POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

By
Daksh Kapoor(1503021017)
Deepak Gupta(1503021018)
Kunal Sharma(1503021027)
Manoj Kr. Shukla(1503021029)

Under the Supervision of

Dr. Rambir Singh
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
INDERPRASTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GHAZIABAD
DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW
MAY 2019

POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

by
Daksh Kapoor(1503021017)
Deepak Gupta(1503021018)
Kunal Sharma(1503021027)
Manoj Kr. Shukla(1503021029)

Under the Supervision of

Dr. Rambir Singh
Submitted to the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
in
<Discipline>

INDERPREASTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GHAZIABAD

DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM Technical University, LUCKNOW
MAY, 2019
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by
another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the
award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher
learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Signature

Name

Roll No.

Date

ii
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project Report entitled “POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE” which is submitted by………………………..………… in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree B. Tech. in
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering of Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam.
Technical University, is a record of the candidate own work carried out by him
under my/our supervision. The matter embodied in this thesis is original and has
not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Date: Supervisor

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my acknowledgement for valuable efforts which I have taken
in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind of
support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my
sincere thanks to all of them.

I’m highly indebted to Dr. Rambir Singh for the guidance and supervision as well as
for providing necessary information and support regarding the project.

I would also like to thank everyone who helped me in providing necessary

information, my thanks and appreciation also go to my colleague in developing and
completing this project.

Signature:

Name :

Roll No.:

Date :

iv
ABSTRACT

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION.............................................................................................. ii
CERTIFICATE ................................................................................................ iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................ vii
LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................ viii
LIST OF SYMBOLS..........................................................................................ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................x
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.................................................……………..1
1.1 OBJECTIVE ......................................................................................5
1.2.UPQC ...........................................................................……………..8
CHAPTER 2 ......................................................................................................13
3.1. ......................................................................................................................15
3.2…....................................................................................................................17
3.2.1.....................................................................................................................19
3.2.2.....................................................................................................................20
3.2.2.1..................................................................................................................21
3.2.2.2..................................................................................................................22
3.3. ......................................................................................................................23
CHAPTER 4 …………………….......................................................................30
4.1. ......................................................................................................................36
4.2. ......................................................................................................................39
CHAPTER 5……….. ........................................................................................40
APPENDIX A ....................................................................................................45
APPENDIX B.....................................................................................................47
REFERENCES...................................................................................................49

vi
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION:
With the advent of power semiconductor switching devices, like thyristors, GTO's
(Gate Turn off thyristors), IGBT's (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) and many
more devices, control of electric power has become a reality. Such power electronic
controllers are widely used to feed electric power to electrical loads, such as
adjustable speed drives (ASD's), furnaces, computer power supplies, HVDC systems
etc.

The power electronic devices due to their inherent nonlinearity draw harmonic and
reactive power from the supply. In three phase systems, they could also cause
unbalance and draw excessive neutral currents. The injected harmonics, reactive
power burden, unbalance, and excessive neutral currents cause low system
efficiency and poor power factor.In addition to this, the power system is subjected
to various transients like voltage sags, swells, flickers etc. These transients would
affect the voltage at distribution levels. Excessive reactive power of loads would
increase the generating capacity of generating stations and increase the transmission
losses in lines. Hence supply of reactive power at the load ends becomes essential.

Power Quality (PQ) has become an important issue since many loads at various
distribution ends like adjustable speed drives, process industries, printers, domestic
utilities, computers, microprocessor based equipments etc. have become intolerant
to voltage fluctuations, harmonic content and interruptions.

Power Quality (PQ) mainly deals with issues like maintaining a fixed voltage at the
Point of Common Coupling (PCC) for various distribution voltage levels
irrespective of voltage fluctuations, maintaining near unity power factor power
drawn from the supply, blocking of voltage and current unbalance from passing
upwards from various distribution levels, reduction of voltage and current harmonics
in the system and suppression of excessive supply neutral current.

1.
Conventionally, passive LC filters and fixed compensating devices with some
degree of variation like thyristor switched capacitors, thyristor switched reactors
were employed to improve the power factor of ac loads. Such devices have the
demerits of fixed compensation, large size, ageing and resonance. Nowadays
equipments using power semiconductor devices, generally known as active power
filters (APF's), Active Power Line Conditioners (APLC's) etc. are used for the power
quality issues due to their dynamic and adjustable solutions. Flexible AC
Transmission Systems (FACTS) and Custom Power products like STATCOM
(STATic synchronous COMpensator), DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorer), etc. deal
with the issues related to power quality using similar control strategies and concepts.
Basically, they are different only in the location in a power system where they are
deployed and the objectives for which they are deployed.

1.1 OBJECTIVE:
Improvement of power quality at utilization level in an electric power system using
ANN( Artificial Neural Network) controller. This project aims to decrease the
harmonics in the load current due to presence of non-linear loads in the system.

1.2 UPQC:

Active Power Filters can be classified, based on converter type, topology and the
number of phases. Converter types are Current Source Inverter (CSI) with inductive
energy storage or Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) with capacitive energy storage. The
topology can be shunt, series or combination of both. The third classification is based
on the number of phases, such as single phase systems, three phase systems or three
phase four wire systems.

The Objective of this paper, one such APLC known as Unified Power Quality
Conditioner (UPQC), which can be used at the PCC for improving power quality, is
designed, simulated using proposed control strategy and the performance is
evaluated for various nonlinear loads (steel plant loads).

Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) using PLL with PWM Control is
discussed and simulated. Case study of a typical steel plant has been given.
Simulated proposed UPQC for various non-linear loads of steel plant and results
with installation of STATCOM and UPQC are reported.
2.
 CHAPTER 6

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent
machines. It has become an essential part of the technology industry.

Research associated with artificial intelligence is highly technical and specialized.

The core problems of artificial intelligence include programming computers for
certain traits such as:
 Knowledge
 Reasoning
 Problem solving
 Perception
 Learning
 Planning
 Ability to manipulate and move objects

Knowledge engineering is a core part of AI research. Machines can often act and
react like humans only if they have abundant information relating to the world.
Artificial intelligence must have access to objects, categories, properties and
relations between all of them to implement knowledge engineering. Initiating
common sense, reasoning and problem-solving power in machines is a difficult and
tedious task.

Machine learning is also a core part of AI. Learning without any kind of supervision
requires an ability to identify patterns in streams of inputs, whereas learning with
adequate supervision involves classification and numerical regressions.
Classification determines the category an object belongs to and regression deals with
obtaining a set of numerical input or output examples, thereby discovering functions
enabling the generation of suitable outputs from respective inputs. Mathematical
analysis of machine learning algorithms and their performance is a well-defined
branch of theoretical computer science often referred to as computational learning
theory.
Machine perception deals with the capability to use sensory inputs to deduce the
different aspects of the world, while computer vision is the power to analyze visual
inputs with a few sub-problems such as facial, object and gesture recognition.

Robotics is also a major field related to AI. Robots require intelligence to handle
tasks such as object manipulation and navigation, along with sub-problems of
localization, motion planning and mapping.
 CHAPTER 7

Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

An artificial neuron network (ANN) is a computational model based on the
structure and functions of biological neural networks. Information that flows
through the network affects the structure of the ANN because a neural network
changes - or learns, in a sense - based on that input and output.
ANNs are considered nonlinear statistical data modeling tools where the complex
relationships between inputs and outputs are modeled or patterns are found.
ANN is also known as a neural network

An ANN has several advantages but one of the most recognized of these is the fact
that it can actually learn from observing data sets. In this way, ANN is used as a
random function approximation tool. These types of tools help estimate the most
cost-effective and ideal methods for arriving at solutions while defining computing
functions or distributions. ANN takes data samples rather than entire data sets to
arrive at solutions, which saves both time and money. ANNs are considered fairly
simple mathematical models to enhance existing data analysis technologies.
ANNs have three layers that are interconnected. The first layer consists of input
neurons. Those neurons send data on to the second layer, which in turn sends the
output neurons to the third layer.

Training an artificial neural network involves choosing from allowed models for
which there are several associated algorithms.

7.1 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Controller