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ISBN 978-0-7559-8114-4
www.anationalconversation.com
YOUR SCOTLAND
YOUR VOICE
A NATIONAL CONVERSATION
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A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
ISBN 978-0-7559-8114-4
The text pages of this document are printed on recycled paper and are
100% recyclable
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“
Scotland has a long and proud record of
innovation and excellence in health and
healthcare, with internationally recognised
medical schools alongside world-renowned
clinical and scientific research. Our National
Health Service is one of which we can similarly
be proud. By wisely using already wide ranging
devolved responsibilities for health and
wellbeing on behalf of the people of Scotland
we have changed the landscape of and
potential for improving health and health
inequalities. Huge strides have been made in
reducing waiting times and our strategies to
improve coronary heart disease, stroke and
cancer services, among others, have brought
with them significant improvements for
patients. What has been done is testament to
what can be achieved and I am certain that
with full powers and responsibilities in an
independent nation we can and will achieve
much more.
”
Deputy First Minister and Cabinet
Secretary for Health & Wellbeing
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Cabinet Secretary for
Finance and Sustainable Growth
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”
Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs and
the Environment
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Minister for Parliamentary Business
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”
Minister for Culture, External
Affairs and the Constitution
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A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
CONTENTS
FOREWORD 1
3. A WEALTHIER SCOTLAND 21
Overview 21
Economic and fiscal policy 23
Business and enterprise 39
Migration 50
Broadcasting 53
Conclusion 57
4. A FAIRER SCOTLAND 59
Overview 59
Welfare and benefits 60
Housing and regeneration 64
Equal opportunities 68
Conclusion 69
5. A GREENER SCOTLAND 71
Overview 71
Environment, agriculture and fisheries 72
Transport 82
Energy 85
Conclusion 89
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7. A SAFER SCOTLAND 99
Overview 99
Criminal and civil justice 100
Judiciary and the Courts 102
Human rights and responsibilities 104
Conclusion 105
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FOREWORD
Over the last two years more than 15,000 people have taken part in the
National Conversation on the future of Scotland: at public meetings, in print
and online. There have been other significant contributions: from experts,
academics, journalists and think tanks on a range of subjects such as fiscal
autonomy, energy and the environment, and Scotland in the world.
Two things are clear. First, that there is a demand in Scotland to consider
and debate our national future. Second, that the current arrangements do
not meet the ambitions of our nation. Ten years on from devolution, almost
all agree that it is time to expand the responsibilities of our Parliament.
Ten years ago Donald Dewar said the Scottish Parliament was “a new
voice in the land, a voice to shape Scotland, a voice above all for the
future”. He was right. But our Parliament is incomplete, unfinished. Its voice
is muted or silent in many areas vital to our nation.
I believe that Scotland cannot fully flourish until it takes responsibility for
itself: for its economy, taxes, and spending; for its rich and its poor; for its
natural resources and its waste; for its old and its young; for its roads and
its seas; for its place in the world, for peace and war, for ties of friendship
and common interest with the other nations of the earth.
These are the matters with which normal, independent countries deal
every day. They know the challenges and opportunities that come with
that independence, as well as the responsibility.
Scotland and its people are more than capable of doing so, too. We would
benefit from the opportunities. I believe it is time that Scotland reclaimed
its place among the nations of Europe and the world. Other people have
different views. It is now time for the voice of the people to be heard – in
the referendum on Scotland’s future we intend to hold in November 2010.
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CHAPTER 1
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1.5 Even the existing devolution been used to increase the level of
settlement envisages changes in capital investment, helping to support
these devolved responsibilities. As a greater number of jobs in Scotland.
only specified areas are reserved,
any new issues – such as climate 1.7 For devolution to be successful, the
change – fall within devolved Scottish Government needs to work
responsibility. The existing list of closely with the United Kingdom
reserved matters can be adjusted by Government, the other devolved
order with the agreement of the administrations and the European
Scottish and United Kingdom Union. The governments have
Parliaments, although there is no worked well together on some
statutory mechanism for the Scottish issues: anti-terrorism measures; the
Parliament to request action from swine flu outbreak; and Climate
the United Kingdom Parliament to Change Bills in both the Scottish
alter the division of responsibilities.4 and United Kingdom Parliaments.
Regular meetings of the Joint
1.6 The Scottish Government has taken Ministerial Committees have been
steps within its current responsibilities re-established. However, relations
to further its purpose of focussing between the Scottish and United
the Government and public services Kingdom Governments have been
on creating a more successful less successful on other occasions:
country, with opportunities for all of negotiations for a Prisoner Transfer
Scotland to flourish, through Agreement with Libya; delay in
increasing sustainable economic amending the law on human rights
growth. The Scottish Government cases under the Scotland Act;5
has also addressed the economic exclusion of Scottish Ministers from
and financial crisis through the the United Kingdom delegation to
Scottish Economic Recovery Plan, the Copenhagen Summit on Climate
but the main policy responsibilities Change; and the United Kingdom
remain with the United Kingdom Government’s refusal to be flexible in
Government, notably the level of funding capital projects, notably the
public debt and spending over the Forth Road Bridge.
short term, advancing capital
expenditure from future years, and OPTIONS FOR THE FUTURE
the overall tax regime. The Scottish
Government has been constrained in 1.8 The Scottish Government’s white
the fiscal stimulus package it can paper Choosing Scotland’s Future,
introduce, and the actions taken by published in August 2007, identified
the United Kingdom Government may three principal options:
not be best suited to Scotland. For
• the current devolution scheme, with
example, the resources allocated to
the possibility of further devolution on
the temporary cut in Value Added Tax
individual matters as occasions arise
by the United Kingdom could have
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1.13 The events gave members of the The National Conversation website
public the opportunity to present
their own views, ask Scottish 1.16 The National Conversation has
Ministers about their vision of pioneered the use of new media
Scotland, and to ask questions on within the Scottish Government,
local, national and international with regular blogs from Ministers
concerns. The events have and the opportunity for individuals
illustrated how the constitution from across the political spectrum
embraces everyday concerns such to debate directly with the Scottish
as the economy, employment, Government and each other. So far
energy, benefits, housing, education the National Conversation website
and health. Quotes and comments has received over 500,000 hits, and
from these events appear almost 5,000 people have
throughout this paper. contributed to the National
Conversation blogs from all
1.14 Civic Scotland has been a key part perspectives and across the world.9
of the National Conversation. On
26 March 2008, the First Minister 1.17 The website has also built up a
and the Cabinet hosted a meeting record of the National Conversation
of over 120 representatives of civic as it has progressed, with video and
society, acknowledging the audio records of meetings, transcripts
importance of Scotland’s civic of speeches, records of comments
institutions. National Conversation and questions and photographs.
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for attempting to
Government’s Independent
Commission on Funding and Finance
encourage debate.
for Wales (the Holtham Commission)
also published its first report on
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CHAPTER 2
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2.5 The paper describes the opportunities Government. While the devolved
that increased responsibility would responsibility of the Scottish
provide for Scotland to develop Ministers has been adjusted
policies to address its issues. The relatively frequently, extension of
use made of these opportunities the legislative competence of the
would depend on the policy choices Scottish Parliament has been rarer.17
of future Scottish Governments and
the make up of future Parliaments. COMMISSION ON SCOTTISH
The examples in the paper therefore DEVOLUTION
illustrate the benefits and challenges
of these responsibilities, and are 2.8 The Commission carried out a
neither a programme for government review of devolution, although it
nor commitments to future action. did not consider the possibility of
independence, and was prevented
2.6 There are four broad options for by its terms of reference from
Scotland’s future: examining some of the more
significant options such as full fiscal
• the status quo: Scotland retains its autonomy.18 The Commission
current responsibilities with gradual nevertheless proposed a package
evolution in response to particular of alterations to the devolution
events or pressures settlement that embodied new
• implementing the recommendations principles, such as giving the
of the Commission on Scottish Scottish Government a limited ability
Devolution to borrow. It also recommended
• full devolution of the maximum ways to improve the relationships
range of responsibilities to Scotland between the Scottish Government
while remaining in the United and Parliament and the United
Kingdom (sometimes called Kingdom Government and Parliament.
“devolution max”) The advantages and drawbacks of
• independence: Scotland has all their main recommendations are
the rights and responsibilities of discussed in detail later in the paper.
a normal independent state
CURRENT POSITION
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2.9 The Commission did not make protection and pensions. Existing
recommendations in a number of areas of disagreement would
important areas including economic continue. Improved inter-
issues, employment and company governmental relations, including
law, and foreign affairs. The enforceable principles of parity of
Commission’s recommendations on esteem, would be required for
benefits fell short of further Scotland to get the most out of its
devolution, but recognised the increased responsibility.
interest of the devolved government
of Scotland in reserved policy INDEPENDENCE
making. Devolved competence
could therefore be extended beyond 2.11 The Scottish Government’s favoured
the recommendations of the policy is independence, which would
Commission. bring all the possibilities of full
devolution with the additional
FULL DEVOLUTION responsibilities that could not be
devolved within the United Kingdom,
2.10 Under full devolution the existing such as foreign affairs and defence.
devolution framework would be Under independence Scotland
retained, and Scotland would remain would be responsible for:
within the United Kingdom. The
United Kingdom Government and • the economy, including decisions on
institutions would continue to have the currency and the macroeconomic
responsibility for many matters, for framework
example the currency and monetary • investment in education, enterprise
policy, and decisions on peace and and infrastructure including
war. Full devolution would give transport and housing
Scotland more responsibility for • the environment, energy and
domestic matters, and would extend climate change
the range of measures the Scottish • the taxation and benefits system
Government and the Scottish • the full range of public services,
Parliament could take to encourage including benefits and health
greater sustainable economic • foreign affairs, defence and security
growth. Nonetheless, there would be matters
continued interaction with matters • equality legislation and human rights
reserved to the United Kingdom, for • the constitution and government of
example foreign affairs, defence, Scotland, including Parliament, the
macroeconomic policy, some courts, local government
taxation and, possibly, social
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CHAPTER 3
A WEALTHIER SCOTLAND
OVERVIEW
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3.14 Monetary policy is fully reserved and competition policy, company law,
conducted through the Bank of economic regulation of utilities (for
England. The Bank of England sets example telecommunications),
interest rates, conducts operations regulation of financial markets,
in the money markets and manages consumer protection and product
the United Kingdom’s foreign and trading standards; and policies
exchange reserves. Its monetary affecting the labour market,
policy remit is to deliver price including employment law and
stability, defined by the United migration. These significant
Kingdom Government’s inflation responsibilities have a considerable
target of 2%.25 The inflation target is bearing on the performance and the
set for the United Kingdom economy growth potential of the Scottish
as a whole, and does not allow economy.
variations in prices, demand, or
economic cycles within the United Scotland within the current framework
Kingdom.
3.17 Scotland’s lack of financial
3.15 Overall responsibility for the responsibility has real economic
operation of fiscal policy and the consequences. Opportunities are
public finances is also reserved to limited to set competitive policies,
the United Kingdom Government. particularly taxation, and to use the
The United Kingdom Government full range of fiscal and economic
determines the framework for the policy levers to complement the
conduct of fiscal policy and is specific strengths of the Scottish
responsible for the management of economy and address any
net borrowing, financial reserves weaknesses. Commitments to invest
and debt. in long-term infrastructure are also
constrained by fiscal rules which are
Industrial policy and regulatory determined and revised by the
framework United Kingdom Government and
not the best interests of the Scottish
3.16 Other important economic policies economy.
levers are reserved to the United
Kingdom Government, which 3.18 In macroeconomic policy, the
remains largely responsible for the Scottish economy is subject to a
framework for economic regulation range of ‘one size fits all’ fiscal
in Scotland. This includes policies which are set according to
responsibility for energy policy, conditions across the United
including the oil and gas sector, Kingdom as a whole, and do not aim
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Economic and fiscal recommendations of The block grant from the United
the Commission on Scottish Devolution Kingdom Government to the
Scottish Government should be
Macroeconomic policy reduced by an equivalent total
amount. It would then be for the
3.22 The Commission recommended that Scottish Parliament to supplement
macroeconomic policy remain the block grant by setting a Scottish
reserved to the United Kingdom income tax and deciding the
Government, although there should appropriate rate.
be greater discussion between the
Scottish and United Kingdom 3.24 The Commission recommended that
Governments on macroeconomic a number of minor taxes (air
policy.30 The Commission did not passenger duty, landfill tax, stamp
propose any changes to the current duty land tax and the aggregates
arrangements for monetary policy, levy) should be devolved to Scotland,
the currency or financial regulation. and the Scottish Parliament should
be able to legislate, with the
Fiscal policy agreement of the United Kingdom
Parliament, for new taxes which
3.23 The Commission’s terms of would apply in Scotland. The
reference charged it with making Commission’s final report argues
recommendations to improve the that these recommendations would
financial responsibility of the give the Scottish Parliament real
Scottish Parliament. The Commission financial accountability, and strike a
recommended that a greater share balance between accountability,
of the Scottish Parliament’s budget equity and efficiency.
should come from devolved taxation
by the Scottish Parliament and the 3.25 The Commission recommended that
United Kingdom Parliament sharing the Scottish Government should be
the yield of income tax in Scotland. given limited autonomy to borrow
The Commission proposed that the to fund capital investment. Under
Scottish Variable Rate should be the proposals, Scottish Ministers
replaced by a single Scottish rate of would be able to borrow only from
income tax, applying to the basic the United Kingdom Government,
and higher rates of income tax. The which would set the conditions and
basic and higher rates of income tax amount, therefore deciding the
levied by the United Kingdom Scottish Government’s ability to
Government in Scotland would be manage its finances and capital
reduced by 10p. Half the estimated investment programme.
income tax yield from savings and
dividends in Scotland would also be
assigned to the Scottish Government.
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3.26 The proposals embody important apply relatively broad brush changes
principles: to the income tax system, and even
then, constraints on funding prior
• the Scottish Parliament should be service commitments would limit
accountable for some income tax in the practical opportunities to deliver
Scotland real policy autonomy. Targeted and
• that this taxation should be linked to potentially redistributive measures,
the level of public spending in open to the United Kingdom
Scotland Government, through adjusting the
• that the Scottish Parliament should be structure of the income tax regime
able to levy specific taxes, directed and its interaction with the wider
at particular policy objectives tax and welfare system would not
• that the Scottish Government should be possible. The Commission’s
be able to borrow to invest in capital recommendations would not
programmes improve financial clarity and
transparency in Scotland, or
3.27 However, Scotland’s budget would significantly increase the autonomy
be a complex mix of a block grant, of the Scottish Parliament.31 The
various devolved taxes, tax block grant – set at the discretion of
assignment, tax sharing and the United Kingdom Government –
reserved taxes. The United Kingdom would remain the most important
Government would still collect factor in determining Scotland’s
around 80% of all Scottish tax budget.
revenues. Key elements of fiscal
policy, such as corporation tax, VAT, 3.28 The particular taxation mechanisms
national insurance contributions, proposed by the Commission could
capital gains taxation, North Sea pose a risk to Scotland’s public sector
revenues and the key types of and to its economic performance:
environmental taxation, would for example, the Scottish
remain reserved to the United Government would be heavily reliant
Kingdom Government. In addition, upon one single source of taxation
responsibility for key elements of rather than the range of taxes
the income tax system, such as available to most governments. This
personal allowances, tax thresholds, would leave Scotland’s budget more
the tax rates on savings and exposed than under the current
dividends, the opportunity to arrangements. There is also a risk
establish tax breaks for particular that the Scottish budget could be
groups such as pensioners, the self- squeezed inadvertently following
employed and young artists, would technical or administrative changes
remain reserved. The Scottish to the income tax system by the
Government would only be able to United Kingdom Government.
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Full devolution32
3.29 More extensive reforms of fiscal 3.30 Full fiscal autonomy would make
policy and responsibility have been the Scottish Parliament and Scottish
proposed during the National Government responsible for raising,
Conversation.33 Essentially these collecting and administering all (or
propose that there should be a the vast majority of) revenues in
greater linkage between the level of Scotland and the vast majority of
public spending in Scotland and the spending for Scotland. A remittance
taxation decided in the country, and or subvention from Scotland to the
that the Scottish Parliament should United Kingdom would be required
make decisions over a wider range to cover common United Kingdom
of taxes, for example inheritance tax public goods and services, such as
or corporation tax. These models defence and foreign affairs. The
would increase the economic and range of services paid for in this way
other benefits of reform, and would be subject to negotiation at
provide flexibility beyond that of the time of any revised settlement.
the relatively limited Commission In essence, this framework would be
proposals. For example, Reform the maximum form of tax and policy
Scotland has proposed that the devolution short of independence.
Scottish Government and the United
Kingdom Government are each
responsible for raising what they
spend, with taxes allocated to or
shared between them.34
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fiscal restraint and saving during losses for banks and damaged
periods of stronger economic growth. confidence throughout the financial
For example, between 2001 and system. Regulators did not identify
2008, the United Kingdom economy the systemic risks caused by losses
grew 15% but public sector net debt in one organisation spreading to
almost doubled to £593 billion.47 In others across the globe, and
2008 the United Kingdom was forced eventually the real economy.
to abandon its two fiscal rules,
replacing them with a temporary 10. The United Kingdom regulatory
operating rule. system did not prevent: businesses
becoming overextended through
8. In light of these criticisms, a number excessive leverage and risk taking;
of options for fiscal reform have over-reliance on wholesale funding;
been put forward: overdependence on risky products;
and poor decisions over acquisitions.
• fiscal rules that are legally binding. The United Kingdom Government
This approach is taken in many has outlined proposed changes to
American states, but its rigidity the current regulatory framework in
raises wider social and economic a White Paper.48
challenges
• greater flexibility when setting fiscal 11. A further lesson from the current
rules. The European Union’s revised crisis has been how to regulate and,
Stability and Growth Pact now if necessary, support multinational
places greater emphasis on the institutions, which while
economic cycle and the underlying headquartered in one area, operate
health of the public finances across jurisdictions. In the case of
• greater independent oversight to certain institutions, support has
assess compliance with the rules and been international. For example,
provide projections for the public the Belgian, Dutch and Luxembourg
finances. The Council of Economic Governments provided joint support
Advisers has recently advocated for Fortis Bank.49 The G20 Summit in
support for such a Fiscal Commission. April 2009 agreed to establish a
Financial Stability Board to extend
Financial regulation regulation and oversight to all
systemically important financial
9. Regulation in the United Kingdom institutions and to strengthen
did not keep pace with innovation in international regulation. In June
the financial markets. Hence the 2009 the European Council agreed
disruption in sectors of the financial to establish a European System of
services market that were poorly or Financial Supervisors and a new
unregulated, including hedge funds European Systemic Risk Board to
and derivatives. Exposure in these implement the international model.
complex instruments led to major
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Current position
3.47 Current devolved responsibilities 3.48 However, many of the key policy
are used to support enterprise and areas that contribute to enterprise
business in Scotland,54 and to and business remain reserved, for
support the Scottish Economic example company law, corporate
Recovery Plan. insolvency, competition and
consumers,55 health and safety
and employment rights. Under
these arrangements, Scotland's
growth has remained behind that
of the United Kingdom in nine out
of the past 10 years.56
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Insolvency
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Corporation tax
3.57 A major policy lever that could be the rest of Spain, and to put in place
devolved is corporation tax. The more competitive allowances for
tax burden on small businesses in particular growth enhancing
Scotland has been substantially activities, such as investment in
reduced within existing devolved research and development.
competence through the Small (see Box 7 on the Basque Country).
Business Bonus Scheme. A more
competitive corporation tax could Independence
boost the economy, including
foreign investment, research and 3.58 Under independence Scotland
development, and the siting of would have responsibility for the
corporate headquarters. Corporation full range of policies to encourage
tax could be adjusted for small and enterprise and business growth,
medium sized companies, greater and the opportunity to address the
tax allowances could be given for factors which have contributed to
targeted activities and the the economic under-performance
administrative process could be of the last 30 years.
simplified. The United Kingdom
(and hence Scotland) has the eighth 3.59 Scotland would continue to be
highest corporation rate in the subject to international rules, such
European Union; a number of as European Union directives on
European countries of comparable competition and tax harmonisation.
size to Scotland have already However, Scotland would act as an
introduced significantly more independent state in its relationship
competitive corporation tax rates. with the international economic,
Within a full devolution framework, financial and business community,
the Basque Country has used its and would have a full voice in
responsibility for corporation tax to Europe.
introduce a lower statutory rate to
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3.60Recent research indicates a lack of 3.62 Scotland has long been an outward-
competition in markets in Scotland, looking trading nation, with strong
with high prices relative to the global connections. Scottish
United Kingdom in areas like business organisations work across
transport, utilities, catering and the globe to increase international
leisure services.61 Independence trade revenue through exports. They
would allow future developments in also seek to increase investment in
competition and consumer policy to Scotland and promote Scotland
be based on Scottish political, social internationally as a vibrant place to
and economic interests, for example live, work and do business with.
securing or sustaining comparative
advantage. Responsibility for 3.63 Scotland’s biggest trading partner is
competition in Scottish markets, the rest of the United Kingdom, with
combined with an enterprise trade worth £26.1 billion in 2007.63
oriented fiscal policy, would: On independence Scotland and the
rest of the United Kingdom would
• encourage businesses to improve retain common interests and ties
their internal efficiency and reduce through shared history, geography
costs and trade links. As a full member of
• incentivise early adoption of new the European Union, Scotland would
technology and other forms of continue to have access to its
innovation markets. Independence would
• increase the international enhance the opportunities for
competitiveness of Scottish Scotland’s wider international trade
businesses and products and investment, underpinned by
foreign and fiscal policies dedicated
3.61 Scotland’s geography raises issues to Scotland’s political, social and
for consumers in the islands or in economic interests. For example,
rural areas, who enjoy far fewer Scotland’s overseas representation
choices in the products and services is likely to focus on business and
they use.62 Consumer policy in an enterprise, rather than the projection
independent Scotland could be of power.
developed in the context of a set
of key principles such as access,
choice, safety, information, fairness,
representation, redress, and
education.
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Tax collection
3.64 The overall tax burden is central 3.65 A simpler tax system in Scotland
to the competitiveness of the tax would reduce costs for businesses
system, but the costs of and government, reduce incentives
compliance are also important. for tax avoidance and non-
A study commissioned by HM compliance, and potentially
Revenue and Customs in 2006 increase revenue.65 Reporting
estimated that administration of of statutory accounts and tax
United Kingdom corporation tax calculations could be unified for
cost business £608 million, 70% of smaller companies. The smallest
which was from Small to Medium companies might be assessed for
Enterprises.64 tax on cash flow rather than
accounting profit. Business leaders
could be directly involved in the
design of revised tax, regulation
and enterprise systems for
Scotland, avoiding the uncertainty
surrounding recent United
Kingdom announcements on
capital gains tax.
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6. In addition to the oil and gas sector, Scotland has considerable potential
to develop renewable energy and low-carbon energy production,
contributing to Scotland’s targets to reduce climate change emissions.
The sector is expanding rapidly in terms of new capacity and output,
with electricity generation from renewable sources reaching 20% of
gross consumption in 2007. The sector is estimated to employ 4,000 –
6,000 people, and there is scope for significant expansion over the next
decade.72 Scotland’s natural advantages, coupled with investment in new
technologies, means that it is well-placed to be a major European centre
for the production and export of renewable energy.
8. Food and drink (including agriculture and fisheries) is a key sector in the
Scottish economy. The contribution to economic output from food and
drink manufacturing was £3.2 billion, of which over half was from the
manufacture of beverages.74 The spirits sector within drinks
manufacturing, especially whisky, forms an important part of the sector’s
contribution to the Scottish economy in terms of value added and export
potential. Agriculture and fishing provide further economic contribution
along with the wider food and drink supply chain.75
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12. Scotland’s strong academic base is evidenced by the size, scope and
international standing of Scottish higher education institutions, with
four (Edinburgh, Glasgow, St Andrews and Aberdeen) among the
world’s top 150 universities.79 Directly employing some 35,159 full-time
equivalent staff and teaching some 224,855 students, Scottish
universities had a total turnover of £2.48 billion in 2007/08.80 Scotland
has the highest ratio of cited research papers to Gross Domestic
Product in the world and the impact of Scottish research is ranked
second in the world, behind only Switzerland.81 Scottish universities
attracted 33,520 international students in 2006/07, at 14.6% of the
student body third in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development behind Australia and the United Kingdom.82
13. Scotland has a diverse economy which plays a dynamic role in the
modern global economy. Scotland has responded to shifting global
patterns to ensure that its workforce has the right skills and that its
business infrastructure remains competitive.
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MIGRATION
Current position
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3.72 Many nations use migration policies 3.74 Scotland’s immigration system
to address demographic problems, should also support the country’s
as well as addressing skills commitment to human rights. Like
shortages. Both Canada and immigration, asylum policy is
Australia give priority to potential currently the responsibility of the
immigrants with particular skills and United Kingdom. On independence,
experience. Quebec has its own Scotland could take into account
immigration policies, established economic and demographic needs,
under the Canada-Quebec Accord as well as human rights and justice,
on Immigration, which requires, when considering asylum
amongst other things, that applications. Responsibility for the
immigrants can speak French or immigration and asylum system
English. A Scottish migration would allow Scotland to provide
scheme could both place particular greater security to asylum seekers
importance on required skills and awaiting the outcome of their
give priority to immigrants who application and ensure a fairer
assist in meeting the demographic and more humane asylum system.
challenges, for example young
people or families with children.
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3.83 An independent Scotland should not 3.86 The Scottish broadcasting industry
lose the range and quality of employs 2,400 people and is worth
broadcasting options received around £111 million to Scotland’s
currently, and indeed should seek an economy. Independence would
enhanced broadcasting service. For provide opportunities to develop
example, Scotland should continue to the industry further. The Scottish
access BBC and other broadcasters Government could take a range of
from the United Kingdom and there steps to attract inward investment,
should be no obstacles to Freeview, as have countries like Ireland and
satellite and cable services being Canada. It is likely that this would in
available in Scotland on a similar turn generate further investment in
basis to now. the Scottish broadcasting industry,
including further spending on
3.84 Independence would allow a programming. Additional investment
regulatory system that prioritised of this kind would bring improved
issues of particular importance for choice for Scottish viewers and
Scotland, such as making available would allow broadcasting, along
additional spectrum for new with the other creative industries, to
channels. A Scottish broadcasting make a significant contribution to
regulator would also safeguard the economic growth in an independent
quality and impartiality of Scottish Scotland.
public service broadcasters within
European regulations.
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CONCLUSION
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CHAPTER 4
A FAIRER SCOTLAND
OVERVIEW
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4.27 The wide array of social security 4.29 Scotland has experienced a lack of
benefits and tax credits available housing, particularly affordable
in the United Kingdom are housing. One fiscal mechanism that
interdependent. Housing benefit is a might address this issue in rural
passport to other benefits such as areas is Inheritance Tax. The
income support. Changes to any beneficiaries of a will often need to
element of housing benefit are likely sell quickly to pay the Inheritance
to impact the coherence and the Tax, moving stock from the rental
cost of the overall benefits system. market and reducing options for
The role recommended for Scotland those who cannot or do not want to
may be more apparent than real. buy. This problem affects Scotland
disproportionately because of the
Independence high proportion of rural areas
compared to the rest of the United
4.28 As in other areas, housing and Kingdom. Responsibility for
regeneration policy would benefit Inheritance Tax and other taxes
most from the increased fiscal and would allow Scotland to address
economic responsibilities that this issue.
independence - or full devolution -
would bring to Scotland. Housing, Funding housing policy
particularly the social rented sector,
also relies heavily on Housing 4.30There are two distinct streams of
Benefit to fund initiatives and housing policy being implemented
responsibility for this would assist in Scotland, one set at a United
integrated and focused decision Kingdom level through the benefits
making in Scotland. system and one set at a Scottish
level. For example, the Scottish
Government subsidises the social
housing sector by providing
development grants to build new
low-cost homes for rent. Housing
benefit currently meets about two-
thirds of the total rents in the sector,
or £1 billion a year. Any significant
changes to housing benefit affect
both tenants and the devolved
policy on investment in social
housing in Scotland. As housing
benefit decisions are taken for
the United Kingdom as a whole,
Scotland has little influence on
the overall balance between
these sources of funding.
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CHAPTER 5
A GREENER SCOTLAND
OVERVIEW
5.1 Scotland’s natural heritage enhances 5.3 Major policy areas of energy,
the lives of the people of Scotland transport regulation and waste
and supports tourism, agriculture, remain reserved. Many
fishing and aquaculture. The first environmental, agriculture and
decade of devolution has seen fishing matters are the subject of
legislation on climate change, international, particularly European
improving the environment and Union agreement, where Scotland
tackling flooding. Scotland has has no voice outwith the policies of
developed an approach to national the United Kingdom Government.
parks, land reform and nature
conservation designed for Scottish 5.4 Further devolution could provide
circumstances, and distinct from Scotland with mechanisms to
approaches in the rest of the United develop its potential, for example
Kingdom. responsibility for regulation of the
marine environment could allow
5.2 Scotland could play a leading role in Scotland to encourage offshore
addressing the challenge of climate renewables and carbon capture and
change and meeting European storage technology. However, the
targets for renewable energy need to work internationally, and the
through its potential in wind, tide central role of the European Union in
and wave power. Scotland’s environmental matters, means that
remaining reserves of oil and gas only independence would allow
support an infrastructure and Scotland to make a full contribution
technical expertise that could play a and make the best use of its
leading role in the development of experience and potential.
future low-carbon technologies, as
well as providing capital to invest in
developing renewables technology.
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5.6 Many environmental issues – 5.8 The Climate Change (Scotland) Act
including fisheries, agriculture, 2009 is the most ambitious climate
pollution and climate change – change legislation anywhere in the
are subject to decisions made in world. The Climate Change Delivery
international bodies, including the Plan sets out what needs to be done
European Union and the United now and in the medium and long-
Nations. The European Union also term to achieve the necessary
provides access to a common emissions reductions. Scotland
market for Scottish farmers, cannot deliver its emissions targets
fishermen and businesses, as well by acting alone. For example,
as funding opportunities to rural targets for the European Union
communities, and regulations so Emissions Trading Scheme, the
that food is safe to eat. largest carbon trading scheme in
the world, are set at European Union
5.7 The Scottish Parliament and level. The main responsibilities for
Government are responsible for energy policy and regulation are
implementing European Union reserved to the United Kingdom
decisions within devolved areas, Government, as are fiscal levers to
but Scotland is represented at the tackle climate change, including
European Union as part of the Vehicle Excise Duty, Fuel Duty,
United Kingdom. This can lead to and Landfill Tax.
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5.16 The Commission recommended that 5.17 The Commission recommended that
funding for policy relating to regulations of food content and
endemic diseases in animals should labelling should be reserved, where
be devolved, while responsibility for separate devolved arrangements
funding exotic disease outbreaks would place a burden on the
should be retained at a United manufacturing, distribution and
Kingdom level. At present, policy on supply of foodstuffs to consumers.
animal health, including response to However, this recommendation
exotic disease outbreaks is would separate responsibility for
devolved, but the budgets are held food labelling from devolved
by the United Kingdom Government. responsibilities for health, nutrition
One of the lessons learnt from and food policies. Food labelling in
Scotland’s response to the foot and Scotland is also governed by
mouth disease outbreak in 2007 was European Union legislation and
that the separation of policy already reflects the single European
responsibility from financial market.
responsibility, as recommended by
the Commission, is unsustainable.103
Full devolution of the animal health
budget would bring responsibility
for that budget and animal welfare
policy in line, and allow devolved
budgets to support improvements
in animal health and welfare in
Scotland, to reduce animal disease
and support increased sustainable
economic growth of the livestock
farming sector.
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Scotland to have a
United Kingdom Fisheries
Administrations acting jointly. As
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5.20 The viability of rural areas and 5.21 Independence would allow
the Scottish Government’s ability Scotland to be a full member
to assist their economic recovery of various international
could benefit from fiscal organisations, including the
autonomy. For example, European Union. This would
Scotland could tailor fuel and place Scotland in a stronger
vehicle excise duties to take negotiating position on rural
better account of Scottish and environmental issues.
circumstances, balancing the
need to reduce emissions against
the desire to support rural and
remote communities. Specific tax
incentives could be given to
landowners who let whole farms
to new entrants to farming, or
relief from Stamp Duty Land Tax
for new entrants taking up
leases. Such measures could
encourage new farmers and
increase enterprise in agriculture,
food production and land
management in Scotland.
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Transport taxes
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1. Until the Railways Act 2005 rail investment was decided at United
Kingdom level, and Scottish projects competed for funding in a
United Kingdom Government hierarchy. Since 2006 devolved
responsibility for investment decisions has allowed the Scottish
Government to target investment in the Scottish rail network to meet
Scottish objectives, from improving connectivity to meeting climate
change targets.
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5.45 Carbon Capture and Storage (CSS) 5.46 Oil and gas remain an important
is a technology in which Scotland sector in the Scottish economy.
has a number of significant With further devolution the Scottish
advantages including academic government could encourage
expertise, considerable offshore development in a number of key
storage capacity and the potential areas:
to utilise the skills and infrastructure • improving depletion rates and
of our existing oil and gas and promoting enhanced oil recovery
power engineering sectors. There • worldwide marketing of Scottish
are a number of outstanding oil services expertise
potential CCS projects which could • sustainable use and decommissioning
be developed in Scotland. Giving of the oil and gas infrastructure
greater powers to Scotland, such as (including for CCS)
ensuring that funding raised from • encouraging diversification of skills
the proposed United Kingdom from the sector into low carbon
Government levy on generation to opportunities such as CCS and
fund CCS projects is allocated marine renewables
directly to Scotland, would provide • better use of fiscal revenues,
an opportunity to assist the including a sovereign wealth fund
development of such projects and
ensure that Scotland can be seen as 5.47 The taxation regime is an important
a leader in the development of this factor in maximising investment and
emerging sector. In addition, CCS is production in the sector. The current
currently regulated by a number of taxation regime is made up of three
bodies including Scottish Ministers, parts: petroleum revenue tax:
the United Kingdom Government, charged at 50% on profits from
and the Crown Estate. Devolving all fields approved before March 1993
offshore licensing, including oil and (when the tax was abolished for new
gas licensing, to Scotland would fields); corporation tax: now
create a seamless regulatory charged at an effective rate of 50%;
framework for low carbon-based and license fees paid by operators
energy activity in the Scottish to the United Kingdom Government
offshore area. to explore and extract oil and gas
from specified areas.
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CHAPTER 6
A HEALTHIER AND
SMARTER SCOTLAND
OVERVIEW
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1. Free Personal and Nursing Care has 2. The implementation of free personal
been one of the most high-profile care illustrated a difficulty of
Scottish policies since devolution. implementing devolved policy which
Over 50,000 vulnerable older interacts with the reserved benefits
people in Scotland are currently system. The United Kingdom
receiving assistance through the Government withdrew Attendance
scheme. Around 42,000 people are Allowance from those people in care
now receiving personal care services homes receiving free personal care.
at home at no charge allowing them The Scottish Government had to
to remain in their own homes and ensure that these individuals are not
live independently for longer. 9,600 disadvantaged financially as a result
self-funders in care homes are at a cost of £30 million a year.
receiving a weekly payment of £153
towards their personal care and
around 6,100 of these self-funders
are also receiving £69 per week
towards their nursing care costs. The
balance has shifted from residential
care to supporting people in their
own homes for long as possible.
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p o u r c h i l d ren
w e g o i n g t o equi c e s s i o n ?
Ho w a r e e n g es o f r e
t t h e c h a l l r i n g m ore
to m e e e g oing t o b
p e n d e n c
Is inde ies from them?
opportunit versation
event, 22
April 2009
)
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Independence
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CHAPTER 7
A SAFER SCOTLAND
OVERVIEW
7.1 Scotland requires a legal system that 7.3 The Commission on Scottish
supports a safe and just society, and Devolution recognised that the
tackles societal issues like drug and principle of devolution would place
alcohol misuse and violence, responsibility for these matters in
including domestic and sexual Scotland, but only followed this
violence. Human rights, liberties and argument to its conclusion in their
equalities should underpin Scottish recommendations on airguns, drink
society, ensuring justice and driving limits and speed limits. There
tolerance for everyone, and is a separate criminal jurisdiction in
protecting the rights of citizens Scotland, and responsibility for the
against the state, and reflecting and whole body of criminal law could
protecting the diversity of society, now be devolved to the Scottish
tackling issues of sectarianism and Parliament as the legislature for
discrimination. that jurisdiction.
7.2 Scotland has a proud legal tradition, 7.4 Independence would give Scotland
securing the basic rights of the full responsibility for its court
citizen within an effective justice system, its approach to international
system. Much of this system has obligations of law and rights, and
been devolved, but important areas allow Scotland to protect the human
remain reserved: laws to tackle rights of its citizens, guaranteeing
drugs, firearms and terrorism; the their position within and against
legal machinery for safeguarding the state.
the human rights of Scottish
citizens; and important parts of
the judicial system: aspects of the
United Kingdom Supreme Court
and many tribunals.
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whether existing Scottish court 7.23 These statutes are reserved. The
structures would suffice. However United Kingdom Parliament still
the functions of a supreme court in claims competence to legislate in
interpreting the legal aspects of the ways which are incompatible with
constitution would remain the the European Convention on Human
function of the Scottish judiciary. Rights and the human rights of
Scottish citizens can therefore be
7.21 The Scottish legal system would encroached upon by Westminster
continue its traditional openness to without reference to the Scottish
the positive influence of other Parliament and Government. Greater
jurisdictions, particularly the Courts protection has been given to the
of European institutions. The human rights of Scottish citizens in
principal difference would be that some devolved areas than has been
Scotland’s legal system would the case in England and Wales, for
decide how to use these external example on the retention of
influences, including the rich fingerprints and DNA samples.
jurisprudence of the rest of the However, the Scottish Parliament
United Kingdom and the and Government cannot protect
Commonwealth, rather than having against threats to those rights if the
some crucial decisions made by matter is reserved, for example the
judges from other jurisdictions. introduction of identity cards.
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Independence CONCLUSION
7.25 With independence, Scotland 7.27 Scotland’s legal system has long
could properly entrench the human been a distinctive feature of the
rights of Scottish citizens in the nation. Devolution has provided the
constitutional framework of the opportunity to update and
nation. This approach would reflect modernise some of its features, and
international best practice, and the direct the system to addressing
international commitments Scotland societal problems that has faced
has undertaken as part of the United Scotland. However, some of the
Kingdom. Instead of regarding most important of these – drugs,
human rights as a burden on the firearms, aspects of alcohol policy –
government, an independent remain reserved.
Scotland could take a positive
approach to the place of rights in 7.28 The recommendations of the
its political and legal system, Commission on Scottish Devolution
guaranteeing the position of the would provide some further
individual against the state. responsibilities to Scotland, but not
in these central areas. The principle
7.26 As an independent state, Scotland of devolution should apply to the
would generally inherit current justice system as a whole, and give
international obligations, and it full responsibility to the Scottish
would be for the Government and Parliament as the law making body
Parliament to consider how these for this jurisdiction.
were taken forward in the future,
including, for example, the domestic 7.29 Independence would also give
protection of the rights under the Scotland responsibility for its whole
jurisdiction of the European Court of judicial system; and for the framework
Human Rights. Independence would of fundamental rights for its citizens.
also give Scotland the ability to
choose how to implement
international obligations in areas
which are currently reserved in a
way sympathetic to local legal
traditions, and national concerns.
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CHAPTER 8
A STRONGER SCOTLAND
OVERVIEW 8.2 Scotland’s international relations
have three principal dimensions:
8.1 A defining feature of an
independent state is its voice • relations with the European Union
on the world stage: in a wider • relations with the wider
international organisation, such as international community and
the European Union or the United other international organisations
Nations; or in bilateral discussions • relations with the rest of the
with other nations, neighbours United Kingdom
and trading partners. Influencing
others, representing the views and Given the European Union’s role
interests of its people, is a key aim in many areas of government,
of governments across the world Scotland needs adequate
in this global and interdependent representation within the
age. European Union to negotiate
directly for its own interests.
Scotland already has a distinct, if
limited, voice on the international
stage, both as a nation in its own
right and as part of the United
Kingdom. Scotland has close ties
with the rest of the United
Kingdom, from geography, from
social and historical bonds, and
through institutions, such as the
monarchy, and would maintain
these on independence.
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citizenship of Scotland
resilience
should/when it
8.23 Scotland is currently unusual as a
nation in that it does not have
becomes independent?
responsibility for matters of national
defence. The Scottish Government,
unlike those in other nations, is
(Written response to the National Conversation, August 2007)
unable to determine the levels of
spending on defence, or indeed how
8.22 Citizenship in an independent
much of that spending occurs in
Scotland will be based upon an
Scotland; it is unable to decide on
inclusive model. Many people in
whether our young men and women
Scotland have ties to the rest of the
are sent to participate in conflicts
United Kingdom, including familial,
such as the Iraq war; and Scotland is
social and economic connections. An
unable to decide whether or not
independent Scotland could
nuclear weapons are based on our
recognise the complex shared
territory. That is the defence status
history of Scotland and the United
quo for Scotland, with these issues
Kingdom by offering shared or dual
and others decided outwith Scotland.
citizenship. As a member of the
European Union, Scottish citizens
8.24 A central function of government is
would have free access across
to ensure the security of its citizens
Europe.
and to protect them, their property
and way of life against threats.
Governments also plan and act to
ensure that society can withstand
and react to major emergencies,
whether natural or man-made.
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8.25 Working to ensure the security of its 8.27 These challenges require a range of
citizens and protect their prosperity responses: traditional policing of
and way of life against internal and serious crime; the use of intelligence
external threats is a normal and and technology to assess threats;
natural function of government and planning for recovery from serious
one carried out effectively by every incidents; and appropriate military
other nation state in the European capabilities and partnerships. Such
Union. Other partner nations have practical measures should be
the full range of responsibilities complemented by core values, such
including defence, security and as respect for human rights and the
resilience, each of which plays an rule of law.
interlocking part in ensuring the
security of citizens. Current position
8.26 The security of any state can be 8.28 National security and defence are
threatened by hostile states, currently reserved, as are
terrorism and serious organised emergency powers.119 Other aspects
crime. Security is also affected by of security and resilience planning,
technological change, climate such as policing and local authority
change, migration, competition for contingency planning, are devolved.
resources and international poverty. In practice, there is considerable
Societies also need to be resilient to overlap in these functions. For
other risks, such as extreme example, although national security
weather, pandemic disease, utilities is reserved, Scottish Police forces,
failure, and industrial action. funded by and answerable to the
Scottish Parliament, implement
many aspects of counter-terrorism
strategy in Scotland. In the event of a
catastrophic emergency in Scotland,
the United Kingdom Government
would be able to impose emergency
regulations and a regional emergency
co-ordinator under reserved
emergency powers but the planning
would rely on devolved agencies
such as local authorities and NHS
health boards.
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Independence
8.36 Independence would give Scotland 8.37 There are a number of key tasks that
full responsibility for matters of similar nations undertake to support
defence, security and resilience, like these key objectives:
other nations. Independence would
allow Scotland to decide an • securing territorial integrity
approach to these issues that best • working with other nations to ensure
fits the national interest, based on regional security
internationally accepted objectives • developing partnerships with other
for defence and security policy: nations to support peace, build
confidence and stability in other
• to uphold national sovereignty and parts of Europe and the world
secure the territorial integrity of the • supporting agencies responsible for
country civil emergencies and security
• to secure internal security in the • responding to domestic and
face of threats and risks overseas threats to security
• in partnership with other nations, to • ensuring the nation is prepared to
help to prevent and resolve conflicts deal with any domestic emergency
and war anywhere in the world • ensuring appropriate and
• in partnership with other nations, to responsible care for veterans
further peaceful development in the
world with due respect for human There would be a range of choices
rights to be made for Scotland’s
independent defence and security
policy, including the size and cost of
Scotland’s defence capability,
international defence alliances and
its general approach to defence and
international affairs.
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8.39 Each of these defence options has developing the expertise and
opportunities and costs (although capability to play a full part in
current United Kingdom international efforts to address
Government defence spending in terrorism, and other threats, and
Scotland is proportionately lower respond to natural and man made
than in the rest on the United disasters, continuing the prominent
Kingdom – see Box 14), and there global role that Scots have played
are different models from similar over many years.
countries in Europe, and beyond.
Given the importance and Alliances
complexity of the issues involved, an
independent Scotland would require 8.42 An independent Scotland would
a strategic defence review to have choices regarding its
formulate and propose national membership of international
priorities for defence, and the longer alliances. For example, countries
term objectives and structure of such as Norway and Denmark are
Scotland’s armed forces. Similar members of NATO whereas
defence reviews have taken place at countries such as Finland and
a United Kingdom level. Ireland are not. Scotland, and this is
the stance favoured by the SNP,
8.40On accession to the Nuclear Non- could co-operate with international
Proliferation Treaty, an independent alliances such as NATO through its
Scotland would become a Non- Partnership for Peace programme
Nuclear Weapons State, taking on while not being a member.
the commitments of the treaty to
work for nuclear non-proliferation 8.43 Whatever the outcome of a strategic
and promote a nuclear weapon-free defence review, an independent
world. The United Kingdom’s nuclear Scotland's closest allies would
deterrent would not continue to be remain its current partners in the
based in an independent Scotland United Kingdom. Continued defence
and a Scottish Government would co-operation on training, basing and
need to work in partnership with the procurement arrangements would
rest of the United Kingdom to benefit both Scotland and the other
ensure an appropriate transition nations of the United Kingdom.
and relocation.
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CONCLUSION
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e p e n d e n t S c o t t is h
How will an inedlate to other governments
Government rations) across the current
(and organis om?
United Kingd
June 2009)
er Cabinet, 30
(Dundee Summ
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CHAPTER 9
A MODERN SCOTLAND
9.2 The Scottish Parliament and 9.4 These features of today’s Scotland
Government have taken a range of indicate the direction for an
decisions that have affected each independent Scotland: a modern
and every citizen of Scotland, and country where the democratic
have demonstrated that Scotland process provides transparency and
can govern itself effectively. The accountability. Independence for
Scottish Parliament and the Scottish Scotland would bring these
Government have both become advantages to the whole range of
central parts of Scottish life. People government activity, including all the
in Scotland routinely trust these key issues currently dealt with by
institutions more than their the United Kingdom Parliament and
Westminster counterparts, and look Government in their traditional way.
to them to make the decisions which
affect Scotland.128 9.5 Responsibility for decision making
within Scotland is shared between
9.3 Democracy in Scotland is central and local government based
underpinned by key principles such on mutual esteem and respect.
as power sharing and participation, Scotland should encourage a culture
which make Scottish governance of responsibility and independence
distinct from the rest of the United at all levels, with decisions being
Kingdom. The Scottish Parliament taken at the right level to reflect
provides genuine access for the specific local needs, as well as those
people, through the legislative of the nation as a whole.
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ELECTIONS
Current position
9.20 Responsibility for elections to 9.21 There are now four different
the House of Commons, the voting systems in use in Scotland.
European Parliament and the First past the post for United
Scottish Parliament is reserved; Kingdom Parliamentary elections;
responsibility for local the additional member system
government elections is (AMS) for elections to the
devolved, although the franchise Scottish Parliament; single
for these elections is reserved. transferrable vote (STV) for
local government elections; and
a closed party list system for
elections to the European
Parliament.
131
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
132
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
CONCLUSION
9.27 It has long been a part of Scottish 9.28 The sovereignty of the people of
constitutional tradition that the Scotland could be recognised legally
people of Scotland should be able to and constitutionally within the
decide their own constitutional United Kingdom if the Scottish
arrangements. However, the Scottish Parliament had full responsibility
Parliament does not currently have for determining its own functions
the responsibility for determining and role, as well as its structure and
the best way of governing the elections, consulting either or both
nation, as aspects of the constitution the Scottish people (by way of
are reserved to the United Kingdom. referendum) and the United
Kingdom Parliament. There are
precedents for such a model.
However, independence would
provide the Scottish people and
their Parliament with the fullest
responsibility for their own
government.
133
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
134
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
CHAPTER 10
135
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
136
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
138
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
139
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
ANNEX A
NATIONAL CONVERSATION EVENTS
DATE EVENT
14 August 2007 Launch of National Conversation and publication of Choosing
Scotland’s Future by First Minister Alex Salmond
11 December 2007 Deputy First Minister Nicola Sturgeon gave evidence to the
Europe and External Relations Committee of the Scottish
Parliament on the National Conversation
11 December 2007 First Minister delivered the Playfair lecture on Scotland, Europe
and the National Conversation
4 February 2008 First Minister Alex Salmond opened Scotland in the World at
the University of Aberdeen
26 March 2008 Phase 2 of the National Conversation launched with over 100
representatives of Scotland’s civic institutions at the University
of Edinburgh
1 April 2008 First Minister Alex Salmond at the University of Virginia in USA
140
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
DATE EVENT
7 August 2008 Young Scot meeting in Dumfries
10 September 2008 Minister for Schools and Skills Maureen Watt in Airdrie
10 November 2008 Deputy First Minister Nicola Sturgeon and Minister for
Parliamentary Business Bruce Crawford in Stornoway
12 November 2008 National Discussion Day at the Jam House in Edinburgh with
feedback from 5,000 Young Scots who completed online
questionnaires
19 January 2009 Cabinet Secretary for Justice Kenneth MacAskill and Minister
for Public Health and Sport Shona Robison in Dundee
23 March 2009 First Minister Alex Salmond, Cabinet Secretary for Finance and
Sustainable Growth John Swinney and Minister for Transport,
Infrastructure and Climate Change Stewart Stevenson in Arran
141
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
DATE EVENT
29 April 2009 Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs and the Environment
Richard Lochhead and Minister for Culture, External Affairs and
the Constitution Michael Russell in Jedburgh
13 May 2009 Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning Fiona
Hyslop and Minister for Parliamentary Business Bruce Crawford
in Stirling
18 May 2009 Council of Ethnic Minority Voluntary Organisations in Dundee,
hosted by Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Sustainable
Growth John Swinney and Minister for Parliamentary Business
Bruce Crawford
1 June 2009 Cabinet Secretary for Justice Kenny MacAskill and Minister for
Children and Early Years Adam Ingram in Kilmarnock
16 June 2009 Minister for Culture, External Affairs and the Constitution
Michael Russell and Minister for Schools and Skills Keith Brown
in Kirkcaldy
16 June 2009 First Minister Alex Salmond and Minister for Culture, External
Affairs and the Constitution Michael Russell in Livingston
22 June 2009 Council of Ethnic Minority Voluntary Organisations in
Aberdeen, hosted by Minister for Housing and Communities
Alex Neill and Minister for Environment Roseanna Cunningham
23 June 2009 Council of Ethnic Minority Voluntary Organisations in Inverness,
hosted by Minister for Housing and Communities Alex Neill and
Minister for Environment Roseanna Cunningham
29-30 June 2009 Scottish Cabinet meeting in Dundee, followed by National
Conversation event
27-28 July 2009 Scottish Cabinet meeting in Melrose, followed by National
Conversation event
3-4 August 2009 Scottish Cabinet meeting in Stornoway, followed by National
Conversation event
17-18 August 2009 Scottish Cabinet meeting in Aberdeen, followed by National
Conversation event
31 August – Scottish Cabinet meeting in Glasgow, followed by National
1 September 2009 Conversation Event
8 September 2009 Minister for Culture, External Affairs and the Constitution Michael
Russell launched Europe and Foreign Affairs paper in Brussels
142
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
DATE EVENT
14 September 2009 Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning Fiona
Hyslop and Minister for Community Safety Fergus Ewing in Paisley
28 September 2009 Minister for Culture, External Affairs and the Constitution
Michael Russell and Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and
Climate Change Stewart Stevenson in Haddington
28 September 2009 Minister for Culture, External Affairs and the Constitution
Michael Russell hosted Expressing and Exercising Scottish
Sovereignty seminar at the University of Edinburgh
30 September 2009 Council of Ethnic Minority Voluntary Organisations in Edinburgh,
hosted by First Minister Alex Salmond
5 October 2009 Minister for Community Safety Fergus Ewing and Minister for
Transport, Infrastructure and Climate Change Stewart
Stevenson in Oban
19 October 2009 Cabinet Secretary for Health and Wellbeing Nicola Sturgeon
and Minister for Schools and Skills Keith Brown in Hamilton
26 October 2009 Cabinet Secretary for Justice Kenneth MacAskill and Minister
for Housing and Communities Alex Neill in Dalkeith
2 November 2009 Video conference with Minister for Culture, External Affairs and
the Constitution Michael Russell and Minister for Schools and
Skills via University of the Highlands and Islands network,
linking Orkney, Shetland, Fort William, Thurso and Dingwall
9 November 2009 Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Sustainable Growth John Swinney
and Minister for Children and Early Years Adam Ingram in Ayr
9 November 2009 Minister for Culture, External Affairs and the Constitution
Michael Russell delivered lecture on the debate about
Scotland’s constitutional future at Constitution Unit, University
College London
16 November 2009 Cabinet Secretary for Justice Kenneth MacAskill and Minister
for Environment Roseanna Cunningham in Port Glasgow
19 November 2009 Minister for Children and Early Years Adam Ingram and Minister
for Housing and Communities Alex Neill in Bishopbriggs
24 November 2009 Scottish Council on Deafness, Glasgow, with Deputy First
Minister Nicola Sturgeon
In addition, the Minister for Enterprise, Energy and Tourism held 130 National
Conversation economy-based events with a wide variety of groups throughout
Scotland. 143
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
ANNEX B
ORGANISATIONS CONTRIBUTING TO
THE NATIONAL CONVERSATION
Many individuals and organisations have attended or been represented at
National Conversation events, including the following:
144
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
145
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
146
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
147
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
148
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
149
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
150
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
151
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
ENDNOTES
1 http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/
“We, gathered as the Scottish Constitutional
Convention, do hereby acknowledge the sovereign cm200809/cmls://s/142/09142.i-iv.html.
right of the Scottish people to determine the form
13
of Government best suited to their needs, and do http://allwalesconvention.org/?skip=1&lang=en.
hereby declare and pledge that in all our actions
14
and deliberations their interests shall be Independent Commission for Funding and Finance
paramount.” Owen Dudley Edwards, Claim of Right for Wales, Funding devolved government in Wales:
for Scotland (Polygon, 1989). Barnett & beyond (July 2009), http://wales.gov.uk/
icffw/home/report/firstreport/?lang=en.
2
The 1997 referendum offered three options to the
15
Scottish people: the status quo, a Parliament Scottish Government, The Scottish Government’s
without tax varying powers, and a Parliament with Response to the Recommendations of the
tax varying powers. Scottish Parliament, “The Path Commission on Scottish Devolution (November
to Devolution”, http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/ 2009), http://www.scotland.gov.uk/
vli/history/pathtodevolution/index.htm. Publications/2009/11/09152544/0.
3 16
See Scottish Government, Choosing Scotland’s Further details on many subjects can be found in
Future: A National Conversation – Independence the National Conversation policy papers listed at
and Responsibility in the Modern World (August paragraph 1.18, and on the National Conversation
2007), paragraphs 1.5 – 1.13, chapter 2 and Annex A website at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/ a-national-conversation.
08/13103747/0.
17
Scottish Government, Choosing Scotland’s Future
4 (August 2007), 4-5, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/
Department for Constitutional Affairs, Devolution
Guidance Note 10: Post-Devolution Primary Publications/2007/08/13103747/0.
Legislation affecting Scotland (last updated
18
November 2005), http://www.dca.gov.uk/ See Commission on Scottish Devolution, The Future
constitution/devolution/guidance/dgn10.pdf. of Scottish Devolution within the Union: A First
Report (December 2008), 60-64,
5 http://www.commissiononscottishdevolution.org.
See Scottish Government, “Move to close damages
loophole” 1 April 2009, http://www.scotland. uk/uploads/2008-12-01-vol-1-final--bm.pdf.
gov.uk/News/Releases/2009/04/01140512.
19
See Scottish Government, The Government
6 Economic Strategy (November 2007),
Scottish Government, Choosing Scotland’s Future
(August 2007), http://www.scotland.gov.uk/ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/
Publications/2007/08/13103747/0. 2007/11/12115041/0.
7 20
http://www.anationalconversation.com. See Scottish Government, The Government
Economic Strategy (November 2007),
8 http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/
Full details of the National Conversation are on
the National Conversation website: 2007/11/12115041/0.
www.anationalconversation.com.
21
See Scottish Government, The Government
9 Economic Strategy (November 2007),
http://www.scotland.gov.United Kingdom/
Topics/a-national-conversation/Tell-us/Blog. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/
2007/11/12115041/0.
10
HM Government, Building Britain’s Future,
22
http://www.hmg.gov.United Kingdom/ Approximately 70% of total identifiable public
buildingbritainsfuture.aspx. sector expenditure for Scotland in 2007/08 can be
loosely classified as ‘devolved expenditure’. See
11 Scottish Government, Government Expenditure
See POWER2010, http://www.power2010.org.uk/.
and Revenue Scotland 2007/08 (GERS 2007/08)
12
Constitutional Reform and Government Bill House (June 2009), Table 6.8, http://www.scotland.
of Commons, gov.uk/Publications/2009/06/18101733/0.
152
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
23 31
It is estimated that a one pence change in the SVR See Jim Cuthbert and Margaret Cuthbert, Open
would be worth approximately plus or minus Letter to the Calman Commission: Technical
£350 million in 2009/10 and £360 million in 2010/11. Failings in the Calman Proposals on Income Tax,
HM Treasury Budget 2009, http:www.hm-treasury. 16 July 2009, http://www.cuthbert1.pwp.
gov.uk/bud_bud_09_index.htm. blueyonder.co.uk/; The Scotsman, “Long-term
planning is threatened by report”, 17 June 2009,
24
Scottish Government, Borrowing Powers: http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/opinion/
Information to be shared with the Calman Longterm-planning-is-threatened-by.5371689.jp;
Commission (March 2009), http://www.scotland. The Scotsman, “Calman panel member warns of
gov.uk/Topics/a_national_conversation. 'disastrous' tax changes”, 21 June 2009,
http://news.scotsman.com/latestnews/Calman-
25
Bank of England, Monetary Policy Framework, panel-member-warns-of.5386447.jp.
http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/
32
monetarypolicy/framework.htm. For a discussion of full devolution see Scottish
Government, Fiscal Autonomy in Scotland: The
26
For example, the Scottish Government believes case for change and options for reform (February
that the £12 billion cost of reducing VAT to 15% 2009), http://www.scotland.gov.uk/
announced by the Chancellor at the 2008 pre- Publications/2009/02/23092643/0.
budget report, would have been better spent on
33
increasing net investment. Scottish Government See, for example, Andrew Hughes-Hallett et al,
analysis has shown that the net effect in terms of Options for Scotland’s Future – the Economic
jobs would have been greater. Dimension (David Hume Institute occasional paper
no. 80, November 2008), http://www.davidhume
27
Scottish Government, Fiscal Autonomy in institute.com/DHI%20Website/publications/hop/
Scotland: The case for change and options for HOP%2080.pdf, and Reform Scotland, Powers for
reform (February 2009), Growth (March 2008), http://www.reformscotland.
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/ com/index.php/publication/view_details/17/.
2009/02/23092643/0.
34
Reform Scotland, Fiscal Powers (2nd edition)
28
GERS 2007/08. (October 2009), http://www.reformscotland.com/
include/publications/fiscal_powers_2nd_edition.pdf.
29
For example, the Norwegian Government
35
announced in January 2009 that it would use a See Scottish Government, Fiscal Autonomy: The
proportion of its oil wealth to fund a £2 billion case for change and options for reform (February
fiscal stimulus package. In contrast to other 2009), 25-31, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/
countries, Norway has been able to implement Publications/2009/02/23092643/0.
these measures without relying on large increases
36
in government borrowing. The Norwegian Scottish Government, Borrowing Powers:
Government projects that it will run a budget Information to be shared with the Calman
surplus of 7.4 % of mainland GDP in 2009, higher Commission (March 2009), http://www.scotland.
than any other country in Europe. See Scottish gov.uk/Topics/a_national_conversation.
Government, An Oil Fund for Scotland: Taking
37
forward our National Conversation (July 2009), 26, Paul Krugman, “Growth on the periphery: Second
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/ winds for industrial regions?”, The Allander Series,
07/28112701/0. University of Strathclyde Business School (2003),
http://www.strath.ac.uk/media/departments/
30
Commission on Scottish Devolution, Serving economics/fairse/media_140850_en.pdf, and
Scotland Better: Scotland and the United Kingdom in C. Paul Hallwood and Ronald MacDonald,
the 21st Century, Final Report (June 2009), 86-110, The Political Economy of Financing Scottish
http://www.commisionscottishdevolution.org.uk/. Government: Considering a New Constitutional
Settlement for Scotland (Studies in Fiscal
Federalism and State-Local Finance) (Edward
Elgar Publishing, 2009).
153
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
38 45
Council of Economic Advisers, minutes of Scottish The Economist, “Where economics went wrong”
meeting, 2009, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/ 16 July 2009.
Topics/Economy/Council-Economic-Advisers/
46
Meetings/2009-meetings/2009-meeting. Mervyn King, speech to the CBI Dinner, Nottingham,
20 January 2009, http://www.bankofengland.co.
39
HM Treasury, Financial stability, uk/publications/speeches/2009/speech372.pdf.
http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/
47
fin_finstability_index.htm. Scottish Government, Quarterly Gross Domestic
Product for Scotland and the UK (updated
40
Scottish Government, The Hypothetical Scottish October 2009), http://www.scotland.gov.uk/
Shares of Revenues and Expenditures from the Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy/GDP, and HM
United Kingdom Continental Shelf 2000-2013 Treasury, Public Finance Databank (updated
(June 2008), http://www.scotland.gov.uk/ October 2009), http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/
Publications/2008/06/UKContinentalShelfRevenue, psf_statistics.htm.
and Alexander G. Kemp and Linda Stephen,
48
Expenditures and Revenues from the UKCS – HM Treasury, Reforming financial markets (July
Estimating the hypothetical Scottish Shares 1970- 2009), http://www.hm-treasury.gov.
2005 (North Sea Study Occasional Paper no. 70, UnitedKingdom/reforming_financial_markets.htm.
Department of Economics, University of Aberdeen,
49
1999); The Economist, “History repeats itself” Bloomberg, “Fortis gets ¤11.2 billion rescue from
20 June 2008. governments” 28 September 2009,
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=206
41
When a geographical share of North Sea revenues 01087&sid=ahlKDjeO0Lik&refer=home.
is included. See GERS 2007/08,
50
See Scottish Government, An Oil Fund for
42
OECD Economic Outlook, Number 84, November Scotland: Taking forward our National
2008. Conversation (July 2009),
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/
43
Scottish Government, Fiscal Autonomy in Scotland, 2009/07/28112701/0.
(February 2009) http://www.scotland.gov.uk/
51
Publications/2009/02/23092643/0, 18; House of Scottish Government, An Oil Fund for Scotland,
Commons Library, The Barnett Formula, research (July 2009) 27,
paper 07/91 (December 2007); Independent http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/
Commission on Funding & Finance for Wales, 07/28112701/0.
Funding devolved government in Wales: Barnett &
52
beyond (July 2009), http://wales.gov.uk/icffw/ Commission on Scottish Devolution, Serving
home/report/firstreport/?lang=en; Hansard HC Scotland Better: Scotland and the United Kingdom
vol. 497 col. 292283 (Secretary of State for in the 21st Century, Final Report (June 2009),
Scotland on Barnett formula, 14 October 2009), 94 – 96. http://www.commissionscottishdevolution.
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ org.uk/.
cm200809/cmhansrd/cm091014/debtext/
53
91014-0002.htm#09101435000038; House of Commission on Scottish Devolution, Evidence from
Lords, Select Committee on the Barnett Formula, the Independent Expert Group to the Commission
The Barnett Formula: Report with Evidence (July on Scottish Devolution: Natural Resource Taxation
2009), HL Paper 139, http://www.publications. and Scottish Devolution (June 2009), 12 – 13.
parliament.uk/pa/ld/ldbarnett.htm. http://www.commissionscottishdevolution.
org.uk/.
44
Ministry of Justice, Securing the Future: Proposals
54
for the efficient and sustainable use of custody in See Scottish Government, The Government
England and Wales (December 2007), Economic Strategy (November 2007),
http://www.justice.gov.uk/publications/securing- http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/
the-future.htm. 2007/11/12115041/0.
154
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
55 65
See Scottish Consumer Council written response CBI, United Kingdom Business Tax: A Compelling
to the National Conversation (February 2008), Case for Change (2008), http://www.cbi.org.uk/
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/a-national- pdf/taxsection01.pdf.
conversation/NC-contributions-inds-org.
66
Office for National Statistics, Labour Force Survey,
56
Scottish Government, The Government Economic http://www.statistics.gov.uk/Cci/nscl.asp?
Strategy (November 2007), section B.1 Growth ID=6621; GERS 2007/08.
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/
67
11/12115041/0. GERS 2007/08.
57 68
Commission on Scottish Devolution, Serving Office for National Statistics, Workforce Jobs,
Scotland Better: Scotland and the United Kingdom http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/
in the 21st Century, Final Report (June 2009), 6. Analysis.asp?vlnk=132&More=Y.
http://www.commissionscottishdevolution.org.uk/.
69
Scottish Government, Annual Population Survey in
58
Commission on Scottish Devolution, Serving Scotland 2007: A Compendium of Labour Market
Scotland Better: Scotland and the United Kingdom Statistics (June 2008),
in the 21st Century, Final Report (June 2009), http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/
173-174. http://www.commissionscottish 06/25095306/0.
devolution.org.uk/.
70
Scottish Government, Scotland’s Global Connections
59
Commission on Scottish Devolution, Serving 2007 (March 2009),
Scotland Better: Scotland and the United Kingdom http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/
in the 21st Century, Final Report (June 2009), 209. Statistics/Browse/Economy/Exports/GCSData.
http://www.commissionscottishdevolution.org.uk/.
71
Scottish Government, Scottish Annual Business
60
See the Educational Institute of Scotland response Statistics 2007 (updated August 2009),
to the National Conversation (May 2008), http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/a-national- 16170/4363.
conversation/NC-contributions-inds-org.
72
Scottish Enterprise, Energy Baseline Study (2009).
61
Brian Ashcroft and David Bell, The Key to
73
Economic Success in Scotland (Policy Institute, Scottish Government, The Strategy for the
2007), http://policyinstitute.info/research- Financial Services Industry in Scotland, Annual
publications/economy/the-key-to-economic- Report 2009 (May 2009), http://www.scotland.
success-in-scotland. gov.uk/Publications/2009/05/27091345/0.
62 74
See Scottish Consumer Council written response to Scottish Government, Scottish Annual Business
the National Conversation (February 2008) and Statistics 2007 (updated August 2009),
Scottish Competition Law Forum written response http://www.scotland.gov.uk/
to the National Conversation (September 2008), Topics/Statistics/16170/4363.
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/a-national-
75
conversation/NC-contributions-.hds-org. Scottish Government, Food and Drink Key Sector
Report (October 2009), http://www.scotland.
63
Scottish Government, Scotland’s Global Connections gov.uk/Publications/2009/10/23153824/0.
2007 (March 2009), http://www.scotland.gov.uk/
76
Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy/Exports/ Visit Scotland, Tourism in Scotland 2008 (2009),
GCSData. http://www.visitscotland.org/research_and_
statistics/national_facts_and_figures.htm.
64
KPMG Government Services, Administrative
Burdens: HMRC Measurement Project (March 2006),
http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/better-regulation/
kpmg1.pdf.
155
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
77 85
Scottish Government, Scottish Annual Business For example, in 2007 there were 310 persons of
Statistics 2007, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/ pensionable age to 1,000 persons of working. This
Topics/Statistics/16170/4363; Scottish ratio is projected to increase to 399 by 2031.
Government, Scottish Global Connections 2007 General Register Office Scotland, Population
(March 2009), Projections Scotland: Population projections by
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/ sex, age and administrative area (revised October
Browse/Economy/Exports/GCSData. (Creative 2008), http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/
industries cannot be precisely defined using publications-and-data/popproj/06pop-proj-
standard industrial codes. For details of approach scottishareas/index.html.
used to track the sector see Annex A1, Mapping
86
the Creative Industries to official data General Register Office Scotland, Population
classifications, http://www.culture.gov.uk/ Projections Scotland (2008-based) (revised
images/research/Creative_Industries_Economic October 2009), http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/
_Estimates_Jan_09.pdf.) statistics/publications-and-data/popproj/
projected-population-of-scotland-2008-based/
78
Derived from Scottish Enterprise database of life index.html.
science companies, http://www.scottish-
87
enterprise.com/life_sciences_sector.htm. Scottish Broadcasting Commission, Platform for
Success: Final report of the Scottish Broadcasting
79
QS, The QS World University Rankings 2007, Commission (September 2008), 40-45,
http://www.topuniversities.com/university- http://www.scottishbroadcastingcommission.gov.
rankings/world-university-rankings/2009/results. uk/about/Final-Report.
80 88
Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA), Scottish Government, Opportunities for
http://www.hesa.ac.uk/index.php. Broadcasting: Taking forward our National
Conversation (September 2009), 17.
81
Scottish Government, Metrics for the Scottish http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/
Research Base (modified March 2009), 09/23125613/0.
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-
89
Industry/science/16607/research-1. This subject was discussed at the National
Conversation event in Melrose on 28 July 2009.
82
OECD Directorate for Education, Education at a See http://www.anationalconversation.com.
Glance 2009: OECD Indicators,
90
http://www.oecd.org/document/9/0,3343,en_ Scottish Government, Poverty and income
2649_39263238_41266761_1_1_1_1,00.html. inequality in Scotland: 2007/08 (May 2009),
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/
83
Standard and Poor's, “Spain's Basque Country 2009/05/povertyfigures0708.
Affirmed At 'AAA' And Off CreditWatch On
91
Unique Fiscal Autonomy/Robust Finances; Department of Work and Pensions, Households
Outlook Stable” (January 2009), Below Average Income: An analysis of the income
http://www.euskadi.net/r33-2734/eu/ distribution, 1994/95 – 2007/08 (May 2009),
contenidos/nota_prensa/standard_aaa/eu_st_aaa http://research.dwp.gov.uk/asd/hbai/hbai2008/
/adjuntos/03.Standard.pdf; Isabelle Joumard and pdf_files/full_hbai09.pdf; European Commission,
Aristomène Varoudakis, “Options for Reforming Employment and social policy indicators: Indicators
the Spanish Tax System” OECD Economics of the social inclusion strand (last updated April
Department Working Papers 249, OECD Economics 2009), http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/
Department (2000), http://ideas.repec.org/p/ page/portal/employment_and_social_policy_
oec/ecoaaa/249-en.html. indicators/omc_social_inclusion_and_social_prot
ection/social_inclusion_strand.
84
See Scottish Government, The Government
92
Economic Strategy (November 2007), See, for example, Jonathan Bradshaw, ‘Child
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/ Poverty and Child Outcomes’, Children and
2007/11/12115041/0. Society, vol. 16, issue 2 (April 2002), 131-140;
Scottish Government, Estimating the Cost of Child
Poverty in Scotland – Approaches and Evidence
156
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
157
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
111 119
Scotland Act 1998, schedule 5, section G2; section Scotland Act 1998, schedule 5, part I, s.9(1);
J1-J5, http://www.opsi.gov.uk/Acts/acts1998/ Scotland Act 1998, schedule 5, part II, section B8;
ukpga_19980046_en_1; see also Scottish Scotland Act 1998, schedule 5, part II, section B10,
Government, Choosing Scotland’s Future Annex A: http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1998/ukpga_
Reservations in the Scotland Act 1998, 19980046_en_1.
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/
120
2007/08/13103747/0. Commission on Scottish Devolution, Serving
Scotland Better: Scotland and the United Kingdom
112
Scottish Government, Communities and People: in the 21st Century, Final Report (June 2009), 62,
Taking Forward our National Conversation http://www.commissionscottishdevolution.org.uk/.
(November 2009), http://www.scotland.
121
gov.uk/Topics/a-national-conversation/ Commission on Scottish Devolution, Serving
NC-contributions-inds-org. Scotland Better: Scotland and the United Kingdom
in the 21st Century, Final Report (June 2009), 124,
113
Commission on Scottish Devolution, Serving http://www.commissionscottishdevolution.org.uk/.
Scotland Better: Scotland and the United Kingdom
122
in the 21st Century, Final Report (June 2009), See, for example, Scottish Government, Choosing
recommendation 5.13, 187 – 188; recommendation Scotland’s Future (August 2007), 3, 8-9,
5.14, 188 – 190; recommendation 5.15, 190 – 191; and http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2007/
recommendation 5.16, 191 – 192, 08/13103747/0.
http://www.commissionscottishdevolution.org.uk/.
123
Scotland Act 1998, ss. 56-57.
114
Scottish Parliament official report, 18 December
124
2008, http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/ Ministry of Justice, Governance of Britain – War
business/officialReports/meetingsParliament/ Powers and Treaties: Limiting Executive Power
or-08/sor1218-01.htm; Scottish Government, (October 2007 – March 2008),
Scotland’s Road Safety Framework to 2020 http://www.justice.gov.uk/consultations/
(June 2009), http://www.scotland.gov.uk/ cp2607.htm.
Publications/2009/06/08103221/0.
125
HM Treasury, Public Expenditure Statistical
115
Commission on Scottish Devolution, Serving Analyses 2009 (July 2009), Table 4.2, ‘Public
Scotland Better: Scotland and the United Kingdom sector expenditure on services by function, 1987-
in the 21st Century, Final Report (June 2009), 193, 88 to 2009-09’, 66, http://www.hm-treasury.
http://www.commissionscottishdevolution.org.uk/. gov.uk/pespub_pesa09.htm.
116 126
See Commission on Scottish Devolution, Serving See Hansard HC Deb, 9 September 2009, c
Scotland Better: Scotland and the United Kingdom 2000W and HC Deb, 22 October 2009, c 1634W;
in the 21st Century, Final Report (June 2009), Part 4: GERS 2006/07, Table 6.4: http://www.scotland.
Strengthening Co-operation, gov.uk/Resource/Doc/228544/0061858.pdf.
http://www.commissionscottishdevolution.org.uk/.
127
Ministry of Defence, UK Defence Statistics 2009
117
Scottish Government, Europe and Foreign Affairs: (September 2009), Table 2.2, ‘Location of service
Taking forward our National Conversation and personnel in the United Kingdom’, 51,
(September 2009), http://www.scotland.gov. http://www.dasa.mod.uk/modintranet/UKDS/
uk/Publications/2009/09/08143726/0. UKDS2009/pdf/UKDS2009.pdf.
118 128
See Scottish Government, Europe and Foreign Scottish Government, Scottish Social Attitudes
Affairs: Taking forward our National Conversation Survey 2007 Core Module Report 1: Attitudes to
(September 2009), Annex A – Membership of Government in Scotland (May 2008),
International Organisations and Ministries of http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/
Foreign Affairs, 2008/05/16095134/13.
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/
09/08143726/0.
158
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
129 131
Scottish Office, Shaping Scotland’s Parliament: Scottish Government, Scottish Social Attitudes
Report of the Consultative Steering Group on the Survey 2007 Core Module Report 1: Attitudes to
Scottish Parliament (December 1998), Government in Scotland (May 2008),
http://www.scotland.gov.United Kingdom/library/ http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2008/
documents-w5/rcsg-00.htm. 05/16095134/13.
130
Electoral Commission, Scottish Elections 2007: The
independent review of the Scottish Parliament and
local government elections 3 July 2007 (October
2007), http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/
document-summary?assetid=13223.
159
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A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
161
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
“
Scotland’s achievements for housing since
devolution in 1999 are significant. I am
proud to serve in a Government, which,
alongside our partners in local government
and beyond, is part of this dynamic shift.
But current constitutional arrangements
mean that crucial barriers to our progress
still remain, with key issues like taxation,
social security benefits and financial and
business regulation remaining reserved to
Westminster. We need responsibility for all
policy areas impacting on housing to
deliver the homes and communities that
Scotland needs and deserves. Independence
can bring about this vital change.
163
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
164
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
”
Minister for Enterprise,
Energy and Tourism
165
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
166
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
”
Minister for Transport,
Infrastructure, and Climate Change
167
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
“
To create the sort of country of which we can all
be proud to be a part, we need an education
system within which our children and young
people will be equipped to succeed personally,
socially and economically in the modern world.
This goes beyond education. For example, aspects
of the UK tax credit and benefits system impact
directly on the lives of some of Scotland’s most
vulnerable children and young people, such as
those with disabilities. Constitutional reform will
allow us to fully align all of Scotland’s public
service systems to work with the third sector,
communities and parents to help enable current
and future generations to thrive.
”
Minister for Schools and Skills
168
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
169
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
170
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
“
This Government has recently published the Early Years
Framework, making clear our commitment to supporting
children and their families.
”
Minister for Children
and Early Years
171
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
”
Minister for Community Safety
172
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
173
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
“
nd’s
ent is part of Scotla
Our natural environm
character. It sustains
unique and distinct d
, supports families an
businesses and jobs d
od on our plates an
communities, puts fo ec on omic
l for sustainable
offers huge potentia is
sure it contributes th
growth. We could en he lp ful
we didn’t have un
and so much more if
ns and actions.
limits on our ambitio
174
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
175
A National Conversation – YOUR SCOTLAND, YOUR VOICE
176
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