PROJECT

IN
SCIENCE

Submitted by:
Rovie Mark Y. Lopez
Grade 6- Juan Luna

Submitted to:
Mr. Bernardino N. Libao
CLASSIFICATION
OF
ANIMALS
 The Vertebrates

A vertebrate is an animal that has a backbone

and a skeleton. Vertebrate animals include
humans. When you think about vertebrates,
think about bones: this word has to do with
animals that have a lot of bones, in the form of
a skeleton. It especially refers to animals with a
backbone, which protects their spinal cord.
 To identify an animal as a fish, it should have these characteristics:
 Fish live in water.

 Fish have a backbone. They are vertebrates.

 Fish breathe using gills. They absorb oxygen through the gills.
 Almost all fish are cold-blooded.
 Some fish have scales.
 To identify an animal as a reptile, it should have these characteristics:
 All reptiles have a backbone, which means they are vertebrates.

 All reptiles produce eggs. Most reptiles lay hard-shelled eggs, but a few give birth to live
young. I bd
 All reptiles have scales or scutes.
 Reptiles are ectothermic or cold-blooded, which means they cannot control their own body
temperature
 To identify an animal as a mammal, it should have these characteristics:
 Mammary Glands. Mammals got their name from this evolutionary adaptation.
 Hair.
 Middle Ear Bones.
 Sweat Glands.
 Temperature Regulation.

To identify an animal as a mammal, it should have these characteristics:

* Feathers! All birds have feathers.

* Birds have a backbone. They are vertebrates.
* All birds are warm-blooded. They can regulate their body temperature.
* Female birds lay eggs.
* Birds have wings, but not all birds use them to fly.
To identify an animal as a mammal, it should have these characteristics:

* Amphibians have a backbone.

* Amphibians are cold-blooded.
* Amphibians spend at least part of their lives in water and on land.
* Amphibians do not have scales and their skin is permeable (molecules and gases can pass
through).
 The Invertebrates

Invertebrates are animals that do not have a

backbone. Invertebrates are cold-blooded; their
body temperature depends on the temperature
of their environment.
Some major groups of invertebrates include:
Protozoans - Very primitive, simple animals like
amoebas
Some of the Metazoa - Porifera (sponges),
jellyfish, corals, tapeworms, flukes, insects,
arachnids, crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms,
etc.
 Characteristics
 Exoskeleton.

 Segmented Bodies.
 Jointed Appendages.
 Bilateral Symmetry.
 Open circulatory System.

To identify an insect, it should have these characteristics:

 An exoskeleton.
 Three main body parts: head, thorax, and abdomen.
 Pair of antennae on top of their heads.
 Three pairs of legs.
 Two pairs of wings.

Characteristics:

 No antennae, claws, or wings, but instead have mandibles : structures for biting and chewing
prey.
 Eight appendages.
 A fused head and thorax, called a cephalothorax.
Characteristics of Crustaceans:

Crustaceans include commonly-known marine life such as crabs, lobsters,

barnacles and shrimp.
All crustaceans have a hard exoskeleton, which protects the animal from predators
and prevents water loss
Characteristics:

Centipedes are flexible, dorsoventrally flattened arthropods. Millipedes belong to Class

Diplopoda and are more rigid arthropods distinguishable by their subcylindrical shape.
Centipedes have one pair of legs per body segment, while millipedes have two pairs.
Characteristics:

Despite their amazing diversity, all molluscs share some unique characteristics that define their
body plan. The body has a head, a foot and a visceral mass. This is all covered with a mantle
(also known as a pallium) that typically secretes the shell.
 General Characteristics of Porifera
 Poriferans are commonly called sponges.

 These are multicellular organisms which are sessile/sedentary in nature.

 Most of them are marine while a few are fresh water forms.
 Body is cylindrical, asymmetrical or has radial symmetry.
Characteristics of Echinoderms
Echinoderms are characterized by radial symmetry, several arms (5 or more, mostly grouped 2
left - 1 middle - 2 right) radiating from a central body (= pentamerous). The body actually
consists of five equal segments, each containing a duplicate set of various internal organs.
 PROJECT
IN
SCIENCE

Submitted by:
Trixie N. Amiller
Grade 6- Antonio Luna

Submitted to:
Mr. Bernardino N. Libao
CLASSIFICATION
OF
ANIMALS
 The Vertebrates

Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone or

spinal column, also called vertebrae. These
animals include fish, birds, mammals,
amphibians, and reptiles. Vertebrates are
classified by the chordate subphylum vertebrata.
Characteristics:

Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked

jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a
strong yet lightweight skeleton.
Characteristics:

Fish live in the water and breathe by absorbing oxygen through their gills. Fish are cold-
blooded animals.
 REPTILES

Characteristics:
The first and foremost characteristic of the reptiles is that are cold blooded. They are able to
regulate their inner body temperature to the temperature of the environment. They have scaly
skins but absence of hair or fur. The scales of the reptiles develop as a surface cells filled with
Keratin.
Characteristics:
* Amphibians have a backbone. ...
* Amphibians are cold-blooded. ...
* Amphibians spend at least part of their lives in water and on land.
* Amphibians do not have scales and their skin is permeable (molecules and gases can pass
through).
Characteristics:

* Are vertebrates (which means they have a backbone or spine).

* Are endothermic. Also known as “warm-blooded,” endothermic animals regulate their own body
temperate which allows them to live in almost every climate on Earth.
 The Invertebrates

Invertebrates are animals that neither possess

nor develop a vertebral column, derived from
the notochord. This includes all animals apart
from the subphylum Vertebrata.
 Characteristics
 Exoskeleton.

 Segmented Bodies.
 Jointed Appendages.
 Bilateral Symmetry.
 Open circulatory System.
Characteristics:

Insects are cold blooded and have six legs, three main body parts and an exoskeleton. Insects also
lay eggs and many have four wings.
Characteristics;

No antennae, claws, or wings, but instead have mandibles : structures for biting and chewing prey.
• Eight appendages.
• A fused head and thorax, called a cephalothorax.
Characteristics:

Crustaceans include commonly-known marine life such as crabs, lobsters, barnacles and shrimp.
All crustaceans have a hard exoskeleton, which protects the animal from predators and prevents
water loss.
Characteristics:

Centipedes are flexible, dorsoventrally flattened arthropods. Millipedes belong to Class Diplopoda
and are more rigid arthropods distinguishable by their subcylindrical shape. Centipedes have one
pair of legs per body segment, while millipedes have two pairs.
Characteristics:

Despite their amazing diversity, all molluscs share some unique characteristics that define their
body plan. The body has a head, a foot and a visceral mass. This is all covered with a mantle (also
known as a pallium) that typically secretes the shell.
Characteristics:

Poriferans are commonly called sponges.

• These are multicellular organisms which are sessile/sedentary in nature.
• Most of them are marine while a few are fresh water forms.
 ECHINODERMS

Characteristics:

The body actually consists of five equal segments, each

containing a duplicate set of various internal organs.