COMBUSTION ENGINEERING L2

IDEAL GAS MIXTURES

Gas Mixtures - different gases mix with each other to form a homogenous mixture.

MOLE, MOLAR MASS, MOLECULAR MASS and MOLECULAR WEIGHT

Atomic Mass Unit – equal to the 1/12 of the mass of Carbon-12. Approximate equal to 1.66 x 10-23 g. (or 1 g
≈ 6.022 x 1023 amu)

Mole – a mole is equal to 6.022×1023 (Avogadro’s Number) molecular entities.

Molar Mass – mass of a mole of substance (g/mol, kg/kgmol, lb/lbmol etc.)

Molecular Mass – mass of the molecules (amu).

Calculation is normally based on the
number of proton and neutron.

Molecular Weight – mass of the molecules (amu).

Calculation is based on the weighted
average of the masses.

RELATIONSHIP OF MASS, MOLE and MOLAR MASS

m = nM where: m – mass
n – number of mole
M – molar mass

RELATIONSHIP OF MASS FRACTION(c) TO MOLE FRACTION(y)

Sample Problem:
1) A mole-basis analysis of a gaseous mixture yields the following results:
CO2 = 12.0%
O2 = 4.0%
N2 = 82.0
CO = 2.0
Determine the analysis on a mass basis and the molecular mass for the mixture. Answer: Mtot = 30.08, cN2 = 76.33%
COMBUSTION ENGINEERING L2

DALTON MODEL

For the Dalton model of gas mixtures, the properties of each component of the mixture are considered as though
each component exists separately and independently at the temperature and volume of the mixture, as shown
the figure below:

Dalton’s Partial Pressure: Pmixture = PA + PB + PC + PD + …PN

In determining the internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy of a mixture of ideal gases, the Dalton model proves
useful because the assumption is made that each constituent behaves as though it occupies the entire volume
by itself. Thus, the internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy can be evaluated as the sum of the respective
properties of the constituent gases at the condition at which the component exists in the mixture.

Umixture = m(cAuA + cBuB + …cNuN )

Hmixture = m(cAhA + cBhB + …cNhN)
Smixture = m(cAsA + cBsB + …cNsN)

Same, also applies to gas constant of the mixture: Rmixture = m(cARA + cBRB + …cNRN)

Sample Problem:

2) In sample problem #1, determine the gas constant of the mixture. Answer: 0.2764 kJ/kg.K

3) A gaseous fuel contains 42 moles of CH4, 1 mole of CO2, 2 moles of O2, 3 moles of CO, 9 moles of N2 and 5
moles of H2 at 42°F and 230 psia. For the gaseous fuel, determine
(a) the equivalent molar mass. Answer: 18.16 lb/lbmol
(b) the mass fraction and mole fraction (present your final answer using a table)
(c) the specific gas constant. Answer: 85.09 ft-lb/lbmol-R
(d) the total volume occupied by the mixture. 1452.19 ft3