A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 9

JANUARY 15, 2019

I. OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

a. Identify metal, non-metal and noble gases and the valence electrons of an atom;
b. Illustrate how an ionic bond is formed; and
c. Explain and classify the formation of ionic and covalent bond.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: CHEMICAL BONDING

References: LEARNER’S MODULE (SCIENCE 9)
Materials: Visual Aid, power point presentation, task card
Values: Appreciation

III. PROCEDURE

A. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES

Teacher’s Activity Students Activity

a. Prayer
“Let us pray first, anyone who wants to lead the (One student will lead the prayer)
prayer?”

b. Preparation
“Good morning class!”
Good morning SIR!

“Please arrange your chairs according to your Students arrange their chairs.
row.”

“You may now take your seat.”

Thank you Sir!

“Miss Secretary may I know who are the absent

for today?” (The Secretary will stand and tell the
absentee)
B. DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES

Teacher’s Activity Students Activity

a. Motivation
“Okay, are you all ready for our lesson?” Yes, Sir!

It is interesting to look back at the lesson

(students will raise their hands)
you have learned about matter when you
were in grade 7 & 8. Do you still
Yes, Sir!
remember them?

“Get your periodic table. What do you notice about

the electronic configuration of the noble gases?”

“Your right!”

“So I want You now to enumerate noble gases (students will raise their hands and
having eight electrons at the outermost energy answer)
level.”

(Pick 3 students to answer)

“Thank you class all of your answers are correct.

Except for helium, all of them have eight electrons
at the outermost energy level. The sharing or the
complete transfer of electrons causes an atom to
have the same electronic configuration as that of the
nearest noble or inert gases. The sharing or the
complete transfer indicates that the atom has attained
stability. Either the sharing or the complete transfer
of electrons leads to the formation of compounds.”

b. LESSON PROPER
“Today our topic is all about the Chemical
bonding.”

“Chemical bonding is a force that holds groups of

two or more atoms together and make them function
as a unit.

“Atom is a smallest unit of an element”

(students listen to the lesson objectives)
“Molecules is a Group of covalently bonded atoms.”

“The teacher states the lesson objectives”

Yes, Sir!
“going through it will make you understand what is
happening in the atoms during the formation of
compounds. Look at the periodic table. Did you (students will raise their hands and
notice the vertical arrangement of the elements?” answer)
“This is called family or group.”

Notice the number in each group? Do you know

what information it gives you?

It tells you the number of electrons. Do you still

remember the meaning of valence electron? Sir! Valence electron give you the
number of electron at the outermost
This is the information you need to know in order energy level of the atom.
for you to determine whether atoms transfer, accept
or share electrons to become stable.

Why do we need to talk about the transfer or the

sharing of electrons? You will discover the answer
to this question as the discussion continue.

There are concepts you need to know in order to

fully understand why atoms form compounds. Let us
start with the basic information, the number of
valence electron, octet rule, electro negativity.

Let’s do the activity number 1, for you to know the

location of the metals, non-metal and noble gases in
the periodic table of elements.

(Divide the class into 4 groups)

(Let the students do the activity. Materials are

provided by the teacher) IN 10 MINUTES

The teacher will read the procedure.

(Pick 1 students in each to answer the four guide

question GQ1 for G1, GQ2 for G2, GQ3 For G3 and
GQ4 for G4)
Selected students of the group will
1. Where can you find metals, non-metals and
answer the following guide question for
noble gases in the periodic tables of
each group given by the teacher.
elements.
2. Which number will give you an idea on the
number of valence electron.
3. What do you notice in the number of valence
electron of metals, non-metals, and noble
gases?
4. What kind of element has:
a. Less than 4 valence electrons?
b. More than 4 valence electron?
c. Low electronegativity?
d. High electronegativity?
e. Low ionization energy?
f. High ionization energy?
The valence electrons are the electron directly
involve in forming bond to form compounds. It is
important that you know the number of valence
electron so that you can illustrate how bonds are
formed.

It is good that you have found out that metals have

low electronegativity and non- metals have high
electronegativity because this property plays an
important role in forming compounds.

“Do you know what electronegativity means

class?”

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an

atom to attract electrons, the higher its value, the
higher its tendency to attract electrons.

“How about ionization energy?”

Did you know that ionization energy is the energy

needed to pull or remove one or more electron/s
from a neutral atom?

The lower the ionization energy the easier to remove

its valence electron.

You can also show the number of valence electrons

through the Lewis Symbol.

This Lewis Symbol is composed of the chemical

symbol of the element and dots that represent the
number of valence electrons.

You have just learned the relationship among the

number of valence electrons, electronegativity, and
ionization energy.

Do you know why atoms are form compounds?

Have you heard about the octet rule? Atoms always
strive to attain the most stable arrangement of
electrons. Atoms are stable if their electrons have the
same kind of arrangement as that of the noble gases,
where the s and p orbitals are filled with electrons
except for helium where only the s orbitals are filled
up. All the noble gases except for helium have eight
valence electrons. The Octet rule tells you that
element gain or lose or share electrons to achieve the
electronic configuration with the nearest noble gas
in the periodic table.

“Example of metallic and nonmetallic element. “

“Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl)”

“Select one student to write the Lewis Symbol of the

elements on the board.”

“Take note of the electronegativity value of both

elements.

“Subtract the electronegativity value of the metallic

element from the nonmetallic element.

Na EN=0.90 Cl EN=3.0

Thus:

3.0 – 0.90 =2.1

“if the Difference is greater than 1.9, complete

transfer of electron/s is possible.

Na Cl

After ionic bonding, sodium (Na) became

isoelectronic with argon (Ar), thus both sodium and
chlorine attained stability. Isoelectronic means
sodium attained the same electronic configuration
with neon (Ne) and in the case of chlorine, it
acquired the same configuration with that of argon
(Ar). Thus both of them became stable.

Try aluminum and chlorine. Will they form an ionic

bond?

Al EN = 1.5 Cl EN = 3.0

Based on the difference in the EN values of Al and

Cl, the difference is only 1.5. these two elements
cannot form an ionic bond. In this case, there is not
enough energy to facilitate the complete transfer of
electrons. Instead, another bond is formed, the
covalent bond, in which sharing of electron takes
place. This sharing helps the Al and Cl atoms attain
stability.

There are two types of covalent bond.

1. Polar covalent bond- electrons are not

equally shared because one atom attract the
shared electron more than the other atom.
- If the electronegativity difference is less
than 1.9 and more than 0.4
2. Non-polar covalent bond- electrons are
shared equally.
 - if the electronegativity difference is equal
to 0.4 or less

c. Application

(Same group) You will write the Lewis Symbol of

the common metals and non-metals and show the
relationships among the number of valence electron,
electronegativity, and ionization energy.

Use the given periodic table of elements to

determine the number of valence electron refers to
the group number where it belongs in filling up the
table below.

Class do this activity in 5 minutes.

Table 1. Lewis Symbol of some elements

Element Family Lewis Electronegativity Ionization

or Symbol value energy
(Students will have their group activity)
group

Lithium
Fluorine
Sulfur
Calcium
Nitrogen (Students present their answers)
Aluminum

Then ask a student to answer the following

question. (IN 5 MINUTES)

Your answer will be at the back of your lab sheet.

1. Arrange these elements in increasing order:”

A. Valence electron
B. Electronegativity values
C. Ionization energy.
2. What do you notice with the number of
valence electrons, electronegativity values
and ionization energies of the elements?
3. What kind of element has the greatest
tendency to attract electrons? Why?
4. What kind of element requires high energy
to remove its valence electrons? Why?
IV. GENERALIZATION

Teacher’s Activity Students Activity

“I know you have learned a lot from this day’s

discussion, so anyone who can summarize the
lesson?

Call 2 students to summarize the topic. (Students raise their hands)

“thank you “

It is now clear to you that covalent bond result

from the sharing of electrons? Unlike ionic
bonds, there is no complete transfer of
electrons in covalent bond, just sharing of
electron.

In covalent bond, a paired of shared electrons

is equal to one (1) bond, notice that after the
sharing of electrons, each of atom in the
compound attains a stable configuration and a
covalent compound is formed. Such compound
could exist as independent unit called
molecules. As a whole the molecule does not
carry a charge.

Is everything clear class?

Yes Sir!

V. EVALUATION
Please get 1/4 sheet of paper for our short quiz. Write the electronegative values and identify what
kind of chemical bond.

“Ok Class pass your paper in front.”

 Answer Key:

VI. ASSIGNMENT

Teacher’s Activity Students Activity

For your assignment please research on THE

properties of metal and try to explain why
metals poses those properties.

Write it in your science notebook.

That’s all for today. See you all again next

meeting!

Class dismissed. Good Bye Class!

Good bye and Thank You Sir!

PREPARED BY: Junnel C. Maravilla

Science Teacher