Deliverable2 Report Gisc9318 VF

INTRODUCTION TO ARCGIS SPATIAL ANALYST
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MARCH 2019
Introduction to ArcGIS Spatial Analyst

Extension
March 2019
Prepared by: Mireya

Mosquera
For Class: GISC9318– Spatial
Analysis – Statistics
Mireya Mosquera P. (614 Lake Street, St. Catharines, ON, L2N 6P6) Picture Retrieved:
mmosquerapatino@gmail.com
http://clear.uconn.edu
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Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... II
2. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA .................................................................. 1
3. DATA RECOGNITION AND PREPARATION .................................................................................... 3
3.1 TIN CREATION ............................................................................................................................................5
3.2 RASTER CREATION .......................................................................................................................................5
3.3 HILLSHADE RASTER CREATION ...............................................................................................................6
3.4 SLOPE RASTER CREATION ..........................................................................................................................6
3.5 ASPECT RASTER CREATION .......................................................................................................................6
4. RECLASSIFICATION .............................................................................................................................. 7
5. WEIGHTED OVERLAY ANALYSIS AND MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION (MCE) .................. 8
5.1 MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION MODEL DIAGRAM .....................................................................11
6. FUZZY OVERLAY ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................. 12
7. COMPARISON AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................... 16
8. RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 17
9. WORKS CITED ............................................................................................................................................ 18
FIGURE 1: AREA OF INTEREST - GLENDALE CAMPUS ..................................................................................................................2

FIGURE 2: MOST SUITABLE SPOTS USING MCE FOR FERN ...........................................................................................................9
FIGURE 3: MCE MODEL DIAGRAM ......................................................................................................................................11
FIGURE 4: FUZZY MODEL DIAGRAM .....................................................................................................................................15
FIGURE 5: TIN MAP .........................................................................................................................................................20
FIGURE 6: RASTER - GLENDALE CAMPUS .............................................................................................................................21
FIGURE 7: HILLSHADE - GLENDALE CAMPUS .......................................................................................................................22
FIGURE 8: SLOPE-GLENDALE CAMPUS.................................................................................................................................23
FIGURE 9: ASPECT - GLENDALE CAMPUS .............................................................................................................................24
FIGURE 10: SOILS - GLENDALE CAMPUS ..............................................................................................................................25
FIGURE 11: RECLASSIFIED HILLSHADE - GLENDALE CAMPUS ......................................................................................................26
FIGURE 12: RECLASSIFIED SLOPE - GLENDALE CAMPUS ............................................................................................................27
FIGURE 13: RECLASSIFIED ASPECT - GLENDALE CAMPUS ..........................................................................................................28
FIGURE 14: RECLASSIFIED SOILS - GLENDALE CAMPUS .............................................................................................................29
FIGURE 15: SUITABLE SPOT - MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS .........................................................................................................30
TABLE 1: NEW VALUES FOR RECLASSIFICATION – WEIGHTED OVERLAY ANALYSIS.............................................................................7

TABLE 2: NEW VALUES FOR RECLASSIFICATION - FUZZY ANALYSIS...............................................................................................12
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Mireya Mosquera P. (614 Lake Street, St. Catharines, ON, L2N 6P6)
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Technical Memorandum
Project: Deliverable # 2 Introduction to ArcGIS Spatial Analyst Extension
Client: Ian D. Smith, B.Sc., R.P. Bio Prepared By: Mireya Mosquera, B.Sc.
Suitability Analysis of the Osmunda Jiangensis Fern (Jiang’s Fabulous Fictitious Fern)
Subject:
Date: March 8, 2019 Deliverable 2 – GISC9318
1. INTRODUCTION
As described on the terms of reference of this deliverable, the Osmunda Jiangensi fern, also
known as Jiang’s Fabulous Fictitious Fern it is no longer found in the areas it was once known to
be copious. That is why The Niagara College horticultural group with the help of the
environmental restoration group had the precaution to collect samples of the fern to reproduce
them and eventually replant them within the campus area. Currently, the fern is 100% ready to
be replanted and this is why the person in charge of this project, Mr. Ian Smith (expert biologist
on fern species such as Osmunda and part of the Non-Governmental Organization “Save the
Ferns”), sees the need to hire expert geographers analysts who can guide him in determining the
most suitable spots or areas for the reintroduction of this species. (Smith I. D., 2019)
For this, it was requested to use ArcGIS software and to undertake two different methods: Multi
– Criteria Evaluation and Fuzzy Overlay analysis as well. Once the analysis is done and finished, it
is going to be able to see through maps, the spots where the fern is more likely to thrive and
grow. (Smith I. D., 2019)
At the end of the report, an appendix will be found with several maps of each and every one of
the processes carried out.
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2. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA
The study area of this analysis is in the vicinity of the Niagara College Glendale Campus.
This area is largely composed of urban infrastructure such as campus buildings, parking lots,
offices, among others. But it also has an important area of agricultural type (vineyards) and the
most important area to highlight (for reasons of the study itself) the forest area of the Niagara
Escarpment.
The Niagara Escarpment is an area of great ecological value since it is known that it is a world
biosphere reserve. It is the housing of several and different species of flora and fauna. It has
great growing conditions (the main fruit – plant growing area of Ontario) and serves as a great
water supply. (Yeung, 2013)
Therefore, this portion of the escarpment that is in the surroundings of the campus, is very
important since, at first sight, it gives us a general vision of where undoubtedly the most suitable
place for the replantation of the species will be found. Obviously, an exhaustive analysis must be
carried out based on the use of the recommended methodologies.
Below a general location of the study area can be found in figure 1 (Figure 1: Area of Interest -
Glendale Campus) of this report.
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Figure 1: Area of Interest - Glendale Campus
In the figure, you can see the different types of areas that composed the AOI, such as urban,
agricultural and the escarpment. It also gives a general idea of the size of the study area, in this
case, it is 200 ha. approximately.
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3. DATA RECOGNITION AND PREPARATION
It is important to keep in mind that, according to the doctor's Robert J. Botany studies (the
discoverer of the species) the plant requires of specific characteristics so that it can grow and
thrive properly. The most important ones and those that will be considered for this first part of
the study and analysis are shade, slope, aspect, and types of soil.
For the shading variable, the following should be taken into account:
- 0 - 195 (will not grow),
- 195 - 235 (will thrive),
- 235 - 255 (will not grow).
Likewise, for slope should be considered the following:

- 0° - 20° (no growth),
- 20° - 65° (sparse to full growth),
- 65° - 90° (no growth).
For aspect, the following should be considered:

- 247° - 360° (will grow).
And finally, for types of soil, the following should be considered:

- Escarpment soils are best suited,
- Toledo and Cashel soils are reasonably well suited,
- Beverley, Peel, Haldimand, and Lincoln clays are not at all suited,
- Areas not mapped are urbanized and thus not suitable.
In terms of reference, it is mentioned that there are 110 ferns to be planted and that they need
an area of 4x4 m2, that is, each fern needs 16m2. So, it is concluded that, at least, a suitable area
of 1760 m2 must be found for this species to live. (Smith I. D., 2019)
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The raw data was provided by Niagara College which in turn obtained the data from the Ontario
Ministry of Natural Resources. These data are the result of a digital orthoimagery collection
exercise of April / May 2002, and it was found in shapefiles format. These files are composed of
contour lines and mass points with elevation information of the site, and a shapefile with the
type of soil information. We were also provided with an IKONOS satellite image of the area.
As part of the preparation and organization of data to then proceed to perform the processes for
the analysis, first, it must be observed if all the information was in the same geographic
coordinate system and projection.
At first glance, it could be determined that one of the shapefiles (soil data) was in another
projection since it was moved with respect to the other data. It was searched in the properties of
the shape and it was seen that it was in NAD 27 UTM Zone 17N.
All the other data were in NAD 83 UTM Zone 17N (projection that is normally used in the
province of Ontario), so this single shapefile was reprojected to the appropriate one (NAD 83
UTM Zone 17N).
To perform this transformation, the Arc Toolbox in ArcMap was used. Under Data Management
Tools, Projections and Transformations within Feature, the Project tool was used.
After performing this transformation, still the polygon was moved, so with the IKONOS image as
a base, the polygon was manually dragged down so that the Escarpment soil type was aligned
with the actual physical location of the escarpment on the satellite image.
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Since two pairs of contour line and mass point shapes existed, it was decided to use the merge
tool, in order to have only one shape for contours and one for points. This was done with the
help of the Merge tool that can be found in the Data Management tool under the General tab.
3.1 TIN CREATION
Once the data was reviewed, corrected, and processed, a TIN file was created using the contour
lines and mass points.
This was done using the Create TIN tool, from the ArcTool Box in ArcMap. A Triangular Irregular
Network (TIN file) represents surface morphology and is needed in this specific case to create a
raster than later will serve to create slope, aspect and hillshade files for the analysis using
Multicriteria Evaluation Model. (ESRI, http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/latest/manage-
data/tin/fundamentals-of-tin-surfaces.htm, 2018)
To obtain an effective TIN file, the elevation data must be added in the “Input Feature Class” tab.
Find the respective map in the appendix of this report. (Figure 6: TIN Map)
3.2 RASTER CREATION
After having created the TIN, it was necessary to convert this file into a raster. As explained
above (TIN CREATION). This step is essential to create the other raster files, in summary, it is
the base that will be used to obtain slope, aspect and hillshade files.
This step was done using the TIN to Raster Tool from the ArcTool Box in ArcMap.
As explained on the terms of reference and above of this document as well (DATA
RECOGNITION AND PREPARATION) it is needed an area of 4x4 for each plant. Having said
this, at the Sampling Distance tab we need to select Cellsize of 4 to have an appropriate raster, in
which each pixel will represent a portion of land were the fern would be planted. DATA
RECOGNITION AND PREPARATION
Find the respective map in the appendix of this report. (Figure 7: RASTER - Glendale Campus)
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3.3 HILLSHADE RASTER CREATION
Once the raster was created, it was used as an input file for the generation of the Hillshade. In
this case, the 3D Analysis Tool was used. Within the tool, under Azimuth it was placed the
information provided in the terms of reference, where the azimuth needed was 180°, altitude of
65.98° and shadow mode on. The result shows that the most shaded area is the one that belongs
to the escarpment. (Refer to the Appendix to see the map Figure 8: HILLSHADE - Glendale
Campus)
3.4 SLOPE RASTER CREATION
To create the slope file, the raster was also used as an input, then under 3D Analysist Tool and
within Raster surface, the slope tool was located. The option degree was selected under “Output
Measurement”.
On the map, it can be seen in red the areas with the steepest slope and in green areas with the
lowest slopes. (Refer to Appendix to see map Figure 9: SLOPE-Glendale Campus)
3.5 ASPECT RASTER CREATION
It was also needed to create the aspect raster (direction of slope) in order to proceed with the
Multi-Criteria Analysis.
In this case, the raster was also used as the input, then under 3D Analysist Tool and within Raster
surface, the Aspect tool was located. As a result, it can be seen in different colours in the
direction of the slope within the Area of Interest. (Refer to Appendix to see map Figure 10:
ASPECT - Glendale Campus)
3.6 SOIL RASTER CREATION
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For this case, because the information that was handled for soil types was in a
shapefile format, it was needed first to transform the shape into a raster. This process was made
by using in ArcTool box the Polygon to raster tool.
The output used was the polygon (soil type) and as a result, we can see how the different types
of soils were grouped with a unique colour. (Refer to Appendix to Figure 11: SOILS - Glendale
Campus)
4. RECLASSIFICATION
Four variables were considered in order to find the best location or the most suitable locations
for the fern to thrive; Slope, soil type, aspect (slope direction) and hillshade.
As said in the terms of reference, in order to perform the multicriteria evaluation analysis, it was
needed to first perform a reclassification, in order to change the values of the four raster images
with specific data provided by the fern expert.
This reclassification will add new values that will allow a more realistic analysis. (ESRI, ArcGIS Pro,
2018)
To better visualize the reclassification and criteria provided by the experts, and the new values
assigned to each parameter, refer to the following table:
PARAMETERS RECLASSIFICATION CRITERIA NEW VALUES
0° - 195° Will not Grow 1
Hillshade 195° - 235° Will Thrive 2
0° - 20° No growth 1
Slope 20° - 65° Sparse to Full growth 2
65° - 90° No growth 1
Aspect
247° - 360° Will Grow 2
Escarpment Best suited 3
Toledo and Cashel Well Suited 2
Soil
Beverly, Peel, Haldimand and Lincoln Not suited 1
Not mapped Not suited 1
Table 1: New values for reclassification – Weighted Overlay Analysis
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In table 1 (Table 1: New values for reclassification), the ranges used were from 1 to 3,
being one the less weighted value (negative aspect for the fern to thrive) and three the one with
the highest weighted value (positive aspect for the fern to thrive).
This reclassification was performed using the reclassify tool in ArcTool box. Under Spatial Analyst
Tool and within Reclass the reclassify tool was located.
After using the reclassify tool for each parameter, we got as a result 4 maps with the new values
added. (Refer to Appendix to see Figure 12: Reclassified Hillshade - Glendale Campus; Figure 13:
Reclassified Slope - Glendale Campus; Figure 14: Reclassified Aspect - Glendale Campus, Figure 15:
Reclassified Soils - Glendale Campus)
5. WEIGHTED OVERLAY ANALYSIS AND MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION

(MCE)
After making the reclassification of the 4 raster images, the Weighted Overlay tool could be
used. This tool was located within the Spatial Analyst Tool and under the Overlay tab. This tool
will allow to perform calculations of a multi-criteria analysis between multiple rasters. (ESRI,
ArcGIS for Desktop, 2016)
Since the input criteria files will be with different ranges, to combine them in a single analysis,
each cell for each criterion must be reclassified into a common preference scale such as 1 to 5,
with 5 being the most favorable. (Esri, 2016)
In the terms of reference, it is mentioned that the group of researchers, classified the
importance of criteria in the following way:
1. Slope,
2. Direction slope faces,
3. Soil type and hillshade (equivalent importance).
The Slope criterion is twice as important as Slope direction, while Slope is three times as
important as Soil Type. Soil Type and Hillshade share the same importance. (Smith I. D., 2019).
That said, a percentage of 47% was added for slope (greater weight) followed by the aspect
parameter with 23%. For hillshade and types of soil 15% was added (same importance).
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Next, the values for each raster were changed to new scale values. These values are those that
were previously named and exposed in table1 (Table 1: New values for reclassification – Weighted
Overlay Analysis).
After entering the values, a raster is obtained with the most appropriate areas for the fern to
grow and thrive.
Below you can visualize the map with the most suitable spots under the Multi-Criteria Analysis.
For your consideration, the map can also be found in the section of the appendix at the end of
the report. (Refer to Appendix to Figure 16: Suitable Spot - Multi-Criteria Analysis)
Figure 2: Most suitable spots using MCE for Fern
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This map clearly shows us the best areas for the species to flourish. The green represents the
spots with the suitable sites for the re-introduction of the Fern.
Considering that the project requires replanting 110 ferns and that it needs a total of 1760 m2
(as minimum), the place highlighted with a blue circle on the map (which has an area of 3495m2)
was taken as the best for the Osmunda Jiangensis species.
Although it is true, not only the size of the spot should be considered, but also other variables
that allow us to conclude with the best site for the growth of the fern, the size of the area is one
of the most important criteria to take into account.
In the recommendations section of this report, this concept will be explained more specifically.
(RECOMMENDATIONS)
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5.1 MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION MODEL DIAGRAM
As part of the analysis, it was required to also elaborate a diagram with the steps that were
followed to get the result of the multi criteria analysis.
Below the figure with the described process can be found. For the elaboration of this diagram
the platform Lucid Chart was used. (Chart, 2019)
Figure 3: MCE Model Diagram
The diagram shows in dark green color the inputs that were used, in orange the tools process the
data and in purple the obtained outputs (results).
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6. FUZZY OVERLAY ANALYSIS
“The Fuzzy Overlay Analysis tool allows the analysis of the possibility of a phenomenon belonging
to multiple sets in a multicriteria overlay analysis. Not only does Fuzzy Overlay determine what
sets the phenomenon is possibly a member of, it also analyzes the relationships between the
membership of the multiple sets”. In a fuzzy overlay analysis, the pixels in the image can have a
value of anything between 0 and 1. (ESRI, ArcGIS for Desktop, 2016)
For this analysis, the same elements were considered, that is, the 4 raster images were needed
and used to perform this analysis.
For this case the reclassification was changed based on the criteria stated in terms of reference
by the horticultural students with more current and more detailed data. To better visualize the
reclassification and criteria provided by the horticultural students, and the new values assigned
to each parameter, refer to the following table:
PARAMETERS RECLASSIFICATION CRITERIA NEW VALUES
0° - 180° Will Grow Very Sparsely 2
180° - 195° Will Grow but won’t Thrive 3
Hillshade 195° - 220° Will Thrive 4
220° - 235° Will Grow but won’t Thrive 3
0° - 20° very sparse growth 1
20° - 35° sparse growth 2
35° - 45° moderate growth 3
Slope
45° - 55° heavy growth 4
55° - 65° sparse growth 2
65° - 90° very sparse growth 1
247° - 292.5° very sparse growth 2
Aspect 292.5° - 337.5° heavy growth 1
337.5° - 360° very sparse growth 2
Escarpment Best suited 5
Toledo and Cashel Reasonably well suited 4
Soil Beverly and Peel Poorly suited 3
Haldiman and Lincoln Not at all suited 2
Not mapped Not suitable 1
Table 2: New Values for reclassification - Fuzzy Analysis
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Once the new reclassification is clear, the values of the raster were changed using the Reclassify
Tool located in ArcTool Box.
Then, the Fuzzy Membership Tool was used to convert the values into a 0 to 1 scale. The value of
1 indicates full membership in the fuzzy analysis and 0 that is not a member of a fuzzy analysis at
all. (ESRI, ArcGIS Pro, 2018)
The fuzzy membership tool requires that the user specify the type of membership that needed
to use. The terms of reference mentioned the type of membership that should be used for each
raster. This was done to the expert’s consideration. The only type of membership that was
considered by GIS & Environmental Solutions was for the soil type raster. For this case, the linear
type was used being this membership the most suitable for this raster since it uses maximum
and minimum values.
Once the 4 raster images with the fuzzy membership tool were created, it is used the Fuzzy
Overlay Tool in ArcTool Box.
Once the process is finished, a raster is generated with the most suitable areas (according to the
fuzzy analysis) so that the Osmunda fern will bloom.
Below the map with the selected areas. For your consideration, the map can also be found in the
section of the appendix at the end of the report. (Figure 17: Suitable Spot - Fuzzy Overlay
Analysis)
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Figure 4: Suitable Spots for Osmunda Jiangensis Fern - Fuzzy Analysis
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In the figure you can see how also the most suitable areas for fern are found along the
escarpment. The area selected under this method is practically in the same place where is the
most suitable spot that was made under the MCE methodology.
6.1 FUZZY OVERLAY ANALYSIS MODEL DIAGRAM
Same as it was done for the Multi-Criteria Analysis, it was requested a diagram with the
processes followed to obtain this final result under fuzzy analysis methodology.
Below the figure with the described process can be found. For the elaboration of this diagram
the platform Lucid Chart was used. (Chart, 2019)
Figure 5: Fuzzy Model Diagram
In the diagram, you can see in green the outputs that were used for the generation of the
raster images, in orange the tools and in purple the results of the processes.
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7. COMPARISON AND CONCLUSIONS
As mentioned earlier in this report, both the result of the analysis using the MCE methodology
and the analysis using fuzzy overlay are found throughout the escarpment. Without doubt, the
most favorable place for Osmunda Jiangensis to grow and thrive is in that specific area.
For the Fuzzy methodology, the selected area is a bit smaller than the MCE. Both methodologies
have their pros and cons at the time of using them, but it is equally important.
According to ESRI: “ The Weighted Overlay tool applies one of the most used approaches for
overlay analysis to solve multicriteria problems such as site selection and suitability models”.
(ESRI, ArcGIS for Desktop, 2016). With that said, the analysis that used that tool was the Multi-
Criteria Analysis, so it is concluded that this is the most viable method for this case in specific.
Please refer to the map found in the appendix part of this report. (Figure 18: Comparison between
MCE and Fuzzy Analysis)
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8. RECOMMENDATIONS
Although it is true that not only the size of the selected area should be consider, or the type of
tools used during the process, but also other variables such as accessibility or proximity of the
place to routes or routes that allow arriving in a easier way, the selected place has a suitable size
and the proximity to the road is very good. There are several small places that are also suitable
but that would mean having to transport from one place to another the fern. This also means
that it would take more time in mobilization (costs rise) and could result in the plant being
stressed and dying or losing vitality on the way. It should be also remembering that the experts
say in the terms of reference that the plant is considered to be “shy and retiring",
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9. WORKS CITED
Chart, L. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.lucidchart.com/documents/edit/17ec7891-8a4b-4c09-

b9c2-8f0204fd76c9/0.
Esri. (2016). ArcGIS for Desktop. Retrieved from

http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/10.3/tools/spatial-analyst-toolbox/how-weighted-
overlay-works.htm.
ESRI. (2016). ArcGIS for Desktop. Retrieved from

http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/10.3/tools/spatial-analyst-toolbox/weighted-
overlay.htm.
ESRI. (2018). ArcGIS Pro. Retrieved from https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/tool-reference/spatial-

analyst/understanding-reclassification.htm.
ESRI. (2018). http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/latest/manage-data/tin/fundamentals-of-tin-

surfaces.htm. Retrieved from Esri Desktop.
Smith, I. (2019). GISC9318 Terms of Reference. Niagara College.
Smith, I. D. (2019). Terms of Reference, GISC9318, Saptial Analysis. Niagara-on-the-Lake: Niagara

College. Retrieved from https://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/HIPR2/classify.htm.
Yeung, C. (2013, October 26). Prezi. Retrieved from https://prezi.com/-r7jwgv7blfc/the-importance-of-

the-niagara-escarpment/.
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APPENDIX
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TIN MAP
Figure 6: TIN Map
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RASTER
Figure 7: RASTER - Glendale Campus
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HILLSHADE
Figure 8: HILLSHADE - Glendale Campus
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SLOPE
Figure 9: SLOPE-Glendale Campus
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ASPECT
Figure 10: ASPECT - Glendale Campus
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TYPES OF SOIL
Figure 11: SOILS - Glendale Campus

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RECLASSIFIED MAPS
HILLSHADE
Figure 12: Reclassified Hillshade - Glendale Campus

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SLOPE
Figure 13: Reclassified Slope - Glendale Campus
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ASPECT
Figure 14: Reclassified Aspect - Glendale Campus
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SOIL
Figure 15: Reclassified Soils - Glendale Campus
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MOST SUITABLE SPOT FOR OSMUNDA JIANGENSIS FERN – MULTI CRITERIA

ANALYSIS
Figure 16: Suitable Spot - Multi-Criteria Analysis

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MOST SUITABLE SPOT FOR OSMUNDA JIANGENSIS FERN – FUZZY OVERLAY

ANALYSIS
Figure 17: Suitable Spot - Fuzzy Overlay Analysis
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COMPARISON
Figure 18: Comparison between MCE and Fuzzy Analysis
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INTRODUCTION TO ARCGIS SPATIAL ANALYST

Introduction to ArcGIS Spatial Analyst

Prepared by: Mireya

FIGURE 1: AREA OF INTEREST - GLENDALE CAMPUS ..................................................................................................................2

TABLE 1: NEW VALUES FOR RECLASSIFICATION – WEIGHTED OVERLAY ANALYSIS.............................................................................7

Date: March 8, 2019 Deliverable 2 – GISC9318

2. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA

Figure 1: Area of Interest - Glendale Campus

3. DATA RECOGNITION AND PREPARATION

Likewise, for slope should be considered the following:

For aspect, the following should be considered:

And finally, for types of soil, the following should be considered:

3.1 TIN CREATION

3.2 RASTER CREATION

3.3 HILLSHADE RASTER CREATION

3.4 SLOPE RASTER CREATION

3.5 ASPECT RASTER CREATION

3.6 SOIL RASTER CREATION

5. WEIGHTED OVERLAY ANALYSIS AND MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION

Figure 2: Most suitable spots using MCE for Fern

5.1 MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATION MODEL DIAGRAM

Figure 3: MCE Model Diagram

6. FUZZY OVERLAY ANALYSIS

Figure 4: Suitable Spots for Osmunda Jiangensis Fern - Fuzzy Analysis

6.1 FUZZY OVERLAY ANALYSIS MODEL DIAGRAM

Figure 5: Fuzzy Model Diagram

7. COMPARISON AND CONCLUSIONS

Chart, L. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.lucidchart.com/documents/edit/17ec7891-8a4b-4c09-

Esri. (2016). ArcGIS for Desktop. Retrieved from

ESRI. (2016). ArcGIS for Desktop. Retrieved from

ESRI. (2018). ArcGIS Pro. Retrieved from https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/tool-reference/spatial-

ESRI. (2018). http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/latest/manage-data/tin/fundamentals-of-tin-

Smith, I. (2019). GISC9318 Terms of Reference. Niagara College.

Smith, I. D. (2019). Terms of Reference, GISC9318, Saptial Analysis. Niagara-on-the-Lake: Niagara

Yeung, C. (2013, October 26). Prezi. Retrieved from https://prezi.com/-r7jwgv7blfc/the-importance-of-

Figure 6: TIN Map

Figure 7: RASTER - Glendale Campus

Figure 8: HILLSHADE - Glendale Campus

Figure 9: SLOPE-Glendale Campus

Figure 10: ASPECT - Glendale Campus

Figure 11: SOILS - Glendale Campus

Figure 12: Reclassified Hillshade - Glendale Campus

Figure 13: Reclassified Slope - Glendale Campus

Figure 14: Reclassified Aspect - Glendale Campus

Figure 15: Reclassified Soils - Glendale Campus

MOST SUITABLE SPOT FOR OSMUNDA JIANGENSIS FERN – MULTI CRITERIA

Figure 16: Suitable Spot - Multi-Criteria Analysis

MOST SUITABLE SPOT FOR OSMUNDA JIANGENSIS FERN – FUZZY OVERLAY

Figure 17: Suitable Spot - Fuzzy Overlay Analysis

Figure 18: Comparison between MCE and Fuzzy Analysis

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