MUSIC EFFECTS ON BRAIN

RUBAB SHAHID

9
The Effect of Music on the Human Body and Mind

Submitted to
Rameeza Andleeb

Lecturer

University Of Gujrat

Submitted by
Rubab Shahid

16201519-071

University Of Gujrat

15 April 14, 2019

10
 Letter of Authorization

I Rameeza Andleeb hereby authorize Rubab Shahid ,

to make a report on the topic “music effects on brain “.

She is allowed to make research on this topic as for the

Final year report to fulfill the degree requirements. All the

guidelines are provided regarding writing the reports.The

student will write the report based on authentic information

and is bound to submit the report on due date.

Name: Rameeza Andleeb

Sign: Rameeza Andleeb

Date: 6 April 2019

11
 Letter of Acceptance

This final report is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

graduation from the Honors Program at University Of Gujrat.

Name: Rubab Shahid

Sign: Rubab Shahid

Date: 15 April 2019

12
 Letter of Transmittal

As requirements on the subject “Business Report Writing”, the proponents

would like to present the proposal entitled “Music Effects on Brain”, in
accordance with your instruction.

The purpose of the paper is to propose a report that briefly explain all the
effects of music on the brain to help the individuals to make awareness. We
just hope that his proposal will meet your approval.

Name: Rubab Shahid

Sign: Rubab shahid

Date: 15 April 2019

13
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Chapter 1
1.1. Cover Page…………………………………………………………………. I
1.2. Title Page…………………………………………………………………... II
1.3. Letter of Authorization……………………………………………….......... III
1.4. Letter of Acceptance…………………………………………………….…. IV
1.5. Letter of Transmittal……….………………………………………………. V
1.6. Table of Content.…………………………………………………………... VI
1.7. List of Illustrations………………………………………………………… VII
1.8. Executive Summary……………………………………………………….. VIII
2. Introduction…………………………………………………………………….. 9
2.1. Support Statements………………………………………………………… 9
2.2. General Information……………………………………………………….. 10
2.3. Specific Information………………………………………………………. 11
3. Problem Statement……………………………………………………………... 12
4. Statement of Purpose…………………………………………………………… 13
5. Sources of Data…………………………………………………………………. 13
5.1. Primary Sources of Data…………………………………………………… 13
5.1.1. Observation…………………………………………………………. 14
5.1.2. Questionnaire……………………………………………………….. 14
5.2. Secondary Sources of Data………………………………………………… 14
5.2.1. Social Media………………………………………………………… 14
6. Analyze the Data ……………………………………………………..……….… 14
7. Results…………………………………………………………………………… 21
8. Discussion ………………………………………………………...…………...... 21

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9. Recommendation……………………………………………………………..…..21
10. Appendices…………………………………………………………………….…24
11. Bibliography…………………………………………………………..……….…25
12. Index……………………………………………………………………………...25
13. Glossary…………………………………………………………………………..20

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 List Of illustrations

1. Figures
1.1. Figure 1……………………………………………….…….…………………. 15
1.2. Figure 2……………………………………………….……….………………. 16
1.3. Figure 3……………………………………………….………….……………. 17
1.4. Figure 4……………………………………………….…………….…………. 18
1.5. Figure 5…………………….…………………………….……………………. 19
1.6. Figure 6……………………….………………………….……………………. 20
2. Tables
2.1. Table 1…………………………….…………………….………………….…. 15
2.2. Table 2……………………………….………………….………………….…. 16
2.3. Table 3………………………………….……………….………………….…. 17
2.4. Table 4…………………………………….…………….………………….…. 18
2.5. Table 5……………………………………….………….………………….…. 19
2.6. Table 6………………………………………….……….………………….…. 20
3. Questionnaire………………………………………………………………………. 23

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 Executive Summary

Music is of great importance in the lives of most people all over the world.
In the Western hemisphere, people deliberately listen to about 18 hours of
music per week and don’t even know the effects of music on their brains.

Data for this report is collected through using the primary resources as well
as secondary resources. Data is Analyzed using the past researches and also
collected primarily through Self-made questionnaires.

Most people was agree to our findings in this report as they thought that is
the good awareness and should be known to all and some of them was
disagree as they don’t addicted to listen music and don’t bother to know their
effects on the brain or they might have no time to study the report.

Without a doubt music plays an important role in daily life. On the one hand
, it can describe the deep feelings that word’s can’t. Music connects people ,
no matter what the language. On the other hand it can lift people’s spirits and
helps them feel better.

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 Introduction

According to Oxford dictionary, music means the instrumental or vocal sounds or both
combined in such a way to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression.

Music is an art, entertainment, pleasure, meditation and a medicine for the soul and the
body. All the cultures and the people have universal responses to it. But too loud or too
jarring a music distracts and is not beneficial as it competes for attention.

The noise and disharmony cause diseases. The healing effects of music on human beings
is being explored. The effect of sound on proteins provides new insight into the health of
plants and human beings. The increased yield and the improved vitality of the plant
ingredients by music are very beneficial human consumption.

Music stimulates the regeneration of brain cells. Certain music improves the mood,
intelligence, motivation and concentration. It also improves the quality of life and aids in
physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs. It helps in the treatment of autism,
dementia, Alzheimer’s, chronic pain, emotional trauma, mental disorders, and depression.
Music decreases anxiety, anger, stress, and frustration.

Music is not just a harmless background noise created by musical instruments. The
modern scientific research confirms the opinion of ancient philosophers that music and
sound have both harmful and beneficial effects on people, plants, and animals.

Music has a vast influence over the nations and peoples on this planet. It has been used in
every culture, and is often connected with anxiolytic and analgesic properties. Today it is
used in many hospitals to help patients relax and help relieve or ease pain, confusion and
anxiety. Music is also commonly used in counseling. Music therapy techniques may
include guided listening or improvisational playing and are used within the context of
many theories, and for many types of mental disorders, from depression to schizophrenia.
Many of the healing qualities of music in counseling are connected to its use as a
nonverbal medium for communication. Music is read differently in the brain than
nonmusical tones and is connected to many different areas of the brain. Learning music
relegates a larger part of the brain to recognizing and interpreting music. Listening to
music has also been found to have an effect on learning. A survey studying the difference
in GP A between students who listen to music while studying and those who do not finds

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no overall significant difference, but does find that students who listen to hip hop and rap
while studying score significantly lower while students who listen to easy listening and
classical are likely to have higher GPAs.

Music has therapeutic properties. The patients who listened to music during and after
open heart surgery recovered soon.

The researchers at Tokyo University in Japan performed heart surgery on a group of male
mice to study the effects of different types of music on their recovery. The mice were
exposed to Verdi’s music, Mozart sonatas and the songs of an Irish singer En-ya. In first
two cases, the mice lived twenty days longer than those without music or with single
frequency tone or of the third group. The immune system of control group rejected the
foreign tissues.

“I think music in itself is healing. It’s an explosive expression of humanity. It’s something
we are all touched by. No matter what culture we’re from, everyone loves music.” —
Billy Joel

A 2014 study found that music was helpful for patients with fibromyalgia. The study
showed that listening to relaxing music of the patient’s choice “reduced pain and
increased functional mobility significantly.” Researchers believe that music eases pain
because listening to it triggers opioids—the body’s natural pain relievers. In a 2013 study,
people given the opioid blocking drug Naltrexone experienced less pleasure while

listening to their favorite song, suggesting music activates the release of pain-relieving
opioids.

Depending on the type of music you listen to, relaxing music can alleviate stress by
lowering cortisol levels, which is the hormone released in response to stress.

A 2013 study demonstrates a link between music and decreased stress in pediatric
emergency room patients. “In the trial with 42 children ages 3 to 11, University of
Alberta researchers found that patients who listened to relaxing music while getting an IV
inserted reported significantly less pain, and some demonstrated significantly less
distress, compared with patients who did not listen to music,” according to the American
Psychological Association.

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Studies linking music to memory recall have increased since the early 20th century, when
the research first emerged. Listening to certain music can take your mind back decades in
an instant. In a previous blog post we published, titled “Studies Prove Music Boosts Brain
Activity in Alzheimer’s Patients,” we cited the documentary Alive Inside, which
chronicled how music awakened patients suffering from memory loss. Neurologist Oliver
Sacks said, “Music evokes emotion, and emotion can bring with it memory. … It brings
back the feeling of life when nothing else can.”

A 2014 study was conducted on 89 patients with dementia, where the patient and
caregivers were randomly assigned either a 10-week music listening coaching group, a
10-week singing coaching group, or regular care. The results showed that “compared with
usual care, both singing and music listening improved mood, orientation, and remote
episodic memory and to a lesser extent, also attention and executive function and general
cognition. Singing also enhanced short-term and working memory and caregiver well-
being, whereas music listening had a positive effect on quality of life.”

It has been reported that the brains of patients with epilepsy respond differently to music
than people who do not have epilepsy. “Persons with epilepsy synchronize before a
seizure. However, in our study, patients with epilepsy synchronized to the music without
having a seizure,” said Christine Charyton, of The Ohio State University Wexner Medical
Center. Charyton explained that stress causes seizures to occur and added, “By listening
to the music, many patients reported that they felt relaxed.”

Stroke patients who listened to music in the early stages after a stroke showed an
improvement in recovery according to a 2008 study. Author of the study, Teppo Särkämö,
suggested that patients start listening to music soon after the stroke, as many changes
occur during the first weeks and months of recovery. “We found that three months after
the stroke, verbal memory improved from the first week post-stroke by 60 percent in
music listeners,” said Särkämö.

One of the ways music affects mood is by stimulating the formation of certain brain
chemicals.

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Listening to music increases the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine is the brain’s
“motivation molecule” and an integral part of the pleasure-reward system. It’s the same
brain chemical responsible for the feel-good states obtained from eating chocolate,
orgasm, and runner’s high. Interestingly, you can further increase dopamine by listening
to a playlist that’s being shuffled.

When one of your favorite songs unexpectedly comes up, it triggers a small dopamine
boost. Playing music with others or enjoying live music stimulates the brain hormone
oxytocin. Oxytocin has been called the “trust molecule” and the “moral molecule” since it
helps us bond with and trust others. There’s evidence that the oxytocin bump
experienced by music lovers can make them more generous and trustworthy.

Music is a form of art which has accompanied humankind since the origins of our species.
Starting from the early primitive instruments used by our cave-dwelling ancestors, and
ending up with modern synthesizers and computer programs that create new musical
sounds, human beings have constantly tried to surround themselves with music. It
gradually became more complex, as well as the instruments on which it was performed.
Research has shown that music can positively impact plants and animals, and scientists
discovered that it can also provide beneficial effects to human health; today, music
therapy is a popular and effective way of treating psychological disorders. So, what are
the positive effects of music on the human brain and human health?

Music can decrease the risks of heart attack and stroke. Music has been found to lower
blood pressure; changes in the “autonomic” nervous system, such as breathing and heart
rate can also be altered by music (Tryon Daily Bulletin). This helps to create a so-called
“relaxation response,” which counteracts the damaging effects of chronic stress. Music
contributes to the release of endorphins, which are protein molecules produced by the
nervous system that works with sedative receptors in the brain. They improve mood,
boost the immune system, reduce eating disorder symptoms, and help fight cancer. In this
respect, music has powerful positive effects on the functioning of the human body.

Music also affects the way our brain functions. It is reported that easy-listening and
classical music improves the duration and intensity of concentration in all age groups and
ability levels (eMed Expert). At the same time, another research study has shown that

21
music with a strong beat stimulates brain waves to resonate with them. In other words, the
faster the beat is, the sharper concentration becomes, and thinking becomes more alert
(Tryon Daily Bulletin). Listening to music also helps people recall information; certain
types of music can serve as strong “keys,” supposedly forming a strong connection
between emotions they evoke and the information, which can be recalled much easier
during playing back the song which was being played during the process of learning.

Music also performs several social functions, which are usually omitted when talking
about its effects. Music today is an extremely popular and available form of
entertainment; people of all ages attend concerts of their favorite bands and singers, and
share the same positive emotions there. However, they can share the same emotions in
everyday life; simply talking about music, even if the interlocutors have just met and have
different preferences, can help them establish communication faster and easier. Youth are
often grouped in fan-clubs and subcultures, which also helps young people to socialize.

Music is one of the most ancient forms of art, and one of the most beneficial for human
beings as well. Music deals powerful, positive effects on the human body, reducing risks
of heart diseases, cancers, enhancing the immune system, and reducing chronic stress. It
also helps our brain function better by increasing its cognitive abilities, attention,
memory, and concentration. In addition, music is a factor of socialization and facilitates
establishing communication with unfamiliar people and socialization.

Statement of problem

1) What is music?
2) What are some music generes?
3) Does music effects human body?
4) Does music effects brain?
5) Music influence in headache and migraine?
6) Does music effects Cognition, Intelligence, Learning, and IQ?
7) Does Music help in Concentration and Attention?
8) Music Enhances Higher Brain Functions?
9) Music is helpful for the patients of Alzheimer’s disease?

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 10) What is relation between music and insomnia?
11) How music is helpful for brain?
12) If music boosts the immune system?
13) If listening to music effect the mood?
14) If music is essential for humans?
15) If music effects the student’s learning?
16) Does music reduce anxiety?
17) Does music effects memorization?
18) What are some effects of music on heart?
19) If Music effect heart rate?
20) What is Mozart effect?
21) If classical music increases IQ?
22) If music has effects on people’s action?
23) What is an ear worm?
24) How to get rid of earworms?
25) What are the disadvantages of music?
26) What is music addiction?

Statement of purpose

The purpose of this report is to answer of the following:

27) “What is music?”

28) “What are some music generes?”
29) “Does music effects human body?”
30) “Does music effects brain?”
31) “Music influence in headache and migraine?”
32) “Does music effects Cognition, Intelligence, Learning, and IQ?”
33) “Does Music help in Concentration and Attention?”
34) “Music Enhances Higher Brain Functions?”
35) “Music is helpful for the patients of Alzheimer’s disease?”
36) “What is relation between music and insomnia?”
37) “How music is helpful for brain?”

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 38) “If music boosts the immune system?”
39) “If listening to music effect the mood?”
40) “If music is essential for humans?”
41) “If music effects the student’s learning?”
42) “Does music reduce anxiety?”
43) “Does music effects memorization?”
44) “What are some effects of music on heart?”
45) “If Music effect heart rate?”
46) “What is Mozart effect?”
47) “If classical music increases IQ?”
48) “If music has effects on people’s action?”
49) “What is an ear worm?”
50) “How to get rid of earworms?”
51) “What are the disadvantages of music?”
52) “What is music addiction?”

Catalogues

Music is a form of art; an expression of emotions through harmonic frequencies.

Most music includes people singing with their voices or playing musical
instruments, such as the piano, guitar, drums or violin. The word music comes
from the Greek word (mousike), which means "(art) of the Muses".

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Music can affect your mood in many ways. This is because of the rhythm and tone that
we hear when we listen to music. Music may cause you to feel joyful, sad, angry, hyped
up, relaxed etc. and sometimes you can feel more than one emotion during a song.

Music therapy is a form of healing that uses music to provide care to patients, in a manner
that is outside of the box. ... Clinical studies can vouch for the health benefits of a
medically approved music therapy regimen. The beauty of music therapy is that it helps
people in a physical, mental, emotional and social way.

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Music instruction appears to accelerate brain development in young
children, particularl y in the areas of the brain responsible for processing
sound, language development, speech perception and reading skills,
according to initial results of a five -year study by USC neuroscientists.

Musical hallucination (MH) is the experience of hearing music when none is being
played. Hearing sound that no-one else can hear is quite common, but the
experience is normally of a simple sound such as a buzzing, ringing, or sizzling:
thesis known as tinnitus.

Collection of data

There are two sources of data, this report is generated by using both sources of data.
These sources of data are as follow:
i) Primary sources of data
ii) Secondary sources of data

Primary source of data:

In primary sources of data, we collect data by self or someone collect on our behalf. We
use primary source of data .We need first hand for this report for its validity and
reliability. The following primary sources are used.

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 i) Observations
ii) Questionnaire

Observation:
The researcher will participate by himself in collection of data by observing the whole
environment. The researcher will share the experience based observations of his interest.

Questionnaire:
The target population for our research will defined as the students, employees and public
in Pakistan. Even the understanding of the questionnaire will easy to them as they will
quite clear about the reasons they are use it for and the various problems that they face.
Simple random sampling method was used to select the respondents. A sample during this
research we will take 50 respondents within the University of Gujrat.

Secondary source of data:

In secondary source of data there are many ways to collect the data. We collect the data
from social media pages. After collection of data, the data is checked for its validity and
reliability.
i) Social media

Social media:
The researcher collect data for this report from the website of “Harvard Health”.

ANALYZE THE DATA

The researcher collected data by using above methods and compile the results by
analyzing data.

Do you listen to music?

yes no

11%

89%

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 Fig.1

Music listening Responses Percentage

Yes 44 89%
No 6 11%

What kind of music do you listen?

4.5

3.5

3
yes
2.5
no
2 often

1.5

0.5

0
jazz dubstep rock others

Fig. 2

Generes Responses

Yes No Often

Jazz 35 5 10

Dubstep 16 20 14

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 Rock 19 14 17

Others 32 7 11

Music helps to relax the mind?

Unsure
14%

No
22%

Yes
64%

Fig. 3

Music relax your mind Response Percentage

Yes 31 64%

No 7 22%
Unsure 12 14ss%

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 Music effects on mood

Unsure
9%
Often
10%

No
Yes
23%
58%

Fig 4

Music changes the Response Percentage

mood
Yes 29 59%

No 12 23%
Often 5 10%
Unsure 4 8%

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 Music helps to concentrate the work
yes no often unsure

17%

8%
50%

25%

Fig 5

Music helps to Response Percentage

concentrate work
Yes 30 50%

No 15 25%
Often 5 8%
Unsure 10s 17s%

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 Result

98% out 100% agree that they listen to music in their routine. , and only 2% don’t listen
to music. 70% of them admit that music changes their moods and 30% says that music
doesn’t affects their moods. 88% people agreed to that music changes their mind states
and 2% don’t think that 10% wasn’t sure. 30% people don’t feel relax to listening the
music and 50% feels relax to listening the music and 20% aren’t sure.60% students says
that they listen to music while studying as music helps them to focus on studies and mind
works better. 25% students don’t like to listen music as they feel that it distracts from
studies.

Discussion
This report is generated from the data collected by researcher observation, social media
posts and questionnaire filled by regular customers of UOG café. So, there must be a
chance of that the data collected by above sources is not completely accurate, because the
researcher may not interpret something accurately or the data taken from social media
may not be valid or the non-serious attitude of person who fill questionnaire. So, it is
quite possible that there may be 5% chance of errors in the results.
Recommendations
The basic objective of this research was to analyze people point of view towards music
listening habbit, whether they listen the music and it just not for fun but for relaxation and
concentration on works. Secondary objective of this research was to create awareness of
the music listening effects on the human body. It gives direction to research tools,
research types and techniques. Although the findings reveal that people mostly listen to
the music and feels good and have many positive effects on their mind and health. And
also the objective to aware people what are some side effects of the music listening and
some guides and some things to avoid while listening music.

So, the people should listen to the music but they should also considers the all aspects to
take care of their health from the harmful effect of music listening. People shouldn’t
listen to music more than 30 minutes continuously .Music sounds shouldn’t be so high
that may cause hearing loss .Soft and light music should preferred .People can enjoy
listening music with a better health by considering all the guides provided in this report.

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 Appendix

QUESTIONAIRE

THE EFFECTS OF MUSIC ON HUMAN BODY AND MIND

Students in the University Of Gujrat of computer science department are

conducting this survey to determine perceptions of the effects of music
on people. The survey also is designed to determine the behavior of
different people towards music. Please fill the questionnaire carefully.

Not essential, but if you would like to, please enter your name:

You are:
Male Female

What is your age?

Please state your occupation (if you're a student please write what you're studying..

Do you listen to music?

1. Yes 2. No 3. Unsure

Do music changes your mood?

2. Yes 2. No 3. Unsure

Listening to music makes you feel relax?

3. Yes 2. No 3. Unsure

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Listening to music helps you while studying?

4. Yes 2. No 3. Unsure

You know about ear worms?

5. Yes 2. No 3. Unsure

You listen to music while working?

6. Yes 2. No 3. Unsure

Please select the top 3 genres of music you listen.

*
Jazz Pop Electro
Punk R'n'B Dance
Metal Hiphop Other genre (Please Specify)

Rock

Can you concentrate on work while listening to music?

7. Yes 2. No 3. Unsure

Do you enjoy music when you are relax?

1. Yes 2. No 3. Unsure

Do you listen to music while you are sad or aggressive?

1. Yes 2. No 3. Unsure

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
References:

 https://owlcation.com/social-sciences/The-Effect-of-Music-on-
Human-Health-and-Brain-Growth
 https://www.mic.com/articles/133981/7-ways-music-affects-the-
body-here-s-how-science-says-sound-moves-us
 Research methods by Nasim Habibzadeh “The effect of music on
mental and physical performance”.

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 INDEX
 Limited 27
 A:
M:
 Abstract 9
 Mozart 21
 Awareness 21
 Music 1
 B:
 N:
 Betterment 27
 O:
 C:
 Objective 24
 Conducted 24
 Observation 13
 D:
 P:
 Diseases 12
 Publish 9
 E:
 Praise 27
 Environment 10
 Q:
 Either 11
 Questionnaire 9
 F:
 R:
 Forensic 9
 Remarks 10
 G:
 Reasonable 12
 Guess 9  S:
 H:  Suggestions 27
 Hearing 10  T:
 Heart 18  Tasting 13
 U:
 I:
 Undesired 12
 Improvements 27
 V:
 Interest 21
 Validity 14
 J:
 W:
 Judge 9
 World 19

36
 GLOSSARY
 Abstract: Existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete
existence.
 Betterment: the enhanced value of real property arising from local improvements.
 Mozart: The music of different combinations that make you smarter.
 Insomnia: The condition of sleep.
 Environment: Area around the place where someone sit for some purpose.
 Mood: Humans reactions and feelings.
 Alzhemire : progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due
to generalized degeneration of the brain. It is the commonest cause of premature
senility.
 Limited: restricted in size, amount, or extent; few, small, or short.
 Praise: express warm approval or admiration of.
 Remarks: say something as a comment; mention.
 Suggestions: something that implies or indicates a certain fact or situation.
 Recommendations: Recommending something.
 Validity: the state of being legally or officially binding or acceptable.

10