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Dr. Muzahid Akbar Hayat M.Si.

m.akbarhayat@gmail.com

The Media & Mediated


Communication

After completing this lesson, you will
understand why…

•  Human-tool making has been important to the
evolution of communication.
•  Information overload is inevitable, and media
literacy is critical.
•  New media increase receiver’s control of
communication.
•  Higher quality media may not result in higher
quality communication outcomes.
The Third Wave (Toffler 1987)
•  The Third Wave
Information Society: Work with computers, Create, process,
store, transmit information.
•  Communication: Internet, WW W, E-mail
•  Computer readable information: Digital video,
Multimedia, Digital audio
•  The Second Wave
Industrial Society: Mass production, Industrial revolution.
Factories: Specialized jobs in industry
•  Communication: Printed books à Gutenberg Bible
1455; Movable type, Price of books decline, Slow
increase in literacy
•  The First Wave
Agricultural Society: farming, fishing, mining
•  Communication: Development of writing, Needed to
keep records, Few books
•  Only nobility (leisure class) could read
•  Books were hand copied
One of our basic human
skills is to create tools
Including tools known as… Communication
Media
Technological devices that extend our
natural ability
“..Media is the extension
of a man”
(Marshall McLuhan, 1965)
Media extend human
communication by…
Message production and
distribution
Information reception, storage and
retrieval
Production involves the creation of
messages using communication media
While distribution has 3 components:
Transmission
Reproduction and amplification

While distribution has 3 components:


Transmission
Display: making messages physically available
once they arrive at their destination
Types of media
Mass Media
In mass communication, the
primary channels are newspapers, radio,
film, television, and internet
Group and Organizational
Media
Telephones, internet, intercoms/memos,
computers, newsletters,
bulletin boards, annual reports, etc
Interpersonal Media
Letters, e-mail, telephones,
greeting cards, etc
Intrapersonal Media
Tape recorder, home video,
PDA, diary, mirror

Development of Hardware & Software





+


















Expansion of Digital Convergence
Content Trend Today
4 Sources of
Citizen News*
(for Indonesian Online Media) **

*) adapted from http://www.poynter.org/content/content_view.asp?id=83126


**) study case: http://www.detik.comm
Comment feature

1. Open Public Comments


2. Add-on Reporter
3. Bloghouse
4. Online Forum
Production Collaboration

Citizens

Sharing

Citizens

Consumption Collaboration

Consumption – Production - Collaboration


Emerging Ecosystem
readers

Detik.com

m.detik.com Blogdetik.com

time

*) study case: http://www.detik.comm

Ecosystem Creates Ripple Effect


Media Characteristics
Asynchronous vs Synchronous
Low vs High Interactivity
Low vs High Social Presence
Communication Mode Social Presence Rating*

Face-to face 0,81

Television 0.24

Multispeaker Audio -0,18

Telephone Audio -0,52

Business Letter -0,85

*Social presence scores range from +0.90 to -0,9


Mediated communication is
a mixed blessing…
Limited communication modes

Anonimity and Depersonalization
Decreased Responsibility and
Acountability
Teh Botol Sosro
Decreased
sense
of place
•  Media play a pervasive role in our
personal, social and occupational
activities.
•  Through mediated communication
we are able to overcome natural
limitations of space and time.
•  The basic functions of media are
message production & distribution,
reception, storage & retrieval.
•  Communications media have major
impacts in contemporary life.
•  Characteristics of media include their
degree of synchronicity, interactivity
and social presence.

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