Report On IOT and Embedded Systems

Embedded Design and Development
CHAPTER 1
COMPANY PROFILE
1.1 History
The company was legally registered in the year 2013, but it made its humble beginning
in the year 2012 with a team of six members. In the beginning the team started designing
some protocols for wireless communication with a range up to 4 to 5 km line of sight. The
company handled various projects and successfully completed them satisfying the client
requirement. After the successful completion of the project and achieving customer
satisfaction the number of clients increased who sincerely served with respect and faith. It
started recruiting people with great skills and expertise for different domains of company and
started working with new hopes and enthusiasm. Presently the companies have around 25
employees including all the departments like Embedded, Java, Dot net, android, Testing,
PCB design, IOT and so on. The company is working with many Industrial projects in
different domains and working for its own products.
1.2 Company Strategy

Purpose: To be a leader in the software Industry by providing enhanced
services, relationship and profitability.
Vision: To provide quality services that exceeds the expectations of our

esteemed customers.
Mission: To build long term relationships with our customers and clients and
provide exceptional customer services by pursuing business through
innovation and advanced technology.
Core values: To incorporate good business practices in order to achieve
customer satisfaction and treating the customers with respect and faith.
Goals:
 Focus on minimizing the development risks.
 To enhance skills and grow with demand
 To deliver optimal solutions
Dept of ECE NDRKIT, Hassan Page 1

1.3 Company Products:
Inventeron Technologies and Business Solutions LLP have it company products like-
 Smart Surveillance system
 LED Products
 Water Controlling Units
 Water level controller
 smart ration management system
1.4 Domains:
Inventeron Technologies and Business Solutions LLP have working with several
 Government: Company ties up with various Government and Non Government

organization and we do fulfill all the Software and Hardware demands efficiently.
 Retails: Develop software applications needed for smooth maintenance of the

accounts and transactions in the Retails and Wholesale Industry.
 HR Management: HR department for training and recruiting purpose which take

cares of employee recruitment, training and development, The main aim is to
maximize employee performance and help in achieving company objectives.

CHAPTER 2
2.1 Introduction to Embedded System
Definition - What does Embedded System mean?
An embedded system is a dedicated computer system designed for one or two specific
functions. This system is embedded as a part of a complete device system that includes
hardware, such as electrical and mechanical components. The embedded system is unlike the
general-purpose computer, which is engineered to manage a wide range of processing tasks.
Because an embedded system is engineered to perform certain tasks only, embedded

systems are typically produced on broad scales and share functionalities across a variety of
environments and applications. Commercial embedded systems range from digital watches
and MP3 players to giant routers and switches.
Fig:-2.1 Embedded Systems.

2.2 Features of Embedded Operating Systems
Real-Time Operation
As we know that the real-time embedded systems have a time constrained to execute
the task. This time is called a deadline. The soft-real time system may vary the deadline. But
the hard real-time system must complete the task in a given time frame.
Soft-Real-Time System
The example of the soft-real time system could be our day to day lifer products like
washing machine, microwave oven, printer and fax machine. It missed the time by approx
15sec. This is generally happening in the soft real-time system.
Hard-Real-Time System
There is some application where the systems should act in a given time otherwise
some went wrong or action is not acceptable like in a traffic light controller, the timing of
different signals. The deadline is fixed according to the system application. And to make the
system time critical we pause other less important tasks so the main priority execute on time.
Reactive Operation
A system is called reactive if it acts on certain input by the user in the form of switch
press or by some sensor. For example, a motion sensor security sensor triggers the alarm
when someone comes in the range of the sensor. Here system is reacting based on the sensor
input.
Configurability
As we know that embedded systems are designed as per the application requirement.
And according to the hardware we need to customize the embedded operating system, Where
the developer compiles the only required module from the overall modules. And it is best
suitable if we are using the object-oriented approach.
I/O Device Flexibility
There is no generalized hardware that is suitable or adjustable for all operating system
versions.

Direct Use of Interrupts
The embedded operating system provides the use of interrupts to give them more
control over the peripheral. The general purpose operating system does not provide such kind
of facility to the user directly.
Fast and Lightweight
As the embedded systems have small CPU with limited processing power. It should
be customized perfectly so that it can execute fast. The embedded system developer task is to
understand the existing hardware and remove the unwanted software modules at the time of
compilation. This will give a lightweight operating system results a faster execution speed.
Small Size
The size is every time considered in an embedded system. Because it has very limited
resources like RAM, ROM and CPU power. So keep the embedded operating system small
as possible to fit into given memory space.
Fig:-2.2 Embedded System for Process Central Applications.
2.3 Processors in Embedded Systems:

We may characterize Embedded System based on the processor. The embedded system is
of two types using microprocessor or microcontroller.
 Processor-Based Embedded Systems

 Microcontroller Based Embedded Systems

2.4 Embedded Systems Applications:
Embedded systems have different applications. A few select applications of embedded
systems are smart cards, telecommunications, satellites, missiles, digital consumer
electronics, computer networking, etc.
 Embedded Systems in Automobiles

 Motor Control System
 Cruise Control System
 Car multimedia
 Mobile and E-Com Access
 Embedded systems in Telecommunications

 Mobile computing
 Networking
 Wireless Communications
 Embedded Systems in Smart Cards

 Banking
 Telephone
 Security Systems
 Embedded Systems in Missiles and Satellites

 Defense
 Aerospace
 Communication
 Embedded Systems in Computer Networking & Peripherals

 Networking Systems
 Image Processing
 Printers

2.5 Advantages of Embedded Operating System
 Small size and faster to load

 More specific to one task
 Easy to manage
 Low cost
 Spend less resources
These operating system is dedicated to one device so performance is good and use less
resources like memory and micro-processors
2.5.1 Disadvantages of Embedded Operating System
 Difficult to upgrade
 If any problem occurs then you need to reset settings
 Nearly not scalable
 Hardware is limited
 Troubleshooting is difficult
 Difficult to transfer data from one system to other
2.6 Software Requirements

Software requirements that define requirements of software resources and basics that
needs to be installed on a system. The software requirements are as follows:
Keil vision 4
The Vision from keil combines project management, make facilities, source coding
editing, program debugging and complete simulation in one powerful environment. The
Vision development platform is easy to use and helping one quickly create embedded
program that work. Writing programs in C/C++ or Assembly language.
2.6.1 STEPS:-
Step 1: After opening Keil uV4, go to Project tab and Create new uVision project. Now
select new folder and give name to Project.

Fig:-2.3 Creating new uVision Project.
Step 2: After creating project select device model. Example.NXP-P89V51RD2
Fig:-2.4 Selecting Device Model.
Step 3: So now project is created and Message window will appear to add startup file, click
on Yes so it will be added to project folder.
Fig:-2.5 Startup File.

Step 4: Now go to File and create new file and save it with .C extension.
Fig:-2.6 Creating a New File.
Step 5: Now write a program and save it again.
Step 6: After that on left will see project window.
Fig:-2.7 Project Window.
Right click on target and click on options for target, here we can change our device also.

Fig:-2.8 Options for Target to Change Device.
Click output tab here & check create Hex file if want to generate hex file. Now click on ok so
it will save changes.
Fig:-2.9 Creating Hex file.
Step 7: Now expand target and will see source group, right click on group and click on Add
files to source group. Now add a program, can see program file added under source group.
Fig:-2.10 Adding a Program File to Source Group.

Step 8: Can see status of program in Build output window.
Fig:-2.11 Status of Program.
2.7 Advantages:
 Easily Customizable
 Low power consumption
 Low cost
 Enhanced performance
2.7.1 Disadvantages:
 High development effort
 Larger time to market

CHAPTER 3
PYTHON AND IOT
INTRODUCTION
3.1 PYTHON: - Python is a widely used high-level, general purpose, interpreted,

dynamic programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its
syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible
in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable clear
programs on both a small and large scale. Python supports multiple programming paradigms,
imperative and functional programming or procedural styles. It features a dynamic type
system and automatic memory management and has a large and comprehensive standard
library. So Python-based software can be distributed to, and used on, those environments
with no need to install a Python interpreter. Python, the reference implementation of Python,
is free and open-source software and has a community-based development model, as do
nearly all of its variant implementations. C Python is managed by the non-profit Python
Software Foundation.
3.2 Internet of Things: The Internet of Things (IOT) is a system of interrelated

computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are
provided with identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring
human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.

3.3 Hardware Requirements: Minimum hardware requirement for the system
3.3.1 INTRODUCTION
The RS232 driver on board allows easy connection with PC or other embedded
hardware. The board has User buttons and status LEDs. The bridge rectifier allow this board
to be powered with both AC and DC power supply adapters.
3.3.2 MAIN FEATURES:

 RS232 Tx, Rx interface with MAX232 IC on socket
 DIL40 ZIF Socket ( Zero Insertion Force) microcontroller socket - To Reduce
Microcontroller Damages
 ULN 2803 To Drive Stepper Motor & Relays
 Quartz crystal 11.0592Mhz
 Reset button
 Power plug-in jack
 Extension slot on every uC pin
3.3.3 I/O Features:
 89v51RD2 Flasher through RS232 using Flash magic Software
 On board Regulated Power Supply 5v,12v supply
 Easy to test with Burg Connecters wires
 A Serial Port for ISP
 An RS232 Serial Port
 7Seg Multiplexed Display
 DC Power Supply Connector(12v Ac or Dc)
 RTC DS1307
 8 LED array
 Matrix Key Pad
 4 Interrupt Switches
 Example Programs for LED,7seg,LCD,RS232 ,Matrix Key Pad, ADC
 Easy To flash 89V51RD2 Through Flash Magic Software
Raspberry Pi: The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card-sized single-board computers All
models feature a Broadcom system on a chip (SOC), which includes an ARM compatible
CPU and an on chip graphics processing unit GPU (a Video Core IV). CPU speed ranges
from 700 MHz to 1.2 GHz and on board memory range from 256 MB to 1 GB RAM.
Fig:-3.1 Raspberry Pi 3 Model.
Raspberry Pi model shown in Fig 3.1
The full specs for the Raspberry Pi 3 include:

 CPU: Quad-core 64-bit ARM Cortex A53 clocked at 1.2 GHz
 GPU: 400MHz Video Core IV multimedia
 Memory: 1GB LPDDR2-900 SDRAM (i.e. 900MHz)
 USB ports: 4
 Power source: 5 V via Micro USB or GPIO header
 Size: 85.60mm × 56.5m

CHAPTER 4
PROGRAMS
4.1 Program to Blink an LED

#include<reg51.h> //Including header files of 8051
microcontroller
Sbit led=P0^0; //Declaring port 0.0 as led variable
void delay(unsigned int x) //delay function
{
Int i,j; //Declaring i and j variables
for(i=0;i<=1275;i++) //Delay for 1ms
for(j=0;j<=x;j++);
}
main() //Main Program
{
while(1) //infinity loop
{
led=0;
//led is off
delay(50);
led=1;
//led is on
delay(50);
}
}

OUTPUT:
Fig:-3.2 Output Of Program to Blink an LED.
LCD OPERATION:

Fig:-3.3 Sample LCD Display.
In recent years the LCD is finding widespread use replacing LEDs (seven segment
LEDs or other multi segment LEDs). This is due to the following reasons:
1. The declining prices of LDCs.
2. The ability to display numbers, characters, and graphics. This is in contrast to LEDs,
Which are limited to numbers and a few characters.
3. Ease of programming for characters and graphics.
LCD Pin Descriptions:
Fig:-3.4 Pin Description for LCD.
The LCD discussed in this section has 14 pins. The function of each pin is given in Table
11.1. Figure 11.1 shows the pin positions for various sample LCDs.
VCC, VSS, and VEE:

While VCC and VSS provide +5V and ground, respectively, VEE is used for
controlling LCD contrast.

R/W (read/write):
R/W input allows the user to write information to the LCD or read information from
it. R/W=1 when reading; R/W=0 when writing.
E (enable):
The enable pin is used by the LCD to latch information presented to its data pins.
When data is supplied to data pins, a high-to-low pulse must be applied to the LCD to latch
in the data present at the data pins. This pulse must be a minimum of 450 ns wide.
Table: Pin Descriptions for LCD
Pin Symbol I/O Description

1 VSS -- Ground
2 VCC -- +5V power supply
3 VEE -- Power supply to control contrast
4 RS -- RS=0 to select command register,
RS=1 to select data register
5 R/W I R/W-0 for write, R/W-1 for read
6 E Enable
7 DB0 I/O The 8-bit data bus
Table 3.4.1: Pin Descriptions for LCD.

4.2 Program for 8-bit LCD

#include<reg51.h> //8051 library//
#define lcd P1 //declaration of port1//

sbit RS=P3^5; //declaration of rs variable for port 3.5//
sbit En=P3^4; //declaration of EN var //
void delay(unsigned int x) //delay func//

{
inti,j;
for(i=0;i<1275;i++) //delay generation for 1ms//
for(j=0;j<x;j++);
}
Void lcd_cmd(unsigned char x) //lcd command func//

{
RS=0; //register select in cmd mode//
lcd=x; //sending a single char cmd to lcd bus//
En=1; //enabling to send a character//
delay(50);
En=0; //disabling//
voidlcd_data(unsigned char y) //lcd data func//

{
RS=1; //register select in data mode//
lcd=y; //sending a single char data to lcd bus//
En=1; //enabling to send a data//
delay(50);
En=0; //disabling//
}
voidlcd_init() //lcd initialization func//

{
lcd_cmd(0x38); //2lines and 5x7 matrix//
lcd_cmd(0x06); //shit cursor to right//
lcd_cmd(0x0e); //display on,cursor blinking//
lcd_cmd(0x01); //to clear lcd//

}
Voidlcd_string(unsigned char *s) //lcd string func to split string into a single
char//
{
while(*s) //while loop till null character//
{
lcd_data(*s++); //passing a splitted char to
lcd_datafunc//
}
}
int main() //main func//

{
lcd_init(); //callimglcdintizilationfunc//
lcd_cmd(0x80); //defining a position in 1st row//

lcd_data(' ndrkit'); //passing a char 'a' to display//
delay(25);
lcd_cmd(0xc0); //defining a position in 2nd row//
lcd_data('b'); //passing a char 'b' to diaplay//
delay(25);
lcd_cmd(0x01); //lcd_cmd to clear lcd screen//
lcd_cmd(0x80);
lcd_string("manohar"); //passing a string to display //
delay(25);
lcd_cmd(0x01); //clear screen//
}
OUTPUT:

Fig:- 3.5 Output of Program for 8-bit LCD.
Basic Construction and Working of a DC Motor

An Electric DC motor is a machine which converts electric energy into mechanical
energy. The working of DC motor is based on the principle that when a current-carrying
conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force.
The direction of mechanical force is given by Fleming’s Left-hand Rule and its magnitude is
given by F = BIL Newton.
However, for special applications such as in steel mills, mines and electric trains, it is
advantageous to convert alternating current into direct current in order to use dc motors. The
reason is that speed/torque characteristics of d.c. motors are much more superior to that of
a.c. motors. Therefore, it is not surprising to note that for industrial drives, d.c. motors are as
popular as 3-phase induction motors.
DC Motor Principle
A machine that converts DC power into mechanical power is known as a DC

motor. Its operation is based on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed
in a magnetic field, the conductor experiences a mechanical force. The direction of this force
is given by Fleming’s left hand rule and magnitude is given by; F = BIL Newton
Fig:-3.6 DC Motor Principle.
Working of a DC Motor
Consider a part of a multi polar dc motor as shown in Figure below. When the
terminals of the motor are connected to an external source of dc supply:
1. The field magnets are excited developing alternate N and S poles

2. The armature conductors carry currents.
All conductors under N-pole, carry currents in one direction while all the conductors under
S-pole, carry currents in the opposite direction.

Suppose the conductors under N-pole carry currents into the plane of the paper and those
under S-pole carry currents out of the plane of the paper as shown in Figure. Since each
armature conductor is carrying current and is placed in the magnetic field, mechanical force
acts on it. On applying Fleming’s left hand rule, it is clear that force on each conductor is
tending to rotate the armature in anticlockwise direction.
4.3 Program to Run a DC Motor using IR Sensor.

#include<reg51.h> //Including header files of 8051 microcontroller
sbitir=P0^0; //Declaring port 0.0 as ir variable
sbit m1a=P0^1; //Declaring port 0.1 as m1a variable
sbit m1b=P0^2; //Declaring port 0.2 as m1b variable
void delay(unsigned int x) //delay function
{
inti,j; //Declaring i and j variables
for(i=0;i<1275;i++) //Delay for 1ms
for(j=0;j<x;j++);
}
void main() //Main Programme
{
while(1) //infinite loop
{
if(ir==1)
{
m1a=0; //Motor runs in clockwise
m1b=1;
delay(10);
}
else
{

m1a=1; //Motor runs in Anticlockwise
m1b=0;
delay(10);
}
}
}
OUTPUT:

Fig:-3.7 Output of Program to Run a DC Motor Using IR Sensor.
ATM Swipe Machine

ATM machine An Automated Teller Machine (ATM) allows customers to perform
banking transactions anywhere and at anytime without the need of human teller. By using a
debit or ATM card at an ATM, individuals can withdraw cash from current or savings

accounts, make a deposit or transfer money from one account to another or perform other
functions. You can also get cash advances using a credit card at an ATM. Individuals should
be aware that many banks charge transaction fees – generally ranging from Rs 50-150 per
transaction - for using another bank’s ATM.
ATMs will retain the card as a security precaution to prevent an unauthorized user
from working out the PIN by pure guesswork. Once the correct PIN is given, the ATM will
ask for the amount of money to be withdrawn. If the amount is available and if the client has
enough money on his credit then the said amount of money will be paid. Whether the amount
of money is payable or i.e. the ATM has enough cash but could be the case the ATM has no
change for that amount, will be also checked. Once the money is offered to the client a
countdown is started, i.e. the client has a determined amount of time to pick up the money. If
this timeout is over, the money will be collected by the ATM and the transaction will be
rolled back.
ATMs are generally reliable, but if they do go wrong customers will be left without
cash until the following morning or whenever they can get to the bank during opening hours.
There are also many "phantom withdrawals" from ATMs, which banks often claim
are the result of fraud by customers. Phantom withdrawals are considered to be a problem
generated by dishonest insiders by most other observers.
4.4 Program for Working of Swipe Machine Using RFID.
#include<reg51.h>
#include<string.h>
#define lcd P1
sbit RS=P3^5;
sbit En=P3^4;
voidlcd_data(unsigned char x); //Function re-declaration
void delay(unsigned int x)

{
inti,j;
for(i=0;i<1275;i++)
for(j=0;j<x;j++);
}
//serial communication program//

voidserial_init() //serial initialization func//
{
TMOD=0x20; //timer1 mode2 //
SCON=0x50; //8 bit,1stop,ren enabled//
TH1=-3; // to set 9600 baudrate//
TR1=1; //start timer 1//
}
voidserial_tx(unsigned char x) //serial transmitter func//

{
SBUF=x; //saving incoming Byte in serial buffer//
while(!TI); //while loop to ensure given Byte is
transmited or not//
TI=0; //ready to transmit next Byte//
}
unsigned char serial_rx() //serial recevingfunc//

{
unsigned char temp;
while(!RI); //to check whether Byte is received in buffer//
temp=SBUF; //if received a Byte in buffer, data will be copied to temp
var //
RI=0; //ready to receive next byte//
return temp; //returns a received Byte to a called func//
}
charserial_string(unsigned char *s) //serial string func for transmission//

//lcd string func to split string into a
single char//
{
while(*s) //while loop till null character//
{
serial_tx(*s++); //incrementing a pointer data//
}

}
//LCD program//
voidlcd_cmd(unsigned char x)
{
RS=0;
lcd=x;
En=1;
delay(10);
En=0;
}
voidlcd_data(unsigned char y)
{
RS=1;
lcd=y;
En=1;
delay(5);
En=0;
}
voidlcd_init()
{
lcd_cmd(0x38);
lcd_cmd(0x06);
lcd_cmd(0x0e);
lcd_cmd(0x01);
}
voidlcd_string(unsigned char *s)

{
while(*s)
{
lcd_data(*s++);
}
}
void main() //main func//

{
intv,i;
charstr[10];
serial_init(); //serial communication initialization//

lcd_init(); //lcd initialization//
lcd_cmd(0x01);
lcd_cmd(0x80);

lcd_string("security system"); //displaying security system in lcd//
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
lcd_string("swipe card");
for(i=0;i<8;i++) //for loop for receiving 8 char data via serial comm//
{
str[i]=serial_rx(); //calling serial_rx fun for 8 times and stores in strvar//
}
str[i]='\0';
lcd_cmd(0x01);
lcd_cmd(0x80);
lcd_string(str); //displaying received rfid num//
v= strcmp("05865183",str); //comparing rfid num with predefined num//
if(v==0)
{
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
lcd_string("valid"); //valid if matched//
delay(50);
}
else
{
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
lcd_string("not valid"); //not valid if unmatched//
delay(50);
}
}
OUTPUT:

Fig:-3.8 Output of Program for Working of Swipe Machine Using RFID.

CHAPTER 5
HTML
5.1 HTML Introduction
What is HTML?
HTML is the standard mark up language for creating Web pages.
 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

 HTML describes the structure of Web pages using markup
 HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages
 HTML tags label pieces of content such as "heading", "paragraph", "table", and so on
Write HTML Using Notepad++
Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors.
However, for learning HTML we recommend a simple text editor like Notepad ++(PC) or
Text Edit (Mac).
We believe using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML.
Follow the four steps below to create your first web page with Notepad++ or Text
Edit.
Step 1: Open Notepad (PC)
Windows 8 or later:
Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the bottom left on your screen).
Type Notepad++.
Windows 7 or earlier:

Step 2: Write Some HTML
Write or copy some HTML into Notepad++.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Example Explained
 The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines this document to be HTML5

 The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
 The <head> element contains meta information about the document
 The <title> element specifies a title for the document
 The <body> element contains the visible page content
 The <h1> element defines a large heading
 The <p> element defines a paragraph

5.2 HTML Page Structure

Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:
html>
<head>
<title>Page title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Note: Only the content inside the <body> section (the white area above) is displayed in a
browser.
The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display
web pages correctly.
It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:
<!DOCTYPE html>

Step 3: Save the HTML Page
Save the file on your computer. Select File > Save as in the Notepad menu.
Name the file "index.htm" and set the encoding to UTF-8 (which is the preferred encoding
for HTML files).
You can use either .htm or .html as file extension. There is no difference, it is up to you.
Step 4: View the HTML Page in Your Browser
Open the saved HTML file in your favorite browser (double click on the file, or right-click -
and choose "Open with").
The result will look much like this:

HTML Documents
All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.
The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.
The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading:
Example
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:
Example
<a href="https://www.google.com">This is a link</a>
The link's destination is specified in the href attribute.
Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.
HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes:
Example
<img src="flower.jpg" alt="google.com" width="104" height="142">
HTML Buttons
HTML buttons are defined with the <button> tag:
Example
<button>Click me</button>
HTML Lists
HTML lists are defined with the <ul> (unordered/bullet list) or the <ol> (ordered/numbered
list) tag, followed by <li> tags (list items):

Example
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
5.3 Simple HTML Program for Result Table
Output of this Program

CONCLUSION
This internship has been an excellent and rewarding experience. I have been able to
meet and network with so many people that I am sure will be able to help me with
opportunities in the future. I learnt verbal communication, non-verbal communication,
problem solving, time management skills, observation, self-motivation and time
management. I learnt to motivate myself by getting encouragement from senior staff in the
office.
When I first started I did not think that I was going to be able to make myself sit in an
office for eight hours a day, five days a week. Once I realized what I had to do I organized
my day and work so that I was not overlapping or wasting my hours. During task given by
company, I interacted with my interns and senior engineers to determine the problems. As
well internship indirectly helps to improve my communication skills, and strengthening as
well when communicating with others. During my internship period, I have received advice
from senior engineers and technician when mistakes were made, I took their advices in
positive way to improve my carrier.
Company provided me good experience and exposure on understanding the whole life cycle
of software development, and it will be useful for me to build my carrier.

REFERENCES
[1] Ashok K Talukdar, Roopa R Yavagal, TMH, 2006 Mobile computing, technology,
application and service creation.
[2] Atmel 8 bit microcontroller with 8k bytes in system programmable Flash [pdf],
http:// www.atmel.com
[3] GSM World: http://www.gsmworld.com
[4] www.8052.com
[5] Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillespie Mazidi Pearson Education the 8051
Microcontroller and Embedded System, Pearson Education, 2003
[6] Overview of Global System for Mobile Communication, http;//www.wikipedia.com.
[7] Theodore S Rapp port Wireless Communication, Principles and Practice.
[8]www.MicroDigitalED.com
[9]Kenneth J Ayala the 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, programming& Applications, Pen

ram international, 1996

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Embedded Design and Development

1.2 Company Strategy

Vision: To provide quality services that exceeds the expectations of our

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 Government: Company ties up with various Government and Non Government

 Retails: Develop software applications needed for smooth maintenance of the

 HR Management: HR department for training and recruiting purpose which take

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2.1 Introduction to Embedded System

Definition - What does Embedded System mean?

Because an embedded system is engineered to perform certain tasks only, embedded

Fig:-2.1 Embedded Systems.

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I/O Device Flexibility

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Fast and Lightweight

Fig:-2.2 Embedded System for Process Central Applications.

2.3 Processors in Embedded Systems:

 Processor-Based Embedded Systems

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 Embedded Systems in Automobiles

 Embedded systems in Telecommunications

 Embedded Systems in Smart Cards

 Embedded Systems in Missiles and Satellites

 Embedded Systems in Computer Networking & Peripherals

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 Small size and faster to load

2.5.1 Disadvantages of Embedded Operating System

2.6 Software Requirements

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Fig:-2.3 Creating new uVision Project.

Step 2: After creating project select device model. Example.NXP-P89V51RD2

Fig:-2.4 Selecting Device Model.

Fig:-2.5 Startup File.

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Fig:-2.6 Creating a New File.

Step 5: Now write a program and save it again.

Step 6: After that on left will see project window.

Fig:-2.7 Project Window.

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Fig:-2.8 Options for Target to Change Device.

Fig:-2.9 Creating Hex file.

Fig:-2.10 Adding a Program File to Source Group.

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Fig:-2.11 Status of Program.

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3.1 PYTHON: - Python is a widely used high-level, general purpose, interpreted,

3.2 Internet of Things: The Internet of Things (IOT) is a system of interrelated

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3.3.2 MAIN FEATURES:

Fig:-3.1 Raspberry Pi 3 Model.

Raspberry Pi model shown in Fig 3.1

The full specs for the Raspberry Pi 3 include:

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4.1 Program to Blink an LED

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Fig:-3.2 Output Of Program to Blink an LED.

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Fig:-3.3 Sample LCD Display.

LCD Pin Descriptions:

Fig:-3.4 Pin Description for LCD.

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