Activity 6 – Heat and Mass Transfer

1. Accounts for the contributions of all effects on heat transfer.

A. U
B. h
C. Rf
D. Xw

2. In using the design equation for heat transfer, 𝑞 = 𝑈𝐴∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 the U and A may either be
based on inside or outside area of the pipe. For a system where air is flowing inside a
pipe while being heated by condensing steam outside the pipe, the proper U and A to be
used is
A. Based on the inside area
B. Based on outside area
C. It does not matter
D. Based on the overall U

3. This factor depends on operating temperature, fluid velocity and length of service of heat
exchanger
A. U
B. h
C. Rf
D. Xw

4. Heat exchanger type most suitable for the construction and heat transfer in condensers
and cooling towers.
A. Direct contact HE
B. Transfer type HE
C. Regenerators
D. None of these

5. Commonly used to determine the sizing and rating of heat exchangers.

A. Overall heat transfer coefficient
B. LMTD
C. Effectiveness- NTU
D. All of these

6. If the viscosity of fluid will increase, the heat transfer coefficient in a turbulent flow
system will
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Remain the same
D. Dramatically increase

7. Commonly used heat exchanger in fermentation and HVAC systems.

A. Direct contact HE
B. Transfer type HE
C. Regenerators
D. None of these

8. The total amount of incident radiation that strikes a surface is

 A. Radiosity
B. Irradiation
C. Emissive power
D. Monochromatic

9. The heat transfer radially across an insulated pipe perunit area

A. Remains constant
B. Is inversely proportional to thermal conductivity
C. Decreases from pipe wall to the insulated surface
D. Increases from pipe wall to the insulated surface

10. Also known as double pipe heat exchanger.

A. Tubular HE
B. Shell and tube HE
C. Finned type HE
D. Compact HE

11. Also known as surface condensers due to its extensive use in heating, cooling,
condensation evaporation processes.
A. Tubular HE
B. Shell and tube HE
C. Finned type HE
D. Compact HE

12. A measure of heat transfer surface area.

A. NTU
B. U
C. LMTD
D. e

13. It is a method of developing the design for a heat exchanger wherein the engineer
assures the existence of an exchanger and makes calculations to determine if the
exchanger would handle the process requirements under reasonable conditions.
A. Heat exchanger modeling
B. Rating of heat transfer
C. Heat exchanger calculation
D. Heat transfer performance evaluation

14. In regenerator type heat exchanger, heat transfer takes place by

A. Direct mixing of hot and cold fluids
B. A complete separation between hot and cold fluids
C. Flow of hot and cold fluids alternately over a surface
D. Generation of heat again and again

15. Penetration theory relates average mass transfer coefficient (K) with diffusivity(D) as
A. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷
B. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷 0.5
C. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷1.5
D. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷 2
16. The method of solute transfer which involve rapid movement of large chunks of fluid in
turbulent motion.
A. Molecular diffusion
B. Kinetic transport
C. Thermal diffusion
D. Eddy diffusion

17. The measure of the relative effectiveness of momentum and energy transport by
diffusion in the velocity and thermal boundary layers is given by
A. Nusselt number
B. Prandtl number
C. Biot number
D. Reynolds number

18. The other term for long tube vertical rising film (LTVRF) evaporator is
A. Rillieux
B. Fairhurst
C. Ballou
D. Kestner

19. Material deposit diminishing overall heat transfer coefficient of evaporators

A. Foams
B. Scales
C. Magma
D. Salts

20. Molecular diffusion is caused by

A. Transfer of molecules from low concentration to high concentration region
B. Thermal energy of the molecules
C. Activation energy of the molecules
D. Potential energy of the molecules

21. It is a measure of the diffusive mobility of individual molecules in solution

A. Eddy diffusivity
B. Mass transfer coefficient
C. Diffusion coefficient
D. Thermal diffusion

22. A dimensionless parameter that is expressed as heat capacity rate of exchanger per
heat capacity rate of fluid.
A. NTU
B. U
C. LMTD
D. e

23. Unit of thermal diffusivity is

A. m2/hr
B. m2/hr°C
C. Kcal/m2.hr
D. Kcal/m.hr.°C
 24. In convection heat transfer from hot flue gases to water tube, even though flow may be
turbulent, a laminar flow region (boundary layer fo film) exists close to the tube. The heat
transfer through this film takes place by
A. Convection
B. Radiation
C. Conduction
D. Both convection and conduction

25. Molecular diffusion is caused by

A. Transfer of molecules from low concentration to high concentration region
B. Thermal energy of the molecules
C. Activation energy of the molecules
D. Potential energy of the molecules

26. It is a measure of the diffusive mobility of individual molecules in solution

E. Eddy diffusivity
F. Mass transfer coefficient
G. Diffusion coefficient
H. Thermal diffusion

27. Equimolar counter-diffusion means that the

A. Concentration driving force is zero
B. Convective flow is very high
C. Bulk in terms of moles is not moving
D. bulk in terms of mass is not moving

28. Mass transfer coefficient (K) and diffusivity (D) are related according to film theory
A. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷
B. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷 0.5
C. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷1.5
D. 𝐾 ∝ 𝐷 2

29. Schmidt number is a ratio of

A. Momentum diffusivity to mass diffusivity
B. Thermal diffusivity to momentum diffusivity
C. Thermal diffusivity to mass diffusivity
D. None of these

30. Fick’s law of diffusion determines the molar flux of component

A. Relative to the volume average velocity
B. Relative to the velocity of the diffusing component
C. Relative to a stationary plane
D. Relative to the velocity of the other component

Linkage problem (31-32)

Water flows at 2 m/s through a 2.5 m length of a 25 mm diameter tube. If the tube is at 320 K
and the water enters and leaves at 293 and 295 K, respectively, determine the following:
31. The value of the heat transfer coefficient.
A. 1.554 kW/m2.K
B. 1.612 kW/m2.K
C. 1.889 kW/m2.K
 D. 1.998 kW/m2.K
32. The temperature if the velocity was increased by 50%.
A. 318.1K
B. 305.4K
C. 301.1K
D. 294.5K
Solution:
𝜌@293𝐾 = 997.245𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝜋
𝑚 = (997.245𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 )(2)( )(0.025)2 = 0.9790𝑘𝑔/𝑠
4

𝑞 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝∆𝑇 = (0.9790𝑘𝑔/𝑠)(4188.6833)(295 − 293𝐾) = 8201.4419𝑊

(320 − 295) − (320 − 293)

∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 = = 25.9872𝐾
320 − 295
𝑙𝑛 320 − 293

1
(8201.4419)(1000)
𝑈= = 1.6073 ≈ 𝟏. 𝟔𝟏𝟐𝒌𝑾/𝒎𝟐 . 𝑲
𝜋(0.025)(2.5)(25.9872)
𝜋
𝑚 = (997.245𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 )(3)( )(0.025)2 = 1.4686𝑘𝑔/𝑠
4

1.4686(4188.6833)(295 − 𝑇) = 1.612(0.025)(𝜋)(2.5)(25.9872); 𝑇 = 294.9987 ≈ 𝟐𝟗𝟒. 𝟓𝑲

33. Water passes at a velocity of 1.2 m/s through a series of 25 mm diameter tubes 5 m long
maintained at 320 K. If the inlet temperature is 290 K, at what temperature will it leave?
A. 299K
B. 306K
C. 309K
D. 315K

34. Heat is transferred from one fluid steam to a second fluid across a heat transfer surface.
If the film coefficients for the two fluids are, respectively, 1.0 and 1.5 kW/m2.K.
A. 0.223 kW/m2.K
B. 0.318 kW/m2.K
C. 0.445 kW/m2.K
D. 0.565 kW/m2.K
Solution:
𝑄 1
= = 0.6 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔𝟓𝒌𝑾/𝒎𝟐 . 𝑲
∆𝑇𝐴 1 1
1.0 + 1.5

Linkage problem (35-36)

A shell and tube heat exchanger id used for preheating the feed to an evaporator. The liquid of
specific heat 4.0 kJ/kg.K and density 1100 kg/m3 passes through the inside of tubes and is
heated by steam condensing at 395 K on the outside. The exchanger heats liquid at 295 K to an
outlet temperature of 375 K when the flowrate is 3.25x10^-4 m3/s. When the flowrate is
1.75x10^-4 m3/s, determine the following (assumes that the film heat transfer coefficient from
the liquid in the tube is proportional to the 0.8 power of the velocity, that the transfer coefficient
for the condensing steam remains constant at 3.4 kW/m2.K and that the resistance of the tube
wall and scale can be neglected):
35. Heat transfer area
A. 0.667 m2
B. 0.783 m2
C. 0.812 m2
D. 0.909 m2
36. Overall heat transfer coefficient
A. 0.872 kW/m2.K
B. 0.532 kw/m2.K
C. 0.322 kW/m2.K
D. 0.136 kW/m2.K
Answer:
Solution:
(395 − 375) − (395 − 295)
∆𝑇𝑙𝑚 = = 49.7068𝐾
395 − 375
𝑙𝑛
395 − 295

𝑞 = (1100𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 )(3.25 × 10−4 𝑚3 /𝑠)(4𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. 𝐾)(375 − 295) = 114.4𝑘𝑊

114.4𝑘𝑊
𝐴= = 0.6769 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟕𝒎𝟐
3.4𝑘𝑊/𝑚2 . 𝐾(49.7068𝐾)

Linkage problem (37-38)

Water is at 293 K is heated by passing it through a 6.1 m coil at 25 mm internal diameter. The
thermal conductivity of the pipe wall is 200 W/m.k and the wall thickness is 3.2 mm. The coil is
heated by condensing steam at 373 K for which the film coefficient is 8 kW/m2.K.
37. What is the coefficient of heat transfer if it is proportional to the velocity raised to the 0.8
power?
A. 777
B. 976
C. 1033
D. 1103
38. When the water velocity is increased to 1.3 m/s, what will be the outlet temperature?
A. 298K
B. 303K
C. 308K
D. 312K

Linkage problem (39-40)

A reaction mixture is heated in a vessel fitted with an agitator and a steam coil of area 10 m2
fed with steam at 393 K. The heat capacity of the system is equal to that of 500 kg of water. The
overall coefficient of heat transfer from the vessel of area 5 m2 is 10 W/m2.K. it takes 1800 s to
heat the contents from ambient temperature of 293 K to 333 K.
39. How long will it take to heat the system to 363 K?
A. 1.05 h
 B. 1.25 h
C. 1.40 h
D. 1.65 h
40. What is the maximum temperature that can be reached?
A. 375.7K
B. 380.2K
C. 385.5K
D. 393K
Solution:
(𝑇2 − 𝑇𝑠 ) 𝑈𝐴𝑡
𝑙𝑛 =
(𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑠 ) 𝑚𝐶𝑝

(333 − 393) 𝑈𝐴(1800𝑠)

𝑙𝑛 =− ; 𝑈𝐴 = 0.5937
(293 − 393) 500𝑘𝑔(4.184)

(363 − 393) 0.5937(𝑡)

𝑙𝑛 =− ; 𝑡 = 4242.3970𝑠 = 1.1784ℎ𝑟 ≈ 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓𝒉𝒓
(293 − 393) 500𝑘𝑔(4.184)

𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝 = 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 𝟑𝟗𝟑𝑲

Linkage problem (41-42)

Feed (at 5°C) containing 20% solids enters an evaporator at the rate of 500 kg/hr. Saturated
steam (100% quality) at atmospheric pressure enters the evaporator at the rate of 150 kg/hr and
leaves as condensate at 100°C. If the evaporator is operating at 65°C, determine the following
(assume that the specific heat of the feed and concentrated product are 4,000 J/kg.K and 3,000
J/kg.K respectively and that the overall heat transfer coefficient is 4,000 W/m2.K):
41. The solids content of the concentrated product?
A. 0.25
B. 0.30
C. 0.35
D. 0.45
42. The surface area of heat exchanger required
A. 0.60 m2
B. 0.67 m2
C. 0.72 m2
D. 0.80 m2
Solution:
From handbook:
Hv= 47.1601kJ/mol
Hl= 4.901kJ/mol
𝜆𝑠 = 2347.7303kJ/kg
𝑇𝑀𝐵: 500 = 𝑚𝑣 + 𝑚𝑝

𝐶𝑀𝐵: 0.2(500) = 𝑥𝑝 𝑚𝑝

𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐵𝑎𝑙: 𝑚𝑠 𝜆𝑠 = 𝑚𝑓 𝐻𝑓 + 𝑚𝑝 𝐻𝑝 + 𝑚𝑣 𝐻𝑣

150(2347.7303) = 500(4) + 𝑥𝑝 (3) + (500 − 𝑥𝑝 )(2677.2667); 𝑥𝑝 =

 1
𝑞 150(2258.65)(3600)(1000)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = = = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟐𝟐𝒎𝟐
𝑈𝛥𝑇 4000(100 − 65)

43. An evaporator operating at 80°C is used to concentrate a juice from a solids content of
5% to a solids content of 25% using steam (75% quality) at 120.82 kPa (which leaves as
condensate at 80°C). The initial temperature and flow rate of the feed juice are 15°C and
5 kg/s. The overall heat transfer coefficient is 3500 W/m2.K and the area available for
heat transfer is 25 m2. Determine the steam economy available for the evaporator if the
specific heats of the feed and concentrated product are 3500 J/kg.K and 4000 J/kg.K
respectively.
A. 0.52
B. 0.67
C. 0.76
D. 0.82

Linkage problem (44-46)

A solution of organic colloid in water is to be concentrated from 8 to 45% solids in a single-effect
evaporator. Steam is available at 1.03 atm gauge (120.5°C). A pressure of 102 mmHg absolute
is to be maintained in the vapor space. The feed rate to the evaporator is 20,000 kg/hr. Overall
heat transfer coefficient (U) is 2800 W/m2.°C. The solution has a negligible BPE and negligible
heat of dilution. If the temperature of the feed is 51.7°C, calculate:
44. The steam consumption
A. 16344 kg/h
B. 17782 kg/h
C. 18201 kg/h
D. 19901 kg/h
45. The economy
A. 0.905
B. 0.915
C. 0.925
D. 0.935
46. Heating surface area required
A. 50.2 m2
B. 53.5 m2
C. 56.4 m2
D. 58.1 m2
Solution:
From handbook:
𝜆𝑠 = 2202.4768𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝜆1 = 2379.0226𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

𝐶𝑝 = 4.1858𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. 𝐾

𝑚𝐹 𝑥𝐹 = (𝑚𝐹 − 𝑤)𝑥𝑇

0.08(20000) = (20000 − 𝑤)(0.45); 𝑤 = 16444.44𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟

 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐵𝑎𝑙: 𝑚𝑠 𝜆𝑠 = 𝑚𝐹 𝐶𝑝𝐹 (𝑇1 − 𝑇𝐹 ) + 𝑤𝜆1

𝑚𝑠 (2202.4768) = 20000(4.1858)(325.1789 − 324.85) + 16444.44(2379.0226)

𝑚𝑠 = 17775.0924𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟 ≈ 𝟏𝟕𝟕𝟖𝟐𝒌𝒈/𝒉𝒓

𝑚𝑣 16444.44
𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑦 = = = 0.9248 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟓
𝑚𝑠 17782

𝑞 17782(2202.4768) 1000
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = = ∗ = 56.7445𝑚2 ≈ 𝟓𝟔. 𝟒𝒎𝟐
𝑈∆𝑇 2800(120.5 − 52.0289) 3600

47. An open pan 20 cm in diameter and 8 cm deep contains water at 25°C and is exposed to
dry atmospheric air. If the rate of diffusion of water vapour is 8.54x10^-4 kg/h, estimate
the diffusion coefficient of water in air.
A. 1.99x10-5 m2/s
B. 2.23x10-5 m2/s
C. 2.38x10-5 m2/s
D. 2.58x10-5 m2/s
Solution:
From Antoinne’s Equation: 𝑃𝐻2 𝑂@25℃ = 23.6864𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑇 𝑃𝑇 − 𝑃𝐴2
𝑁𝐴 = 𝑙𝑛
∆𝑧 𝑅𝑇 𝑃𝑇 − 𝑃𝐴1

8.54 × 10−4 𝐷𝐴𝐵 (1𝑎𝑡𝑚) 760

𝜋 = 𝑙𝑛
18 ∗ 3600 ∗ 4 ∗ (0.2)2 0.08𝑚(0.08205)(298𝐾) 760 − 23.6864

𝐷𝐴𝐵 = 2.5916 × 10−5 ≈ 𝟐. 𝟓𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒎𝟐 /𝒔

48. A pan of 40 mm deep, is filled with water to a level of 20 mm and is exposed to dry air at
30°C. Calculate the time required for all the water to evaporate. Take, mass diffusivity is
0.25x10^-4 m2/s.
A. 500x10^3 s
B. 517x10^3 s
C. 535x10^3 s
D. 557x10^3 s
Given:
Deep, (x 2 – x1 ) = 40 – 20 = 20 mm = 0.020 m Temperature, T = 300 C + 273 = 303 K Diffusion
co- efficient , Dab =0.25X10 -4 m 2/s.
At 30°C
pw1 = 0.04242 bar
pw1 = 0.4242x10^-5 N/m2
Solution: 𝜌𝐻2 𝑂@30℃ = 994.6721𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
From Antoinne’s Equation: 𝑃𝐻2 𝑂@30℃ = 31.7402𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
 20
994.6721(8.314)(303.15𝐾)(1000)2
𝑡𝐹 =
101.325 − 0
0.25 × 10−4 (18)(101.325)𝑙𝑛
101.325
101.325 − 31.7402 ∗ 760

𝑡𝐹 = 515527.2571 = 𝟓𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒔

49. Pure nitrogen is passed over the opening of a long narrow test tube which contains liquid
cyclohexane filled to 11 cm below the top. The temperature is 17°C and the pressure is
1 atm. After 20.2 hr, the liquid level drops 0.22 cm. Using this data, determine the
diffusivity of the binary gas system.
A. 7.67x10^-5 ft2/s
B. 8.11x10^-5 ft2/s
C. 8.67x10^-5 ft2/s
D. 9.02x10^-5 ft2/s
Solution:
𝜌𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑜ℎ𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑛𝑒 = 48.6𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3

𝑃𝐵1 = 0.082𝑎𝑡𝑚

𝑃𝐵2 − 𝑃𝐵1 1 − (1 − 0.082)

𝑃𝐵,𝐿𝑚 = = = 0.9584𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑃 1
𝑙𝑛 𝑃𝐵2 𝑙𝑛
𝐵1 1 − 0.082

𝜌𝐴𝐿 𝑅𝑇𝑃𝐵,𝐿𝑚 (𝑋𝑓 2 − 𝑋𝑣 2 )

𝐷=
2𝑀𝑎𝑡(𝑃𝐴1 − 𝑃𝐴2 )

48.6(0.7302)(1.8)(298)(0.9584)((0.368)2 − (0.3608)2 )
𝐷=
2(84.16)(20.2)(3600)(1)(0.082 − 0)

𝐷 = 9.53 × 10−5 ≈ 𝟗. 𝟎𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒇𝒕𝟐 /𝒔

50. 4 gallons of gasoline (A) is poured on a surface area of 20 ft2. Detrmine the time
necessary for the gasoline to evaporate into still dry air (B). The diffusivity is 6.5 ft2/hr.
Evaporation occurs through a 6 in film at 65°F. The gasoline has a vapor pressure of 2
psia.
A. 6.7 hr
B. 8.4 hr
C. 10.5 hr
D. 12.3 hr

Linkage probelm (51-52)

At steady state conditions, oxygen (A) diffuses through nitrogen (B). Consider the nitrogen as
non diffusing. The temperature is 0°C and the total pressure is 1x10^5 N/m2. The partial
pressure of oxygen at two locations, 2.2 mm apart is 13500 and 6000 N/m2. The diffusivity is
1.81x10^-5 m2/s. The diffusivities are𝐷(𝑂)2−(𝑁)2 = 1.81𝑥10−5 𝑚2 /𝑠, 𝐷(𝑂)2−(𝐶𝑂)2 = 1.85𝑥10−5 𝑚2 /
𝑠.
51. Determine the diffusion rate of oxygen
A. 2.60x10^-5 kmol/m2.s
B. 2.80x10^-5 kmol/m2.s
C. 3.00x10^-5 kmol/m2.s
D. 3.20x10^-5 kmol/m2.s
52. Determine the diffusion rate of oxygen using as the non diffusing gas a mixture of
nitrogen and carbon dioxide in a volume ratio of 2:1.
A. 2.93x10^-5 kmol/m2.s
B. 3.02x10^-5 kmol/m2.s
C. 2.61x10^-5 kmol/m2.s
D. 2.44x10^-5 kmol/m2.s

53. A solid sphere of naphthalene (A) with a radius of 2.5 mm is surrounded by still air (B) at
300 K and 1 atm. Take the surface temperature of the naphthalene as 300 K and its
vapor pressure at this temperature as 0.104 mmHg. The diffusivity of naphthalene in air
at 318 K is 6.92x10^-6 m2/s. Determine the rate at which naphthalene evaporates.
A. 1.22x10^-8 kmol/m2.s
B. 1.41x10^-8 kmol/m2.s
C. 1.65x10^-8 kmol/m2.s
D. 1.89x10^-8 kmol/m2.s
Solution:
1 − 𝑦𝐴2
𝑛𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟𝐷𝑣𝜌𝑚 𝑙𝑛
1 − 𝑦𝐴1

1 ∗ 1002 1−0
𝑛𝐴 = 4𝜋(0.0025𝑚)(6.92 × 10−6 𝑚2 /𝑠)( )𝑙𝑛
0.08205 ∗ 300 1 − 1.3684 × 10−4

𝑛𝐴 = 1.2086 × 10−8 ≈ 𝟏. 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟖 𝒌𝒎𝒐𝒍/𝒎𝟐 . 𝒔

Linkage problem (54-55)

Ammonia from a mixture of air and ammonia, diffuses into water at a pressure 0.75 atm. The
diffusion occurs in a stagnant gas layer at 65°C. At one location, the gas has 2.9% ammonia by
volume, and the amount of ammonia in the water is small enough so that the partial pressure of
ammonia is negligible. The air contains no water vapor. The following data are given: diffusivity
of ammonia in air= 1.125 cm2/s
Diffusivity of water vapor in air= 1.302 cm2/s
Diffusivity of water vapor in ammonia= 1.538 cm2/s
Vapor pressure of water= 0.247 atm at 65°C
54. Determine the diffusion rate of ammonia with vaporization of water.
A. -0.0157
B. -0.0188
C. -0.0203
D. -0.0223
55. Determine the diffusion rate of ammonia without the vaporization of water.
A. -0.0136
B. -0.0128
 C. -0.0109
D. -0.0094

56. Two large tanks, each containing a mixture of nitrogen (A) and oxygen (B), but at
different concentrations. Tank 1 has 85 mole percent nitrogen and 15 mole percent
oxygen, while tank 2 has 25 mole percent nitrogen and 75 mole percent oxygen. A tube
1.5 m long with an inside diameter of 0.150 m connects the two tanks. If the pressure is
1 atm and the temperature is 0°C, calculate the rate of diffusion of nitrogen between the
tanks assuming steady state transfer.
A. 5.31x10^-9 kmol/s
B. 5.71x10^-9 kmol/s
C. 5.92x10^-9 kmol/s
D. 6.12x10^-9 kmol/s
Solution:
𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝐽𝑁2 = − (𝑃 𝑃 )
𝑅𝑇𝐵𝑡 𝐴2− 𝐴1

0.181 𝜋 2
100 2 (0.25 − 0.85)(1)(4 ∗ 0.15 )
𝐽𝑁2 =− = 5.7086 × 10−9 ≈ 𝟓. 𝟕𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 𝒌𝒎𝒐𝒍/𝒔
0.08205(273.15)(1.5𝑚)

57. A carbon particle of diameter 0.12 in is burned in pure oxygen at 1440°F and 1 atm;
according to the reaction: 𝐶 + 𝑂2 → 𝐶𝑂2 . Assume that a layer of 𝐶𝑂2 forms around the
particle so that at the surface of the carbon particle 𝑃(𝐶𝑂)2 =1 atm and 𝑃(𝑂)2 =0. Far from
the particle, 𝑃(𝐶𝑂)2=0 and 𝑃(𝑂)2 =1 atm. Determine the rate of burning of the carbon.
A. 1.78x10^-3 lb/hr
B. 2.11x10^-3 lb/hr
C. 2.22x10^-3 lb/hr
D. 2.34x10^-3 lb/hr
Solution:
𝐷𝑣 = 4.3124𝑓𝑡 2 /ℎ𝑟
2 14.7𝑝𝑠𝑖
4𝜋𝐷𝑣 𝑃𝑇 4𝜋(4.3124𝑓𝑡 /ℎ𝑟)(1𝑎𝑡𝑚)( 1𝑎𝑡𝑚 )(
𝑁𝐴 = =
𝑅𝑇

58. It is desired to remove water from an air-water mixture which contains 35% water by
volume. The mixture diffuses into a section of still air 0.2 in in length, after which it is
completely removed from the mixture by absorption. At the absorption plane, the water
concentration is small enough to be neglected. The system operates at 1 atm and 59°C.
Determine the rate of water diffusing through the air layer.
A. 0.03 lb/mole/ft2.hr
B. 0.05 lb/mole/ft2.hr
C. 0.07 lb/mole/ft2.hr
D. 0.09 lb/mole/ft2.hr

59. A two-tube-pass heat exchanger (see fig.1) with water at 78°F and an average velocity
of 4.6 ft/s flowing in the tubes is used to cool steam at 2 psia. There are 126 tubes per
pass, and each tube is made of stainless steel with 𝑑0 = 0.625 𝑖𝑛, 𝑑𝑖 = 0.527 𝑖𝑛 and L=6
ft. The convective heat transfer coefficient of the outside surface of the tubes is 2050
Btu/hr.ft2.°F. calculate the amount of condensed steam in pounds.
 A. 2311 lbm/hr
B. 2420 lbm/hr
C. 2490 lbm/hr
D. 2550 lbm/hr

60. What is the mole fraction of acetone in the gas phase which would be in equilibrium with
20 ppm acetone inthe aqueous phase?
A. 2.22x10^-8
B. 3.45x10^-6
C. 1.12x10^-4
D. 8.21x10^-3