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TheyTalsoTusedTtheTGSM/GPSTsystemTforTlocatingTt agentsTcollectTdataTfromTtheTsensorTnodesTandTreturnTth
heTexactTlocationTofTtheTfire.TInTourTproposedTsystem,T emTtoTtheTsink.TTheyTdidTnotTimplementTtheTsystem.
weTareTusingTmoreTsensorsTthanTtheTaforementionedTsyst
emTandTweTprocessTthemTcentrallyTusingTRaspberryTPiT III. SYSTEMTDESCRIPTION
computerTwhichTcanThandleTaTlotTofTArduinoTalongTwit A. System Architecture
hTsensorsTveryTsmoothlyTandTefficiently.
TheTpropoundedTautonomousTsystemTusesTRaspberryT
FuziTet.Tal.T[7]TdesignedTaTfireTalertTdetectionTsyste PiT3TasTmainTdevice,TArduinoTMegaTasTsecondaryTdevic
mTwithTZigBeeTwirelessTmodule.TTheTsystemTconsistsTo eTandTconsistsTofcoupleTofTsensorsTandTmoduleTwhichTa
fTArduinoTUnoTMicrocontroller,TtemperatureTsensor,Tbuzz reTtheTLightTintensityTsensor,TGasTsensor,TESP-
erTalarmTandToperatingTsoftware.TTheTsystemTusedTonly 01TWLANTSensorTModule,TServoTmotor,TCameraTmodul
TtemperatureTsensorTforTdetectingTfireTandTtheTreceiverT e,TGSMTmoduleTandTRelayTmodule.TheTlightTintensityTs
couldTreceiveTsignalTfromTaTdistanceTofT10Tmeter.TOurT ensorThasTaTphoto-
proposedTsystemTusesTbuilt-inTWi- resistorT\thatTcanTdetectTtheTintensityTofTlightTinTtheTpar
FiTmoduleTonTArduinoTmicrocontrollerTandTraspberryTpi ticularTplaceTorTenvironment.TTheToutputTsignalTofTthisT
Tcomputer.TKwonTet.Tal.T[8]TdesignedTandTimplemented sensorTisTanalogTvalue.TTheTvalueTofTtheTsensorTdepend
TaTsystemTtoTdetectTfireToutbreakTusingTcameraTimageT sTonTtheTbrightnessTofTlight.TGasTsensorTcanTdetectTthe
processing.TAlthoughTthisTisTaTnovelTapproach,TitTisTnot TexistenceTofTgasTinTaTparticularTarea.TTheTCameraTmo
TasTefficientTandTaccurateTinTdetectingTfireTasTsensorTba duleTtakesTtheTshotTofTtheTlimitedTplaceTandTtheTservoT
sedTsystem.TT.TIslamTet.Tal.T[9]TdevelopedTaTfireTdetecti motorTrotatesTtheTcameraTmodule.TTheTESP-
onTsystemTusingTtheTZigBeeTwirelessTsystem.TTheTautho 01TWLANTsensorTmoduleThelpsTtoTsendTdataTtoTtheTRa
rsTusedTlocalizationTtechniqueTforTfindingTtheTpositionTa spberryTPiT3TbyTwirelessTcommunicationTsystem.TheTRel
ndTdistanceTofTfire.TTheTsystemThasTaThighTrelativeTcos ayTmoduleTisTusedTtoTactivateTtheTalarmTandTtheTGSM
tTandTtheTauthorsTusedTthreeTsensorsTtoTlocalizeTaTfire. TmoduleThelpsTtoTnotifyTtheTmasterTuserTorTtheTadmin.
TATprototypeTforTdetectingTforestTfireTusingTaTwirelessT TIfTtheTlightTintensityTandTgasTsensorThaveTdesireTvalue
sensorTnetworkTwasTpresentedTinT[10].TTheyTusedTmobil ,TthenTtheTcameraTmoduleTtakesTsnapTofTtheTlocationTa
eTagentTasTsoftwareTapartTfromTsensorTnodes.TTheTsoft ndTsendsTitTtoTtheTArduino.
wareTmobile
Fig.T2.TSystemToverviewTconsideringTaTthree-storiedTbuilding.
Fig.T3.TLogicTdiagramTofTcontrollingTofTRaspberryTPi.
Fig.T8.TSensorTreading,TtakingTandTsendingTsnap,TauthenticationTandTfi
reTstatusTdisplayingTinTLED.
Fig.T5.TPluggingTtheTArduCamTMT9D111
StepT6T(SettingTupTtheTESP-01TWi-FiTmodule):TESP-
01TmoduleThasTtotalT8Tpins,TwhereT1stToneTisTtheTtrans
ferTpinTandTtheTlastToneTisTreceiverTpin.TTheTtransferT
pinTneedTtoTbeTconnectedTwithToneTofTtheTreceiverTpin
TofTtheTArduinoTandTtheTreceiverTpinTneedTtoTbeTconn
TABLETI.TCOMPARISONTWITHTOTHERTRELATEDTWORKS
T
DWAFAS TheTsystemTdidn’tTexplain TheTpropoundTsystemTuses
[11] anyTapproachTtoTdetect smokeTsensorTaloneTwithTlight
fires. ambientTsensorTtoTdetectTfire.
NoTauthenticationTsystem ThereTisTanTauthentication
toTdetectTfalseTalarm. systemTtoTcheckTifTtheTsituati
on
isTalarming.
FRASHB The paper only proposed This system is applicable for
[12] Some scenarios and actions Almost all the scenarios and as it
According to those. Has an authentication system,
There are less possibilities of
System errors.
FAHB Costly and time consuming Cost effective and efficient as it
[13] As multiple sensor nodes Is an upgraded of MSBN which
Decide the possibilities of Uses sensor nodes but with less
Fire occurrence. Sensor decision.
Fig.T9TshowsTtheTtriggeringTpointTofTservoTdependin
gTonTsmokeTandTlightTambientTdata.TAfterTproperTanaly
sis,TweTfoundTthatTtheTsmokeTSensorTgivesTaTvalueT0~3
0ppmTinTnormalTstateTandTraiseTfromT500ppmTuptoT200
00ppmTonTalarmingTsituation.TTheTlightTambientTalsoTgi
vesTvalueTwithinT60~80TonTnormalTstateTandTraiseTtoT2
00~350TreactingTonTflamingTlight.TAccordingTtoTexperim
entTresult,TweTfoundTtheTthresholdTonT500ppmTonTsmok
eTsensorTandT200TforTlightTambientTsensor.
3000TSmokeTSensor
T
TLightTAmbientTSensor
T
2000
1000
TOffTOffTOffTOffTOnTOnTOffTOffTOffTOn
Fig.T9.TTriggeringTservoTmotorTafterTsensingTtheTstateTofTsmokeT
sensorTandTlightTambientTsensor.
CONCLUSION
InTthisTpaper,TweTdiscussedTtheTlatestTtechnologyTth
atTcanThelpTtoTreduceTcatastrophicTaccidentsTcausedTby
Tfire.TWeTdesignedTtheTwholeTsystemTandTevaluatedTits
TeffectivenessTasTwellTasTscalability.TWithTtheTimprove
mentTofTsensorTtechnology,TtheTsystemTwillTbecomeTmo
reTefficientTandTuseful.TIfTthisTsystemTcanTbeTsuccessfu
llyTintegratedTinTeveryTfactories,TthenTitTisThopedTthatT
theTlossTofTlifeTandTpropertyTdueTtoTtheTfireTaccidents
TwillTreduceTremarkablyTandTtheTcountry’sTeconomyTwi
llTnotTbeTstumbledTbyTsuchTtragicTaccidents.
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[3] Sowah,TRobert,TetTal.,T“DesignTandTimplementationTofTaTfireTdet
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