MÉTODO DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS - CERCHA DE 4+ NUDOS

Resolver una cercha de más de 4 nudos, encontrando las deformaciones, reacciones externas y fuerzas internas.

10 6

9
5
5
2 230 304.795 KN
6 KN 48.99 °

4
200 KN
8
2 4 4
3 5
7
2
1 1 2 2 3 3 250
KN
500 1 400
KN KN
[m]
3 3

Datos: Descomposición de la fuerza en el nudo 4

E = 2.5E+08 [KN/m2] F= 304.795 [KN] θ= 48.99 [°]
A= 6.0E-04 [m2] Fx = 200 [KN] Fx = F · cos θ
A·E = 1.50E+05 [KN] Fy = 230 [KN] Fy = F · sen θ

Longitudes de barra Coordenadas de los nudos

N° [m] N° "x" [m] "y" [m]
1 3 1 0 0
2 3 2 3 0
3 3.61 3 6 0
4 2 4 3 2
5 3.61 5 0 4
6 3.61

Ecuaciones a emplear
Los puntos "F" se consideran el nudo final
YF Los puntos "N" se consideran el nudo inicial
F * Respecto del eje de coordenadas tomado
XF para la barra "i" en análisis
i
L
YN
N XN

Barra N° 1 λx = 1 1 · AE/L 50000.0

L= 3 [m] λy = 0 0 · AE/L 0.0
"x" "y" 0 · AE/L 0.0
1 0 0 [m] Nudo inicial
2 3 0 [m] Nudo final 7 8 1 2
50000 0 -50000 0 7
8 2 0 0 0 0 8
7 1 K1 = -50000 0 50000 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 2
1 2

Barra N° 2 λx = 1 1 · AE/L 50000.0

L= 3 [m] λy = 0 0 · AE/L 0.0
"x" "y" 0 · AE/L 0.0
2 3 0 [m] Nudo inicial
3 6 0 [m] Nudo final 1 2 3 4
50000 0 -50000 0 1
2 4 0 0 0 0 2
1 3 K2 = -50000 0 50000 0 3
2 0 0 0 0 4
2 3

Barra N° 3 λx = 0.832 0.692 · AE/L 34615

L= 3.61 [m] λy = 0.555 0.308 · AE/L 15385
"x" "y" 0.462 · AE/L 23077
1 0 0 [m] Nudo inicial
4 3 2 [m] Nudo final 7 8 5 6
34615 23077 -34615 -23077 7
6 23077 15385 -23077 -15385 8
5 K3 = -34615 -23077 34615 23077 5
8 3 4 -23077 -15385 23077 15385 6

1
7
Barra N° 4 λx = 0.000 0 · AE/L 0.0
L= 2.00 [m] λy = 1.000 1 · AE/L 50000.0
"x" "y" 0 · AE/L 0.0
2 3 0 [m] Nudo inicial
4 3 2 [m] Nudo final 1 2 5 6
6 0 0 0 0 1
0 50000 0 -50000 2
4
5 K4 = 0 0 0 0 5
 0 -50000 0 50000 6
4

2
2
1
Barra N° 5 λx = -0.832 0.692 · AE/L 34615
L= 3.61 [m] λy = 0.555 0.308 · AE/L 15385
"x" "y" -0.462 · AE/L -23077
3 6 0 [m] Nudo inicial
4 3 2 [m] Nudo final 3 4 5 6
34615 -23077 -34615 23077 3
6 -23077 15385 23077 -15385 4
5 K5 = -34615 23077 34615 -23077 5
4 4 23077 -15385 -23077 15385 6
5
3
3

Barra N° 6 λx = -0.832 0.692 · AE/L 34615

L= 3.61 [m] λy = 0.555 0.308 · AE/L 15385
"x" "y" -0.462 · AE/L -23077
4
3 2 [m] Nudo inicial
5 0 4 [m] Nudo final 5 6 9 10
34615 -23077 -34615 23077 5
10 -23077 15385 23077 -15385 6
9 K6 = -34615 23077 34615 -23077 9
5 6 23077 -15385 -23077 15385 10
6
5
4
Matriz ensamblada

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 100000 0 -50000 0 0 0 -50000 0 0 0
2 0 50000 0 0 0 -50000 0 0 0 0
3 -50000 0 84615 -23077 -34615 23077 0 0 0 0
4 0 0 -23077 15385 23077 -15385 0 0 0 0
5 0 0 -34615 23077 103846 -23077 -34615 -23077 -34615 23077
K' = 6 0 -50000 23077 -15385 -23077 96154 -23077 -15385 23077 -15385
7 -50000 0 0 0 -34615 -23077 84615 23077 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 -23077 -15385 23077 15385 0 0
9 0 0 0 0 -34615 23077 0 0 34615 -23077
10 0 0 0 0 23077 -15385 0 0 -23077 15385
 Aplicando la matriz de rigidez F = K' · u
F K' u
K11 K12
0 100000 0 -50000 0 0 0 -50000 0 0 0 u1
-500 0 50000 0 0 0 -50000 0 0 0 0 u2
250 -50000 0 84615 -23077 -34615 23077 0 0 0 0 u3
-400 0 0 -23077 15385 23077 -15385 0 0 0 0 u4
-200 = 0 0 -34615 23077 103846 -23077 -34615 -23077 -34615 23077 u5
-230 0 -50000 23077 -15385 -23077 96154 -23077 -15385 23077 -15385 u6
R1x -50000 0 0 0 -34615 -23077 84615 23077 0 0 0
R1y 0 0 0 0 -23077 -15385 23077 15385 0 0 0
R5x 0 0 0 0 -34615 23077 0 0 34615 -23077 0
R5y 0 0 0 0 23077 -15385 0 0 -23077 15385 0
K21 K22

Fc = K11·Dd + K12·Dc [1] Fd = K21·Dd + K22·Dc [2]

Cálculo de las deformaciones, empleando la ecuación [1]

u1 0.00002 0 0.00002 0.00003 2.8E-21 0 0 u1 = -0.0070 [m]

u2 0 5.3E-05 0 3.3E-05 0 3.3E-05 -500 u2 = -0.0467 [m]
u3 = 0.00002 0 0.00004 0.00006 5.6E-21 0 250 → u3 = -0.0140 [m]
u4 0.00003 3.3E-05 0.00006 0.00022 -2E-05 3.3E-05 -400 u4 = -0.0924 [m]
u5 0 0 0 -2E-05 1.4E-05 0 -200 u5 = 0.0058 [m]
u6 0 3.3E-05 0 3.3E-05 0 3.3E-05 -230 u6 = -0.0367 [m]

Cálculo de las reacciones, empleando la ecuación [2]

R1x -50000 0 0 0 -34615 -23077 -0.0070 R1x = 997.5 [KN]

R1y = 0 0 0 0 -23077 -15385 -0.0467 R1y = 431.7 [KN]
R5x 0 0 0 0 -34615 23077 -0.0140 → R5x = -1047.5 [KN]
R5y 0 0 0 0 23077 -15385 -0.0924 R5y = 698.3 [KN]
0.0058
-0.0367
Cálculo de las fuerzas internas por cada barra

A·E = 1.5E+05 [KN]

Barra N° 1 L= 3 [m]
λx = 1.000
λy = 0.000 0
0 q1 = -350 [KN]
q1 = 5.0E+04 -1 0 1 0 -0.0070 → Comp
-0.0467

Barra N° 2 L= 3 [m]
λx = 1.000
λy = 0.000 -0.0070
-0.0467 q1 = -350 [KN]
q1 = 5.0E+04 -1 0 1 0 -0.0140 → Comp
-0.0924

Barra N° 3 L= 3.61 [m]

λx = 0.832
λy = 0.555 0
0 q1 = -647.5 [KN]
q1 = 4.2E+04 -0.83205 -0.5547 0.83205 0.5547 0.0058 → Comp
-0.0367

Barra N° 4 L= 2 [m]
λx = 0.000
λy = 1.000 -0.0070
-0.0467 q1 = 750 [KN]
q1 = 7.5E+04 0 -1 0 1 0.0058 → Trac
-0.0367

Barra N° 5 L= 3.61 [m]

λx = -0.832
λy = 0.555 -0.0140
-0.0924 q1 = 600 [KN]
q1 = 4.2E+04 0.83205 -0.5547 -0.83205 0.5547 0.0058 → Trac
-0.0367

Barra N° 6 L= 3.61 [m]

 λx = -0.832
λy = 0.555 0.0058
-0.0367 q1 = 1047.5 [KN]
q1 = 4.2E+04 0.83205 -0.5547 -0.83205 0.5547 0.0000 → Trac
0.0000