TITIK BEKU DAN TITIK DIDIH

A. Tujuan
1. Menunjukkan hubungan antara konsentrasi larutan dengan penurunan titik beku larutan
2. Menunjukkan hubungan antara konsentrasi larutan dengan kenaikan titik didih larutan

B. Dasar Teori
Titik Beku
Titik beku adalah suatu zat dikatakan membeku jika partikel-partikel zat itu berada dalam
kisi-kisi kesetimbangan sehingga tidak terjadi gerakan partikel, selain getaran di tempatnya.
Penambahan zat terlarut nonvolatil juga dapat menyebabkanpenurunan titik beku larutan.
Gejala ini terjadi karena zat terlarut tidak larut dalam fasa padat pelarutnya.

Titik Didih
Titik didih adalah suatu larutan adalah suhu pada saat tekanan uap jenuh itu sama dengan
tekanan atmosfer linkungan sekitar. Pada keadaan tersebut akan terjadi perubahab wujud zat
dari cair menjadi gas. Suatu zat cair dikatakan mendidih jika tekanan uapnya sama dengan
tekanan atmosfer (tekanan udara luar) di atas permukaan cairan. Oleh karena tekanan uap
larutan zat nonvolatil lebih rendah dari pelarut murninya maka untuk mendidihkan larutan
perlu energi lebih dibandingkan mendidihkan pelarut murninya. Akibatnya, titik didih larutan
akan lebih tinggi daripada pelarut murninya.

C. Alat dan Bahan

1. Gelas plastik 500ml (Gambar 6)
2. Tabung reaksi dan rak (Gambar 5)
3. Pengaduk kaca (Gambar 12)
4. Aquadest (Gambar 1)
5. Sendok makan
6. Termometer (Gambar 3)
7. Gelas kimia 100 ml (Gambar 2)
8. Kasa dan kaki tiga (Gambar 4)
9. Pembakar spirtus (Gambar 4)
10. Larutan urea (CO(NH2)2) 1 m dan 2 m
11. Larutan gula (C12H22O11) 1 m dan 2 m
12. Larutan garam dapur (NaCl) 1 m dan 2 m
13. Es batu
14. Garam dapur grasak

D. Cara Kerja
I. Titik beku
1. Memasukkan butiran kecil es batu ke dalam gelas kimia plastik + tiga perempatnya
2. Menambahkan 8 sendok makan garam dapur, lalu mengaduk (ini sebagai campuran
pendingin)
3. Mengisi tabung reaksi dengan aquadest setinggi + 4 cm, memasukkan tabung ke dalam
campuran pendingin, lalu mengaduk dengan pengaduk kaca sampai aquadest dalam
tabung reaksi membeku semua (Gambar 8)
4. Mengeluarkan tabung dari campuran pendingin dan membiarkan es dalam tabung reaksi
mencair sebagian (Gambar 9). Memasukkan thermometer ke dalam tabung reaksi,
kemudian mengukur suhu campuran es dan air yang ada di dalam tabung reaksi
(Gambar 10)
 5. Mengulangi kegiatan di atas dengan menggunakan larutan gula, larutan urea, dan
larutan NaCl sebagai pengganti aquadest

II. Titik didih

1. Menyiapkan gelas kimia 100 ml sebanyak 7 buah, memberi nomor urut 1 sampai 5
2. Mengisi gelas kimia nomor 1 dengan aquadest sebanyak 25 ml
3. Memanaskan gelas kimia nomor 1 hingga aquadestnya mendidih (+4 menit), kemudian
mencatat suhunya (Gambar 7)
4. Gelas kimia nomor 2 dan 3 berturut-turut dimasukkan larutan gula 1 molal dan 2 molal
5. Gelas kimia nomor 4 dan 5 berturut-turut dimasukkan larutan urea 1 molal dan 2 molal
6. Gelas kimia nomor 6 dan 7 berturut-turut dimasukkan larutan NaCl 1 molal dan 2 molal
7. Memanaskan gelas kimia nomor 2 sampai dengan 7 hingga mendidih, kemudian
mencatat suhunya

E. Hasil Pengamatan
I. Titik beku
No LARUTAN MOLALITAS TITIK BEKU (OC) BEDA TITIK BEKU
1 Aquadest - 0 -
2 Larutan Gula 1 molal -1 1
3 Larutan Gula 2 molal -2 2
4 Larutan Urea 1 molal -2 2
5 Larutan Urea 2 molal -3 3
6 Larutan NaCl 1 molal -3 3
7 Larutan NaCl 2 molal -6 6

II. Titik didih

No LARUTAN MOLALITAS TITIK DIDIH (OC) BEDA TITIK DIDIH
1 Aquadest - 100 -
2 Larutan Gula 1 molal 102 2
3 Larutan Gula 2 molal 103 3
4 Larutan Urea 1 molal 101 1
5 Larutan Urea 2 molal 102 2
6 Larutan NaCl 1 molal 103 3
7 Larutan NaCl 2 molal 104 4

F. Pertanyaan
1. Bagaimana titik beku larutan dibanding titik beku pelarut murni (lebih tinggi, lebih rendah
atau sama)?
Jawaban : titik beku larutan lebih rendah dibanding titik beku pelarut murni

2. Bagaiman pengaruh molalitas larutan gula terhadap titik beku larutan dan penurunan titik
beku larutan?
Jawaban : semakin tinggi molalitas suatu larutan gula maka penurunan titik bekunya
semakin tinggi
3. Bagaiman pengaruh molalitas larutan urea terhadap titik beku larutan dan penurunan titik
beku larutan?
Jawaban : semakin tinggi molalitas suatu larutan urea maka penurunan titik bekunya
semakin tinggi

4. Bagaiman pengaruh molalitas larutan NaCl terhadap titik beku larutan dan penurunan titik
beku larutan?
Jawaban : semakin tinggi molalitas suatu larutan NaCl maka penurunan titik bekunya
semakin tinggi

5. Pada kemolalan yang sama, bagaimana pengaruh larutan NaCl (elektrolit) dibandingkan
dengan pengaruh larutan urea (non elektrolit) terhadap titik beku larutan dan penurunan
titik beku larutan?
Jawaban : berbanding terbalik, penurunan titik beku pada larutan elektrolit semakin tinggi,
sedangkan larutan non elektrolit penurunan titik bekunya semakin rendah

6. Sebutkan faktor-faktor yang menentukan harga penurunan titik beku larutan!

Jawaban : konsentrasi larutan, keelektrolitan larutan, jumlah partikel

7. Bagaimana titik didih larutan dibanding titik didih pelarut murni (lebih tinggi, lebih rendah
atau sama)?
Jawaban : titik didih larutan lebih tinggi daripada titik didih pelarut murni

8. Bagaimana pengaruh molalitas larutan gula terhadap titik didih larutan dan kenaikan titik
didih larutan?
Jawaban : Perbedaan molalitas pada larutan gula mengakibatkan titik didih larutan dan
kenaikan titik didih larutan lebih tinggi

9. Bagaimana pengaruh molalitas larutan urea terhadap titik didih larutan dan kenaikan titik
didih larutan?
Jawaban : Perbedaan molalitas pada larutan urea mengakibatkan titik didih larutan dan
kenaikan titik didih larutan lebih tinggi

10. Bagaimana pengaruh molalitas larutan NaCl terhadap titik didih larutan dan kenaikan titik
didih larutan?
Jawaban : Perbedaan molalitas pada larutan NaCl mengakibatkan titik didih larutan dan
kenaikan titik didih larutan lebih tinggi

11. Sebutkan faktor-faktor yang menentukan harga kenaikan titik didih larutan!
Jawaban : konsentrasi larutan, keelektrolitan larutan, jumlah partikel
G. Kesimpulan
1. Dari percobaan di atas dapat diketahui bahwa titik didih suatu larutan (NaCl, Urea,
Glukosa) dapat lebih tinggi dari titik didih pelarut, bergantung pada kemudahan zat terlarut
tersebut menguap.
2. Dari percobaan di atas dapat diketahui bahwa makin tinggi konsentrasi zat terlarut makin
rendah titik beku larutan.
3. Berdasarkan data diatas larutan elektrolit (NaCl) memiliki sifat koligatif larutan yaitu
kenaikan titik didih dan penurunan titik beku daripada larutan nonelektrolit pada
konsentrasinya sama
 FREEZING POINT AND BOILING POINT

A. Purpose

1. Shows the relationship between the concentration of the solution by lowering the
freezing point of the solution
2. Shows the relationship between the concentration of the solution to increase the
boiling point of the solution

B. Basic Theory

Freezing point

Freezing point of a substance is said to be frozen if the particles of matter are in

equilibrium lattice so that no particle motion, in addition to vibration in its place. The
addition of nonvolatile solute can also menyebabkanpenurunan freezing point of the
solution. This symptom occurs because the solute is not soluble in the solvent solid
phase.

Boiling point

Boiling point is the temperature at which the solution is saturated vapor

pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure surrounding environments. In such
circumstances there will be perubahab states of matter from liquid to gas. A liquid is
said to boil when its vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure (outside air
pressure) above the surface of the liquid. Therefore, the vapor pressure of a solution of
nonvolatile substances is lower than the pure solvent to boiling the solution needs more
energy than boiling the pure solvent. As a result, the boiling point of the solution will be
higher than the pure solvent.

C. Equipment and Materials

1. 500ml plastic cups (Picture 6) 8. Gauze and leg three (Picture 4)

2. Test tubes and rack (Picture 5) 9. Methylated spirit burner (Picture 4)
3. Glass stirrer (Picture 12) 10. Solution of urea (CO (NH 2) 2) 1 m and 2 m
4. Distilled water (Picture 1) 11. Sugar solution (C 12 H 22 O 11) 1 m and 2 m
5. Tablespoons. 12. Solution of common salt (NaCl) 1 m and 2 m
6. Thermometer (Picture 3) 13. Ice cube
7. 100 ml beaker (Picture 2) 14. Salt Grasak

D. Procedure

I.Freezing point

1. Enter the small grains of ice cubes into a plastic beaker + three-quarters
2. Add 8 tablespoons of salt, then stir (this as a coolant mixture)
3. Fill a test tube with distilled water + 4 cm tall, insert the tube into the cooling
mixture and stir with a glass stirrer until the distilled water in a test tube freezes
(Picture 8)
4. Remove the tube from the cooling mixture and let the ice melt in the tube part
(Picture 9). Insert the thermometer into the test tube, measuring temperature of
a mixture of ice and water in a test tube (Picture 10)
 5. Repeat the above activities using a sugar solution, a solution of urea, and NaCl
solution instead of distilled water

II. Boiling point

1. Prepare a 100 ml beaker of 7 pieces, grant number 1 to 5

2. Fill beaker number 1 with 25 ml distilled water
3. Heat the beaker number 1 to aquadestnya boiling (+ 4minutes), record the
temperature (Picture 7)
4. Beaker number 2 and 3 in a row is inserted 1 molal solution of sugar and 2 molal
5. Beaker number 4 and 5 in a row is inserted molal urea solution 1 and 2 molal
6. Beaker number 6 and 7 in a row inserted 1 molal NaCl solution and 2 molal
7. Heat the beaker number 2 to 7 until boiling, the temperature record

E. Observations

I.Freezing point

No. SOLUTION Molality FREEZING POINT (OC) FREEZING POINT

DIFFERENCE
1 Distilled water - 0 -
2 Sugar solution 1 molal -1 1
3 Sugar solution 2 molal -2 2
4 Urea solution 1 molal -2 2
5 Urea solution 2 molal -3 3
6 NaCl solution 1 molal -3 3
7 NaCl solution 2 molal -6 6

II.Boiling point
No. SOLUTION Molality BOILING POINT (O C) DIFFERENT BOILING
POINT
1 Distilled water - 100 -
2 Sugar solution 1 molal 102 2
3 Sugar solution 2 molal 103 3
4 Urea solution 1 molal 101 1
5 Urea solution 2 molal 102 2
6 NaCl solution 1 molal 103 3
7 NaCl solution 2 molal 104 4
F. Question

1. How does the freezing point of the solution rather than the freezing point of pure
solvent (higher, lower or the same)?
Answer: the freezing point of the solution is lower than the freezing point of pure
solvent

2. How influence molality of a solution of sugar on the freezing point of the solution
and decrease the freezing point of the solution?
Answer: the higher the molality of a solution of sugar then drop the higher freezing
point

3. How the influence of urea molality of a solution to the freezing point of the solution
and decrease the freezing point of the solution?
Answer: the higher the molality of a solution of urea decreased the higher freezing
point

4. How the influence of NaCl molality of the solution and the freezing point depression
of freezing point solution?
Answer: the higher the molality of a solution of NaCl decreased the higher freezing
point

5. At the same kemolalan, how the effect of NaCl solution (electrolyte) compared with
the effect of urea solution (non-electrolyte) to the freezing point of the solution and
lowering the freezing point of the solution?
Answer: inversely, decreased freezing at the higher electrolyte solution, while the
non-electrolyte solution decreased the lower the freezing point

6. Mention the factors that determine the price drop freezing solution!
Answer: solution concentration, keelektrolitan solution, the number of particles

7. How does the boiling point of the solution than the boiling point of the pure solvent
(higher, lower or the same)?
Answer: The boiling point of a solution is higher than the boiling point of the pure
solvent

8. How does a molality of a solution to the boiling point of a solution of sugar and
increase the boiling point of the solution?
Answer: The difference is the molality of the sugar solution resulted in an increase
the boiling point of the solution and the solvent boiling point higher

9. How the influence of urea molality of a solution to the boiling point of the solution
and increase the boiling point of the solution?
Answer: The difference is the molality of the urea solution resulted in an increase
the boiling point of the solution and the solvent boiling point higher

10. How the influence of NaCl molality to boiling point solvent and increase the boiling
point of the solution?
Answer: The difference is the molality of the NaCl solution resulted in an increase
the boiling point of the solution and the solvent boiling point higher
 11. Mention the factors that determine the price increase the boiling point of the
solution!
Answer: solution concentration, keelektrolitan solution, the number of particles

G. Conclusion

1. From the above experiments it is known that the boiling point of a solution (NaCl,
urea, glucose) can be higher than the boiling point of the solvent, depending on the
ease of the solute evaporates.
2. From the above experiments it is known that the higher the solute concentration the
lower the freezing point of the solution.
3. Based on the above data solution electrolyte (NaCl)
has nature colligative solution namely increase point Boiling and reduction point froz
en than solution nonelectrolyte on concentration same