YfVg[frE tgEgay[D””wd. tx clof oqfqugVlof YfVg[frElof
tgEgay[D
[ā ]
• [āā  ēē] • • [ aa] • [āā āā ēē  ]
• • • • [] [ōō] [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ā  ōō] • •
rUXr[grwfwlof WgVkUa[ UEuH YefXH tgEgayqd.

[ āā aa ōō] • • • [āā  ēē] • • [ aa] • [aa aa] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • •
1 -200 tWfWq clof tg,qfrg Xed,lof ukrfZugVykwfwlof WgVkUa[ UEuH

[aa ] • [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [āā  ēē] • • [ aa] •
YefXH ed,f,rgeH. Wdqfoge WgVkUa[ UEuH atwWolofp> udqfq wfoH, tgokqlof,

[aa aa] • [ii  āā aa] • • • [ii ā ]
• • [āā  ēē] • • [ aa] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ii ] • [a] [āā  ōō]
• •
gqD””wd? awqH, Zefaw

YefXlof ed,f,gqD w,, WgVleH udpfpg”wd. UpfQgokqlof, t[rfyd
[aa ōō] • [ii āā  ]
• • • [ēē aa] • [aa ēē] • [āā ū
ū aa] • • [ii āā ] • • [aa āā  ōō] • • • [ aa ] • •
grD””wd. at,f,gqd, Zefaw

tgUpfQgrD w,, ykVg[H grD””wd.
[NfNgrD
[āā aa āā  ]
• • • • [ āā ] • • [aa ēē] • [ āā aa] • • [aa āā  ] • • •
1 -201 tx clof tg,qfrg Xed,lof ukrfZugVykwfwlof a,e VNfNlof

[] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [ēē ] • [aa ōō] •
rgUXqfq aqed,qfq YdrfYdqgVqfq edaoqeH awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog

[āā  aa ]
• • • [ēē  aa ] • • • [ii  āā aa ] • • • • [ ēē  aa]
• • • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • •
yNfNwfaw tgqae edqDWd. tx clof VgPg rgUXlof aqed,lof YdrfYdqgVlof a,eg,qfrg

[aa aa ēē]
• • [āā  ēē]
• • [  ] • • [] [ōō] [āā āā] • [āā  ōō] • • [ēē  ōō] • • [ii  āā ōō] • • • [ēē āā aa ā]
• • •
Xed,lof ukrfZugVykwfwlof awekyqHurd; tkyqHurdwfog tg,qfrefwH Xed,H

[ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [ēē  aa ]
• • • [ aa  ii ā] • • • • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ aa] •
ukrfZugVykwfwH tZdogaWwfog aturefwH edqDWd. aturefwH edqdefelof clof VgPg

u  āā  u
[u u aa]
• • • • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [  ] • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ ii ōō]
• • [ōō] [āā āā] •
rgUXlof aqed,lof YdrfYdqgVlof tg,qfrefwH Xed,H ukrfZugVykwfwH atwWolofp> qpfpH

[āā  ōō]
• • [ēē  ōō]
• • [ii  āā ōō] • • • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ aa] • u  āā  u
[u u aa] • • • • • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [aa aa]
•
udV r,g, w,, aWoU[WgVled

Zefaw eUVywdqHcgVduged tgyWwfxg, edufcdwfwged
[] [ āā] • [aa ēē] • [ēē  āā ū
• ū ] • • • [ aa āā  āā ] • • • • • [āā  aa āā ]
• • • • [ii ii āā ]
• • •
t,f,qfq WdefegeD”wd? atoH, r[gVgPg

r[gVgPg””wd. r,H clof, Zefaw
w,, VgPgelof egr
[aa aa ]
• • [ii āā  ] • • • [ēē aa]
• [ āā āā āā ] • • • • [ aa] • [ōō] [aa ēē] • [āā āā ōō] • • [āā ] •
Y[kudpfpg VED,g,,
Y[kuVED,g Wwfogyd e gr;; tdCH , Zefaw
qaV,f,gr w,, qVgay[D
qVgay[D””wd. qVqd
[ ii āā] • • [  āā] • • [aa ā ] • • [] [  āā ]
• • • [ii ] • [aa ēē] • [ āā ēē  ] • • • • []
wfoH, r[gVgP
r[gVgP,, yIrgZdqdwfwlof atoVlyd H ogpH Zgqdwg> ‘WdefeNfaNo
[a] [ āā āā ]
• • • [ āā  ii ōō] • • • • [ēē  ū
ū ii]
• • • [āā aa] • [āā  āā] • • [ii aa ēē ] • • •
qrEYfVg[frEgeH wdEuwfIlofWuH yVdZkNfPefwl’”wd. qVgr[H, w.. qefwd,

Zefaw
[ ā  āā aa] • • • • [ aa ōō  aa] • • • • u aa ū
[ u ū ] • • • • [ āā  aa] • • • [aa ēē] • [aa ] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
70
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
w,, qrEYfVg[frEg
Zefaw gugrg..
vPfPdelof ukufukpfpug qdufcgugrg awqH tyfyrwfwauyd
[aa ēē] • [ ā  āā] • • • [aa  ōō]
• • u u
[u u  āā] • • • [ii āā āā āā] • • • [ēē aa] • [aa  aa  ēē ]
• • • • • u [k]
ukufukpfpH tkyfyPfPwd. awqH r,g qefXg, ZgqdwH, wNfp clof tVNfaN c [kʰ]
u u
[u u aa]• • u aa ]
[u • • [ēē aa]• [ āā] • [aa āā ] • • [āā  aa] • • [aa ] • [ōō] [ aa ēē]• •
U [g]
tyVdUfU[dwH. qlof wfoH, Zefaw
w,, awe avaqe WgVled tWdefeH [VdwkH rNfNqd.
C [gʰ]
[ ii  aa]
• • • [ōō] [a] [aa ēē] • [ēē ] • [ēē ēē ]
• • [āā ū
ū ] • • [ ii aa]
• • u]
[ u • [aa ] •
uxNf[d egr rgWdqlof qrEH og YfVg[frEH og odPdaw oqefwH [ae,f, og i [ṅ]
[ aa ]

• • [āā ] • [āā  ōō] • • [ aa] • [āā] [ā  aa] • • [āā] [ ēē] • [ aa aa] • • [  ] • • [āā] p [c]
YefaX,f, og yYfYgaP,f, og. UpfQ, Zefaw
w,, vlofare wfoH rkwfwlofqd. rgqfqk ykeyd Q [cʰ]
[aa  ] • • [āā] [aa āā  ] • • • [āā] [aa ] • [aa ēē] • [ōō ēē ]• • [a] u ōō ]
[u • • [ ] • []
P [j]
atoVlyH tugqD”wd.
[ēē  ū
• ū aa] • • [ āā  ]
• • •
™ [jʰ]
rekqfqg tkPf™g,efwd cd,f,efwd odygapefwd> tvPfPdelof tdar N [ñ]

1 -202
u āā]
[ u • • u āā aa ]
[u • • • [ii aa ] • • [ āā  ]
• • • [ aa  ōō]
• • • [ ēē]
•
T [ṭ]
qrEg quf,ykwfwd,g WkqfqDvg rkqgogWdelof. tdar [d egr XrfrpgVdelof I [ṭʰ]
[ āā] • [aa  u
u  āā]
• • • • u  āā]
[u • • [ āā āā  ōō] • • • • [ ēē] • [] [āā ] • [aa  āā  ōō] • • • •
J [ḍ]
qrpgVdelof YfVg[frpgVdelof qpfpogWdelof qDvoefwlof uvf,gEXrfrg ywdPgedqfqefwd.
[ āā  ōō] • • • [ā  āā  ōō] • • • • [aa  āā  ōō] • • • • [  aa ōō]
• • • [aa ā  aa āā]
• • • • [ āā ii aa ] • • • •
$ [ḍʰ]
ewfxd tdarqH qgrNfNH, ewfxd tdarqH YfV[frNfNH. ewfIH tdarqH qgrNfNH, E [ṇ]
[aa ] • [ ēē aa]
• • [āā aa aa]
• • [aa ] • [ ēē aa]
• • [ a aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ēē aa]
• • [āā aa aa]
• •
w [t]
ewfIH tdarqH YfV[frNfNH. ukwlof tdarqH qgrNfNH, ukwlof tdarqH YfV[frNfNH. x [tʰ]
[aa aa]
• [ ēē aa]
• • [ a aa] • • [ ōō] • [ ēē aa]
• • [āā aa aa]
• • [ ōō] • [ ēē aa]
• • [ a aa] • •
W [d]
tyUwg tdar qgrNfNgg,, tyUwg tdar YfV[frNfNgg.. VgPgerfyd tdar oNfapefwd, ud H
X [dʰ]
[ āā] • [ ēē]
• [āā aa āā]
• • [ āā] • [ ēē] • [ a āā] • • [āā āā aa ]
• • • [ ēē]
• [aa  ] • • [ii]
e [n]
yeNfaN q””wd.
rekqfaq
[ aa ēē]
• • u ēē ]
[ u • • •
y [p]
1 -203 tqfqlofqkH clof Zdufcl awqH rekqfqgeH tkPf™g,efwgeH z [pʰ]

[aa ōō u
u] • • [ōō] [ii ū
ū] • [ēē aa]
• u āā aa]
[ u • • • u āā aa āā aa]
[u • • • •
Y [b]
cd,f,efwgeH odygapefwgeH. a, aw Zdufcl tyfydpfQg qefwkwfIg vPfPdelof
Z [bʰ]
[ii aa āā aa]
• • • [ āā  āā aa]
• • • • [ēē] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [aa ii āā]
• • [aa u
u āā] • • [aa  ōō] • •
ukufukpfpug qdufcgugrg aw tkPf™g,efwd cd,f,efwd odygapefwd> uxNf[d egr r [m]
u u
[u u  āā]
• • • [ii āā āā āā]
• • • [ēē] u āā aa ]
[u • • • [ii aa ] • • [ āā  ]
• • • [ aa ] • • [āā ] •
, [y]
wD””wd.
tg,qfrg Xed,lof ukrfZugVykwfwlof VNfNlof WgVled tWdefeH tgWd,dqfqwD V [r]
[āā aa ā]
• • [ ōō] • u  āā  u
[u u ōō] • • • • • [aa ōō] • [āā ū
ū ] • • [ ii aa]
• • [āā  ii   ]
• • • • •
v [l]
1 -204 tx clof aw Zdufcl tg,qfrefwH Xed,H ukrfZugVykwfwH
[] [ōō] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [ aa] • u  āā  u
[u u aa]
• • • • •
o [v]
taeuyVd,ga,e odUV[dwfog ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. tx clof ZUog q [s]

[ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ ii ā] • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
•u] • • [] [ōō] [ āā] •
[ [h]
atwqfrd H edWgae atwqfrd H yuVaE ZdufckqHCH qefedygwgaywfog tg,qfrefwH ` [ḷ]
[ēē aa i]
• • [ āā ēē]
• • [ēē aa i]
• • [ ēē] • [ii  aa aa] • • • [aa  āā āā ēē ā]
• • • • • [āā aa a aa]
• • •
tH [ŋ̊]
Xed,H ukrfZugVykwfwH ywdykpfQd> qpfpH udV wfoH, Xed,, VNfNlof WgVled
[ aa] • u  āā  u
[u u aa] • • • • • u ]
[ u • • [aa aa] • [] [a] [] [aa ōō] • [āā ū
ū ]
• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
71
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
tWdefeH tgWd,D”wd? qpfpH, ZUog”wd. odUV[d YkWfXlof ZUog> teekpfQoduH,

[ ii aa]
• • [āā   ]
• • • [aa aa] • [ āā ] • • [] u ōō]
[u • [ āā] • u  aa]
[ u • • •
rlofCykVdq, teekvlofrduH tyfywdVlyH tqfqgrEuH tuyfyd,H tuVED,H. uxNf[d

[ōō ]
• [ ōō  aa] • • • [aa  ū
ū aa]
• • • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ aa  aa]
• • • [  aa] • • [ aa ] • •
egr wfoH, rlofCykVdq, VNfNlof WgVled tWdefeH tgWd,dqfqqd. aewH, rlofCykVdq,

[āā ]
• [a] [ōō ] • [aa ōō] • [āā ū
ū ] • • [ ii aa]
• • [āā  ii ]
• • • [ēē aa] • [ōō ] •
tyfyqefegeH og yqgWg, yqefegeH og gog,;; tx cfaowH, rlofCykVdq,

Zd,f,lofZgog,
[aa  aa āā aa]
• • • • [āā] [ āā āā ] • • • [ aa āā aa]
• • • [āā] [ii ōō āā āā ] • • • • [] [ē aa] • [ōō ] •
tyfyqefegeNfapo tyfyqgWg, yqefegeNfp g,g””wd.

[aa  aa āā aa ēē ]
• • • • • • [aa  āā āā ]
• • • • [ aa āā aa ]
• • • • [ēē aa āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa āā āā ]
• • • • •
1 -205 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof ykVgEolof[gVdulof r[grwfwlof

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ āā  ōō āā  ōō]
• • • • • • [ āā aa ōō] • • •
Zdufclqk yYfYPdwlof ZUowlof todWlaV edqdefelof [lofwd. tx clof ZUog wH ZdufckH

[ii ū
ū ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ ōō] • ū ēē]
[ ū • • [ ii ōō] • • [ōō ] • [] [ōō] [ āā] • [aa] [ii u
u] •
atwWolofp> udwfwaue clof, Zdufck, VgPg rgUXlof aqed,lof YdrfYdqgVlof plofVH Ua[wfog
[ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ii  ēē ] • • • [ōō] [ii ] • [āā āā] • [āā  ōō] • • [ēē  ōō] • • [ii  āā ōō] • • • [ōō aa] • [ ēē ā] • •
[ewd og YefXwd og yYfYgaPwd og”wd? ygaWe og, ZUog, ygWgVa[e og”wd. awe
[] [āā] [aa ] • [āā] [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā ] • [āā ēē ] • • [āā] [ āā] • [āā āā  ēē ]
• • • • [āā ] • [ēē ] •
clof ye qra,e VgPUa[ yNfprgqulof ygWlof [lofwd. tx clof ZUog

[ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā  ēē]
• • [aa  āā  ōō] • • • • [āā ōō] • [ōō ] • [] [ōō] [ āā] •
tg,qfrefwH Xed,H ukrfZugVykwfwH taeuyVd,ga,e odUV[dwfog WkYfZVwg, ...ay

ay....
[āā aa a aa]
• • • [ aa] • u  āā  u
[u u aa]
• • • • • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ ii ā] • • u  āā ]
[u • • • [ēē]
ye,,
atoNfp ye ao,,
Zdufcao tdrH qdufcgyWH tkWfWdaq,f,gx>
[ēē aa ]
• • [] [ii  ēē] • • [ aa]• [ii āā  aa] • • • u   āā ]
[u • • • •
1 -206 ,lof ye Zdufck tWdefeH ax,f,qHcgwH tgWda,,f,, ,xgVlay

[ōō] [] [ii ] • [ ii aa]
• • [  aa āā aa] • • • • [āā   ]
• • • [ āā ū
ū ēē] • • •
tWdefegWgae VgPgelof plofVH Ua[wfog [ae,f,kH og YefaX,f,kH og yYfYgaP,f,kH og>

[ ii āā āā ēē]
• • • • [āā āā ōō]• • [ōō aa] • [ ēē ā]
• • u]
[  u • • [āā] [aa  u
u] • • [āā] [aa āā  u
u] • • • [āā]
‘plofVlofqd Ygvlofqd rl`f[lofqd axelofqDD’’wd, wxgVlyH Zdufck tWdefeH tgWd,rgelof t,rfyd

[ōō ōō ]
• • [āā ōō ] • • ū ō ]
[ū • • [ēē ōō  ] • • • [ āā ū
ū aa] • • • [ii ] • [ ii aa]
• • [āā  āā ōō]
• • • [ aa ] • •
ygVgPdulof [lofwd tqHogqlof”wd.

[āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ōō ] • [ aa āā ōō ]
• • • •
1 -207 atoNfpdWH ZUowg ZdufcleH qdufcgyWH yNfNwfwH [lofwd.

[ēē aa  aa]
• • • [ āā] • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa] • • [ōō ] •
1 -208 awe clof ye qra,e QYfYUfUd,g Zdufcl VPuwfxVEH Uefwfog

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa aa  āā] • • • [ii ū
ū] • [ aa  aa] • • • [aa ā] •
VPuZEfPduH to[Vdwfog tgVgrH [Vdwfog ZgaPqkH. Zdufcl atorg[Hqk>

[ aa  aa] • • • [ ii ā] • • [āā āā aa]
• • [ ii ā] • • [āā ēē u
u] • • [ii ū
ū] • [ēē  āā aa ]
• • • •
r[gykNfNwfx [,, tgokqlof. Y[kH

wkrfa[ wkrf[guH pDoVH e””wd. ukwlof, tgokqlof,
tkyfyefee
[ āā u
u aa ]
• • • • u ē]
[u • [āā  ōō]
• • u]
[ u • u ā aa]
[u • • [  aa]
• • u aa aa ]
[u • • • [ ōō] • [āā  ōō]
• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
72
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
trf[guH ykNfNH, tdWged r,H VPuwfxVEH Uefwfog VPuZEfPduH

[aa ā aa]
• • u aa]
[u • [ āā ]
• • [ aa] • [ aa  aa]
• • • [aa ā] • [ aa  aa] • • • u [k]
to[Vdrf[gg””wd. eek, tgokqlof, ZUowg qdufcgyWH yNfNwfwH. udqfq wkrfa[
[,, tgokqlof, c [kʰ]
[ ii ā ] • • • [] [āā  ōō]
• • [ āā] • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa] • • [ii ] • u ē]
[u • [āā  ōō]
• •
U [g]
VPuZEfPduH to[Vdwfxgg””wd? qpfpH, tgokqlof, ZUowg qdufcgyWH yNfNwfwH.
C [gʰ]
[ aa  aa] • • • [ ii āā ] • • • [aa aa] • [āā  ōō]
• • [ āā] • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa] • •
i [ṅ]
Ugar,, elof tVNfaN
wNfp clof Ugar N””wd. eek, tgokqlof, waxaowH [lofwd. teekpfQoduH,
[aa ] • [ōō] [āā ēē] • [ōō] [ aa ēē ]
• • • [] [āā  ōō]
• • [ ēē ēē aa]
• • • [ōō ] • u  aa]
[ u • • • p [c]
tgokqlof, teekvlofrduH tyfywdVlyH tqfqgrEuH tuyfyd,H tuVED,H. uxNf[d Q [cʰ]
[āā  ōō]
• • [ ōō  aa] • • • [aa  ū
ū aa]
• • • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [ aa  aa]
• • • [  aa] • • [ aa ] • •
P [j]
egr [,, tgokqlof, VPuZEfPduH to[Vdqfqx
wkrfa[ x.. aewH, tgokqlof, tyfyqefegeH og ™ [jʰ]
[āā ]
• u ē]
[u • [āā  ōō]
• • [ aa  aa] • • • [ ii ] • • [ēē aa] • [āā  ōō]
• • [aa  aa āā aa]
• • • • [āā]
N [ñ]
yqgWg, yqefegeH og gog,;; tx cfaowH, tgokqlof, tyfyqefegeNfapo
Zd,f,lofZgog,
[ āā āā ]
• • • [ aa āā aa]
• • • [āā] [ii ōō āā āā ]
• • • • [] [ē aa] • [āā  ōō]
• • [aa  aa āā aa ēē ]
• • • • • • T [ṭ]
tyfyqgWg, yqefegeNfp g,g””wd. tx clof aw Zdufcl
atupfpgeH tNfNxwfwg,g I [ṭʰ]
[aa  āā āā ]
• • • • [ aa āā aa ]
• • • • [ēē aa āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa āā āā ]
• • • • • [] [ōō] [ēē] [ii ū
ū] •
J [ḍ]
QYfYUfUda, Zdufcl taeuyVd,ga,e odUV[dwfog ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. $ [ḍʰ]
[aa aa  ēē]• • • [ii ū
ū] • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ ii ā] • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • •
E [ṇ]
1 -209 tx clof ZUog atwqfrd H edWgae atwqfrd H yuVaE
[] [ōō] [ āā] • [ēē aa i]
• • [ āā ēē] • • [ēē aa i]
• • [ ēē] • w [t]
ZdufckqHCH qefedygwgaywfog QYfYUfUda, [,,
Zdufcl ywdykpfQd> qpfpH udV wkrfa[ x [tʰ]
[ii  aa aa]
• • • [aa  āā āā ēē ā]
• • • • • [aa aa  ēē] • • • [ii ū
ū] • u ]
[ u • • [aa aa] • [] u ē]
[u •
W [d]
ao,,
Zdufcao VPuwfxVEH Uefwfog VPuZEfPduH to[Vdwfxgg””wd? qpfpH, ZUog”wd. X [dʰ]
[ii  ēē] • • [ aa  aa]
• • • [aa ā]
• [ aa  aa] • • • [ ii āā ] • • • [aa aa] • [ āā ] • •
e [n]
odUV[d YkWfXlof ZUog> teekpfQoduH, rlofCykVdqgg,, teekvlofrduH tyfywdVlyH
[] u ōō]
[u • [ āā] • u  aa]
[ u • • • [ōō  āā]
• • [ ōō  aa] • • • [aa  ū
ū aa]
• • • y [p]
tqfqgrEuH tuyfyd,H tuVED,H. uxNf[d egr [,, rlofCykVdqgg,,

wkrfa[ z [pʰ]
[aa āā  aa]
• • • [ aa  aa]
• • • [  aa] • • [ aa ] • • [āā ] • u ē]
[u • [ōō  āā] • •
Y [b]
x.. aewH, rlofCykVdqgg,,
VPuZEfPduH to[Vdqfqx tyfyqefegeH og yqgWg, Z [bʰ]
[ aa  aa] • • • [ ii ] • • [ēē aa] • [ōō  āā] • • [aa  aa āā aa]
• • • • [āā] [ āā āā ]
• • •
r [m]
yqefegeH og gog,;; tx cfaowH, rlofCykVdqgg,,
Zd,f,lofZgog, tyfyqefegeNfapo
[ aa āā aa]
• • • [āā] [ii ōō āā āā ]
• • • • [] [ē aa] • [ōō  āā] • • [aa  aa āā aa ēē ]
• • • • • • , [y]
tyfyqgWg, yqefegeNfp g,g””wd. tx clof ZUog
atupfpgeH tNfNxwfwg,g V [r]
[aa  āā āā ]
• • • • [ aa āā aa ]
• • • • [ēē aa āā aa]
• • • [aa  aa āā āā ]
• • • • • [] [ōō] [ āā] •
v [l]
QYfYUfUda, Zdufcl taeuyVd,ga,e odUV[dwfog WkYfZVwg, ...ay
ay.... oDVd,gVrfZqfq o [v]
[aa aa  ēē]• • • [ii ū
ū] • [ ēē  āā ēē ]
• • • • • [ ii ā] • • u  āā ]
[u • • • [ēē] [  āā aa aa ]
• • • • •
q [s]
oEfEH Zgqdwfog ZdufcleH wWekpfQoduH wWekvlofrduH Xrfrd H uxH uwfog
[aa aa] • [āā ii ā]
• • [ii ū
ū aa] • • u  aa]
[ u • • • [ ōō  aa] • • • [aa ii] • [ aa] • [aa ā] • [ [h]
Zdufcl tgrefawqd ...ay

ay.... atoNfp ye
ye,, ao,,
Zdufcao tdrH qdufcgyWH tkWfWdaq,f,gx> ` [ḷ]
[ii ū
ū] • [āā aa ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [ēē aa ]
• • [] [ii  ēē] • • [ aa]• [ii āā  aa]
• • • u   āā ]
[u • • • •
tH [ŋ̊]
1 -210 ,lof ye Zdufck Ugrg og tVNfNg og tWdefeH ax,f,qHcgwH
[ōō] [] [ii ] • [āā āā] • [āā] [ aa āā]
• • [āā] [ ii aa]
• • [  aa āā aa] • • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
73
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
tgWda,,f,, ,xgVlay tWdefegWgae VgPgelof plofVH Ua[wfog [ae,f,kH og YefaX,f,kH

[āā   ]
• • • [ āā ū
ū ēē]
• • • [ ii āā āā ēē]
• • • • [āā āā ōō] • • [ōō aa] • [ ēē ā] • • •u]
[  u • [āā] [aa  u
u] • •
og yYfYgaP,f,kH og> ‘plofVlofqd Ygvlofqd rl`f[lofqd axelofqDD’’wd, wxgVlyH Zdufck tWdefeH

[āā] [aa āā  u
u]
• • • [āā] [ōō ōō ] • • [āā ōō ] • • ū ō ]
[ū • • [ēē ōō  ] • • • [ āā ū
•ū aa] • • [ii ] • [ ii aa]
• •
tgWd,rgelof t,rfyd ygVgPdulof [lofwd tqHogqlof”wd.

[āā  āā ōō]
• • • [ aa ]
• • [āā āā  ōō] • • • [ōō ] • [ aa āā ōō ]
• • • • (2:2)
1 -211 ,lof yegwd ,lof ,gWdqlof ...ay

ay.... Zdufclwd ...ay
ay.... t,H tdrqfrd H
[ōō] [ āā ] • • [ōō] [āā  ōō] • • [ēē] [ii ū
ū ] • • [ēē] [ aa] • [ aa i]
• •
twfax tXdyfaywlof Zdufclwd.

[aa ēē]
• [ ii ēē ōō]
• • • [ii ū
ū ] • •
1 -212 Ugrlof egr atuukwdulofyd Ugrlof, Wfodukwdulofyd Ugrlof, wdukwdulofyd

[āā ōō] • [āā ] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [āā ōō] • [ ōō ] • • [āā ōō]• [ ōō ] • •
Ugrlof, pwkukwdulofyd Ugrlof, qrekqfqlofyd Ugrlof, trekqfqlofyd Ugrlof, yVdufcdwfwlofyd Ugrlof,

[āā ōō]
• [ ōō ] • • [āā ōō] • u ōō ]
[ u • • • [āā ōō]• u ōō ]
[ u • • • [āā ōō] • [ ii ii ōō ]
• • • • [āā ōō]
•
tyVdufcdwfwlofyd Ugrlof, UlofedqgWdedodwfIlofyd Ugrlof, ,lofyd qwfxlof twdaVupwkrgqedodwfIlof

[ ii ii ōō ]
• • • • [āā ōō] • [ōō  āā  ii ōō ]
• • • • • • [āā ōō] • [ōō ] • [aa ōō] • [ ēē  āā  ii ōō]
• • • • • •
qlofyd okpfpwd Ugrlof.

[ōō ]
• u ]
[u • [āā ōō] •
1 -213 UgrlypgVlof egr yVdufcdwfwqfq Ugrqfq tdefWcDav Idwqfq

[āā ū
ū  āā ōō]
• • • • [āā ] • [ ii ii aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ] • • [ii   ēē]
• • • [ aa ] • •
rPf™drqfq ykVdqqfq avPfPkygwlof, tyVdufcdwfwqfq Ugrqfq CVlypgaV Idwqfq

[aa  aa ]
• • • [ aa ] • • [  āā ōō] • • • [ ii ii aa ] • • • • [āā aa ] • • ū  āā ēē]
[ ū • • • • [ aa ]
• •
rPf™drqfq ykVdqqfq avPfPkygwlof.

[aa  aa ]
• • • [ aa ] • • [  āā ōō] • • •
1 -214 tVNfNH egr Iaywfog UgrNfp UgrlypgVNfp toaqqH tVNfNH

[ aa aa]
• • [āā ] • [ ēē ā] • • [āā aa ] • • [āā ū
ū  āā aa ]
• • • • • [ ēē aa] • • [ aa aa]
• •
egr..
egr
[āā ] •
1 -215 tWdefeH egr ,H tWdefeH tedqfqwfIH tyVdpfpwfwH VufcdwH

[ ii aa]
• • [āā ] • [aa] [ ii aa]
• • [ ii aa aa]
• • • [ ii aa aa]
• • • [aa  aa] • •
UlofydwH rrg,dwH yVyVdUfU[dwH. egr..

atwH tWdefeH egr
[ōō  aa]
• • [ āā  aa]• • • [ ii  aa] • • • [ēē aa] • [ ii aa]• • [āā ] •
1 -216 ax,f,qHcgwefwd ax,f,pdwfwlof to[VEpdwfwlof.

[  aa āā aa ]
• • • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [ ii ōō] • •
1 -217 tgWda,,f,gwd tgWda,,f, [aV,f, to[aV,f, tdVd,gyxH

[āā   āā ]
• • • • [āā   ]
• • • [  ] • • [  ] • • [ āā  aa]
• • •
odulofay,f, Igeg pgao,f, qHauwH oDwdegar,f,.

[ ōō  ]
• • • [āā āā] • [āā  ]• • [aa ēē aa] • • [  āā  ]
• • • •
1 -218 ,xgVlyH egr ygWH og ygWgV[H og twdaVuygWH og.

[ āā ū
ū aa]
• • • [āā ] • [āā aa] • [āā] [āā āā  aa]• • • [āā] [ ēē  āā aa]
• • • • [āā]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
74
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -219 VgPgelof egr yxYf,gVgPg yaWqVgPg rEfPvdug tefwVZlofUdug

[āā āā ōō]
• • [āā ] • [ ā āā āā] • • • [ ēē  āā āā]
• • • • [aa  āā] • • [aa  ōō  āā]
• • • •
u [k]
tufcWqfqg r[grwfwgg,, a, og ye aQPfPaZPfPH uVlefwg tekqgqefwd. ataw c [kʰ]
[aa  aa āā]
• • • [ āā aa āā]
• • • [ēē] [āā] [] [   aa] • • • [  āā]
• • [ āā aa ]• • • [ēē ēē]•
U [g]
egr..
VgPgelof egr
[āā āā ōō]
• • [āā ] •
C [gʰ]
1 -220 plofVlof egr ,lof yNfprgquH og twdaVuyNfprgquH og i [ṅ]
[ōō ōō] • [āā ] • [ōō] [aa  āā  aa] • • • • [āā] [ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā] p [c]
tUfCeuH tWdefeH ax,f,qHcgwH tgWd,wd. atqlof plofVlof egr
egr.. Q [cʰ]
[aa  aa]
• • [ ii aa]
• • [  aa āā aa] • • • • [āā ]
• [ēē ōō]
• [ōō ōō]
• [āā ] •
P [j]
1 -221 [ae,f,kH ogwd [wfaxe og ygaWe og uqg, og aowfawe og
u]
[  u • • [āā ] • [aa ēē ] • • [āā] [āā ēē ] • • [āā] [ āā ] • • [āā] [ ēē ] • • [āā]
™ [jʰ]
tPf$WEfPaue og aQPfPg, og [ae,f,kH. N [ñ]

[aa  aa  ēē ]
• • • • • [āā] [ āā ] • • [āā] u]
[  u • •
T [ṭ]
1 -222 YefaX,f,kH ogwd VPfPkYefXaee og tefWkYefXaee og I [ṭʰ]
[aa  u
u] • • [āā ] • [aa  aa  ēē ]
• • • • • [āā] [aa  aa  ēē ]
• • • • • [āā]
J [ḍ]
qHcvduYefXaee og CVYefXaee og eUVYefXaee og UgrYefXaee
[aa  aa  ēē ]
• • • • • [āā] [ aa  ēē ] • • • • [āā] [ aa  ēē ] • • • • [āā] [āā  aa  ēē ]
• • • • •
$ [ḍʰ]
og edUrYefXaee og YefaX,f,kH, ykVdqUkwfwd H og uaV,f,kH. E [ṇ]

[āā] [ aa  ēē ] • • • • [āā] [aa  u
u] • • u ii]
[ u • • [āā] u]
[  u• •
w [t]
1 -223 yYfYgaP,f,kH ogwd Ugrg og edUrg og eUVg og PeyWg og x [tʰ]
[aa āā  u
u] • • • [āā ] • [āā āā] • [āā] [ āā] • [āā] [ āā] • [āā] [ āā] • [āā]
W [d]
PeyWyaWqg og yYfYgaP,f,kH.
[ ēē āā] • • [āā] [aa āā  u
u] • • •
X [dʰ]
1 -224 plofVlofqd Ygvlofqd rl`f[lofqd axelofqDwd yVdZgqlof atqlof. e [n]
[ōō ōō ]• • [āā ōō ] • • ū ō ]

[ū • • [ēē ōō  ] • • • [ āā ōō] • • [ēē ōō]
•
y [p]
1 -225 wxgVlyH egr ygWH og ygWgV[H og twdaVuygWH og. z [pʰ]

[ āā ū
ū aa]
• • • [āā ] • [āā aa] • [āā] [āā āā  aa]
• • • [āā] [ ēē  āā aa]
• • • • [āā]
Y [b]
1 -226 tgWd,rgelofwd tgWd,rgelof [Vrgelof to[Vrgelof tdVd,gyxH
Z [bʰ]
[āā  āā ōō ]
• • • • [āā  āā ōō]
• • • [ āā ōō] • • [ āā ōō] • • [ āā  aa]
• • •
odulofy,rgelof Igeg pgo,rgelof qHauwH oDwdegr,rgelof. r [m]
[ ōō  āā ōō]

• • • • [āā āā]• [āā  āā ōō]
• • • [aa ēē aa]
• • [  āā  āā ōō]
• • • • •
, [y]
1 -227 t,rfyDwd ykVdrH tkygWg, okpfpwd. V [r]
[ aa  ]
• • • [ aa] • [ āā āā ]
• • • u ]
[u •
v [l]
1 -228 ygVgPdulof [lofwDwd aq,f,xgyd egr yEfPkyvgqlof YefXeg
o [v]
[āā āā  ōō]• • • [ōō  ] • • [  āā ] • • • [āā ] • [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [aa  āā] • •
q [s]
g,;; atoaro
yokwfwlof tZYfYlof [Vdwwfxg, Zdufck ygWH og ygWgV[H og
u ōō]
[ u • • [ aa ōō]
• • [ aa āā ] • • • [ēē  ēē ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā aa] • [āā] [āā āā  aa]
• • • [āā] [ [h]
twdaVuygWH og tWdefeH ax,f,qHcgwH tgWd,dwfog tqfqrElof [lofwd ` [ḷ]

[ ēē  āā aa]
• • • • [āā] [ ii aa]
• • [  aa āā aa] • • • • [āā  ii ā]
• • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ōō ] •
tH [ŋ̊]
tquf,ykwfwd,lof. awe okpfpwd> ygVgPdulof [lofwDD””wd.
[ aa  u
• u  ōō]
• • • • [ēē ] • u ]
[u • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ōō  ] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
75
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -229 tqHogqlofwd qHogqlof egr atuurfrH wg..

atukWfaWqlof qrqdufcwg
[ aa āā ōō ]
• • • • [aa āā ōō] • • [āā ] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [ēē u
u ēē ōō]
• • • [ ii  āā] • • •
atqlof qHogqlof egr..

egr qlof awe qWfXd H ewfxd. awe okpfpwd> tqHogqlof”wd.
[ēē ōō]
• [aa āā ōō] • • [āā ] • [ōō] [ēē ] • [aa ii] • [aa ] • [ēē ] • u ]
[u • [ aa āā ōō ]
• • • •
1 -230 ZlrwfIH xvwfIH tgugqwfIH ao[gqwfIH tkWuwfIH egowfIH

ū aa aa]
[ū • • [ aa aa] • • [āā āā aa aa]
• • • [ēē āā aa aa]
• • • [ aa aa] • • [āā aa aa] • •
,gewfIH ZgVwfIH tgVgrwfIH od[gVwfIH acwfwwfIH owfxkwfIH UgrwfIH

[āā aa aa]
• • [āā aa aa] • • [āā āā aa aa]
• • • [ āā aa aa]
• • • [ aa aa] • • [aa u
u aa] • • [āā aa aa] • •
tVNfNwfIH tkWuH WefwylofEH oeyfywd [VEuH tkyedXd qkHuCgwH ygElof

[ aa aa aa]
• • • [ aa] • [aa  ōō aa] • • • [ aa ] • • [ aa] • [] u  āā aa]
[u • • • [āā ōō] •
tyWH WfodyWH pwkyfyWH Y[kyfyWH tlofpVulof tlofEdVufclof qHodWgo[gVlof

[ aa] • [ aa] • u  aa]
[ u • • • u  aa]
[ u • • • [ōō  ōō]
• • [ōō  aa ōō]
• • • [aa  āā  āā ōō]
• • • • •
qHauwurfrH edrdwfwurfrefwd.
[aa ēē  aa aa]
• • • • [ ii  aa aa ]
• • • • •
1 -231 ZlrwfIH egr ZEfPH Zlrd,H edufcdwfwH [lofwd edcgwH

[ū • • [āā ] • [aa aa] • ū  aa]
[ū • • [ii ii aa] • • [ōō ] • [ āā aa] • •
ywdpfQefeH. ZlrwfIH ZEfPH to[VdqfqgrDwd ax,f,pdwfwlof Wkwd,H og yVda,qwd

[ ii aa aa]
• • • ū aa aa]
[ū • • [aa aa] • [ ii āā  ] • • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [ aa] • [āā] [ ēē ] • •
ukWgvH og ydwuH og yVda,qwd UpfQwd og, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. wwfx

[ āā aa]
• • [āā] [ aa] • [āā] [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • [āā] [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa ] •
PgwuH uwfIH og vwH og QdefWwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. wwfx yHqkH cEwd

[āā  aa]
• • [aa aa] • [āā] [ aa] • [āā] [ii ] • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa ] • [aa u
u] • []
og Yf,l[wd og tkWfXVwd og, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. ukrfZd H tgrqwd, tgywfwd

[āā] [ū ] • [āā] u ]
[u • [āā] [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • u ii]
[u • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• •
Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd

u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]• • [āā aa ]
• •
ygVgPduqfq. twfwelof ZgPeH yaoaqwfog yNfprgquH og twdaVuyNfprgquH og

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa  ōō]
• • [āā  aa] • • [ ēē ēē ā]
• • • [aa  āā  aa] • • • • [āā] [ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā]
tUfCeuH ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd

[aa  aa]
• • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ] • •
xkvfvpfp,qfq. twfwelof ZgPeUwH og uVlofwd rkwfId H og QdefWwd, tgywfwd

u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [aa  ōō] • • [āā  aa]
• • [āā] [ ōō ] • • u ii]
[u • [āā] [ii ] • [āā aa ]• •
ygVgPduqfq. qkwfwgVk`f[H ZEfPH ygrHUH og uEfIqkwfwuH og uwdqkwfwuH og

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • u āā u
[u u a]
• • • [aa aa] • [āā aa aa] • • [āā] [aa  u
u  aa] • • • • [āā] u  aa]
[ u • • • [āā]
qgwuH og aoIeH og ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd,

[āā  aa]
• • [āā] [ēē  aa]
• • [āā] [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • •
tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. ulofwd,H Ua[wfog tkpfpgaVwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq.

[āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ōō  aa] • • [ ēē ā] • • u āā ēē ]
[u • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
CHqefwlof eD[Vwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. tefwrqlof auqUfUrwfwrfyd ukrfZdrkcg

[aa aa ōō] • • [ ]• [āā aa ]• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [aa  ōō] • • [ēē aa  aa aa ]
• • • • • u  āā]
[u • •
rlofapwd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. qyfyd H og awvH og rXkH og zgEdwH og

[ōō ēē ] • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • [aa ii] • [āā] [ēē aa]
• [āā] u]
[ u • [āā] [āā  aa] • • [āā]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
76
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
yNfprgquH og twdaVuyNfprgquH og tUfCeuH ax,f,pdwfwlof ataue

[aa  āā  aa]
• • • • [āā] [ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā] [aa  aa] • • [  ii ōō]
• • • [ēē ēē ] • •
u [k]
y,lofaUe ydowd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. wwfaxo ZdefWwd og QPfaPwd og ™gaywd c [kʰ]
[ ōō ēē ]
• • • [] [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa ēē ] • • [ii ] • [āā] [aa ēē ] • • [āā] [āā ēē ]• •
U [g]
og tyVdZlofUH og uVlofwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq.
[āā] [ ōō aa] • • [āā] [ ōō ] • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
C [gʰ]
i [ṅ]
1 -232 xvwfIH egr ZEfPH xav edufcdwfwH [lofwd. xvwfIH ZEfPH
[ aa aa] • • [āā ] • [aa aa] • [ ēē] • [ii ii aa]• • [ōō ] • [ aa aa]
• • [aa aa] • p [c]
to[VdqfqgrDwd ax,f,pdwfwlof Wkwd,H og yVda,qwd UpfQwd og, tgywfwd Q [cʰ]
[ ii āā  ] • • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [ aa] • [āā] [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • [āā] [āā aa ]
• •
P [j]
Wkufuwqfq. tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq.
™ [jʰ]
u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ] • • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
N [ñ]
Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.
[āā āā] • [āā ēē ] • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • T [ṭ]
1 -233 tgugqwfIH egr ZEfPH tgugqUwH [lofwd. rlofVlof og I [ṭʰ]
[āā āā aa aa]
• • • [āā ] • [aa aa] • [āā āā  aa]
• • • [ōō ] • [ōō ōō] • [āā]
J [ḍ]
uydNfPVlof og wdwfwdVlof og owfwulof og, qgwuH og aoIeH og [dVNfNH og $ [ḍʰ]
[ ii  ōō]
• • • [āā] [ii  ōō]
• • [āā] [aa  ōō] • • [āā] [āā  aa] • • [āā] [ēē  aa] • • [āā] [ aa aa] • • [āā]
E [ṇ]
qkoEfEH og QdPfPrgeH ywwd. tgugqwfIH ZEfPH to[VdqfqgrDwd ax,f,pdwfwlof
[ aa aa]
• • [āā] [ii  āā aa]
• • • [] [āā āā aa aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [ ii āā  ] • • • • [  ii ōō] • • • w [t]
Wkwd,H og yVda,qwd UpfQwd og, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. UreH tkypfQdefWwd, x [tʰ]
[ aa] • [āā] [ ēē ]
• • [aa ] • [āā] [āā aa ]• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [ aa] • [ aa ii ]
• • •
W [d]
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd X [dʰ]
[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• •
e [n]
xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.
u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]• • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • y [p]
1 -234 ao[gqwfIH egr ZEfPH ao[gqUwH [lofwd. rNfap og yDaI og z [pʰ]

[ēē āā aa aa]
• • • [āā ] • [aa aa] • [ēē āā  aa] • • • [ōō ] • [aa ēē] • [āā] [ ēē] • [āā] Y [b]
pDoVoHaq og pDoVVPfPk,g og Zdwfwdcdav og egUWefaw og Vkufac og Z [bʰ]
[  aa ēē]
• • • [āā] [  aa  āā]
• • • • [āā] [ii  ēē] • • [āā] [āā  aa ēē]
• • • [āā] u ēē]
[u • [āā]
r [m]
vUfUdwH [lofwd, tefwrqlof ywfwgXgVauyd. ao[gqwfIH ZEfPH to[VdqfqgrDwd
[aa  aa]• • [ōō ] • [aa  ōō]
• • [aa āā āā  ēē ]
• • • • • [ēē āā aa aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [ ii āā  ] • • • • , [y]
ax,f,pdwfwlof Wkwd,H og yVda,qwd UpfQwd og, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. tgrqwd, V [r]

[  ii ōō] • • • [ aa] • [āā] [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • [āā] [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā ]
•
v [l]
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd o [v]
[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]• • [āā aa ]
• •
q [s]
ygVgPduqfq.
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
[ [h]
1 -235 tkWuwfIH egr ZEfPH tkWau edufcdwfwH [lofwd. tkWuwfIH ` [ḷ]

[ aa aa] • • [āā ] • [aa aa] • [ ēē] • [ii ii aa]
• • [ōō ] • [ aa aa] • •
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
77
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ZEfPH to[VdqfqgrDwd ax,f,pdwfwlof Wkwd,H og yVda,qwd UpfQwd og, tgywfwd

[aa aa] • [ ii āā  ] • • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [ aa] • [āā] [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • [āā] [āā aa ]
• •
Wkufuwqfq. edrkPfPwd og tkrfrkPfPwd og, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. tgrqwd, tgywfwd

u  aa ]
[u • • • u ]
[ u • • [āā] u u
[u u ] • • [āā] [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• •

u  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]• • [āā aa ]
• •
ygVgPduqfq. wwfx PgwuH tkyfyvH og yWkrH og ykEfPVDuH og ZdqH og

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa ] • [āā  aa]
• • u  aa]
[u • • [āā] [ aa] • [āā] u   aa]
[u • • • [āā] [ aa] • [āā]
rpfQH og upfQyH og yNfprgquH og twdaVuyNfprgquH og tUfCeuH

[aa aa] • [āā] [aa  aa] • • [āā] [aa  āā  aa] • • • • [āā] [ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā] [aa  aa] • •
ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq.

[  ii ōō]
• • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.

[āā āā]
• [āā ēē ]• • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
1 -236 egog egr ,g, wVwd. egowfIH egr ZEfPH egog,

[āā āā] • [āā ] • [āā ] • [] [āā aa aa] • • [āā ] • [aa aa] • [āā āā ] • •
edufcdwfwH [lofwd. egowfIH ZEfPH grD””wd ax,f,pdwfwlof Wkwd,H og

to[VdqfqgrD
[ii ii aa]
• • [ōō ]
• [āā aa aa]
• • [aa aa] • [ ii āā  ] • • • • [  ii ōō]• • • [ aa] • [āā]
yVda,qwd UpfQwd og, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq.

[ ēē ] • • [aa ] • [āā] [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. egoH

[aa āā ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ] • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa]•
to[VdqfqgrDwd ax,f,pdwfwlof Wkwd,H og yVda,qwd UpfQwd og, tgywfwd

[ ii āā  ] • • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [ aa] • [āā] [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • [āā] [āā aa ] • •
Wkufuwqfq. tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq.

u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
YefXeH rlofapwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. YefXeH rlofapwfog tgrqwd, tgywfwd

[aa  aa]
• • [ōō ēē ]
• • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa  aa] • • [ōō ēē ā] • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• •
Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. tkWfXH og tXlof og wdVd,H og

u  aa ]
[u • • • • u aa]
[u • [āā] [ ōō] • [āā] [ aa] • [āā]
tefwrqlof auqUfUrwfwrfyd qHugarwd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.

[aa  ōō]
• • [ēē aa  aa aa ]
• • • • • [aa āā ēē ]• • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
1 -237 ,geH egr o,f[H Vxlof quwH qefWrgedug. ,gewfIH egr

[āā aa] • [āā ] • [aa a] • [ ōō] • [ aa] • [aa  āā  āā]
• • • • [āā aa aa] • • [āā ] •
ZEfPH ,gae edufcdwfwH [lofwd. ,gewfIH ZEfPH to[VdqfqgrDwd ax,f,pdwfwlof

[aa aa] • [āā ēē] • [ii ii aa] • • [ōō ] • [āā aa aa]
• • [aa aa] • [ ii āā  ] • • • • [  ii ōō] • • •
Wkwd,H og yVda,qwd UpfQwd og, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. tgrqwd, tgywfwd

[ aa] • [āā] [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • [āā] [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• •

u  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]• • [āā aa ]
• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
78
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ygVgPduqfq. ,geH to[VdqfqgrDwd ax,f,pdwfwlof Wkwd,H og yVda,qwd UpfQwd

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa] • [ ii āā  ] • • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [ aa] • [āā] [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • u [k]
og, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd c [kʰ]
[āā] [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• •
U [g]
C [gʰ]
u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]
• • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
i [ṅ]
1 -238 ZgVlof egr qDqZgVlof cefXZgVlof uwdZgVlof tlofvrfYulof. qDaq
[āā ōō] • [āā ] • [  āā ōō]
• • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ āā ōō] • • [ōō aa  ōō]
• • • [ ēē] • p [c]
ZgVH ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd Q [cʰ]
[āā aa]• [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• •
P [j]
xkvfvpfp,qfq. cefXH tlofVlofaywd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. cefaX ZgVH ™ [jʰ]
u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [aa aa] • [ōō ōō ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa ēē] • [āā aa] •
N [ñ]
[  ii ōō] • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • T [ṭ]
uwd H tlofVlofaywd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. uwd,g ZgVH ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqwd, I [ṭʰ]

[ ii]
• [ōō ōō ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • [ āā] • [āā aa] • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ]
•
J [ḍ]
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. [wfaxe UEf[gwd, $ [ḍʰ]
[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ] • • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [aa ēē ] • • [aa ā ] • •
E [ṇ]
tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. [wfax ZgVH ax,f,pdwfwlof Zlrd,H edufcdywd, tgywfwd
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa ēē] • [āā aa] • [  ii ōō] • • • ū  aa]
[ū • • [ii ] • [āā aa ]• •
w [t]
ygVgPduqfq. ax,f,pdwfwlof Zlrdwlof UEf[gwd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. x [tʰ]

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [  ii ōō] • • • ū  ōō]
[ū • • [aa ā ] • • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
W [d]
1 -239 tgVgrlof egr ykyfzgVgrlof zvgVgrlof. tgVgrwfIH egr ZEfPH X [dʰ]
[āā āā ōō]
• • [āā ] • u āā āā ōō]
[u • • • [ āā āā ōō] • • • [āā āā aa aa]
• • • [āā ]• [aa aa] •
e [n]
tgVgar pwl[d Igae[d edufcdwfwH [lofwd> ZlrwfIH xvwfIH, tgugqwfIH,
[āā āā ēē]
• • ū ]
[ ū • • [āā ēē ] • • [ii ii aa]
• • [ōō ] • ū aa aa]
[ū • • [ aa aa] • • [āā āā aa aa]
• • •
y [p]
ao[gqwfIH. tgVgrwfIH ZEfPH to[VdqfqgrDwd ax,f,pdwfwlof Wkwd,H og yVda,qwd z [pʰ]

• • • [āā āā aa aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [ ii āā  ] • • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [ aa] • [āā] [ ēē ] • •
Y [b]
UpfQwd og, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, Z [bʰ]

[aa ] • [āā] [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • •
r [m]
tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. wwfx PgwuH
[āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]• • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • [aa ] • [āā  aa] • •
, [y]
rlvH og wpH og ywfwH og ykyfzH og zvH og yNfprgquH og V [r]

ū aa]
[ū • [āā] [ aa] • [āā] [aa aa] • [āā] u aa]
[u • [āā] [ aa] • [āā] [aa  āā  aa] • • • • [āā] v [l]
twdaVuyNfprgquH og tUfCeuH ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. o [v]
[ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā] [aa  aa]
• • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
q [s]
zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. tgVgrH
[aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]• • [āā aa ] • • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā āā aa]
• •
[ [h]
tZd,kNfPwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. qgrduqfq odrwd H tkyfygaWwd, tgywfwd ` [ḷ]

u ]
[ u • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā  aa ]• • • [ ii] • u āā ēē ]
[u • • • [āā aa ]
• •
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
79
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
xkvfvpfp,qfq. qgrdulof e r,f[H ZodqfqwDwd XkVH edufcdywd, tgywfwd

u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā  ōō] • • [] [aa a] • [ ii   ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ii ] • [āā aa ]
• •
ygVgPduqfq. XrfrH pVefwlof qgrduH yVgaPwd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. XrfrH

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa aa] • [ aa ōō] • • [āā  aa]
• • [ āā ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • [aa aa] •
pVefwlof yVPfPwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq.

[ aa ōō]
• • [ aa ]
• • [āā aa ]• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
1 -240 od[gVwfIH egr ZEfPH od[gaV pwl[d Igae[d edufcdwfwH [lofwd>

[ āā aa aa]
• • • [āā ] • [aa aa] • [ āā ēē] • • ū ]
[ ū • • [āā ēē ] • • [ii ii aa] • • [ōō ] •
ZlrwfIH, xvwfIH, tgugqwfIH, ao[gqwfIH. od[gVwfIH ZEfPH to[VdqfqgrDwd

[ū • • [ aa aa]
• • [āā āā aa aa]
• • • [ēē āā aa aa]
• • • [ āā aa aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [ ii āā  ] • • • •
ax,f,pdwfwlof Wkwd,H og yVda,qwd UpfQwd og, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. tgrqwd,

• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā ]
•
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd

[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]
• • [āā aa ]
• •
ygVgPduqfq. od[gVH tZd,kNfPwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. qgrduqfq odrwd H

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ āā aa]
• • u ]
[ u • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā  aa ]• • • [ ii] •
tkyfygaWwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. qgrdulof e r,f[H ZodqfqwDwd XkVH

u āā ēē ]
[u • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā  ōō]• • [] [aa a] • [ ii   ] • • • • [ aa] •
edufcdywd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. XrfrH pVefwlof qgrduH yVgaPwd, tgywfwd

[ii ] • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa aa] • [ aa ōō]
• • [āā  aa] • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• •
ygVgPduqfq. XrfrH pVefwlof yVPfPwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq.

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa aa] • [ aa ōō] • • [ aa ] • • [āā aa ]• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
1 -241 acwfwH egr ,wfx ykYfYEfEH og tyVEfEH og Pg,wd.

[ aa] • [āā ] • [aa ] • u aa aa]
[u • • [āā] [ aa aa] • • [āā] [āā ] •
acwfwwfIH egr ZEfPH acwfaw pwl[d Igae[d edufcdwfwH [lofwd> ZlrwfIH,

[ aa aa] • • [āā ] • [aa aa] • [ ēē] • ū ]
[ ū • • [āā ēē ] • • [ii ii aa] • • [ōō ] • ū aa aa]
[ū • •
xvwfIH, tgugqwfIH, ao[gqwfIH. acwfwwfIH ZEfPH to[VdqfqgrDwd ax,f,pdwfwlof

[ aa aa]
• • [āā āā aa aa]
• • • [ēē āā aa aa]
• • • [ aa aa] • • [aa aa] • [ ii āā  ] • • • • [  ii ōō] • • •
Wkwd,H og yVda,qwd UpfQwd og, tgywfwd, Wkufuwqfq. tgrqwd, tgywfwd

[ aa] • [āā] [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • [āā] [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• •

u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]• • [āā aa ]• •
ygVgPduqfq. wwfx PgwuH ykYfYEfEH og tyVEfEH og yNfprgquH og

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa ] • [āā  aa] • • u aa aa]
[u • • [āā] [ aa aa] • • [āā] [aa  āā  aa] • • • • [āā]
twdaVuyNfprgquH og tUfCeuH ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq.

[ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā] [aa  aa] • • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. acwfwH

[aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ] • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • [ aa] •
tZd,kNfPwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. qgrduqfq odrwd H tkyfygaWwd, tgywfwd

u ]
[ u • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā  aa ]• • • [ ii] • u āā ēē ]
[u • • • [āā aa ]
• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
80
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
xkvfvpfp,qfq. qgrdulof e r,f[H ZodqfqwDwd XkVH edufcdywd, tgywfwd

u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā  ōō]• • [] [aa a] • [ ii   ] • • • • [ aa] • [ii ] • [āā aa ]
• • u [k]
ygVgPduqfq. XrfrH pVefwlof qgrduH yVgaPwd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. XrfrH c [kʰ]
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa aa] • [ aa ōō] • • [āā  aa] • • [ āā ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa aa] •
U [g]
pVefwlof yVPfPwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. cDvH og VPfPkH og owd H og
C [gʰ]
[ aa ōō]
• • [ aa ]
• • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ aa] • [āā] [aa u
u] • [āā] [ ii] • [āā]
i [ṅ]
rVd,gWH og qHugarwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. atuH y,lofUH tegUaw,, tgywfwd
tegUaw
[ āā aa] • • [āā] [aa āā ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [ēē aa]
• [ ōō aa] • • [ āā  ēē]
• • • [āā aa ]
• • p [c]
xkvfvpfp,qfq. wqfrd H y,lofaU tgUaw
tgUaw,, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. Q [cʰ]
u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [aa i] • [ ōō ēē] • • [āā  ēē]
• • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
P [j]
1 -242 owfxk egr tgVgrowfxk od[gVowfxk. owfxkwfIH egr ZEfPH ™ [jʰ]
[aa ] • [āā ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa u
u aa] • • [āā ] • [aa aa] •
N [ñ]
owfxkqfrd H pwl[d Igae[d edufcdwfwH [lofwd> ZlrwfIH, xvwfIH, tgugqwfIH,
[aa u
u i]
• • ū ]
[ ū • • [āā ēē ] • • [ii ii aa] • • [ōō ] • ū aa aa]
[ū • • [ aa aa] • • [āā āā aa aa]
• • • T [ṭ]
ao[gqwfIH. owfxkwfIH ZEfPH to[VdqfqgrDwd ax,f,pdwfwlof Wkwd,H og yVda,qwd I [ṭʰ]

• • • [aa u
u aa]• • [aa aa] • [ ii āā  ] • • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [ aa] • [āā] [ ēē ] • •
J [ḍ]
UpfQwd og, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, $ [ḍʰ]
[aa ] • [āā] [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • •
E [ṇ]
tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. owfxkH tZd,kNfPwd,
[āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ] • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa u
u] • u ]
[ u • •
w [t]
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. qgrduqfq odrwd H tkyfygaWwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. x [tʰ]

[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā  aa ]• • • [ ii] • u āā ēē ]
[u • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
W [d]
qgrdulof e r,f[H ZodqfqwDwd XkVH edufcdywd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. XrfrH X [dʰ]
[āā  ōō]
• • [] [aa a] • [ ii   ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ii ] • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa aa] •
e [n]
pVefwlof qgrduH yVgaPwd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. XrfrH pVefwlof yVPfPwd,
[ aa ōō]
• • [āā  aa]
• • [ āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa aa] • [ aa ōō]
• • [ aa ]
• •
y [p]
tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. cDvH og VPfPkH og owd H og ygugVH og qHugarwd, z [pʰ]

[āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ aa] • [āā] [aa u
u] • [āā] [ ii] • [āā] [āā āā aa] • • [āā] [aa āā ēē ]
• • •
Y [b]
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. atuH y,lofUH tegUaw tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. wqfrd H Z [bʰ]

[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [ēē aa]
• [ ōō aa] • • [ āā  ēē]
• • • [āā aa ]• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [aa i] •
r [m]
y,lofaU tgUaw tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.
[ ōō ēē]
• • [āā  ēē]
• • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
, [y]
1 -243 UgrwfIH egr ZEfPH Ugar pwl[d Igae[d edufcdwfwH [lofwd> V [r]
[āā aa aa]
• • [āā ] • [aa aa] • [āā ēē] • ū ]
[ ū • • [āā ēē ] • • [ii ii aa] • • [ōō ] •
v [l]
ZlrwfIH, xvwfIH, tgugqwfIH, ao[gqwfIH. UgrwfIH ZEfPH to[VdqfqgrDwd o [v]
[ū • • [ aa aa]
• • [āā āā aa aa]
• • • [ēē āā aa aa]
• • • [āā aa aa]
• • [aa aa] • [ ii āā  ] • • • •
q [s]
ax,f,pdwfwlof Wkwd,H og yVda,qwd UpfQwd og, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. tgrqwd,
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā ]
•
[ [h]
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ` [ḷ]

[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā]
• [āā ēē ] • • [āā aa ]
• •
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
81
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ygVgPduqfq.
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
1 -244 tVNfNH egr ,H rekqfqgeH yVdUfU[dwH [lofwd, wH tVNfNH.

[ aa aa]
• • [āā ] • [aa] u āā aa]
[ u • • • [ ii  aa] • • • [ōō ] • [aa] [ aa aa]
• •
tVNfNwfIH egr ZEfPH tVNfaN pwl[d Igae[d edufcdwfwH [lofwd> ZlrwfIH,

[ aa aa aa]
• • • [āā ] • [aa aa] • [ aa ēē]• • ū ]
[ ū • • [āā ēē ] • • [ii ii aa]
• • [ōō ] • ū aa aa]
[ū • •
xvwfIH, tgugqwfIH, ao[gqwfIH. tVNfNwfIH ZEfPH to[VdqfqgrDwd ax,f,pdwfwlof

[ aa aa]
• • [āā āā aa aa]
• • • [ēē āā aa aa]
• • • [ aa aa aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [ ii āā  ] • • • • [  ii ōō] • • •
Wkwd,H og yVda,qwd UpfQwd og, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. tgrqwd, tgywfwd

[ aa] • [āā] [ ēē ] • • [aa ] • [āā] [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• •

u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ] • • [āā aa ]
• •
ygVgPduqfq. wwfx PgwuH uwfIH og vwH og wdEH og yNfprgquH og

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa ] • [āā  aa]
• • [aa aa] • [āā] [ aa]
• [āā] [ aa] • [āā] [aa  āā  aa] • • • • [āā]

[ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā] [aa  aa]
• • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.

[aa āā ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]
• • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
1 -245 tkWuH egr ZgPeUwH og [lofwd ylufcVEd,g og w`gau og.

[ aa] • [āā ] • [āā  aa]
• • [āā] [ōō ] • [  āā] • • [āā] [ āā ēē] • • [āā]

[  ii ōō]
• • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. twfwelof ZgPeH yaoaqwfog yNfprgquH og

[āā āā]
• [āā ēē ]• • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa  ōō]• • [āā  aa]• • [ ēē ēē ā]
• • • [aa  āā  aa]• • • • [āā]
twdaVuyNfprgquH og tUfCeuH tkWuH ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqwd, tgywfwd

[ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā] [aa  aa]
• • [ aa] • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• •
Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. twfwelof ZgPeUwH uVlofwd,

u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [aa  ōō] • • [āā  aa]
• • [ ōō ] • •
tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. rVd,gWH ZdefWwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. rVd,gWH ZdefWdwfog

[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ āā aa] • • [ii ] • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [ āā aa] • • [ii ii ā] • •
yNfprgquH og twdaVuyNfprgquH og tUfCeuH tkWuH edufcgarwd, tgywfwd

[aa  āā  aa]
• • • • [āā] [ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā] [aa  aa]
• • [ aa] • [ii āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• •
ygVgPduqfq. twdaVurgquH og tleyNfprgquH og tUfCeuH tkWuH edufcgarwd,

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ ēē  āā  aa]
• • • • • [āā] ū  aa  āā  aa]
[ū • • • • • • [āā] [aa  aa]
• • [ aa] • [ii āā ēē ]• • •
tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. rgquH og tlergquH og tUfCeuH tkWuH edufcgarwd,

[āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā  aa] • • [āā] ū  āā  aa]
[ū • • • • [āā] [aa  aa]
• • [ aa] • [ii āā ēē ]• • •
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq.
[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
1 -246 WefwylofEH egr QdefeH og tpfQdefeH og. yNfprgquH og

[aa  ōō aa] • • • [āā ] • [ii aa] • [āā] [aa ii aa]
• • [āā] [aa  āā  aa]
• • • • [āā]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
82
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1

[ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā] [aa  aa]
• • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • u [k]
zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. c [kʰ]
[aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]• • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
U [g]
1 -247 oeyfywd egr ,lof rekqfqgeH yVdUfU[dwlof [lofwd Vkufclof
C [gʰ]
[ aa ]
• • [āā ] • [ōō] u āā aa]
[ u • • • [ ii  ōō] • • • [ōō ] • u ōō]
[u •
i [ṅ]
yVdZlofUlof. ax,f,pdwfwlof QdefWwd, y[gaV y[gaV tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. atuH
[ ōō ōō] • • [  ii ōō] • • • [ii ] • [ āā ēē] • • [ āā ēē]• • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [ēē aa]
• p [c]
y[gVH tegUaw,, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. wqfrd H y[gaV
tegUaw tgUaw,, tgywfwd
tgUaw Q [cʰ]
[ āā aa]
• • [ āā  ēē]
• • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [aa i]
• [ āā ēē] • • [āā  ēē] • • [āā aa ]
• •
P [j]
ygVgPduqfq.
™ [jʰ]
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
N [ñ]
1 -248 [VEuH egr tNfNqfq [VEuH ZEfPH. ax,f,pdwfwlof
[ aa] • [āā ] • [aa aa ]
• • [ aa] • [aa aa] • [  ii ōō] • • • T [ṭ]
tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, I [ṭʰ]
[āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ]• • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]
• •
J [ḍ]
tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. q[ZEfP[gVuH yWqg aeqfqgrDwd yIrH ygWH $ [ḍʰ]
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa  āā  aa] • • • • • [ āā] • [ āā  ]• • • [ aa] • [āā aa] •
E [ṇ]
qHugarwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Wkwd,H ygWH qHugarwd, tgywfwd
[aa āā ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ aa] • [āā aa] • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • w [t]
ygVgPduqfq. ywdwH ZEfPH Ua[qfqgrDwd ygwgaywd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. ywdwH x [tʰ]

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ aa] • [aa aa] • [  āā  ]
• • • • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [ aa] •
W [d]
ZEfPH yNfprgquH og twdaVuyNfprgquH og tUfCeuH ax,f,pdwfwlof X [dʰ]
[aa aa] • [aa  āā  aa]
• • • • [āā] [ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā] [aa  aa] • • [  ii ōō] • • •
e [n]
tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd,
[āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ]• • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]
• • y [p]
tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. z [pʰ]

[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
Y [b]
1 -249 tkyedXd egr tkyedufcdwfwH ZEfPH. aW[d ar ZEfPefwd Z [bʰ]
[] [āā ] • [ ii ii aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [ēē ] • [ēē] [aa aa ] • •
r [m]
okpfprgelof eg[H UEf[grDwd ZEwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. qgrduqfq odrwd H
u  āā ōō]
[u • • • [āā aa] • [aa ā  ]
• • • [] [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā  aa ]• • • [ ii] •
, [y]
tkyfygaWwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. qgrdulof e r,f[H WqfqwDwd XkVH V [r]

u āā ēē ]
[u • • • [āā aa ]• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā  ōō] • • [] [aa a] • [aa   ] • • • [ aa] •
v [l]
edufcdywd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. XrfrH pVefwlof qgrduH yVgaPwd, tgywfwd o [v]
[ii ]
• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa aa] • [ aa ōō]
• • [āā  aa] • • [ āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• •
q [s]
ygVgPduqfq. XrfrH pVefwlof yVPfPwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq.
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa aa] • [ aa ōō] • • [ aa ]
• • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
[ [h]
1 -250 qkHuCgwH egr VNfNg IydwH [lofwd yYfYwcEfaP og ` [ḷ]

u  āā aa]
[u • • • [āā ] • [aa āā] • [ aa] • [ōō ] • [aa  aa ēē] • • • [āā] tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
83
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
eWDwdwfax og UgrWfogaV og> twfV yodwfIqfq qkHuH UEf[efwl”wd. wwfV

[  ii ēē]
• • • [āā] [āā  ā ēē]
• • • [āā] [aa ] • [ ii aa ] • • • u aa]
[u • [aa a ū
ū ]
• • • [aa ] •
yodqdwfog VgPUfUH ZEfPH yNfprgquH og twdaVuyNfprgquH og tUfCeuH

[ ii ā] • • [āā aa aa]
• • [aa aa] • [aa  āā  aa] • • • • [āā] [ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā] [aa  aa]
• •

[  ii ōō]
• • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]• • u  aa ]
[u • • • •
yIrH ygWH qkHuCgwH twdufugarwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Wkwd,H ygWH

[ aa] • [āā aa]
• u  āā aa]
[u • • • [ ii āā ēē ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ aa] • [āā aa] •
twdufugarwd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. tefwlofqkHuCgaw Idwlof Y[dqkHuCgwH ygawwd,

[ ii āā ēē ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa ōō u
u  āā ēē]
• • • • • [ ōō] • u  āā aa]
[ u • • • • [āā ēē ] • •
tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. qkHuH yVd[Vwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq.

[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • u aa]
[u • [] [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
1 -251 ygElof egr rekqfqygElof okpfpwd. ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqwd, tgywfwd

[āā ōō] • [āā ] • u  āā ōō]
[ u • • • • u ]
[u • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• •

u  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]• • [āā aa ]
• •
ygVgPduqfq. yWqg aeqfqgrDwd yIrH ygWH qHugarwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq.

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ āā] • [ āā  ] • • • [ aa] • [āā aa] • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
Wkwd,H ygWH qHugarwd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.

[ aa] • [āā aa]
• [aa āā ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
1 -252 tyWH egr t[d rpfQg. yNfprgquH og twdaVuyNfprgquH

[ aa] • [āā ] • [] [aa āā] • [aa  āā  aa] • • • • [āā] [ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • •
og tUfCeuH ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd

[āā] [aa  aa]
• • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ] • [āā aa ]• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• •

u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ] • • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
1 -253 WfodyWH egr rekqfqg, Pgwg.. ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqwd,

yufcPgwg
[ aa] • [āā ] • u āā]
[ u • • [aa  āā āā] • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ] •
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd

[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]• • [āā aa ]
• •
ygVgPduqfq. yWqg aeqfqgrDwd yIrH ygWH qHugarwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq.

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ āā] • [ āā  ] • • • [ aa] • [āā aa] • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
Wkwd,H ygWH qHugarwd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.

[ aa] • [āā aa]
• [aa āā ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
1 -254 pwkyfyWH egr> [wfxD tqfqg tlwfIg UlofEg UWfVZg yqkug.

u  aa]
[ u • • • [āā ] • [aa ] • [aa āā] • [ āā] • [ōō āā] • [aa  āā]
• • [ āā] •

[  ii ōō]
• • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]• • u  aa ]
[u • • • •
Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. yWqg aeqfqgrDwd yIrH ygWH qHugarwd,

[āā āā]
• [āā ēē ] • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ āā] • [ āā  ] • • • [ aa] • [āā aa] • [aa āā ēē ]• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
84
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Wkwd,H ygWH qHugarwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq.

[āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ aa] • [āā aa] • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • u [k]
wwd,H ygWH qHugarwd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. pwkwfxH ygWH qHugarwd, c [kʰ]
[ aa]
• [āā aa]
• [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • u aa]
[ u • • [āā aa] • [aa āā ēē ]
• • •
U [g]
tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.
C [gʰ]
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
i [ṅ]
1 -255 Y[kyfyWH egr> odpfQdug qwyWD tkpfpgvdUygEug
H .
u  aa]
[ u • • • [āā ] • [ii  āā] • • [ ] • u āā ii  āā  āā]
[u • • • • • • p [c]
yNfprgquH og twdaVuyNfprgquH og tUfCeuH ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqwd, Q [cʰ]
[aa  āā  aa]
• • • • [āā] [ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā] [aa  aa]
• • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ]
•
P [j]
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ™ [jʰ]
[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]
• • [āā aa ]
• •
N [ñ]
ygVgPduqfq. yWqg aeqfqgrDwd qHugarwd, yaW yaW tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq.
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [ āā] • [ āā  ] • • • [aa āā ēē ]
• • • [ ēē] • [ ēē] • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • T [ṭ]
ypfQdrH ygWH qHugarwd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. I [ṭʰ]

[aa  aa]
• • [āā aa] • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ] • • • •
J [ḍ]
1 -256 tlofpVulof egr ZEfPH tlofpVdwfog tgpdufcwd> tdwfxefegrH $ [ḍʰ]
[ōō  ōō]
• • [āā ] • [aa aa] • [ōō  ii ā]
• • • [āā ii ]
• • [ii aa āā aa]
• • •
E [ṇ]
ZEfPH to[Vg”wd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. qlof wH ZEfPH to[Vwd, tgywfwd
[aa aa] • [ āā ] • • [āā aa ]• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [ōō] [aa] [aa aa] • [] [āā aa ]
• • w [t]
tkZdefeH ygVgPduqfq. x [tʰ]

[ ii aa]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
W [d]
1 -257 tlofEdVufclof egr tg[wH ZEfPH Ulofayefwlof yNfprgquH og X [dʰ]
[ōō  aa ōō]
• • • [āā ] • [āā  aa]
• • [aa aa] • [ōō  ōō]
• • [aa  āā  aa]
• • • • [āā]
e [n]
[ ēē  aa  āā  aa]
• • • • • • • [āā] [aa  aa] • • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • y [p]
zefWgaywd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. z [pʰ]

[aa āā ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ] • • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]
• • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
Y [b]
1 -258 qHodWgo[gVlof egr qrfY[kvg qHodW[dwfog atulof ZEfPH Z [bʰ]
[aa  āā  āā ōō]
• • • • • [āā ] • [aa  āā] • • [aa  ii ā] • • • [ēē ōō]• [aa aa] •
r [m]
to[Vwd, tgywfwd qYfaYqH ygVgPduqfq.
[] [āā aa ]
• • [aa ēē aa] • • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • , [y]
1 -259 qHauwurfrH egr qHauwH uVlofwd> ykaVZwfwH og V [r]

[aa ēē  aa aa]
• • • • [āā ] • [aa ēē aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ ēē aa aa]
• • • [āā]
v [l]
ypfQgZwfwH og Vwfwd H og Wdog og awe qHauawe wH ZEfPH to[Vg”wd, o [v]
[aa āā aa aa]
• • • [āā] [aa ii] • [āā] [ āā] • [āā] [ēē ] • [aa ēē ēē ]• • • [aa] [aa aa] • [ āā ] • •
q [s]
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. awe qHauawe wH ZEfPH to[Vwd, tgywfwd tkZdefeH
[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [ēē ] • [aa ēē ēē ] • • • [aa] [aa aa] • [] [āā aa ]
• • [ ii aa]
• • [ [h]
ygVgPduqfq. wH qHauwH ykaV og ypfQg og wH ZEfPH to[Vwd, rlvwfIqfq ` [ḷ]

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa] [aa ēē aa] • • [ ēē] • [āā] [aa āā] • [āā] [aa] [aa aa] • [] ū aa aa ]
[ū • • •
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
85
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
tegywfwd. to[gVuqfq tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.

[ āā aa ]
• • • [ āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
1 -260 edrdwfwurfrH egr edrdwfwH uVlofwd. tufcd H og edcEdqfqgrd

[ ii  aa aa]
• • • • [āā ] • [ ii aa]
• • [ ōō ] • • [aa ii] • [āā] [ ii āā ] • • •
ZrkuH og tkufcdydqfqgrd qDqH og tkufcdydqfqgrd, awe edrdwfawe wH ZEfPH

[ aa] • [āā] u  ii āā ]
[u • • • • [ aa]
• [āā] u  ii āā ]
[u • • • • [ēē ] • [ ii ēē ]
• • • [aa] [aa aa] •
to[Vgwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. awe edrdwfawe wH ZEfPH to[Vwd, tgywfwd

[ āā ] • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [ēē ] • [ ii ēē ]
• • • [aa] [aa aa] • [] [āā aa ]• •
tkZdefeH ygVgPduqfq. wH edrdwfwH ykaV og ypfQg og wH ZEfPH to[Vwd,

[ ii aa]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [aa] [ ii aa]
• • [ ēē] • [āā] [aa āā] • [āā] [aa] [aa aa] • []
rlvwfIqfq tegywfwd. to[gVuqfq tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.

ū aa aa ]
[ū • • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
1 -261 Zdufck ZdufckH tgEgaywd> tdwfxefegrH ZEfPH to[Vg”wd, tgywfwd

[ii ] • [ii u
u] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ii aa āā aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [ āā ] • • [āā aa ]
• •
Wkufuwqfq. qlof wH rNfNrgelof wH to[Vwd, tgywfwd tkZdefeH ygVgPduqfq.

u  aa ]
[u • • • [ōō] [aa] [aa  āā ōō] • • • [aa] [] [āā aa ]
• • [ ii aa]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •

[ii ] • [ii u
u] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ii aa āā aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [ āā ] • • [āā aa ]
• •
Wkufuwqfq. qlof wH rNfNrgelof tNfNH to[Vwd, rlvwfIqfq tegywfwd.

u  aa ]
[u • • • [ōō] [aa] [aa  āā ōō] • • • [aa aa] • [] ū aa aa ]
[ū • • • [ āā aa ]
• • •
to[gVuqfq tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.

[ āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •

[ii ] • [ii u
u] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ii aa āā aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [ āā ] • • [āā aa ]
• •
Wkufuwqfq. qlof tNfNH rNfNrgelof wH to[Vwd, tgywfwd tkZdefeH ygVgPduqfq.

u  aa ]
[u • • • [ōō] [aa aa] • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [aa] [] [āā aa ]
• • [ ii aa]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •

[ii ] • [ii u
u] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ii aa āā aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [ āā ] • • [āā aa ]
• •
Wkufuwqfq. qlof tNfNH rNfNrgelof tNfNH to[Vwd, rlvwfIqfq tegywfwd.

u  aa ]
[u • • • [ōō] [aa aa] • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [aa aa] • [] ū aa aa ]
[ū • • • [ āā aa ]
• • •
to[gVuqfq tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.

[ āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
1 -265 Zdufck ZdufckH tgEgaywd> tdwfxefegrqfq ygoW> ‘tdwfxefegrlof

[ii ] • [ii u
u] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ii aa āā aa ]
• • • • [āā ] • [ii aa āā ōō]
• • •
tdwfxefegrqfq ygoWwk> tdwfxefegrlof tdwfxefegrH ZEfPH to[Vwl’”wd, tgywfwd

[ii aa āā aa ]
• • • • [āā ] • [ii aa āā ōō]
• • • [ii aa āā aa]
• • • [aa aa] • ū ]
[ ū • • [āā aa ]
• •
Wkufuwqfq. qlof tdwVqfq tgVlofapwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. to[gVulof

u  aa ]
[u • • • [ōō] [ aa ]
• • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [ āā  ōō] • • •
ywdUfUEf[gwd, rlvwfIqfq tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. qlof wH ZEfPH to[Vwd,

[ ii aa ā ]
• • • • ū aa aa ]
[ū • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ōō] [aa] [aa aa] • []
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
86
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
tgywfwd qYfaYqH ygVgPduqfq.

[āā aa ]
• • [aa ēē aa] • • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • u [k]
1 -266 Zdufck ZdufckH tgEgaywd> tdwfxefegrqfq ygoW> ‘tdwfxefegrlof c [kʰ]
[ii ] • [ii u
u] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ii aa āā aa ]
• • • • [āā ] • [ii aa āā ōō]
• • •
U [g]
tdwfxefegrqfq ygoWwk> tdwfxefegrlof tdwfxefegrH ZEfPH to[Vwl’”wd, tgywfwd C [gʰ]
[ii aa āā aa ]
• • • • [āā ]• [ii aa āā ōō]
• • • [ii aa āā aa]
• • • [aa aa] • ū ]
[ ū • • [āā aa ]
• •
i [ṅ]
Wkufuwqfq. qlof tNfNH tgEgaywd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. to[gVulof
u  aa ]
[u • • • [ōō] [aa aa] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [ āā  ōō]• • • p [c]
ywdUfUEf[gwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. qlof wH ZEfPH to[Vwd, rlvwfIqfq Q [cʰ]
[ ii aa ā ]
• • • • [āā aa ]• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [ōō] [aa] [aa aa] • [] ū aa aa ]
[ū • • •
P [j]
tegywfwd. tgEgyuqfq p to[gVuqfq p tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. ™ [jʰ]
[ āā aa ]
• • • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [] [ āā  aa ]
• • • • [] [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
N [ñ]
[ii ] • [ii u
u] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ii aa āā aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [ āā ] • • [āā aa ]
• •
T [ṭ]
Wkufuwqfq. qlof Uefwfog yke ypfpgUpfQwd> eg[H qufulofrd wH ZEfPH I [ṭʰ]

u  aa ]
[u • • • [ōō] [aa ā] • [] [aa āā aa ]
• • • [āā aa]
• [aa ōō ] • • [aa] [aa aa] •
J [ḍ]
to[Vdwke”wd. qlof yke tgEgaywd> ,Wg qufulofqd wWg wH ZEfPH to[Vg”wd, $ [ḍʰ]
u ]
[ u • • [ōō] [] [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ āā] • [aa ōō ] • • [ āā] • [aa] [aa aa] • [ āā ] • •
E [ṇ]
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. qlof wH ZEfPH to[Vwd, tgywfwd tkZdefeH ygVgPduqfq.
[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [ōō] [aa] [aa aa] • [] [āā aa ]
• • [ ii aa]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
w [t]
1 -268 Zdufck ZdufckH tgEgaywd> tdwfxefegrH ZEfPH to[Vg”wd, tgywfwd x [tʰ]

[ii ] • [ii u
u] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ii aa āā aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [ āā ] • • [āā aa ]
• •
W [d]
Wkufuwqfq. qlof tgEgaywfog odyfywdqgVD e qgaowd> rg to[VD”wd. qlof wH X [dʰ]
u  aa ]
[u • • • [ōō] [āā āā ēē ā]
• • • [ii  āā ] • • • [] [āā ēē ] • • [āā] [  ] • • [ōō] [aa]
e [n]
ZEfPH to[Vwd, tgywfwd tkZdefeH ygVgPduqfq.
y [p]
[aa aa] • [] [āā aa ]
• • [ ii aa]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
z [pʰ]
[ii ] • [ii u
u] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ii aa āā aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [ āā ] • • [āā aa ]
• • Y [b]
Wkufuwqfq. qlof tgEgaywfog odyfywdqgVD qgaowd> rg to[VD”wd. qlof tgEwfwlof Z [bʰ]

u  aa ]
[u • • • [ōō] [āā āā ēē ā]
• • • [ii  āā ] • • • [āā ēē ] • • [āā] [  ] • • [ōō] [āā aa ōō]
• •
r [m]
t[H w,g”wd, wH ZEfPH to[Vwd, rlvwfIqfq tegywfwd. to[gVuqfq , [y]
[ aa]
• [ āā ] • • [aa] [aa aa] • [] ū aa aa ]
[ū • • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ āā  aa ] • • • •
V [r]
tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • v [l]
1 -270 Zdufck ZdufckH tgEgaywd> tdwfxefegrH ZEfPH to[Vg”wd, tgywfwd o [v]
[ii ] • [ii u

u] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ii aa āā aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [ āā ] • • [āā aa ]
• •
q [s]
Wkufuwqfq. qlof tgEgaywfog odyfywdqgVD qgaowd> rg to[VD”wd. qlof qgXl”wd? [ [h]
u  aa ]
[u • • • [ōō] [āā āā ēē ā]
• • • [ii  āā ] • • • [āā ēē ] • • [āā] [  ] • • [ōō] [āā ū
ū ] • •
` [ḷ]
tlofVrwd, tkZdefeH tegywfwd.
[ōō ]
• [ ii aa]
• • [ āā aa ]
• • •
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
87
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -271 yNfp[d tgugaV[d tWdefeH tgWd,efwqfq tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq>

[aa ] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
yVyVdUfU[dwNfp [lofwd, yVyVdUfU[dwqNfND p, UVkulof p [lofwd yVdufcgVlof,

[ ii  aa ] • • • • [ōō ] • [ ii  aa ] • • • • [] [ ōō] • [] [ōō ] • [ ii āā ōō]
• • •
yNfprgqulof og twdaVuyNfprgqulof og, ax,f,pdwfwNfp ypfpkywfIdwH [lofwd.

[aa  āā  ōō]
• • • • [āā] [ ēē  aa  āā  ōō]
• • • • • • • [āā] [  ii aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa  aa]
• • • • [ōō ] •

[āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ] • •
tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
1 -272 yNfp[d tgugaV[d tWdefeH tgWd,efwqfq tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq>

[aa ] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
yVyVdUfU[dwNfp [lofwd, yVyVdUfU[dwqNfND p, v[kulof p [lofwd yVdufcgVlof,

[ ii  aa ] • • • • [ōō ] • [ ii  aa ] • • • • [] [ ōō] • [] [ōō ] • [ ii āā ōō] • • •
twdaVurgqulof og tleyNfprgqulof og, ax,f,pdwfwNfp ypfpkywfIdwH [lofwd.

[ ēē  āā  ōō]
• • • • • [āā] ū  aa  āā  ōō]
[ū • • • • • • [āā] [  ii aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa  aa]
• • • • [ōō ] •
tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. Igeg pgaowd,

[āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ] • •
tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq.
[āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • •
1 -273 yNfp[d tgugaV[d tWdefeH tgWd,efwqfq tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq.

[aa ] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
yVyVdUfU[dwNfp [lofwd, yVyVdUfU[dwqNfND p, v[kulof p [lofwd yVdufcgVlof,

[ ii  aa ] • • • • [ōō ] • [ ii  aa ] • • • • [] [ ōō] • [] [ōō ] • [ ii āā ōō] • • •
rgqulof og tlergqulof og, ax,f,pdwfwNfp ypfpkywfIdwH [lofwd. tgrqwd, tgywfwd

[āā  ōō]
• • [āā] ū  āā  ōō]
[ū • • • • [āā] [  ii aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa  aa]
• • • • [ōō ] • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]• •
Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq.

u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]
• • [āā aa ]• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
1 -274 Q[d tgugaV[d tWdefeH tgWd,efwqfq tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq. e p

[] [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [] []
quqNfNDD,, e g[D,, e
p odqfqgqUfUg[D p wgougvduH, UVkulof p [lofwd yVdufcgVlof,
[ aa ]• • [] [] [ii āā aa āā ]
• • • • [] [] [āā  āā  aa]
• • • • [ ōō] • [] [ōō ] • [ ii āā ōō]
• • •
yNfprgqulof og twdaVuyNfprgqulof og, ax,f,pdwfwNfp ypfpkywfIdwH [lofwd.

[aa  āā  ōō]
• • • • [āā] [ ēē  aa  āā  ōō]
• • • • • • • [āā] [  ii aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa  aa]
• • • • [ōō ] •

[āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ] • •
tgywfwd ygVgPduqfq.
[āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • •
1 -275 Q[d tgugaV[d tWdefeH tgWd,efwqfq tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq. e

[] [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • []
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
88
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
p quqNfNDD,, e g[D,, e
p odqfqgqUfUg[D p wgougvduH, v[kulof p [lofwd
[] [ aa ]
• • [] [] [ii āā aa āā ]
• • • • [] [] [āā  āā  aa]
• • • • [ ōō] • [] [ōō ] • u [k]
yVdufcgVlof twdaVurgqulof og tleyNfprgqulof og, ax,f,pdwfwNfp ypfpkywfIdwH c [kʰ]
[ ii āā ōō]
• • • [ ēē  āā  ōō]
• • • • • [āā] ū  aa  āā  ōō]
[ū • • • • • • [āā] [  ii aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa  aa]
• • • •
U [g]
[lofwd. tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. Igeg
C [gʰ]
[ōō ]
• [āā ]
• [āā aa ]• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā āā] •
i [ṅ]
pgaowd, tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfq.
[āā ēē ]
• • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • p [c]
1 -276 Q[d tgugaV[d tWdefeH tgWd,efwqfq tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. e Q [cʰ]
[] [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • []
P [j]
p quqNfNDD,, e g[D,, e
p odqfqgqUfUg[D p wgougvduH, v[kulof p [lofwd ™ [jʰ]
[] [ aa ]
• • [] [] [ii āā aa āā ]
• • • • [] [] [āā  āā  aa]
• • • • [ ōō] • [] [ōō ] •
N [ñ]
yVdufcgVlof, rgqulof og tlergqulof og, ax,f,pdwfwNfp ypfpkywfIdwH [lofwd.
[ ii āā ōō]
• • • [āā  ōō] • • [āā] ū  āā  ōō]
[ū • • • • [āā] [  ii aa ] • • • • [aa  aa  aa]
• • • • [ōō ] • T [ṭ]
tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. Igeg pgaowd, I [ṭʰ]

[āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā āā]
• [āā ēē ] • •
J [ḍ]
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. $ [ḍʰ]
[āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
E [ṇ]
[aa ] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
w [t]
e p yVyVdUfU[dwH [lofwd, yVyVdUfU[dwqNfND p, UVkulof p [lofwd x [tʰ]

[] [] [ ii  aa] • • • [ōō ] • [ ii  aa ] • • • • [] [ ōō] • [] [ōō ] •
W [d]
yVdufcgVlof, yNfprgqulof og twdaVuyNfprgqulof og, ax,f,pdwfwNfp X [dʰ]
[ ii āā ōō]
• • • [aa  āā  ōō] • • • • [āā] [ ēē  aa  āā  ōō]
• • • • • • • [āā] [  ii aa ]
• • • •
e [n]
ypfpkywfIdwH [lofwd. tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd
[aa  aa  aa]
• • • • [ōō ] • [āā ] • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ]• • • [āā aa ]
• •
y [p]
Wkufuwqfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. z [pʰ]

u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ] • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
Y [b]
1 -278 yNfp[d tgugaV[d tWdefeH tgWd,efwqfq tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. Z [bʰ]

[aa ] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
r [m]
e p yVyVdUfU[dwH [lofwd, yVyVdUfU[dwqNfND p, v[kulof p [lofwd
, [y]
[] [] [ ii  aa] • • • [ōō ] • [ ii  aa ] • • • • [] [ ōō] • [] [ōō ]
•
yVdufcgVlof, twdaVurgqulof og tleyNfprgqulof og, ax,f,pdwfwNfp ypfpkywfIdwH V [r]

[ ii āā ōō]
• • • [ ēē  āā  ōō]
• • • • • [āā] ū  aa  āā  ōō]
[ū • • • • • • [āā] [  ii aa ]
• • • • [aa  aa  aa]
• • • • v [l]
[lofwd. tgrqwd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. Igeg o [v]
[ōō ]
• [āā ]
• [āā aa ]• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā āā] •
q [s]
pgaowd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq.
[ [h]
[āā ēē ]
• • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
` [ḷ]
[aa ] • [āā āā ēē ]
• • • [ ii aa]
• • [āā  aa aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
89
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
e p yVyVdUfU[dwH [lofwd, yVyVdUfU[dwqNfND p, v[kulof p [lofwd yVdufcgVlof,

[] [] [ ii  aa]
• • • [ōō ] • [ ii  aa ] • • • • [] [ ōō] • [] [ōō ] • [ ii āā ōō]
• • •
rgqulof og tlergqulof og, ax,f,pdwfwNfp ypfpkywfIdwH [lofwd. tgrqwd, tgywfwd

[āā  ōō]
• • [āā] ū  āā  ōō]
[ū • • • • [āā] [  ii aa ] • • • • [aa  aa  aa]
• • • • [ōō ] • [āā ]
• [āā aa ]
• •
Wkufuwqfq. zefWgaywd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq. Igeg pgaowd, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfq.

u  aa ]
[u • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ]
• • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa ]
[u • • •
1 -280 tegywfwd> qqNfNdqfq, odqfqgqUfUga[

ga[,, wgougvdau
u,, aywyVdUfUa[
a[,,
[ āā aa ]
• • • [ aa ii ]
• • • [ii āā aa āā ēē]
• • • • [āā  āā  ēē]
• • • • [ēē  ii  ēē]
• • • •
a[,, yHqkulvqNfNdqfq,
wdVpfQgeUwyVdUfUa[ tkrfrwfwuqfq, cdwfwpdwfwqfq
[ aa āā  ii  ēē]
• • • • • • [aa  ū
ū  aa ii ]
• • • • • • u aa  aa ]
[u • • • • [ii  ii aa ]
• • • •
aoWegwfwqfq tgWdurfrduqfqgwd.
[ēē   aa ]
• • • • [āā  aa  aa āā ]
• • • • • •
1 -281 tWdefegWgerf[d yIrZgEogVlof edwfIdwlof.

[ ii āā āā aa ]
• • • • • [ āā  āā ōō] • • • • [ii  ōō]
• •
( 1 -1.1.2.1
1.1.2.1))
odeDwowfxktkWfWgeUgxg ( 1 -1.1.2.1
1.1.2.1))
# #
[ •  •  • aa •  • u • āā •  • āā • āā]
1 -282 VPau[d yNfp tufcgwg,

[ ēē ] • • [aa ] • [aa āā āā]
• •
pwkVlof twfxVaE[d p;
[ ōō] • [aa  ēē ]
• • • []
tefXugaVe ao yNfp,
[aa  āā ēē ]
• • • • [ēē] [aa ] •
yNfp [gVEaue p.
[aa ] • [āā  ēē ]
• • • []
1 -283 edVkwfwd,g yNfp tufcgwg,

u  āā]
[ u • • • [aa ] • [aa āā āā]
• •
ogaw[d tyaV Wkaoo;;

[āā ēē ] • • [ ēē] • [ ēē] •
tqrfZdefae ukqgygwlof,
[ aa ii ēē]
• • • [ āā āā ōō] • • •
PefwUfaUe q[g Wq..

Wq
[aa aa ēē ] • • • [ āā] • []
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
90
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -284 odCgaq[d yNfp tufcgwg,

[ āā ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • [aa āā āā] • •
u [k]
yNfp apo trlvug; c [kʰ]
[aa ] • [ēē ] • ū  āā]
[ ū • • •
U [g]
WkYfZdufac ukVrHqNfp,
u ii ēē]
[u • • [ aa aa ] • • •
C [gʰ]
ug..
yloqufcvdrlofWug i [ṅ]
ū  aa  ōō  āā]

[ū • • • • • •
p [c]
Q [cʰ]
1 -285 QyVdufcgVxodugg,, P [j]
[ ii āā  āā]
• • • •
™ [jʰ]
ZdqdoHqg e ar;;
edufcar
[ aa āā] • • [] [ii  ēē] • • N [ñ]
cgWeD,Nfp odqfqgqH, T [ṭ]
[āā   aa ]
• • • • [ii āā aa] • •
I [ṭʰ]
qqNfNg,yaV Wkaoo.. J [ḍ]
[ aa āā  ēē]
• • • • [ ēē] •
$ [ḍʰ]
1 -286 qwfw ego[Vgrgwd, E [ṇ]

[aa ] • [āā  āā āā ]
• • • •
w [t]
qwfw apo tog[VkH; x [tʰ]
[aa ] • [ēē ]
• [ āā  u
u] • • •
W [d]
qHCqfq to[VkH qwfw,
[aa aa ]
• • u]
[ u • [aa ] •
X [dʰ]
ykyfaz[d tyaV Wkaoo.. e [n]
u ēē ]
[u • • [ ēē] • [ ēē] •
y [p]
z [pʰ]
1 -287 w,lof p okwfwogWdelof, Y [b]
[ ōō]
• [] u  āā  ōō]
[u • • • •
Z [bʰ]
rEd ar;;
wDEd twdufuar
[] [ ] • [ ii  ēē]
• • • r [m]
qluVg p rdUg rpfQg, , [y]

ū  āā]
[ū • • [] [ āā] • [aa āā] •
V [r]
,geNfpgyd yowfw,d. v [l]
[āā aa āā ]
• • • [ aa ]
• •
o [v]
q [s]
[ [h]
` [ḷ]
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
91
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -288 Wkao ayqD Wkao WgVl,

[ ēē]• [ēē ] • [ ēē] • [āā ū
ū] •
yHqkulvH Wkao Wug;

[aa  ū
ū aa]
• • • [ ēē] • [ āā]•
gaee,,
tekykYfYodXgaee
u  āā ēē ]
[ u • • • • •
wWNfNlof e yVdylV,d.
[ aa ōō]
• • [] ū ]
[ ū • •
1 -289 qgowfxd,g pwkVlof rkwfIDD,,

[āā aa  āā]
• • • [ ōō] • u ]
[u •
Wfao odCgqg Wkao wdEg;

[ē] [ āā āā] • • [ ēē] • [ āā] •
qHCqfq ZgP,kH qwfw,

[aa aa ]
• • [āā  u
u]
• • [aa ] •
qwfw apo tqfqgrdugg..

[aa ] • [ēē ]• [aa āā  āā]• • •
1 -290 WgVkWug rwfwdug Wfao wdEged,

[āā  āā]
• • [aa  āā] • • [ē] [ āā ]
• •
qHCqfq qwfw to[gqd aq,f,H;

[aa aa ]
• • [aa ] • [ āā ] • • [ aa] •
qqfqgrduH e pgyd eD[aV,f,,

[aa āā  aa]
• • • [] [āā ] • [   ]
• • •
[aV,f, qqfqgrduH wgougvduH.

[  ]
• • [aa āā  aa]
• • • [āā  āā  aa]
• • • •
1 -291 prfyg apo,,

VgPUa[ apo
[aa āā] • [āā  ēē]
• • [ēē ] •
aoqgvd,g p tPfPkulof;
[ēē āā  āā]
• • • [] [aa  ōō]• •
YgVgEqD p ulofqrfYDD,,
[āā āā  ]
• • • [] [ōō aa ] • •
qgUvg W`f[daue pgwd.

[āā  āā]
• • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [āā ] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
92
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
u [k]
( 1 -1.1.2.2
1.1.2.2))
odeDwowfxk ( 1 -1.1.2.2
1.1.2.2)) c [kʰ]
# #
[ •  •  • aa • ]
U [g]
1 -292 awe clof ye qra,e QYfYUfUd,g Zdufcl VPuwfxVEH C [gʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa aa  āā] • • • [ii ū
ū] • [ aa  aa]
• • •
i [ṅ]
H .
Uefwfog VPuZEfPduH to[Vdqk awqH ukufukpfpH t[lofqd> ZUowg qdufcgyWH p [c]
[aa ā]
• [ aa  aa]
• • • [ ii ] • • [ēē aa]
• u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ] • • [ āā] • [ii āā  aa]
• • •
Q [cʰ]
yNfNwfwH. upfpd ek clof r,H ygVgPduH tgywfwd H tgyefeg”wd. ZUowlof
[aa aa aa]
• • [aa ] • [] [ōō] [ aa] • [āā āā  aa]
• • • [āā aa ii]
• • [āā aa āā ]
• • • [ ōō] •
P [j]
atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. tgywfwd H wkrfa[

[,, Zdufcao
ao,, e””wd.
tgyefeg ygVgPdue ™ [jʰ]
[ēē  aa aa]

• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [āā aa ii]
• • u ē]
[u • [ii  ēē]
• • [āā aa āā]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • (1) N [ñ]
1 -293 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck VPuwfxVEH T [ṭ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]• • [ii ] • [ aa  aa] • • •
I [ṭʰ]
Uefwfog r[UfCH WkqfqH yqfqdwfog ax,f,pdwfwH tkyfygaWqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH
[aa ā]
• [ aa aa]
• • u aa]
[u • [aa ii ā] • • [  ii aa] • • • u āā ēē ]
[u • • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • •
J [ḍ]
t[lofqd> ZUowg qdufcgyWH yNfNwfwH, upfpd ek clof t[H ygVgPduH tgywfwd H $ [ḍʰ]
[ ōō ]
• • [ āā] • [ii āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa aa]• • [aa ] • [] [ōō] [ aa]
• [āā āā  aa]
• • • [āā aa ii]
• •
E [ṇ]
tgyefelof”wd? ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqd. tegywfwd, Zdufck, pdwfwkyfygaW
gaW””wd. w [t]
[āā aa ōō ]
• • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [ii u
u āā ēē ]
• • • • (2)
x [tʰ]
1 -294 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck VPuwfxVEH
W [d]
Uefwfog r[UfCH WkqfqH yqfqdwfog ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH X [dʰ]

[aa ā]
• [ aa aa]
• • u aa]
[u • [aa ii ā] • • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ]
• [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • •
e [n]
t[lofqd ...ay
ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq. tgywfwd Wkufuwqfqgg””wd. y [p]
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • (3)
z [pʰ]
Y [b]
Uefwfog r[UfCH WkqfqH yqfqdwfog ax,f,pdwfwlof zefWgayqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH Z [bʰ]

[aa ā]
• [ aa aa]
• • u aa]
[u • [aa ii ā] • • [  ii ōō] • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • •
r [m]
t[lofqd ...ay
ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq. tgywfwd xkvfvpfp,qfqgg””wd. , [y]
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u aa  aa āā ]
[u • • • • • (4)
V [r]
v [l]
Uefwfog r[UfCH WkqfqH yqfqdwfog ax,f,pdwfwlof Igeg pgaoqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH o [v]
[aa ā]
• [ aa aa]
• • u aa]
[u • [aa ii ā] • • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā āā] • [āā ēē ] • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • •
q [s]
t[lofqd ...ay
e””wd. [ [h]
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (5)
` [ḷ]
1 -297 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof ydEfPpgVdulof Zdufck
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]• • [ii  āā  ōō]
• • • • [ii ] •
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
93
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
r[UfCH tkwfwVwfxVEH yqfqdwfog ax,f,pdwfwH tkyfygaWqd ...ay

ay.... ax,f,pdwfwlof
[ aa aa]
• • u  aa  aa]
[u • • • • [aa ii ā] • • [  ii aa]
• • • u āā ēē ]
[u • • • [ēē] [  ii ōō] • • •
tgrqd ...ay
ay.... ax,f,pdwfwlof zefWgayqd ...ay
ay.... ax,f,pdwfwlof Igeg pgaoqd. wqfq
[āā ]
• [ēē] [  ii ōō]
• • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [ēē] [  ii ōō] • • • [āā āā]• [āā ēē ] • • [aa ] •

e””wd.
u u
[u u aa]• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (6-9)
1 -298 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck Wdog ZEfPH

[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ āā]
• [aa aa] •
yqfqdwfog edrdwfwH grD””wd. qlof wH rNfNrgelof

tugqd> Vwfwd H to[VdqfqgrD wH to[Vd
[aa ii ā]
• • [ ii aa]
• • [ āā ]
• • [aa ii] • [ ii āā  ] • • • • [ōō] [aa] [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [aa] []
...ay
ay.... wH rNfNrgelof tNfNH to[Vd ...ay
ay.... tNfNH rNfNrgelof wH to[Vd ...ay
ay....
[ēē] [aa] [aa  āā ōō] • • • [aa aa]• [] [ēē] [aa aa] • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [aa] [] [ēē]
tNfNH rNfNrgelof tNfNH to[Vd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

[aa aa]
• [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [aa aa] • [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a]

e””wd.
[ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (10-13)
1 -299 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck Wdog ZEfPH

[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ āā]
• [aa aa] •

tugqd> Vwfwd H to[VdqfqgrD twfwelof
[aa ii ā]
• • [ ii aa]
• • [ āā ]
• • [aa ii] • [ ii āā  ] • • • • [ōō] [aa] [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [aa  ōō] • •
ZEfPH to[Vd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

[aa aa] • [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]• • • •
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfqgg””wd.
[āā aa ]
• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • (14)
1 -300 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck tNfNqfq ZEfPH

[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [aa aa ]
• • [aa aa] •
[Vefwlof qDaq ZgVH ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqd ...ay

ay....
[ aa ōō]
• • [ ēē]
• [āā aa]
• [  ii ōō]
• • • [āā ]
• [ēē] [  ii ōō] • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [ēē]
ax,f,pdwfwlof cefXH tlofVlofayqd ...ay

ay.... cefaX ZgVH ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqd ...ay
ay....
[  ii ōō] • • • [aa aa] • [ōō ōō ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [aa ēē] • [āā aa] • [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ]
• [ēē]
ax,f,pdwfwlof zefWgayqd ...ay

ay.... ax,f,pdwfwlof uwd H tlofVlofayqd ...ay
ay.... uwd,g ZgVH
[  ii ōō] • • • [aa āā ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [  ii ōō]
• • • [ ii] • [ōō ōō ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [ āā] • [āā aa] •
ax,f,pdwfwlof tgrqd ...ay

ay.... ax,f,pdwfwlof [wfaxe
[  ii ōō] • • • [āā ]
• [ēē] [  ii ōō] • • • [aa āā ēē ] • • • [ēē] [  ii ōō]
• • • [aa ēē ] • •
tUfUa[qd ...ay
ay.... [wfax ZgVH ax,f,pdwfwlof Zlrd,H edufcdyd ...ay
ay.... ax,f,pdwfwlof
[aa  ēē ]
• • • [ēē] [aa ēē] • [āā aa] • [  ii ōō]
• • • ū  aa]
[ū • • [ii ] • [ēē] [  ii ōō]
• • •
Zlrdwlof tUfUa[qd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

ay.... tgywfwd H wfoH, Zdufck, tgyefelof
ū  ōō]
[ū • • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• •
e””wd.
ygVgPdue
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (15-25)
1 -301 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck tPf™lofugaq pDoVH

[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [aa ōō āā ēē]
• • • [  aa]• •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
94
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ywfxVdwfog od[gVH ygodqd. tNfNwVlof Zdufck> rg,dWH pDoVH eqfqDD””wd,

[aa  ii ā]
• • • [ āā aa]
• • [āā ] • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [āā  aa] • • [  aa] • • [aa  ] • • u [k]
ywdqgarqd. qlof edufcrdwfog wH ZdufckH ykpfQd> tgokqlof, r,f[H pDoVH aue c [kʰ]
[ āā ēē ] • • • [ōō] [ii  ii ā] • • • [aa] [ii u
u] • u ]
[u • [āā  ōō]
• • [aa a] • [  aa] • • [ēē ] •
U [g]
to[we””wd? qlof atorg[>
to[we r,g to[we””wd. qlof wH tgWd,d, tqfqrElofqd
to[we
C [gʰ]
[ aa ] • • [ōō] [ēē  āā ]
• • • [ āā] • [ aa ] • • [ōō] [aa] [āā ]
• [aa  ōō ] • • •
i [ṅ]
e””wd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
wfoe ay..... ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqd.
[a ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • • p [c]
H wfwlof wfoH, Zdufcl”wd? edVkwfwdyxlof t[H, ZUog”wd. tegywfwd, Zdufck,
udpd Q [cʰ]
[ii ii ōō]
• • [a] [ii ū
ū ] • • • u  ōō]
[ u • • [ aa]
• [ āā ] • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] •
P [j]
ax””wd.
edVkwfwdyax ™ [jʰ]
u  ēē ]
[ u• • • • (26)
N [ñ]
1 -302 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck yDaI pDoVH
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ ēē] • [  aa]• • T [ṭ]
edufcdydwfogg.. yDaI edqDWeH edufcdydwfog ... a[wfIgyDaI ywfwH edufcdydwfog od[gVH I [ṭʰ]
[ii  ii ā]
• • • [ ēē] • [   aa]
• • • [ii  ii ā]
• • • … [ āā  ēē]• • • [aa aa] • [ii  ii ā]• • • [ āā aa] • •
J [ḍ]
ygodqd. tNfNwVlof Zdufck> rg,H ywfwlof eqfqDD””wd ywdqgarqd. qlof edufcrdwfog $ [ḍʰ]
[āā ]
• [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [āā aa] • [aa ōō] • [aa  ] • • [ āā ēē ]• • • [ōō] [ii  ii ā] • • •
E [ṇ]
wH ZdufckH ykpfQd> tgokqlof, r,f[H ywfwlof aue to[wlof”wd? qlof atorg[> r,g
[aa] [ii u
u] • u ]
[u • [āā  ōō]
• • [aa a] • [aa ōō] • [ēē ] • [ ōō ] • • [ōō] [ēē  āā ]
• • • [ āā]
• w [t]
to[wlof”wd. qlof wH tgWd,d, tqfqrElofqd wfoe
e””wd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd x [tʰ]
[ ōō ] • • [ōō] [aa] [āā ]
• [aa  ōō ]
• • • [a ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• •
W [d]
...ay
ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, edVkwfwdyax
ax””wd. X [dʰ]
[ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • •u  ēē ]
[ u • • • (27-29)
e [n]
1 -303 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVg ZdufckeD owd,g pDoVH
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ii  ] • • [ āā] • [  aa]
• • y [p]
ywfxVdwfog od[gVH ygodqd. tNfNwVg ZdufckeD> rg,dWH pDoVH eqfqDD””wd z [pʰ]

[aa  ii ā]
• • • [ āā aa]
• • [āā ] • [aa  āā]
• • [ii  ] • • [āā  aa] • • [  aa] • • [aa  ] • •
Y [b]
ywdqgarqd. qg edufcrdwfog wH Zdufcked H ,,, r,f[H
ykpfQd> t,fa, pDoVH aue Z [bʰ]
[ āā ēē ] • • • [āā] [ii  ii ā]
• • • [aa] [ii  ii] • • u ]
[u • [aa ēē] • [aa a] • [  aa] • • [ēē ] •
r [m]
to[we””wd? qg atorg[>
to[we r,g to[we””wd. qg wH tgWd,d, tqfqrEDqd
to[we
[ aa ] • • [āā] [ēē  āā ]
• • • [ āā] • [ aa ] • • [āā] [aa] [āā ]• [aa   ]
• • • , [y]
e””wd. wqfqg ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
wfoe ay..... tx clof qg ZdufckeD ZdufckeDeH V [r]
[a ] • [aa āā] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [] [ōō] [āā] [ii  ] • • [ii   aa] • • •
v [l]
atwrwfxH tgVlofapqd. Zdufcked,lof ZdufcleH atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. Zdufcl o [v]
[ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • • [ii  ōō]
• • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
•u] • • [ii ū
ū] •
q [s]
ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH ...ay
ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufcao
ao,, ax””wd.
edVkwfwdyax
[ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • u  ēē ]
[ u • • • • (30) [ [h]
1 -304 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck ogwrEfPvdug, ` [ḷ]

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [āā  aa  āā ]
• • • • •
tH [ŋ̊]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
95
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
tkufcdwfwH qgwuH yqfqdwfog qgrdugeH WqfqgrDwd, tUfUa[qd. qgrdug wH ZdufckH

u ii aa]
[u • • [āā  aa]
• • [aa ii ā]
• • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [aa āā  ] • • • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [āā  āā]• • [aa] [ii u
u] •

plofaWqkH> tqfqrElofqd wfoe ay.... udpd
H wfwlof wfoH,
[ōō ēē u
• u] • [aa  ōō ]
• • • [a ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ii ii ōō] • • [a]
Zdufcl”wd? tax,f,pdwfwlof t[H, ZUog”wd. tegywfwd, Zdufck, tax,f,pdwfwqfqgg””wd.

[ii ū
ū ] • • [   ii ōō]
• • • • [ aa]
• [ āā ] • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [   ii aa āā ]
• • • • • •
(31)
1 -305 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck ogwrEfPvdug,
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [āā  aa  āā ]
• • • • •
tkufcdwfwH aoIeH yqfqdwfog> ykaV qgrdug yqfqefwDD””wd ax,f,pdwfwlof tUfUa[qd.

u ii aa]
[u • • [ēē  aa]
• • [aa ii ā] • • [ ēē] • [āā  āā]• • [aa aa  ] • • • [  ii ōō]• • • [aa  ēē ]
• • •
qgrdug wH ZdufckH e””wd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

plofaWqkH> tqfqrElofqd wfoe ay....
[āā  āā]
• • [aa] [ii u
u] • [ōō ēē u
u]
• • [aa  ōō ]
• • • [a ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa]• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē]

e””wd.
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (32)
1 -306 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qkqgeH Uefwfog

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ āā aa]
• • [aa ā] •
tZdefae qVDaV yHqkulvH tUfUa[qd. wqfrdNfp qVDaV aywlof tXdowfxlof [lofwd.

[ ii ēē]
• • [  ēē]
• • [aa  ū
ū aa] • • • [aa  ēē ] • • • [aa i ]
• • [  ēē]
• • [ēē ōō]• [ aa ōō] • • [ōō ] •
tx clof qlof aywlof wH ZdufckH atwWolofp> rg, w,, r,f[H

Zefaw qgwuH
[] [ōō] [ōō] [ēē ōō]
• [aa] [ii u
u] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [āā] [aa ēē] • [aa a] • [āā  aa]• •
a[qD””wd. qlof Zdufck

tUfUa[qD tegWd,efwlof tUrgqd. tx clof wH qVDVH tkwfI[dwfog
[aa  ēē  ]
• • • • [ōō] [ii ] • [ āā  aa ōō]
• • • • [ āā ] • • [] [ōō] [aa] [  aa] • • u  ii ā]
[u • • •
wqfq Zdufckelof ydwfIdwlof ydwfIdwlof tekYefXd. tx clof qlof Zdufck od[gVH

[aa ] • [ii  ōō] • • [ii  ōō] • • [ii  ōō]
• • [ aa ] • • [] [ōō] [ōō] [ii ] • [ āā aa]
• •
yodqdwfog WfogVH xauqd. tx clof wH qVDVH wwfaxo yVdywd. wqfq ukufukpfpH

[ ii ā] • • [ā aa] • [ ēē ] • • [] [ōō] [aa] [  aa] • • [aa ēē ]• • [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • •
t[lofqd ...ay
ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq. e ao,,
p, Zdufcao tZdefae qVDaV
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [] [] [ii  ēē] • • [ ii ēē]
• • [  ēē] • •
yHqkulvH Ua[wYfYH. ,lof UEfa[,f,, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfqgg””wd.

[aa  ū
ū aa] • • • [ ēē aa aa]
• • • [ōō] [aa  ] • • [āā aa ]• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • (33)
1 -307 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qHCqfq pDoaV

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [aa aa ] • • [  ēē]
• •
ZgPD,rgae ax,f,pdwfwlof ukqH qHugarwfog pDoVH tUfUa[qd. wqfq ukufukpfpH

[āā   āā ēē]
• • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [ aa] • [aa āā ēē ā]
• • • [  aa]• • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • •
t[lofqd ...ay
e””wd.
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • (34)
1 -308 awe clof ye qra,e tg,qfrg tgeefWlof PefwgCaV

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā aa ā]
• • [āā aa ōō]
• • [aa āā  ēē]
• • •
tNfNwVqfq Zdufckelof tefwVogquH twfwelof rNfNrgelof edogaqqd. tx clof qlof

[aa  aa ]
• • • [ii  ōō] • • [aa  āā  aa]
• • • • [aa  ōō] • • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [ āā ēē ]
• • • [] [ōō] [ōō]
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
96
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
Zdufck tg,qfrefwH tgeefWH atwWolofp> udqfq ar wfoH, tgokqlof tgeefW,

[ii ] • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [āā aa aa]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ii ] • [ēē] [a] [āā  ōō]
• • [āā aa ]
• • u [k]
gaqqD””wd? quqNfND t[H, tgokqlof”wd. ZUowlof atwrwfxH
tefwVogquH edogaqqD c [kʰ]
[aa  āā  aa]
• • • • [ āā ēē  ]
• • • • [ aa ] • • [ aa]• [āā  ōō ]
• • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • •
U [g]
tgVlofapqkH. tegywfwd, Zdufcao
ao,, quqNfNdqfqgg””wd.
C [gʰ]
[āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [ aa ii āā ] • • • • (35)
i [ṅ]
1 -309 awe clof ye qra,e qrfY[kvg Zdufcl UdPf™ulwg yYfYwg
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ii ū
ū] • [ii  ū
ū āā]• • • [aa  āā] • • p [c]
tlofVlof[efwg qD[odCgqH yqfqdwfog ypgaywfog H . awqH ukufukpfpH t[lofqd Q [cʰ]
yVdZkNfPdqk
[ōō ōō aa āā]
• • • [  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii ā] • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • u ii ]
[ u • • • [ēē aa] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• •
P [j]
...ay
ao,, gaq””wd.
qD[odCgaq
™ [jʰ]
[ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [  āā ēē ]
• • • • (36)
N [ñ]
1 -310 awe clof ye qra,e qrfY[kvg Zdufcl UdPf™ulwg yYfYwg
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ii ū
ū] • [ii  ū
ū āā]• • • [aa  āā] • • T [ṭ]
tlofVlof[efwg Yf,UfCodCgqH yqfqdwfog ... WDydodCgqH yqfqdwfog ... wVpfQodCgqH I [ṭʰ]
[ōō ōō aa āā]
• • • [a  āā aa] • • • [aa ii ā] • • … [  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii ā] • • … [ aa  āā aa]
• • • •
J [ḍ]
yqfqdwfog ... ulofuodCgqH yqfqdwfog ypgaywfog H . awqH ukufukpfpH
yVdZkNfPdqk
$ [ḍʰ]
[aa ii ā]
• • … [ōō  āā aa]
• • • [aa ii ā] • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • u ii ]
[ u • • • [ēē aa] • u u
[u u aa] • •
E [ṇ]
t[lofqd ...ay
ao,, a[””wd.
wdVpfQgeUwyVdUfUa[
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [ aa āā  ii  ēē ]
• • • • • • • (37-40) w [t]
1 -311 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qHCqfq tlofWae x [tʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [aa aa ]
• • [ōō  ēē]
• •
W [d]
ZgPD,rgae> tyVqfq ZgUH aW[D”wd trlvuH tUfUa[qd. wqfq ukufukpfpH
X [dʰ]
[āā   āā ēē]
• • • • [ aa ] • • [āā aa] • [ēē  ] • • ū  aa]
[ ū • • • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • •
e [n]
t[lofqd ...ay
ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq. tgywfwd qrfyPgerkqgogaW
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [aa  āā  āā āā ēē]
• • • • • • y [p]
ygpdwfwd,qfqgg””wd. z [pʰ]
[āā ii  aa āā ]
• • • • • (41)
Y [b]
1 -312 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qHCqfq cgWeDa,
Z [bʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [aa aa ]
• • [āā   ēē]
• • •
r [m]
ZgPD,rgae ... qHCqfq ylao ZgPD,rgae ... qHCqfq tkpfQkrf[d ZgPD,rgae ...
[āā   āā ēē]
• • • • … [aa aa ] • • ū ēē]
[ū • [āā   āā ēē]
• • • • … [aa aa ] • • u u
[u u ] • • [āā   āā ēē]• • • • … , [y]
qHCqfq wdrfYVlqau ZgPD,rgae> tyVqfq ZgUH aW[D”wd trlvuH tUfUa[qd. V [r]
[aa aa ]
• • [ii  ū
ū  ēē] • • • • [āā   āā ēē]
• • • • [ aa ] • • [āā aa] • [ēē  ] • • ū  aa]
[ ū • • • [aa  ēē ]
• • •
v [l]
ay..... tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq. tgywfwd
o [v]
[aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• •
q [s]
qrfyPgerkqgogaW ygpdwfwd,qfqgg””wd.
[aa  āā  āā āā ēē]
• • • • • • [āā ii  aa āā ]
• • • • • (42-45) [ [h]
1 -313 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck WkYfZdufac ` [ḷ]

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • u ii ēē]
[u • •
tH [ŋ̊]
tlofWeD,CVH yodqdwfog ywfwylVH tlofWeH ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd. wqfq
[ōō    aa]
• • • • [ ii ā] • • [aa  ū
ū aa] • • • [ōō  aa]• • [  ii ōō] • • • [] [aa ] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
97
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1

e””wd.
u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (46)
1 -314 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck WkYfZdufac qleCVH

[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • u ii ēē]
[u • • ū  aa]
[ū • •
yodqdwfog ywfwylVH rHqH ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

ay....
[ ii ā] • • [aa  ū
ū aa]
• • • [aa aa] • [  ii ōō] • • • [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē]

e””wd.
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (47)
1 -315 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck WkYfZdufac yloCVH

[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • u ii ēē]
[u • • ū  aa]
[ū • •
yodqdwfog ywfwylVH yloH ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd ...ay

ay.... ywfwylVg qufcvd,lof
[ ii ā] • • [aa  ū
ū aa]
• • • ū aa]
[ū • [  ii ōō]
• • • [] [ēē] [aa  ū
ū āā]
• • • [aa  ōō]
• •
ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd ...ay

ay.... ywfwylaV rlofWau ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd. wqfq
[  ii ōō]
• • • [] [ēē] [aa  ū
ū ēē] • • • [ōō  ēē]
• • [  ii ōō]
• • • [] [aa ] •

e””wd.
u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (48-50)
1 -316 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck Wdog yVdufcgVH

[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ āā] • [ ii āā aa]
• • •

tugqd> Vwfwd H to[VdqfqgrD wH to[Vd
[aa ii ā]
• • [ ii aa]
• • [ āā ]
• • [aa ii]
• [ ii āā  ] • • • • [ōō] [aa] [aa  āā ōō]• • • [aa] []
...ay
ay.... wH rNfNrgelof tNfNH to[Vd ...ay
ay.... tNfNH rNfNrgelof wH to[Vd ...ay
ay....
[ēē] [aa] [aa  āā ōō] • • • [aa aa] • [] [ēē] [aa aa] • [aa  āā ōō] • • • [aa] [] [ēē]
tNfNH rNfNrgelof tNfNH to[Vd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

[aa aa]
• [aa  āā ōō]
• • • [aa aa]
• [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a]

e””wd.
[ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (51-54)
1 -317 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck Wdog yVdufcgVH

[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ āā] • [ ii āā aa]
• • •

tugqd> Vwfwd H to[VdqfqgrD twfwelof
[aa ii ā]
• • [ ii aa]
• • [ āā ]
• • [aa ii]
• [ ii āā  ] • • • • [ōō] [aa] [aa  āā ōō]• • • [aa  ōō] • •
yVdufcgVH to[Vd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

[ ii āā aa]
• • • [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa]• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]• • • •
tgywfwd Wkufuwqfqgg””wd.
[āā aa ]
• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • (55)
1 -318 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck yDaI xoduH

[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ ēē] • [ aa] •
grD””wd q[ yDIaue
yqfqdwfog> tdwlof UEf[efwlof ygVgPdulof ZodqfqgrD qHugarwfog
[aa ii ā]
• • [ ōō]
• [aa a ōō] • • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ ii āā  ]
• • • • [] [  ēē ]
• • • [aa āā ēē ā]
• • •

[aa  ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• •
e””wd.
ygVgPdue
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (56)
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
98
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -319 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qHCqfq Zdqd H

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [aa aa ] • • [ ii] •
u [k]
ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
ay.... tgywfwd H wfoH, Zdufck, c [kʰ]
[  ii ōō]
• • • [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] •
U [g]
e””wd.
tgyefelof ygVgPdue
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (57)
C [gʰ]
1 -320 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck pDoVoHaq pDoVH i [ṅ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [  aa ēē]
• • • [  aa]
• •
p [c]
ay.... tgywfwd H wfoH, Zdufck, Q [cʰ]
[  ii ōō]
• • • [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] •
P [j]
e””wd.
tgyefelof ygVgPdue
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (58)
™ [jʰ]
1 -321 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck od[gaV pDoVH N [ñ]

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ āā ēē]
• • [  aa]• •
T [ṭ]
to[Vdwfog> tdwlof edufcrefwlof grD””wd od[gVg
ygVgPdulof ZodqfqgrD e edufcrd ...ay
ay.... I [ṭʰ]
[ ii ā] • • [ ōō] • [ii  aa ōō]
• • • [āā āā  ōō]• • • [ ii āā  ]
• • • • [ āā āā] • • [] [ii ] • [ēē]
J [ḍ]
ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. edufcrd og qlof, Zdufcao
ao,, rlofCykVdqlof e og
[ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ii ] • [āā] [ōō] [ii  ēē] • • [ōō  ōō]• • [] [āā]
$ [ḍʰ]
edufcrd, tgywfwd ygVgPduqfqgg””wd. E [ṇ]

[ii ]
• [āā aa ]
• • [āā āā  aa āā ]
• • • • • (59) w [t]
1 -322 awe clof ye qra,e Wfao Zdufcl q[g,ug [lefwd. atulof x [tʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ē] [ii ū
ū] • [ āā  āā] • • • [ ] • [ēē ōō] •
W [d]
Zdufck UgrH ydEfPg, ygodqd. Wkwd,lof Zdufck qHCqfq cgWeDa, ZgPD,rgae
X [dʰ]
[ii ] • [āā aa]
• [ii āā ] • • [āā ] • [ ōō] • [ii ] • [aa aa ] • • [āā   ēē] • • • [āā   āā ēē]
• • • •
e [n]
q[g,uqfq ZgUH Ua[wfog wqfq odqfqqefwlof yVdZkNfPd. qlof Pgedwfog wH
[ āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa] • [ ēē ā]
• • [aa ] • [ii  aa ōō]
• • • u ]
[ u • • [ōō] [āā ii ā]
• • [aa] y [p]

plofaWqd> tqfqrElofqd wfoe ay.... udpd
H wfwlof wfoH, z [pʰ]
[ōō ēē ]
• • [aa  ōō ]
• • • [a ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ii ii ōō] • • [a]
Y [b]
Zdufcl”wd? odqfqgqUfUg[lof t[H, ZUog”wd. tegywfwd, Zdufck, odqfqgqUfUga[
ga[””wd.
Z [bʰ]
[ii ū
ū ]
• • [ii āā aa āā ōō]
• • • • [ aa] • [ āā ] • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [ii āā aa āā ēē ]
• • • • • (60)
r [m]
1 -323 awe clof ye qra,e qrfY[kvg Zdufcl pDoVurfrH
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ii ū
ū] • [  aa aa]
• • • , [y]
uVlefwd. qHCqfq cgWeDa, ZgPD,rgae qYfaYqH ywdodqg tg[Vdwfog tkyedufcdwfwg V [r]
[  ]
• • [aa aa ] • • [āā   ēē] • • • [āā   āā ēē]
• • • • [aa ēē aa] • • [ āā] • [āā  ii ā]
• • • [ ii ii āā] • • •
v [l]
[lefwd. tNfNwVlof Zdufck tNfNwVqfq Zdufckelof ywdodqH twfwelof rNfNrgelof
o [v]
[ ] • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [aa  aa ]
• • • [ii  ōō] • • [ aa] • [aa  ōō]
• • [aa  āā ōō] • • •
q [s]
yVdZkNfPd. qlof Pgedwfog wH plofaWqd> tqfqrElofqd wfoe
e””wd. wqfq ukufukpfpH
u ]
[ u • • [ōō] [āā ii ā]
• • [aa] [ōō ēē ]• • [aa  ōō ]
• • • [a ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ [h]
t[lofqd ...ay
ay.... udpd
H wfwlof wfoH, Zdufcl”wd? quqNfND t[H, ZUog”wd. tegywfwd, ` [ḷ]
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ii ii ōō] • • [a] [ii ū
ū ] • • [ aa ] • • [ aa]• [ āā ] • • [ āā aa ]
• • •
tH [ŋ̊]
Zdufck, quqNfNdqfqgg””wd.
[ii ] • [ aa ii āā ]
• • • • (61)
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
99
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -324 awe clof ye qra,e qrfY[kvg Zdufcl pDoVurfrH uVlefwd.

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ii ū
ū] • [  aa aa]
• • • [  ] • •
qHCqfq cgWeDa, ZgPD,rgae tNfNwVqfq Zdufckelof ywfawe tNfNwVqfq

[aa aa ]• • [āā   ēē] • • • [āā   āā ēē]
• • • • [aa  aa ]
• • • [ii  ōō] • • [aa ēē ] • • [aa  aa ]
• • •
Zdufckelof ywdodqlof tg[Vdwfog tkyedufcdwfwlof [lofwd. ywfwqgrdulof Zdufck twfwelof

[ii  ōō] • • [ ōō] • [āā  ii ā]
• • • [ ii ii ōō] • • • [ōō ] • [aa  āā  ōō]• • • • [ii ] • [aa  ōō] • •
rNfNrgelof yVdZkNfPd. qlof Pgedwfog wH plofaWqd> tqfqrElofqd wfoe

e””wd. wqfq
[aa  āā ōō] • • • u ]
[ u • • [ōō] [āā ii ā]
• • [aa] [ōō ēē ] • • [aa  ōō ]
• • • [a ] • [aa ] •

ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, quqNfNdqfqgg””wd.
u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [ aa ii āā ] • • • • (62)
1 -325 awe clof ye qra,e trfYplofVug trfYH ygawwfog ZEfPduH

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō  āā] • • • • [aa aa] • [āā ēē ā] • • [aa  aa] • •
tgWg, tUrHqk. qgrdug H .

aw plofVau tekYefXdqk plofVug qgrdau yqfqdwfog
[āā āā ]
• • [ aa ] • • [āā  āā] • • [ēē] [ōō  ēē] • • [ aa ii ] • • • [ōō  āā] • • [āā  ēē] • • [aa ii ā] • •
ZEfPduH H .
ygawwfog yvg,dqk Zdufcl yHqkulvqNfNdelof ywdUfU[gaywfog H .
yVdZkNfPdqk
[aa  aa] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [ āā ii ] • • • [ii ū
ū] • [aa  ū
ū  aa  ōō]
• • • • • • [ ii  āā ēē ā]
• • • • • u ii ]
[ u • • •
qgrdug [””wd. awqH ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

aw Zdufcl plofaWqkH> tqfqrEgwfx wkrfa[ ay....
[āā  āā]
• • [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ōō ēē u
u]
• • [aa   ]
• • • u ē ]
[u • • [ēē aa] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē]
ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. udpd [,, Zdufcao

H wfwg wkrfa[ ao””wd? yHqkulvqNfNdelof
[ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ii ii āā] • • u ē]
[u • [ii  ēē ] • • • [aa  ū
ū  aa  ōō]
• • • • • •
r,H, ZUog”wd. tegywfwd, Zdufcao

ao,, yHqkulvqNfNdqfqgg””wd.
[ aa] • [ āā ] • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa  ū
ū  aa ii āā ]
• • • • • • • (63)
1 -326 awe clof ye qra,e PrfYkplofVug ... vYkPplofVug ...

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō  āā] • • • • … [ ōō  āā] • • • …
yeqplofVug ... wgvyufuplofVug ... tkpfQkplofVug ... wdrfYVlquplofVug wdrfYVlqau

[ ōō  āā] • • • … [āā  aa  ōō  āā]
• • • • • • … u  ōō  āā]
[u • • • • … [ii  ū
ū  ōō  āā] • • • • • • [ii  ū
ū  ēē] • • • •
tkpfpdedwfog ZEfPduH tgWg, tUrHqk. qgrdug H .

aw plofVau tekYefXdqk plofVug
u  ii ā]
[u • • • [aa  aa] • • [āā āā ] • • [ aa ] • • [āā  āā] • • [ēē] [ōō  ēē] • • [ aa ii ] • • • [ōō  āā] • •
qgrdau yqfqdwfog ZEfPduH H .

ygawwfog yvg,dqk Zdufcl yHqkulvqNfNdelof
[āā  ēē]
• • [aa ii ā]
• • [aa  aa] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [ āā ii ]• • • [ii ū
ū] • [aa  ū
ū  aa  ōō] • • • • • •
ywdUfU[gaywfog H . qgrdug
yVdZkNfPdqk [””wd.
aw Zdufcl plofaWqkH> tqfqrEgwfx wkrfa[
[ ii  āā ēē ā]
• • • • • u ii ]
[ u • • • [āā  āā] • • [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ōō ēē u
u]
• • [aa   ]
• • • u ē ]
[u • •
awqH ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

[ēē aa]
• u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa  ū
ū  aa ii āā ]
• • • • • • • (64-69)
1 -327 awe clof ye qra,e trfYplofVug trfYH ygawwfog ZEfPduH

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō  āā] • • • • [aa aa] • [āā ēē ā] • • [aa  aa] • •
tgWg, tUrHqk. qgrdug H .

aw plofVau tekYefXdqk plofVug qgrdau yqfqdwfog
[āā āā ]
• • [ aa ] • • [āā  āā] • • [ēē] [ōō  ēē] • • [ aa ii ] • • • [ōō  āā] • • [āā  ēē] • • [aa ii ā] • •
ZEfPduH H .
ygawwfog yvg,dqk Zdufcl> ykaV qgrdug yqfqefwDD””wd, ax,f,pdwfwg
[aa  aa] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [ āā ii ] • • • [ii ū
ū] • [ ēē] • [āā  āā] • • [aa aa  ] • • • [  ii āā] • • •
H . qgrdug
yVdZkNfPdqk [””wd. awqH ukufukpfpH
aw Zdufcl plofaWqkH> tqfqrEgwfx wkrfa[
u ii ]
[ u • • • [āā  āā]
• • [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ōō ēē u
u]
• • [aa   ] • • • u ē ]
[u • • [ēē aa] • u u
[u u aa] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
100
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
t[lofqd ...ay
ay.... tgywfwd H wkrfa[
[,, Zdufcao
ao,, e””wd.
tgyefeg ygVgPdue
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • u ē]
[u • [ii  ēē] • • [āā aa āā]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • (70) u [k]
1 -328 awe clof ye qra,e PrfYkplofVug ... vYkPplofVug ... c [kʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō  āā] • • • • … [ ōō  āā] • • • …
U [g]
yeqplofVug ... wgvyufuplofVug ... tkpfQkplofVug ... wdrfYVlquplofVug C [gʰ]
[ ōō  āā] • • • … [āā  aa  ōō  āā]
• • • • • • … u  ōō  āā]
[u • • • • … [ii  ū
ū  ōō  āā]
• • • • • •
i [ṅ]
wdrfYVlqau tkpfpdedwfog ZEfPduH tgWg, tUrHqk. qgrdug aw plofVau
[ii  ū
ū  ēē]
• • • • u  ii ā]
[u • • • [aa  aa] • • [āā āā ]
• • [ aa ] • • [āā  āā]• • [ēē] [ōō  ēē] • • p [c]
H .
tekYefXdqk plofVug qgrdau yqfqdwfog ZEfPduH H .
ygawwfog yvg,dqk Zdufcl> ykaV Q [cʰ]
[ aa ii ]
• • • [ōō  āā] • • [āā  ēē]
• • [aa ii ā]
• • [aa  aa] • • [āā ēē ā] • • [ āā ii ]• • • [ii ū
ū] • [ ēē] •
P [j]
qgrdug yqfqefwDD””wd, ax,f,pdwfwg yVdZkNfPdqk
H . qgrdug aw Zdufcl plofaWqkH> ™ [jʰ]
[āā  āā]
• • [aa aa  ]
• • • [  ii āā]• • • u ii ]
[ u • • • [āā  āā] • • [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ōō ēē u
u] • •
N [ñ]
[””wd. awqH ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
tqfqrEgwfx wkrfa[ ay.... tgywfwd H wkrfa[
[,, Zdufcao
ao,,
[aa   ]
• • • u ē ]
[u • • [ēē aa] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • u ē]
[u • [ii  ēē] • • T [ṭ]
e””wd.
tgyefeg ygVgPdue I [ṭʰ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (71-76)
J [ḍ]
1 -329 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qHCqfq trfYH $ [ḍʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [aa aa ] • • [aa aa] •
E [ṇ]
ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd ... qHCqfq PrfYkH ... qHCqfq vYkPH ... qHCqfq
[  ii ōō]
• • • [] … [aa aa ] • • [aa u
u] • … [aa aa ] • • [ aa] • … [aa aa ] • • w [t]
yeqH ... qHCqfq wgvyufuH ... qHCqfq tkpfQkH ... qHCqfq wdrfYVlquH x [tʰ]
[ aa] • … [aa aa ]
• • [āā  aa aa]
• • • … [aa aa ] • • u u
[u u] • … [aa aa ]
• • [ii  ū
ū  aa] • • • •
W [d]
ay.... tgywfwd H wfoH, Zdufck, X [dʰ]
[  ii ōō]
• • • [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] •
e [n]
e””wd.
tgyefelof ygVgPdue
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (77-83) y [p]
1 -330 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck ykyfzgVgrH z [pʰ]

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • u āā āā aa]
[u • • •
Y [b]
Uefwfog tlofpdwH ykyfzH yNfprgqUfCeuH ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd. wqfq Z [bʰ]
[aa ā] • [ōō  aa]
• • u aa]
[u • [aa  āā aa  aa]
• • • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [] [aa ] •
r [m]
e””wd.
u u
[u u aa]• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (84) , [y]
1 -331 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck ykyfzgVgrH V [r]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • u āā āā aa]
[u • • •
v [l]
Uefwfog ykyfzH tlofpdedwfog yNfprgqUfCeuH ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd. wqfq o [v]
[aa ā] • u aa]
[u • [ōō  ii ā]
• • • [aa  āā aa  aa]
• • • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [] [aa ] •
q [s]
e””wd.
u u
[u u aa]• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (85) [ [h]
1 -332 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck UgruH UpfQefwlof ` [ḷ]

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [āā  aa]
• • [aa aa ōō] • •
tH [ŋ̊]
tNfNwVH ZdufckH atwWolofp> tgokqlof, wk,f[H PrD””wd.
tkywfIguukvH okwfwlof oPfaPrD
[aa  aa]
• • [ii u
u] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [āā  ōō]
• • u a]
[u • [ aa āā  aa]
• • • • u ōō]
[u • [aa ēē  ] • • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
101
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
qlof Uefwfog atuH qgwuH tg[Vgaywfog twfweg yVdZkNfPd. qlof Pgedwfog wH

[ōō] [aa ā] • [ēē aa]
• [āā  aa]
• • [āā  āā ēē ā]
• • • • [aa  āā]
• • u ]
[ u • • [ōō] [āā ii ā] • • [aa]

plofaWqd> tqfqrElofqd wfoe ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck,
[ōō ēē ]
• • [aa  ōō ]
• • • [a ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] •
ygVgPduqfq. e ao,,
p, Zdufcao okwfwlof oPfaPrDwd owfwYfYlof. ,lof oaW,f,, tgywfwd
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [] [] [ii  ēē] • • u ōō]
[u • [aa ēē  ] • • • [aa aa ōō] • • [ōō] [  ] • • [āā aa ]
• •
Wkufuwqfqgg””wd.
u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • (86)
1 -333 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck UgruH UpfQwd.

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [āā  aa]• • [aa ] •
tNfNwVlof Zdufck wH ZdufckH atwWolofp> tgokqlof, r,f[H tkywfIguukvH okwfwlof

[aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [aa] [ii u
u] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [āā  ōō] • • [aa a] • [ aa āā  aa]
• • • • u ōō]
[u •
P[D””wd. qlof Uefwfog ,kUqgwuH

oPfaP[D tg[Vgaywfog atuH twfweg yVdZkNfPd, atuH
[aa ēē  ]
• • • [ōō] [aa ā] • [ āā  aa] • • • [āā  āā ēē ā]
• • • • [ēē aa]
• [aa  āā]
• • u ]
[ u • • [ēē aa]
•
wqfq Zdufckelof tWgqd. qlof Pgedwfog wH plofaWqd> tqfqrElofqd wfoe

e””wd. wqfq
[aa ] • [ii  ōō] • • [ āā ]
• • [ōō] [āā ii ā] • • [aa] [ōō ēē ]• • [aa  ōō ]
• • • [a ] • [aa ] •

ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq. e ao,,
p, Zdufcao okwfwlof
u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [] [] [ii  ēē] • • u ōō]
[u •
oPfaP[Dwd owfwYfYlof. ,lof oaW,f,, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfqgg””wd.

[aa ēē  ]
• • • [aa aa ōō] • • [ōō] [  ] • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • (87)
1 -334 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck UgruH UpfQefwlof

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [āā  aa]• • [aa aa ōō]
• •
tNfNwVH ZdufckH atwWolofp> tgokqlof, wk,f[H PrD””wd.

tkywfIguukvH okwfwlof oPfaPrD
[aa  aa]
• • [ii u
u] • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [āā  ōō] • • u a]
[u • [ aa āā  aa]
• • • • u ōō]
[u • [aa ēē  ]• • •
qlofyd atorg[> P[D””wd. qlof Uefwfog tg`f[uH qyfyd H

okwfwlof oPfaP[D wkvH Uk`H WlofEH
[ōō ]
• [ēē  āā ]
• • • u ōō]
[u • [aa ēē  ]
• • • [ōō] [aa ā] • [āā  aa]
• • [aa ii] • [ aa] • [ aa] • [ōō aa] •
wEfPkvH tg[Vgaywfog twfweg yVdZkNfPd. qlof Pgedwfog wH plofaWqd> tqfqrElofqd

[aa  aa]• • [āā  āā ēē ā]
• • • • [aa  āā]
• • u ]
[ u • • [ōō] [āā ii ā] • • [aa] [ōō ēē ] • • [aa  ōō ]
• • •

wfoe ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, ygVgPduqfq. e p,
[a ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [] []
ao,,
Zdufcao okwfwlof oPfaPrDwd owfwYfYlof, e p okwfwlof oPfaP[Dwd owfwYfYlof. ,lof
[ii  ēē] • • u ōō]
[u • [aa ēē  ]
• • • [aa aa ōō] • • [] [] u ōō]
[u • [aa ēē  ] • • • [aa aa ōō] • • [ōō]
oaW,f,, tgywfwd Wkufuwqfqgg””wd.

[  ]
• • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • (88)
1 -335 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof ykVdqlof r[UfCH rEd H

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ ōō] • [ aa aa] • • [ ii] •
tgWg, tNfNwaVe Zdufckeg qWfXd H tWfXgerUfUyfywdyefelof [lofwd. tx clof qlof

[āā āā ]
• • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [ii  āā] • • [aa ii] • [aa āā  aa aa  aa ōō]
• • • • • • • [ōō ] • [] [ōō] [ōō]
ykVdqlof qkHuwfIgeH yqfqdwfog wqfq Zdufckelof tPgeefwqfq xodug, rEd H

[ ōō] • u aa āā aa]
[u • • • [aa ii ā]
• • [aa ] • [ii  ōō] • • [ āā aa aa ]
• • • • [ āā ] • • [ ii] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
102
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
yufcdydwfog qkHuwfIgeH twdufurdwfog tUfUa[qd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

ay....
[aa  ii ā]
• • • u aa āā aa]
[u • • • [ ii  ii ā]
• • • • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] u [k]
H wfwlof wfoH, Zdufcl”wd? eg[H,
udpd ZUog, PgegrD””wd. tegywfwd, Zdufck,
PgegrD c [kʰ]
[ii ii ōō]
• • [a] [ii ū
ū ] • • [āā aa] • [ āā] • [āā āā  ]
• • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] •
U [g]
tPgeefwqfqgg””wd.
C [gʰ]
[ āā aa aa āā ]
• • • • • (89)
i [ṅ]
1 -336 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof ykVdqlof r[UfCH rEd H
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ ōō] • [ aa aa] • • [ ii] • p [c]
tgWg, tNfNwaVe Zdufckeg qWfXd H tWfXgerUfUyfywdyefelof [lofwd. tx clof Q [cʰ]
[āā āā ]
• • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [ii  āā] • • [aa ii] • [aa āā  aa aa  aa ōō]
• • • • • • • [ōō ] • [] [ōō]
P [j]
qlof ykVdqlof qkHuwfIgeH yqfqdwfog Udvgegv,H uVdwfog twfwelof ZEfPduH wqfq
[ōō] [ ōō] • u aa āā aa]
[u • • • [aa ii ā]
• • [ āā āā  aa]
• • • • [ ii ā] • • [aa  ōō]• • [aa  aa] • • [aa ] •
™ [jʰ]
Zdufckelof tWgqd. tx clof qlof ykVdqlof qkHuwfIgeH twdufurdwfog wH ZdufckH N [ñ]

[ii  ōō] • • [ āā ]
• • [] [ōō] [ōō] [ ōō] • u aa āā aa]
[u • • • [ ii  ii ā]
• • • • [aa] [ii u
u] •
T [ṭ]
ar,, Zefaw
atwWolofp> tg[V ar w,, ZEfPduH; eg[H tuvfvulof”wd. udqfq ye wfoH, I [ṭʰ]
[ēē  ōō ]
• • • [āā ] • [ēē] [aa ēē] • [aa  aa] • • [āā aa] • [ aa  ōō ]
• • • • [ii ] • [] [a]
J [ḍ]
tgokqlof, atoVlyH tugqD”wd? tx clof qlof ykVdqlof wqfq Zdufckelof atwrwfxH
[āā  ōō]
• • [ēē  ū
• ū aa] • • [ āā  ]
• • • [] [ōō] [ōō] [ ōō] • [aa ] • [ii  ōō] • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • •
$ [ḍʰ]
tgVlofapqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

ay.... udpd E [ṇ]
H wfwlof wfoH, Zdufcl”wd? eg[H,
• • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ii ii ōō] • • [a] [ii ū
ū ] • • [āā aa] •
w [t]
ZUog, PgegrD””wd. tegywfwd, Zdufck, tPgeefwqfqgg””wd.
PgegrD x [tʰ]
[ āā] • [āā āā  ]
• • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [ āā aa aa āā ]
• • • • • (90)
W [d]
1 -337 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qwfaxe qWfXd H
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [aa ēē ] • • [aa ii] •
X [dʰ]
tWfXgerUfUyfywdyefelof [lofwd. tNfNwVlof ykVdqlof wH ZdufckH tgrdaqe e [n]
[aa āā  aa aa  aa ōō]

• • • • • • • [ōō ] • [aa  ōō]
• • [ ōō] • [aa] [ii u
u] • [āā  ēē ]
• • •
y [p]
tkyvgaywfog qkHuwfIgeH yqfqdwfog r[UfCH rEd H wqfq Zdufckelof tWgqd> tdrH, z [pʰ]
[ āā ēē ā]
• • • u aa āā aa]
[u • • • [aa ii ā] • • [ aa aa]• • [ ii] • [aa ] • [ii  ōō] • • [ āā ]
• • [ aa]
•
Y [b]
w,, rEd H
Zefaw qkHuwfIgeH gar[D””wd. tx clof qlof Zdufck
twdufugar[D wH rEd H
Z [bʰ]
[aa ēē] • [ ii] • u aa āā aa]
[u • • • [ ii āā ēē  ]
• • • • • [] [ōō] [ōō] [ii ] • [aa] [ ii] •
r [m]
qkHuwfIgeH twdufugarqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
u aa āā aa]
[u • • • [ ii āā ēē ]
• • • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] •
, [y]
e””wd.
tgyefelof ygVgPdue V [r]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (91)
v [l]
1 -338 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck ygaq YefXH
o [v]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [āā ēē] • [aa aa] •
q [s]
qluVH ugVkNfaNe rkNfpd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay
ay.... udpd
H wfwlof wfoH,
ū  aa]
[ū • • [āā u
u ēē ]
• • • u ]
[u • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [ii ii ōō]
• • [a] [ [h]
Zdufcl”wd? ugVkNfNgXdyfyg,lof t[H, ZUog”wd. tegywfwd, Zdufck, ` [ḷ]

[ii ū
ū ] • • [āā u
u āā ii āā ōō]
• • • • • [ aa] • [ āā ] • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] •
tH [ŋ̊]
ugVkNfNgXdyfyg,qfqgg””wd.
[āā u
u āā ii āā aa āā ]
• • • • • • • (92)
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
103
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -339 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck ygaq YefXH qluVH>

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [āā ēē]
• [aa aa] • ū  aa]
[ū • •
ykaV qgrdug yqfqefwDD””wd, ax,f,pdwfwlof rkNfpd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

ay....
[ ēē] • [āā  āā] • • [aa aa  ]
• • • [  ii ōō]• • • u ]
[u • [aa ]
• u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē]

e””wd.
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (93)
1 -340 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck ygaq YefXH rdUH

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [āā ēē]
• [aa aa] • [ aa] •
ugVkNfaNe rkNfpd ... ygaq YefXH rdUH> ykaV qgrdug yqfqefwDD””wd, ax,f,pdwfwlof
[āā u
u ēē ]
• • • u ]
[u • … [āā ēē] • [aa aa] • [ aa] • [ ēē] • [āā  āā]
• • [aa aa  ]
• • • [  ii ōō] • • •
rkNfpd ... ukrdae YefaX rpfaQ ugVkNfaNe rkNfpd ... ukrdae YefaX rpfaQ> ykaV
u ]
[u • … [ ēē] • [aa ēē] • [aa ēē] • [āā u
u ēē ] • • • u ]
[u • … [ ēē] • [aa ēē] • [aa ēē] • [ ēē] •
qgrdug yqfqefwDD””wd ax,f,pdwfwlof rkNfpd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

ay.... tgywfwd H
[āā  āā]
• • [aa aa  ]• • • [  ii ōō] • • • u ]
[u • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• •

e””wd.
[a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (94-97)
1 -341 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck ,gae ZEfPH

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [āā ēē]
• [aa aa] •
grD””wd, twdufurdwfog yowfawwfog

yqfqdwfog> tdwlof UEf[efwlof ygVgPdulof ZodqfqgrD
[aa ii ā]
• • [ ōō] • [aa a ōō]
• • [āā āā  ōō]
• • • [ ii āā  ]
• • • • [ ii  ii ā]
• • • • [ aa ēē ā]
• • •

[aa  ēē ]
• • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• •
e””wd.
ygVgPdue
[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (98)
1 -342 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck ukvave tkufcdwfwH

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ ēē ] • • u ii aa]
[u • •
rHqayqd>H qgrdugeH grD””wd tUfUa[qd. qgrdug

WqfqgrD wH ZdufckH plofaWqkH>
[aa  ēē ii]• • • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [aa āā  ] • • • [aa  ēē ] • • • [āā  āā]
• • [aa] [ii u
u] • [ōō ēē u
u]• •

tqfqrElofqd wfoe ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck,
[aa  ōō ]
• • • [a ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa]
• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] •
tax,f,pdwfwqfqgg””wd.
[   ii aa āā ]
• • • • • • (99)
1 -343 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck ukvave tkufcdwfwH

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [ ēē ] • • u ii aa]
[u • •
rHqayqd>H ykaV qgrdug yqfqefwDD””wd, ax,f,pdwfwlof tUfUa[qd. qgrdug wH ZdufckH

[aa  ēē ii]• • • [ ēē] • [āā  āā]
• • [aa aa  ] • • • [  ii ōō]• • • [aa  ēē ]
• • • [āā  āā] • • [aa] [ii u
u] •

plofaWqkH> tqfqrElofqd wfoe ay.... tgywfwd H wfoH,
• u] • [aa  ōō ]
• • • [a ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a]

e””wd.
[ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (100)
1 -344 awe clof ye qra,e rekqfqg tk`krfyH YefXdwfog tpdVowd,g

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • u āā]
[ u • • u aa]
[ u • • [aa ii ā]
• • [ āā] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
104
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
eWd,g tlofqgaVefwd. YefXae Qdefae uwfIged odyfyudEfEged tUrHqk. Zdufcl

[ āā] • [ōō āā  ]
• • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii ēē] • [aa āā ] • • [ii  ii āā ]
• • • • [ aa ] • • [ii ū
ū] • u [k]
yHqkulvqNfNdelof tkwfwgaVqkH. qgrdug aw Zdufcl plofaWqkH> tqfqrEgwfx c [kʰ]
[aa  ū
ū  aa  ōō]
• • • • • • u āā ēē u
[u • u] • • [āā  āā]
• • [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ōō ēē u
u]
• • [aa   ]
• • •
U [g]
wkrfa[ ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufcao
C [gʰ]
u ē ]
[u • • [ēē aa] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa  ū
ū  aa ii āā ]
• • • • • • •
i [ṅ]
(101)
1 -345 awe clof ye qra,e rekqfqg tk`krfyH YefXdwfog tpdVowd,g p [c]
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • u āā]
[ u • • u aa]
[ u• • [aa ii ā] • • [ āā] •
Q [cʰ]
eWd,g tlofqgaVefwd. YefXae Qdefae uwfIged odyfyudEfEged tUrHqk. Zdufcl> ykaV P [j]
[ āā] • [ōō āā  ]
• • • [aa  ēē] • • [ii ēē] • [aa āā ] • • [ii  ii āā ]
• • • • [ aa ] • • [ii ū
ū] • [ ēē]•
™ [jʰ]
qgrdug yqfqefwDD””wd, ax,f,pdwfwg tkwfwgaVqkH. qgrdug aw Zdufcl plofaWqkH>
[āā  āā]
• • [aa aa  ] • • • [  ii āā] • • • u āā ēē u
[u •u] • • [āā  āā] • • [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ōō ēē u
u]• • N [ñ]
tqfqrEgwfx wkrfa[ ay.... tgywfwd H wkrfa[
[,, Zdufcao
ao,, T [ṭ]
[aa   ]
• • • u ē ]
[u • • [ēē aa] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • u ē]
[u • [ii  ēē] • •
I [ṭʰ]
e””wd.
tgyefeg ygVgPdue J [ḍ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (102)
$ [ḍʰ]
1 -346 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Ulofygvulof Vkufac qgwuH
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ōō āā  ōō]• • • u ēē]
[u • [āā  aa]
• • E [ṇ]
tgvUfaUwfog tkpfpgVH tUrgqd. tNfNwVlof Zdufck yHqkulvqNfND tUfUa[qd. w [t]
[āā aa ēē ā]
• • • u āā aa]
[u • • [ āā ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [aa  ū
ū  aa ]
• • • • • [aa  ēē ]
• • •
x [tʰ]
tx clof qlof Ulofygvulof wH ZdufckH e””wd. wqfq
plofaWqd> tqfqrElofqd wfoe W [d]
[] [ōō] [ōō] [ōō āā  ōō]• • • [aa] [ii u
u] • [ōō ēē ] • • [aa  ōō ]
• • • [a ] • [aa ] •
X [dʰ]
ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, yHqkulvqNfNdqfqgg””wd.
u u
[u u aa]• • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [aa  ū
ū  aa ii āā ]
• • • • • • • (103) e [n]
1 -347 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVqfq Zdufckelof eWd H y [p]

[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  aa ]
• • • [ii  ōō] • • [ ii] •
z [pʰ]
wVefwqfq VPugeH [wfxwlof rkwfwH qgwuH ygaW vUfUH [lofwd. qlof Zdufck> Y [b]
[ aa aa ]
• • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  ōō] • • u aa]
[u • [āā  aa]
• • [āā ēē] • [aa aa] • [ōō ] • [ōō] [ii ] •
Z [bʰ]
qgrdugeH grD””wd tUfUa[qd. qgrdug
WqfqgrD wH ZdufckH plofaWqkH> tqfqrElofqd
[āā  āā aa]
• • • [aa āā  ] • • • [aa  ēē ] • • • [āā  āā]• • [aa] [ii u
u] • [ōō ēē u
u] • • [aa  ōō ]
• • • r [m]

wfoe ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck, tax,f,pdwfwqfqgg””wd. , [y]
[a ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] • [   ii aa āā ]
• • • • • •
V [r]
(104) v [l]
1 -348 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVqfq Zdufckelof eWd H
[ēē ]• [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  aa ]
• • • [ii  ōō] • • [ ii] •
o [v]
wVefwqfq VPugeH [wfxwlof rkwfwH qgwuH ygaW vUfUH [lofwd. qlof Zdufck> q [s]
[ aa aa ]
• • • [ āā aa] • • [aa  ōō] • • u aa]
[u • [āā  aa]
• • [āā ēē] • [aa aa] • [ōō ] • [ōō] [ii ] •
[ [h]
ykaV qgrdug yqfqefwDD””wd, ax,f,pdwfwlof tUfUa[qd. qgrdug wH ZdufckH plofaWqkH> ` [ḷ]
[ ēē] • [āā  āā] • • [aa aa  ] • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [aa  ēē ] • • • [āā  āā]• • [aa] [ii u
u] • [ōō ēē u
• u] •
tH [ŋ̊]
tqfqrElofqd wfoe ay.... tgywfwd H wfoH, Zdufck,
[aa  ōō ]
• • • [a ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
105
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
e””wd.
tgyefelof ygVgPdue
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (105)
1 -349 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qyfydukrfZd H yqfqdwfog

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [aa  u
u ii] • • • [aa ii ā] • •
xlofuH xlofuH yVdZkNfPd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck,
[ōō aa] • [ōō aa] • u ]
[ u • • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] •
ygVgPduqfq; tgywfwd Wkufuwqfqgg””wd.

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • (106)
1 -350 awe clof ye qra,e qrfY[kvg Zdufcl qHodW[dwfog tUrHqk>

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ii ū
ū] • [aa  ii ā]
• • • [ aa ] • •
ZEfPH grg””wd. atulof ZEfPH

to[Vdqfqgrg to[Vd. aw atorg[Hqk> e r,H
[aa aa] • [ ii āā āā ] • • • • [ēē ōō]
• [aa aa] • [] [ēē] [ēē  āā aa ]
• • • • [] [ aa] •
ygVgPdugg.. ,lof to[wlof qlof ygVgPdulof”wd. ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH ...

[āā āā  āā]
• • • [ōō] [ ōō] • [ōō] [āā āā  ōō ]
• • • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • …
[,, Zdufcao
tgywfwd H wkrfa[ ao,, e””wd.
tgyefeg ygVgPdue
• • u ē]
[u • [ii  ēē] • • [āā aa āā]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (107)
1 -351 awe clof ye qra,e qrfY[kvg Zdufcl qHodW[dwfog ZEfPH

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā] • • [ii ū
ū] • [aa  ii ā]
• • • [aa aa] •
to[Vdwfog ZgaPqkH. aw[d ZgPD,rgae atuaruqfq ywdodqlof e yNfprgqulof ylVd.

[ ii ā] • • [āā ēē u
u] • • [ēē ] • [āā   āā ēē] • • • • [ēē  ēē aa ]
• • • • [ ōō] • [] [aa  āā  ōō] • • • • ū ]
[ū •
aw atorg[Hqk> e r,H ygVgPdugg””wd. ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. tgywfwd H

[ēē] [ēē  āā aa ]
• • • • [] [ aa] • [āā āā  āā ]
• • • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [āā aa ii]
• •
[,, Zdufcao
wkrfa[ ao,, e””wd.
tgyefeg ygVgPdue
u ē]
[u • [ii  ēē] • • [āā aa āā]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (108)
1 -352 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qgowfxd,H WkYfZdufac

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [āā aa  aa]
• • • u ii ēē]
[u • •
tgyEduqfq wEfPkvrkwfId H ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

ay....
[āā  aa ]
• • • [aa  u
u ii] • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē]

e””wd.
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (109)
1 -353 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qgowfxd,H WkYfZdufac

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [āā aa  aa]
• • • u ii ēē]
[u • •
tgyEduqfq rkUfUrkwfId H ... rgqrkwfId H ... wdvrkwfId H ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd. wqfq

[āā  aa ]
• • • u  u
[u u ii] • • • … [āā  u
u ii] • • • … u ii]
[ u • • [  ii ōō]
• • • [] [aa ] •

e””wd.
u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (110-112)
1 -354 awe clof ye qra,e qgowfxd,H tefXoae plofVug Ugod H

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā aa  aa]
• • • [aa  ēē]
• • [ōō  āā] • • [āā ii]•
[efwfog rHqH cgWdwfog aqquH ywdqgarwfog tUrHqk. Zdufcl yHqkulvqNfNdelof

[aa ā] • [aa aa] • [āā ii ā] • • [ēē  aa]
• • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [ aa ] • • [ii ū
ū] • [aa  ū
ū  aa  ōō]
• • • • • •
ywdUfU[gaywfog H . plofVug aw Zdufcl plofaWqkH> tqfqrEgwfx wkrfa[

[ ii  āā ēē ā]
• • • • • u ii ]
[ u • • • [ōō  āā] • • [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ōō ēē u
u]
• • [aa   ]
• • • u ē ]
[u • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
106
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1

[ēē aa]
• u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa  ū
ū  aa ii āā ]
• • • • • • • (113) u [k]
1 -355 awe clof ye qra,e qgowfxd,H tefXoae plofVug qluVH c [kʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā aa  aa]
• • • [aa  ēē]
• • [ōō  āā] • • ū  aa]
[ū • •
U [g]
[efwfog rHqH cgWdwfog aqquH ywdqgarwfog tUrHqk. Zdufcl yHqkulvqNfNdelof
C [gʰ]
[aa ā] • [aa aa] • [āā ii ā]
• • [ēē  aa]
• • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • [ aa ] • • [ii ū
ū] • [aa  ū
ū  aa  ōō]
• • • • • •
i [ṅ]
ywdUfU[gaywfog H . plofVug aw Zdufcl plofaWqkH> tqfqrEgwfx wkrfa[
[ ii  āā ēē ā]
• • • • • u ii ]
[ u • • • [ōō  āā] • • [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ōō ēē u
u]• • [aa   ]
• • • u ē ]
[u • • p [c]
ao,, yHqkulvqNfNdqfqgg””wd. Q [cʰ]
[ēē aa]
• u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [aa  ū
ū  aa ii āā ]
• • • • • • • (114)
P [j]
1 -356 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck wdEufacwfwH
™ [jʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ aa  aa]
• • •
N [ñ]
Uefwfog vlwH wdEH yNfprgqUfCeuH ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd. wqfq ukufukpfpH
[aa ā] • ū aa]
[ū • [ aa] • [aa  āā aa  aa]
• • • • • [  ii ōō]
• • • [] [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • T [ṭ]
t[lofqd ...ay
e””wd. I [ṭʰ]
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (115)
J [ḍ]
1 -357 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck wdEufacwfwH
$ [ḍʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [ aa  aa]
• • •
E [ṇ]
Uefwfog wdEH vg,dwfog yNfprgqUfCeuH ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd. wqfq
[aa ā] • [ aa] • [āā ii ā]
• • [aa  āā aa  aa]
• • • • • [  ii ōō] • • • [] [aa ] •
w [t]
e””wd. x [tʰ]
u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (116)
W [d]
1 -358 awe clof ye qra,e tgUefwkug Zdufcl qHCqfq trfYH
X [dʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā aa  āā]
• • • [ii ū
ū] • [aa aa ] • • [aa aa] •
e [n]
H . tgogqdug Zdufcl aw Zdufcl plofaWqkH> tqfqrEgwfx
ZgPgaywfog yVdZkNfPdqk
[āā āā ēē ā]
• • • u ii ]
[ u • • • [āā āā  āā]
• • • [ii ū
ū] • [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ōō ēē u
u] • • [aa   ]
• • •
y [p]

wkrfa[ ay.... ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. udpd
H wfwg z [pʰ]
u ē ]
[u • • [ēē aa] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ii ii āā] • •
Y [b]
[,, Zdufcao
wkrfa[ ao””wd? yVdZlofUwfxg, r,H, ZUog”wd. tegywfwd, Zdufcao
ao,,
Z [bʰ]
u ē]
[u • [ii  ēē ] • • • [ ōō aa āā ]
• • • • [ aa] • [ āā ] • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • •
r [m]
g,g””wd.
yVdZlofUwfxg,g
[ ōō aa āā āā ]
• • • • • (117) , [y]
1 -359 awe clof ye qra,e tgUefwkug Zdufcl qHCqfq PrfYkH ... V [r]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā aa  āā]
• • • [ii ū
ū] • [aa aa ] • • [aa u
u] • …
v [l]
qHCqfq vYkPH ... qHCqfq yeqH ... qHCqfq wgvyufuH ... qHCqfq tkpfQkH o [v]
[aa aa ] • • [ aa] • … [aa aa ] • • [ aa] • … [aa aa ]
• • [āā  aa aa]
• • • … [aa aa ] • • u u
[u u] •
q [s]
... qHCqfq wdrfYVlquH H . tgogqdug Zdufcl aw Zdufcl
ZgPgaywfog yVdZkNfPdqk
… [aa aa ] • • [ii  ū
ū  aa]
• • • • [āā āā ēē ā]
• • • u ii ]
[ u • • • [āā āā  āā]
• • • [ii ū
ū] • [ēē] [ii ū
ū] • [ [h]

plofaWqkH> tqfqrEgwfx wkrfa[ ay.... tegywfwd, ` [ḷ]
• u] • [aa   ]
• • • u ē ]
[u • • [ēē aa] • u u
[u u aa]• • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • •
tH [ŋ̊]
ao,,
Zdufcao g,g””wd.
yVdZlofUwfxg,g
[ii  ēē] • • [ ōō aa āā āā ] • • • • • (118-123)
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
107
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
1 -360 awe clof ye qra,e trfYygvug ZdufcleH trfYzvH aWefwd.

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā  āā] • • • • [ii ū
ū aa] • • [aa  aa] • • [ ] •
Zdufcl> UlofaywkH tdar tdqfqVg, e,dar Wgwke”wd, ukufukpfpg,efwg e ywdUfUEf[efwd.

[ii ū
ū] • [ōō ēē u
u] • • [ ēē] • [ii  āā]
• • [ ēē] • [āā u
u ]• • u u
[u u āā aa āā] • • • • [] [ ii aa a ]
• • • •
ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. tegywfwd, Zdufcao

ao,, Wgae””wd.
Ulofyuqfq Wgae
[ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [ōō  aa ]
• • • [āā ēē ] • • (124)
1 -361 awe clof ye qra,e PrfYkygvug ... vYkPygvug ...

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  āā  āā] • • • • … [ āā  āā] • • • …
yeqygvug ... wgvyufuygvug ... tkpfQkygvug ... wdrfYVlquygvug ZdufcleH

[ āā  āā] • • • … [āā  aa  āā  āā]
• • • • • • … u  āā  āā]
[u • • • • … [ii  ū
ū  āā  āā]
• • • • • • [ii ū
ū aa] • •
wdrfYVlquH aWefwd. Zdufcl> UlofaywkH tdar tdqfqVg, e,dar Wgwke”wd,

[ii  ū
ū  aa]
• • • • [ ] • [ii ū
ū] • [ōō ēē u
u] • • [ ēē]
• [ii  āā]• • [ ēē] • [āā u
u ] • •
ukufukpfpg,efwg e ywdUfUEf[efwd. ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. tegywfwd,

u u
[u u āā aa āā]
• • • • [] [ ii aa a ]
• • • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
•u] • • [ āā aa ]
• • •
ao,,
Zdufcao Wgae””wd.
Ulofyuqfq Wgae
[ii  ēē] • • [ōō  aa ]• • • [āā ēē ]
• • (125-130)
1 -362 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qHCqfq WgVkH

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [aa aa ] • • [āā u
u] •
wgougvduH [Vdwfog twfwelof od[gVqfq ukwfwH tkywfxrfaZqd. Zdufcl wH ZdufckH

[āā  āā  aa]
• • • • [ ii ā] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ āā aa ]
• • • u aa]
[u • [ aa aa ēē ]
• • • • [ii ū
ū] • [aa] [ii u
u] •
e””wd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd. ZUowlof atwrwfxH

plofaWqkH> tqfqrElofqd wfoe
u]
• • [aa  ōō ]
• • • [a ] • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • •
tgVlofapqd. udpd
H wfwlof wfoH, Zdufcl”wd? wgougvdulof t[H, ZUog”wd. tegywfwd, Zdufck,
• • • [ii ii ōō] • • [a] [ii ū
ū ] • • [āā  āā  ōō]
• • • • [ aa]• [ āā ] • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] •
u””wd.
wgougvdau
[āā  āā  ēē ]
• • • • • (131)
1 -363 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qHCqfq tkWuH

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [aa aa ] • • [ aa] •
ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd ... qHCqfq rwfwduH ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd ... qHCqfq

[  ii ōō]
• • • [] … [aa aa ]
• • [aa  aa] • • [  ii ōō] • • • [] … [aa aa ] • •
ykNfPudwH wdEH ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd ... wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

ay.... tgywfwd H
u  aa]
[u • • [ aa] • [  ii ōō]
• • • [] … [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ] • • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• •

e””wd.
[a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (132-134)
1 -364 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qHCqfq ykNfPudwH

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [aa aa ] • • u  aa]
[u • •
wdEH ax,f,pdwfwlof ™gayqd. wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

ay.... tegywfwd, Zdufck,
[ aa]
• [  ii ōō] • • • [āā ēē ]
• • [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii ] •
ygVgPduqfq. tgywfwd Wkufuwqfqgg””wd.

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • (135)
1 -365 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qHCqfq rNfpH

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō] • • [ii ] • [aa aa ] • • [aa aa] •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
108
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd ... wqfq ukufukpfpH t[lofqd ...ay

[  ii ōō] • • • [] … [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • u [k]
e””wd.
tgyefelof ygVgPdue c [kʰ]
• • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • (136)
U [g]
1 -366 awe clof ye qra,e tNfNwVlof Zdufck qHCqfq yDIH ... C [gʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa  ōō]
• • [ii ] • [aa aa ] • • [ aa] • …
i [ṅ]
qHCqfq Zdqd H ... qHCqfq YdYfYlof[eH ... qHCqfq uogwH ... qHCqfq
[aa aa ]• • [ ii] • … [aa aa ] • • [ii ōō  aa] • • • … [aa aa ] • • [ āā aa]• • … [aa aa ] • • p [c]
tgvlofuqefXd H ... qHCqfq Ulofygeqd H ax,f,pdwfwlof to[Vd ... wqfq ukufukpfpH Q [cʰ]
[āā ōō  aa ii]
• • • • … [aa aa ] • • [ōō āā  ii]
• • • [  ii ōō] • • • [] … [aa ] • u u
[u u aa] • •
P [j]
t[lofqd ...ay
e””wd. ™ [jʰ]
[ ōō ]
• • [ēē] [āā aa ii]
• • [a] [ii ] • [āā aa ōō]
• • [āā āā  aa ]• • • • (137-142)
N [ñ]
1 -367 awe clof ye qra,e Zdufcl tNfNwVqfq tkygquqfq
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ii ū
ū] • [aa  aa ]
• • • [ āā  aa ]
• • • • T [ṭ]
od[gVyVdZlofUH aqegqeH tNfNwfV yVdZkNfPefwd. tx clof qlof tkygqulof I [ṭʰ]
[ āā  ōō aa]
• • • • [ēē āā  aa]
• • • [aa aa ]
• • u aa ]
[ u • • • [] [ōō] [ōō] [ āā  ōō]
• • •
J [ḍ]
tkPf™g,wd cd,f,wd odygapwd> uxNf[d egr ZWefwg tNfNwfV yVdZlofUH
$ [ḍʰ]
u āā ]
[u • • [ii ] • [ āā ēē ]
• • • [ aa ] • • [āā ] • [ aa āā] • • [aa aa ] • • [ ōō aa] • •
E [ṇ]
tNfNwfV yVdZkNfPdqfqefwDD””wd. ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. e, Zdufcao
ao,,
[aa aa ]
• • u ii aa  ]
[ u • • • • • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [] [ii  ēē] • •
w [t]
tNfNwfV yVdZlofUlof tNfNwfV yVdZkNfPdwYfYlof. ,lof yVdZkNfaP,f,, tgywfwd x [tʰ]
[aa aa ]
• • [ ōō ōō] • • [aa aa ]
• • u  aa ōō]
[ u • • • • [ōō] u  ]
[ u • • • [āā aa ]
• •
W [d]
Wkufuwqfqgg””wd.
X [dʰ]
u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • (143)
e [n]
1 -368 awe clof ye qra,e Zdufcl tkylofqxUfUrfyd qefedqPfPrfyd
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ii ū
ū] • [ ōō  aa aa ]
• • • • • [aa  aa aa ]
• • • •
y [p]
[VdwkH ukufukpfpg,efwg Qrg,H edqDWefwd. Uwfwgedyd pDoVgedyd yHqkudwged z [pʰ]

u]
[ u • u u
[u u āā aa āā]
• • • • [ āā aa] • • [  aa ]
• • • [aa āā ] • • [  āā ]
• • • [aa  āā ] • • •
Y [b]
[lefwd. ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. tekPgegrd, ao,,
Zdufcao wgougvduH
Z [bʰ]
[ ] • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ āā āā ] • • • [ii  ēē] • • [āā  āā  aa]
• • • •
r [m]
[Vdwke”wd.
u ]
[ u • • (144) , [y]
1 -369 awe clof ye qra,e prfyg,H xkvfveefWg, Zdufcked,g V [r]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [aa āā aa] • • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • [ii  āā] • •
v [l]
tefawogqdeD ZdufckeD xkvfveefWg, Zdufcked,g tkywfIguukvH Uefwfog> t,f,g
[aa ēē āā  ]
• • • • [ii  ] • • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • [ii  āā] • • [ aa āā  aa]
• • • • [aa ā] • [aa āā] •
o [v]
tdpfQwd awuwkv,gUkH ygwke”wd, ypgaywfog [Vdwfog twfweg yVdZkNfPd. qg q [s]

[ii ]
• [ēē  āā u
• u] • • [āā u
u ] • • [ āā ēē ā]
• • • [ ii ā] • • [aa  āā] • • u ]
[ u • • [āā] [ [h]

Pgedwfog wH plofaWqd> tqfqrEDqd wfoe ay..... tx ` [ḷ]
[āā ii ā]
• • [aa] [ōō ēē ] • • [aa   ]
• • • [a ] • [aa āā] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē] []
tH [ŋ̊]
clof qg ZdufckeD ZdufckeDeH atwrwfxH tgVlofapqd. Zdufcked,lof ZdufcleH
[ōō] [āā] [ii  ]• • [ii   aa] • • • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē ]
• • • [ii  ōō] • • [ii ū
ū aa] • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
109
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. Zdufcl ZUowlof atwrwfxH tgVlofapqkH. tegywfwd, Zdufcao

ao,,
[ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ii ū
ū] • [ ōō] • [ēē  aa aa]
• • • [āā ōō ēē u
• u] • • [ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • •
ygVgPduqfq; tgywfwd qrfyPgerkqgogaW ygpdwfwd,qfqgg””wd.

[āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]
• • [aa  āā  āā āā ēē]
• • • • • • [āā ii  aa āā ]
• • • • • (145)
1 -370 awe clof ye qra,e VgPUa[ xkvfveefWg, Zdufcked,g

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā  ēē] • • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • [ii  āā] • •
tefawogqdeD ZdufckeD xkvfveefWg, Zdufcked,g tkywfIguukvH Uefwfog> t,f,g

[aa ēē āā  ]
• • • • [ii  ] • • u  aa āā ]
[u • • • • [ii  āā] • • [ aa āā  aa]
• • • • [aa ā] • [aa āā] •
tdpfQwd rXkUlof`uH cgWdwke”wd, ypgaywfog [Vdwfog twfweg yVdZkNfPd. qg

[ii ]
• [ ōō  aa] • • • [āā  u
u ] • • • [ āā ēē ā] • • • [ ii ā] • • [aa  āā] • • u ]
[ u • • [āā]

Pgedwfog wH plofaWqd> tqfqrEDqd wfoe ay....
[āā ii ā]
• • [aa] [ōō ēē ] • • [aa   ]
• • • [a ] • [aa āā] • u u
[u u aa] • • [ ōō ]
• • [ēē]
tegywfwd, Zdufcao
ao,, ygVgPduqfq; tgywfwd qrfyPgerkqgogaW ygpdwfwd,qfqgg””wd.
[ āā aa ]
• • • [ii  ēē] • • [āā āā  aa ]
• • • • [āā aa ]• • [aa  āā  āā āā ēē] • • • • • • [āā ii  aa āā ]
• • • • • (146)
1 -371 awe clof ye qra,e aoqgvd,H tg,qfrwlof tPfPkuqfq

[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [ēē āā  aa] • • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [aa  aa ]
• • •
tkywfIguqfq U[ywdelof Wfao WgVug [lefwd> ykwfwlof p ZgUdae,f,lof p. tx clof

[ aa āā aa ]
• • • • [ ōō] • [ē] [āā  āā] • • [ ] • u ōō]
[u • [] [āā   ōō] • • • [] [] [ōō]
qlof U[ywd tg,qfrefwH tPfPkuH atwWolofp> tdrH, w,, tlofugqH ,lof tdarqH
Zefaw
[ōō] [] [āā aa a aa]
• • • [aa  aa]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ aa]
• [aa ēē] • [ōō āā aa]
• • [ōō] [ ēē aa]
• •
WfodefeH WgVugeH qWfXlof [lofwd yqefelof gqD””wd. awe clof ye

wqfq tgpdufac,f,gqD
[i aa] • [āā  āā aa]
• • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [ aa ōō] • • [aa ] • [āā ii  āā  ]
• • • • • [ēē ] • [ōō] []
qra,e wqfq U[ywdelof ZgUdae,f,lof qWfXlof [lofwd yqefelof. tx clof tg,qfrg

[ ēē ] • • [aa ] • [ ōō] • [āā   ōō] • • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [ aa ōō] • • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• •
tPfPkulof wH tlofugqH wqfq WgVuqfq tgpdufcd. qlof awe qgyaw,fa,e

[aa  ōō]
• • [aa] [ōō āā aa]
• • [aa ] • [āā  aa ]• • • [āā ii ]• • [ōō] [ēē ] • [āā   ēē ]
• • • •
ukwkrfYNfp qEfIayqd WgeNfp ywfIayqd. tx clof wqfq U[ywdelof ykwfwlof

u aa ]
[ u • • • [aa  ēē ] • • • [āā aa ]
• • [aa  ēē ] • • • [] [ōō] [aa ] • [ ōō] • u ōō]
[u •
tg,qfrefwH tgeefWH atwWolofp> ulof ek clof, Zefaw tgeefW, ydwkelof Wg,PfPlof>

[āā aa a aa]
• • • [āā aa aa]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [aa ēē] • [āā aa ]• • [ ōō] • [āā aa ōō]
• •
ykwfwlof og ZgUdae,f,lof og”wd? ykwfwlof clof, tgokqlof, ydwkelof Wg,PfPlof”wd. t,H,

u ōō]
[u • [āā] [āā   ōō] • • • [āā ] • u ōō]
[u • [ōō] [āā  ōō]
• • [ ōō] • [āā aa ōō ]
• • • [ aa] •
w,, t,f,lof tPfPkulof trf[guH

Zefaw qgyaw,f,H trf[guH arxkeuqfq tgpdufcDD””wd.
[aa ēē] • [aa ōō] • [aa  ōō]
• • [aa ā aa] • • [āā   aa]
• • • [aa ā aa]
• • [ēē  aa ] • • • [āā ii  ]
• • •
tqfqrElof, tgokqlof, tg,qfrg tPfPkulof”wd. tx clof tg,qfrg tPfPkulof tg,qfrefwH

[aa  ōō]
• • [āā  ōō]
• • [āā aa ā]
• • [aa  ōō ] • • • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• • [aa  ōō]
• • [āā aa a aa]
• • •
ar,, tgokqlof tgeefW, odedpfQ,e

tgeefWH atwWolofp> aW[d ar ,e””wd. awe clof ye
[āā aa aa]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ēē ] • [ēē] [āā  ōō] • • [āā aa ]
• • [ ii  aa ]
• • • • [ēē ] • [ōō] []
qra,e tg,qfrg tkygvd tg,qfrwlof tPfPkuqfq yufclof [lofwd. tx clof tg,qfrg

[ ēē ] • • [āā aa ā]
• • [ āā ] • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [aa  aa ]• • • [aa ōō] • [ōō ] • [] [ōō] [āā aa ā]
• •
tkygvd tg,qfrefwH tgeefWH atwWolofp> ,lof ek clof, tgokqlof tgeefW, qgrdaue

[ āā ]
• • [āā aa a aa]
• • • [āā aa aa]
• • [ēē  ōō ]
• • • [ōō] [] [ōō] [āā  ōō] • • [āā aa ]
• • [āā  ēē ]
• • •
lah
lahu
[u - [ēē-] [ōō-] -
110
[u ū]
[aŋ̊
Sa
Sajjhāy
jjhāyaa T
Tepiṭak
ปาฬิ 1
‘tdrH gqD’’wd okwfwlof wqfq tgpdufcwd, ud H

tlofugqH tdwfxefegrqfq tgpdufac,f,gqD
[ aa]
• [ōō āā aa]
• • [ii aa āā aa ]
• • • • [āā ii  āā  ]
• • • • • u ōō]
[u • [aa ] • [āā ii ]
• • [ii] u [k]
wD””wd? e, Zefaw
qlof tgyPfPwD w,, udNfpd tgyPfPwd, tefwrqlof WkufuwrwfwrfyDD””wd. c [kʰ]
[ōō] [āā aa   ]
• • • • [] [aa ēē] • [ii ] • [āā aa ]
• • [aa  ōō]
• • u  aa aa  ]
[u • • • • •
U [g]
t,H, tgokqlof, tg,qfrg tPfPkulof qgrdaue> ‘tdrH tlofugqH tdwfxefegrqfq
C [gʰ]
[ aa]
• [āā  ōō] • • [āā aa ā]
• • [aa  ōō]• • [āā  ēē ]
• • • [ aa]• [ōō āā aa]
• • [ii aa āā aa ]
• • • •
i [ṅ]
tgpdufcg’wd okwfwlof wqfq tgpdufcwd; tegywfwd, tgokqlof, tg,qfrwlof
[āā ii āā ]
• • • u ōō]
[u • [aa ] • [āā ii ]
• • [ āā aa ]
• • • [āā  ōō]
• • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • p [c]
tPfPkuqfqgg””wd. Q [cʰ]
[aa  aa āā ]
• • • • (147)
P [j]
1 -372 awe clof ye qra,e YgVgEqd,H tg,qfrwlof ydvdefWopfQqfq
™ [jʰ]
[ēē ] • [ōō] [] [ ēē ] • • [āā āā  aa]
• • • [āā aa  ōō]
• • • [ ii  aa aa ]
• • • • •
N [ñ]
tkywfIguukvH plofaV[d tkyWfWkwH [lofwd. Wfao p WgVug eDwg [lefwd. tx clof
[ aa āā  aa]
• • • • [ōō ēē ]• • [ aa  aa]
• • • [ōō ]
• [ē] [] [āā  āā] • • [ āā] • [ ] • [] [ōō] T [ṭ]
tg,qfrg ydvdefWopfQlof aw WgVau tdWfXd,g tgaewfog ygqgaW Iayqd. rekqfqg I [ṭʰ]
[āā aa ā]
• • [ ii  aa ōō]
• • • • [ēē] [āā  ēē] • • [ii  āā] • • [āā ēē ā]
• • [āā āā ēē] • • [ ēē ] • • u āā]
[ u • •
J [ḍ]
aw WgVau yqfqdwfog> t,f,qfqg,H ydvdefWopfQqfq tdWfXgekZgolof”wd, tg,qfrefaw $ [ḍʰ]
[ēē] [āā  ēē] • • [aa ii ā] • • [aa aa āā aa]
• • • [ ii  aa aa ]
• • • • • [ii āā  āā ōō ]
• • • • • [āā aa a ēē]
• • •
E [ṇ]
H .
ydvdefWopfaQ tZdyfyqDWdqk Zdufcl tkPf™g,efwd cd,f,efwd odygapefwd> uxNf[d
[ ii  aa ēē]
• • • • [ ii   ii ]
• • • • • [ii ū
ū] • u āā aa ]
[u • • • [ii aa ] • • [ āā  ]
• • • [ aa ] • • w [t]
egr wD””wd. ZUowlof
tg,qfrg ydvdefWopfQlof plofaV[d eDaw WgVau tgaeqfqwD x [tʰ]
[āā ] • [āā aa ā]
• • [ ii  aa ōō]
• • • • [ōō ēē ] • • [ ēē] • [āā  ēē] • • [āā    ]
• • • • [ ōō] •

Tai Phāke Script-Pā I

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Tai Phāke Script-Pā I

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

YkWfX

Pāḷi Tipiṭaka rthography based on

Major Suradhaj Bunnag, my ordainee saddhivihārika, who was ordained as a

I thereby designate this commemorative Pāḷi Tipiṭaka edition

As He approached Parinibbāna, the Buddha uttered:

216 484...yo vo, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito

Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 25002

Ānanda, the Dhamma (Doctrine) which I have expounded and the

Translation from The World Tipiṭaka Edition M2500: 7D2:4843

Thailand’s friendly Buddhist countries including Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia,

His Holiness Somdet Phra Ñāṇasaṁvara

20 October Buddhist Era 2542 (1999),

The Importance of the Tipiṭaka in Buddhasāsana

The term Buddhasāsana or Buddhism is generally used to convey a wide variety

Dhamma and Vinaya : Embodiment and Abode of the Buddha

216 484...Yo vo, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito

Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 25002

Ānanda, the Dhamma (Doctrine) which I have expounded and the

Translation from The World Tipiṭaka Edition M2500: 7D2:484

Saṅgīti : Preservation of the Buddha’s Words

This manner of Saṅgīti, or chanting together, was set as a precedent in the

The First Great Tipiṭaka Council of the Buddhist Era, B.E. 1

Saṅgīti and Tipiṭaka : Principles of Theravāda Buddhasāsana

The history of Saṅgīti in its true though extended meaning of an assembly to go

Mukhapāṭha : First Period of Tipiṭaka Transmission, before B.E. 460

Preservation by mukhapāṭha was carried out through recitation, which could

4. It was the practice of a monk as stated in an Aṭṭhakathā or Commentary that

Saṁgha and Tisikkhā : Buddhist Monks and Tipiṭaka Studies

As Buddhist monks lived in a community called Saṁgha, regulated by the

Potthakāropana : Second Period of Tipiṭaka Transmission, after B.E. 460

In one way, preservation in writing seems to assure stability and permanency;

Consequently, when preservation of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka relies on outside materials,

Chaṭṭhasaṅgīti : The Buddhist Era 2500 Great International Council

When Buddhasāsana reached the twenty-fifth century of the Buddhist Era,

Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka :The World Edition in Roman Script, B.E. 2545

With patience, determination and carefully laid-out procedures, there is a report

Tipiṭaka in the Modern World

In this respect, Buddhasāsana as embodied in the words of the Pāḷi Tipiṭaka is

Tipiṭaka as Important Source for Wisdom and World Peace

Now it is generally accepted that these environmental problems stem from an

The Middle Way

On this matter Buddhasāsana teaches the Middle Way19 — to know things as

Man is a special component in this system as he can be trained and developed.

Tipiṭaka as Dāna : a Gift of Dhamma from Thailand

Venerable Phra Dhammapiṭaka21

October 9, B.E. 2545 (2002)

C World Tipiṭaka Sajjhāya Phonetic Edition in Various Tai Scripts

กัล๎ยาณธัม์มํ ชTai Syām Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

กล ฯาณธมฯํฯ ชTai Yuan Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

ชTai Lōng Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

dy]pkItTy,,Y ชTai Lao Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

d]CkIT,?Y ชTai Kün Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

ᦂᩃᩣᨱᨵᨾᩴ ชTai Lü Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

ชTai Khamti Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

klqÂaöDmqmÈ ชTai Āhom Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

ชTai Phāke Script-Pāḷi ช40 Vols./Digital

ชPāḷi Alphabet ช40 Vols./Digital

16 ชDigital Tai Pāḷi Sound ชDigital Only

Example of Lahu and Garu Sound

% �� & %� &+�� &� %

garu 2 Du-mhigaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 602 : dumhi garu

garu 3 Saṁyogagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 28 : paradvebhāvo ṭhāne

garu 4 Niggahītagaru see Kaccāyanapāḷi Rule No. 37 : niggahītañca