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AND G/T RATIO
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• Thermal noise in its pre amplifier
Thermal noise in its pre amplifier
• PN=KTsB
• SYSTEM NOISE TEMPERATURE IS ALSO CALLED
EFFECTIVE INPUT NOISE TEMPERATURE OF THE
RECEIVER.
RECEIVER
• IT IS DEFINED AS THE NOISE TEMPERATURE OF A
NOISE SOURCE LOCATED AT THE INPUT OF A
NOISE SOURCE LOCATED AT THE INPUT OF A
NOISELESS RECEIVER WHICH WILL PRODUCE THE
SAME CONTRIBUTION TO THE RECIEVER OUT PUT
SAME CONTRIBUTION TO THE RECIEVER OUT PUT
NOISE AS THE INTERNAL NOISE OF THE ACTUAL
SYSTEM ITSELF
SYSTEM NOISE TEMPERATURE ,C/N
AND G/T RATIO
/
• Ts is located at the input to the receiver.
is located at the input to the receiver
• RF amplifier
• IF amplifier
lifi
• Demodulator
• Over all gain at the receiver G
• Narrowest bandwidth is B
Narrowest bandwidth is B
• Noise power at the demodulator input is
Pn = KTS BG
Noise temp contt‐‐‐
Pr is the signal power at the input of the RF
section of the receiver
section of the receiver
signal power at the demodulator input will be
PrG
PrG
C PrG Pr
= =
N KTS BG KTs B
Pn = GIf KTIf B + GIf Gm KTm B + GIf GmGRF KB(TRF + Tin )
⎡ KTIff B KTm B ⎤
Pn = GIf GM GRf ⎢ + + KB(TRF + Tin )⎥
⎢⎣ GIf Gm GRf ⎥⎦
⎡ Tiff Tm ⎤
Pn = G If GM G Rf KB ⎢TRf + Tin + + ⎥
⎢⎣ Gm G Rf G RF ⎥⎦
Pn = G If GM G Rf KBTs
from above equation
⎡ Tif Tm ⎤
KTs B = KB ⎢TRf + Tin + + ⎥
⎢⎣ Gm G Rf G RF ⎥⎦
⎡ Tif Tm ⎤
Ts = ⎢TRf + Tin + + ⎥
⎢⎣ Gm G Rf G RF ⎥⎦
Noise temp cont‐‐‐
Noise temp cont
• G/T ratio is 40 7 db k‐1 at 4 GHz and 5
G/T ratio is 40.7 db k at 4 GHz and 50
elevation
• Gr varies with frequency f^2
Gr varies with frequency f^2
• Ts depends upon the sky noise temperature
Noise temp cont‐‐‐
Noise temp cont
⎛ λ ⎞
2
PT GT GR ⎜ ⎟
C ⎝ 4πd ⎠
=
N KTS BLA
N
N0 =
B
⎛C⎞ EIRP
⎛ 4πd ⎞ GR
⎜ ⎟ = 10log PT GT − 20Log⎜ ⎟ + 10log −10LogLA
⎝ N ⎠dBHz ⎝ λ ⎠ TS
−10LogK
Gr/Ts ‐‐ ratio is called figure of merit
Atmospheric and ionospheric
effect on link design
ff l kd
• Absorption
• refraction
• Diffusion(diffraction)
iff i (diff i )
• Rotation of polarization of plane
depend on path length more pronounced at
g
small elevation angles
Absorption and diffusion‐‐‐ lower layers
‐‐‐‐ increase in noise power at receiving antenna
increase in noise power at receiving antenna
Atmospheric and ionospheric
effect on link design –cont‐
ff l kd
• Upper
Upper layer of atmosphere cause refraction
layer of atmosphere cause refraction
and depolarization
• De polarization is produced when radio waves
De polarization is produced when radio waves
traverse through the ionosphere layer.
• Below 10 GHz atmospheric attenuation is of
B l 10 GH h i i i f
no importance
• atmosphere has a small effect on the link
quality at frequency between 2GHz and 10
GHz for higher elevation angles
Atmospheric and ionospheric
effect on link design –
ff l kd contt‐‐‐
• Rain
Rain attenuation
attenuation
• Frequency, rainfall rate, diameter and
distribution of rain drops
distribution of rain drops
A rain = γ r L e
• γr specific rain attenuation
• Le effective path length
Few decibels at very heavy rainfall
Assignment 5
Assignment 5
• Explain
Explain various atmospheric parameters that
various atmospheric parameters that
affect satelite communication.