Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

Province of Laguna

GRADUATE STUDIES AND APPLIED RESEARCH

COURSE CODE: COGNATE 209

COURSE TITLE: CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND RECENT TRENDS
TOPIC: MODELS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
GOAL-BASED MODEL OF CURRICULUM PLANNING,
THE PHILIPPINE EXPERINCE
PROFESSOR: Dr. AGRIPINA F. BANAYO
REPORTER: GLAIZA A. BRITANIA
E-MAIL: britniaglaiza@yahoo.com

CHAPTER 5 CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

Intended Learning Outcomes
1. Identify the different models of curriculum development and planning.
2. Describe the goal-based model of curriculum planning in the Philippines.

The Diamond Model- Robert Diamond

Five Steps
1. It starts with an assessment of needs from the students, community and
field of knowledge.
2. The statement of goals moving from general to specific.
3. Designing of curriculum.
4. Implementation process and assessment if goals are met
5. Revision process if needed.

Diamond Model Benefits

1. The model is easy to use , sequential and cost-effective.
2. It can be used for the design or redesign of courses, curricula, workshops
and seminar in every subject area.
3. The programs developed will meet demands for clear statements of
learning outcomes with an associated high quality student assessment
process.
4. It is politically sensitive.
5. It also ensures that all important questions are asked and all options are
explored before key decisions are made.

Walker’s Naturalistic Model

This Model used the deliberative approach in curriculum planning.
Walker began studying what people actually do when planning curricula. He
believed that better curriculum planning and development will result when
those involvement in it understand the process. He classified three basic
phases of planning and it Naturalistic model. He called it naturalistic because
he wanted to show how curriculum planning is actually being done as to
contest the other approaches that prescribe how should it be done.

Three Basic Phase of Naturalistic Model

Phase 1- Platform
He concludes that a platform consists of various conceptions, theories
and aims which are carefully thought-out beliefs of the planners. However,
there are also beliefs that are less formulated which he termed as images
and procedures.

Phase 2- Deliberation
This phase includes identifying important facts, generating alternatives
and considering precedent, considering the consequences of alternatives and
choosing the most defensible alternative. The deliberation phase leads to the
design phase when a group has achieved sufficient consensus about beliefs,
problematic circumstances, and potential solutions.
Phase 3- Design Phase
It is the creation of the planned curriculum.

Walker’s model provides guidelines to follow i planning the curricula.

However, these are some criticisms about the model. First, Walker studied
only large-scale curriculum projects and may not apply well to small-scale
curriculum planning. Secondly, the deliberative approach is directed only to
the planning of the curriculum. After the curriculum is design, there is no
description about the implementation, evaluation and possible revisions of
the curriculum (Marsh,2007).

GOAL-BASED MODEL OF CURRICULUM PLANNING, THE PHILIPPINE

EXPERIENCE

The mentioned changes in our country’s educational system is the new

millennium needs highly educational practices. It is then that an overall
curriculum planning strategy, in school’s curriculum program, to give the best
possible skills to provide to students, must be based on an overall planning
strategy to support the program’s design, development , implementation and
evaluation.

Hence, the use of standard-based teaching as part of the goal-based

process is becoming common practice. Thorough preparation for effective
standard- based teaching goes beyond the simple curriculum-alignment and
materials-adoption strategies that are popular throughout the United States
(O”Shea,2005). Different planning models are ready for use to educators, but
one that seems successful for curriculum planning is the goal-based model.

This model has several features, it is goal-based, because it assures that

curriculum revisions are made with general outcomes evidently in mind. It
stressed practicability as it supports the government in undertaking only
priority projects that leaders believe can be accomplished successfully. It is
systematically, because it stresses orderly progression in the creation of a
rational framework in planning.

The best example of goal-based curriculum model can be seen with the
implementation of K-12 education plan in the Philippine’s Basic Education
Curriculum which is defined as the key to our nation’s development. This is
one of the more exciting reforms in the past two decades in the field of
education for the country. This is the Republic Act 10533, or the Enhanced
Basic Education Act of 2013. Passed by the Congress on January 30, 2013 and
approved by the President on May 15,2013, the law in its full name stands as
“ An Act Enhancing the Philippine Basic Education System by Strengthening
its Curriculum and Increasing the Number of Years for Basic Education,” from
10 years to 12 years. The law become effective June 4, 2013.

The said program’s Curriculum Goal is moving towards the development

of a holistically developed Filipino with 21stcenttury skills who is ready for
employment, entrepreneurship, middle skills development and higher
education upon graduation from Grade 12 . Thus, the Department of
Education seeks to create a basic education sector that is capable of attaining
the country’s Education for All Objectives and the Millennium Development
Goals by the year 2015 and President Benigno Aquino’s 10-point basic
education agenda by 2016. These policy reforms are expected to introduce
critical changes necessary to further accelerated, broaden, deepen and
sustain the evident outcomes and process goals of the said program.

References:
Dizon Ed D. , Erlinda, et al. 2015. Curriculum Development. Manila,
Philippines: Adriana Publishing Co., Inc.

Top Education Degrees. 2017. Curriculum Development.

https://www.topeducationdegrees.org/faq/what-is-curriculum-
development/.

Sohail Ahmad & Feroz khan. 2014. Hilda Taba Model. B.Ed(hons) 5th
semester: file:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/tabamodel-140505014309-
phpapp01.pdf