MaHmoud Khlifa Almoghazy AliraQi

2nd CiViL Engineering

Section 21
 Properties OF Fresh Concrete
 Introduction
 The potential strength and durability of concrete of a given mix
proportion is very dependent on the degree of its compaction.
 It is vital, therefore, that the consistency of the mix be such that the
concrete can be transported, placed, and finished sufficiently early
enough to attain the expected strength and durability.
 Significance
 The first 48 hours are very important for the performance of the
concrete structure.
 It controls the long-term behavior, influence f'c (ultimate strength),
Ec (elastic modulus), creep, and durability.
 Properties OF Fresh Concrete
 Elasticity and Strength Of Concrete
 The elastic properties of materials are a measure of
their resistance to deformation under an applied load
(but the elastic strain is recovered when the load is
removed).
 Strength usually refers to the maximum stress that a
given kind of sample can carry.
 Understanding these properties and how they are
measured is essential for anyone wishing to use
materials
Main Prop. OF Fresh Concrete
 Concrete Consistency
 Consistency or fluidity of concrete is an important
component of workability and refers in a way to the
wetness of the concrete.
 However, it must not be assumed that the wetter the mix
the more workable it is. If a mix is too wet, segregation
may occur with resulting honeycomb, excessive bleeding,
and sand streaking on the formed surfaces
 Concrete Consistency
 On the other hand, if a mix is too dry it may be difficult to
place and compact, and segregation may occur because of
lack of cohesiveness and plasticity of the paste.
3 Ways to determine Consistency of Fresh Concrete
 Slump Test
 Definition
A slump test is a method used to determine the consistency of concrete. The
consistency, or stiffness, indicates how much water has been used in the mix.
The stiffness of the concrete mix should be matched to the requirements for
the finished product quality
Slump is a measurement of concrete’s workability, or fluidity.
It’s an indirect measurement of concrete consistency or stiffness.

 Principle
The slump test result is a measure of the behavior of a compacted inverted
cone of concrete under the action of gravity. It measures the consistency or
the wetness of concrete.
 Slump Test
 Apparatus
 Slump cone : frustum of a cone, 300 mm (12 in) of height.
The base is 200 mm (8in) in diameter and it has a smaller
opening at the top of 100 mm
 Scale for measurement,
 Temping rod(steel) 15mm diameter, 60cm length.
 Slump Test
 Procedure
 The base is placed on a smooth surface and the container is
filled with concrete in three layers, whose workability is to
be tested .
 Each layer is temped 25 times with a standard 16 mm (5/8 in)
diameter steel rod, rounded at the end.
 When the mold is completely filled with concrete, the top
surface is struck off (leveled with mold top opening) by
means of screening and rolling motion of the temping rod.
 The mold must be firmly held against its base during the
entire operation so that it could not move due to the pouring
of concrete and this can be done by means of handles or foot
– rests brazed to the mold.
 Slump Test
 Procedure
 Immediately after filling is completed and the concrete is
leveled, the cone is slowly and carefully lifted vertically, an
unsupported concrete will now slump.
 The decrease in the height of the center of the slumped
concrete is called slump.
 The slump is measured by placing the cone just besides the
slump concrete and the temping rod is placed over the cone
so that it should also come over the area of slumped
concrete.
 The decrease in height of concrete to that of mould is noted
with scale. (usually measured to the nearest 5 mm (1/4 in).
 Slump Test
 Precautions
 In order to reduce the influence on slump of the variation in
the surface friction, the inside of the mold and its base
should be moistened at the beginning of every test, and prior
to lifting of the mold the area immediately around the base
of the cone should be cleaned from concrete which may have
dropped accidentally.
 Slump Test
 Types Of Slump
The slumped concrete takes various shapes, and
according to the profile of slumped concrete, the slump is
termed as;
 Collapse Slump
 Shear Slump
 True Slump
 Slump Test
 Types Of Slump
 Collapse Slump
In a collapse slump the concrete collapses completely.
A collapse slump will generally mean that the mix is too wet or that it
is a high workability mix, for which slump test is not appropriate.
 Shear Slump
In a shear slump the top portion of the concrete shears off and slips
sideways. OR
If one-half of the cone slides down an inclined plane, the slump is said
to be a shear slump.
If a shear or collapse slump is achieved, a fresh sample should be
taken and the test is repeated.
If the shear slump persists, as may the case with harsh mixes, this is
an indication of lack of cohesion of the mix.
 Slump Test
 Types Of Slump
 True Slump
In a true slump the concrete simply subsides, keeping more or less to
shape
This is the only slump which is used in various tests.

Mixes of stiff consistence have a Zero slump, so that in the rather dry
range no variation can be detected between mixes of different
workability.
However , in a lean mix with a tendency to harshness, a true slump
can easily change to the shear slump type or even to collapse, and
widely different values of slump can be obtained in different samples
from the same mix; thus, the slump test is unreliable for lean mixes.
 Slump Test
 Uses
 The slump test is used to ensure uniformity for different
batches of similar concrete under field conditions and to
ascertain the effects of plasticizers on their introduction.
 This test is very useful on site as a check on the day-to-day or
hour- to-hour variation in the materials being fed into the
mixer. An increase in slump may mean, for instance, that the
moisture content of aggregate has unexpectedly increases.
 Other cause would be a change in the grading of the aggregate,
such as a deficiency of sand.
 Too high or too low a slump gives immediate warning and
enables the mixer operator to remedy the situation.
 This application of slump test as well as its simplicity, is
responsible for its widespread use.
 Slump Test
Degree of Compacting Use for which concrete
Slump (mm)
workability Factor is suitable

Very dry mixes; used in road

Very low 0 - 25 0.78 making. Roads vibrated by
power operated machines

Low workability mixes; used for

foundations with light
Low 25 - 50 0.85 reinforcement. Roads vibrated
by hand operated Machines

Medium workability mixes;

manually compacted flat slabs
using crushed aggregates.
Medium 50 - 100 0.92 Normal reinforced concrete
manually compacted and
heavily reinforced sections with
vibrations

High workability concrete;

for sections with congested
High 100 - 175 0.95 reinforcement. Not normally
suitable for vibration

>Table : Workability, Slump and Compacting Factor of concrete with 19 or 38 mm (3/4 or 11/2 in) maximum size of aggregate.
 Slump Test
Slump (mm) 0 - 20 20 - 40 40 - 120 120 - 200 200 - 220

Consistency Dry Stiff Plastic Wet Sloppy

>Table : Relation between Consistency and Slump values

 Slump Test
 Difference in Standards
The slump test is referred to in several testing and building code, with minor
differences in the details of performing the test.
United States
 In the United States, engineers use the ASTM standards and AASHTO
specifications when referring to the concrete slump test. The American
standards explicitly state that the slump cone should have a height of 12-in, a
bottom diameter of 8-in and an upper diameter of 4-in. The ASTM standards
also state in the procedure that when the cone is removed, it should be lifted up
vertically, without any rotational movement at all The concrete slump test is
known as "Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete" and
carries the code (ASTM C 143) or (AASHTO T 119).
United Kingdom & Europe
 In the United Kingdom, the Standards specify a slump cone height of 300-mm, a
bottom diameter of 200-mm and a top diameter of 100-mm. The British
Standards do not explicitly specify that the cone should only be lifted vertically.
The slump test in the British standards was first (BS 1881–102) and is now
replaced by the European Standard (BS EN 12350-2)
 Flow Test
 Definition
The flow table test or flow test is a method to determine the
consistence of fresh concrete.
Application When fresh concrete is delivered to a site by a truck
mixer it is sometimes necessary to check its consistence before
pouring it into formwork.
If the consistence is not correct, the concrete will not have the
desired qualities once it has set, particularly the desired strength. If
the concrete is too pasty, it may result in cavities within the concrete
which leads to corrosion of the rebar, eventually leading to the
formation of cracks (as the rebar expands as it corrodes) which will
accelerate the whole process, rather like insufficient concrete cover.
Cavities will also lower the stress the concrete is able to support.
 Flow Test
 Equipment
 Flow table with a grip and a hinge, 70 cm x 70 cm.
 Abrams cone, open at the top and at the bottom - 30 cm high,
17 cm top diameter, 25 cm base diameter
 Water bucket and broom for wetting the flow table.
 Tamping rod, 60 cm height
 Scale for measurement
 Flow Test
 Conducting
 The flow table is wetted.
 The cone is placed on the flow table and filled with fresh
concrete in two layers, each layer 25 times tamp with
tamping rod.
 The cone is lifted, allowing the concrete to flow.
 The flow table is then lifted up several centimeters and
then dropped, causing the concrete flow a little bit
further.
 After this the diameter of the concrete is measured in a 6
different direction and take the average.
Flow Test
 Flow Test

Percent of
0 – 20 % 20 – 60 % 60 – 100 % 100 – 120 % 120 – 150 %
Flow

Consistency Dry Stiff Plastic Wet Sloppy

Ball Penetration Test (Kelly Ball)
 Ball Penetration Test (Kelly Ball)
 Definition
Another method used in the field and laboratory to
measure the consistency of concrete is the ball
penetration test (ASTM C360) which is also known as the
Kelly ball test*.

 Procedure
It is performed by measuring the penetration, in inches,
of a 6-in. diameter steel cylinder with a hemi spherically
shaped bottom , weighing 30 lbs.
 Ball Penetration Test (Kelly Ball)
 Advantages
 One of the advantages of the ball penetration test can be
performed on the concrete in a hopper, buggy,
wheelbarrow, or other suitable container.
 Another advantage of this method is its simplicity and the
rapidity with which the consistency of the concrete can be
determined.
 It is also not dependent on a procedure of filling and
rodding a container like the slump test.
What Difference Between … ?
 What Difference Between … ?
 Penetration Test (Kelly Ball)
 This is a simple field test consisting of the measurement of the
indentation made by15 cm diameter metal hemisphere weighing
13.6 kg. when freely placed on fresh concrete . The test has been
devised by Kelly and hence known as Kelly Ball Test. This has not
been covered by Indian Standards Specification. The advantages of
this test is that it can be performed on the concrete placed in site
and it is claimed that this test can be performed faster with a
greater precision than slump test.
 What Difference Between … ?
 Slump Test
 Slump test is the most commonly used method of measuring
consistency of concrete which can be employed either in
laboratory or at site of work. It is not a suitable method for
very wet or very dry concrete. It does not measure all factors
contributing to workability, nor is it always representative of
the placability of the concrete.
 The apparatus for conducting the slump test essentially
consists of a metallic mold in the form of a frustum of a cone
having the internal dimensions as under:
 Bottom diameter : 20 cm
Top diameter : 10 cm
Height : 30 cm
 Concrete Workability
 Definition
 The property of fresh concrete which is indicated by the amount of
useful internal work required to fully compact the concrete
without bleeding or segregation in the finished product.

 Workability is one of the physical parameters of concrete which

affects the strength and durability as well as the cost of labor and
appearance of the finished product

 Concrete is said to be workable when it is easily placed and

compacted homogeneously i.e without bleeding or
Segregation. Unworkable concrete needs more work or effort to
be compacted in place, also honeycombs &/or pockets may also be
visible in finished concrete.
 Concrete Workability
 Factors affecting workability
 Water content in the concrete mix
 Amount of cement & its Properties
 Aggregate Grading (Size Distribution)
 Nature of Aggregate Particles (Shape, Surface Texture,
Porosity etc.)
 Temperature of the concrete mix
 Humidity of the environment
 Mode of compaction
 Method of placement of concrete
 Method of transmission of concrete
 Concrete Workability
 How To improve the workability of concrete
 increase water/cement ratio
 increase size of aggregate
 use well-rounded and smooth aggregate instead of irregular
shape
 increase the mixing time
 increase the mixing temperature
 use non-porous and saturated aggregate
 with addition of air-entraining mixtures

An on site simple test for determining workability is the SLUMP

TEST.
 Compacting Factor Test
 Introduction
 These tests were developed in the UK by Glanville
( 1947 ) and it is measure the degree of compaction For
the standard amount of work and thus offer a direct and
reasonably reliable assessment of the workability Of
concrete . the test require measurement of the weight of
the partially and fully compacted concrete and the ratio
the partially compacted weight to the fully compacted
weight, which is always less than one, is known as
compacted factor .
 For the normal range of concrete the compacting factor
lies between 0.8 - 0.92
 Compacting Factor Test
 Apparatus
 Trowels
 Hand Scoop (15.2 cm long)
 Rod of steel or other suitable material
(1.6 cm diameter, 61 cm long rounded
at one end ).
 Balance.
 Compacting Factor Test
 Procedure
1) Ensure the apparatus and associated equipment are clean before test
and free from hardened concrete and superfluous water .
2) Weigh the bottom cylinder to nearest 10gm , put it back on the stand
and cover it up with a pair of floats .
3) Gently fill the upper hopper with the sampled concrete to the level of
the rim with use of a scoop .
4) Immediately open the trap door of the upper hopper and allow the
sampled concrete to fall into the middle hopper .
5) Remove the floats on top of the bottom cylinder and open the trap
door of the middle hopper allowing the sampled concrete to fall into
the bottom cylinder .
6) Remove the surplus concrete above the top of the bottom cylinder by
holding a float in each hand and move towards each other to cut off
the concrete across the top of cylinder
 Compacting Factor Test
1) Wipe clean the outside of cylinder of concrete and weigh to nearest
10gm .
2) Subtract the weight of empty cylinder from the weight of cylinder
plus concrete to obtain the weight of partially compacted concrete .
3) Remove the concrete from the cylinder and refill with sampled
concrete in layers .
4) Compact each layer thoroughly with the standard Compacting Bar to
achieve full compaction .
5) Float off the surplus concrete to top of cylinder and wipe it clean .
6) Weigh the cylinder to nearest 10gm and subtract the weight of empty
cylinder from the weight of cylinder plus concrete to obtain the
weight of fully compacted concrete .
 Compacting Factor Test

Workability Slump (mm) C.F Uses

Very Low 0 - 25 0.78 Roads - Pavements

Low 25 - 50 0.85 Foundations Concrete

Medium 25 - 100 0.92 Reinforced Concrete

Reinforced Concrete
High 100 - 175 0.95 (High Reinforcement)
VeBe Time Test
 VeBe Time Test
 Definition
 It is based on measuring the time (Called VEBE time) needed to transfer the
shape of a concrete mix from a frustum cone to a cylinder (these shapes are
standardized by the apparatus of this test), by vibrating and compacting the
mix. The more VEBE time needed the less workable the mix is. This method
is very useful for stiff mixes.
 Apparatus
 Cylindrical container with diameter = 240 mm, and height = 200 mm
 Mold: the same mold used in the slump test.
 Disc : A transparent horizontal disc attached to a rod which slides vertically
 Vibrating Table : 380*260 mm, supported by four rubber shock absorbers
 Tamping Rod
 Stop watch
 VeBe Time Test
 Procedure
1) Slump test as described earlier is performed, placing the slump
cone inside the sheet metal cylindrical pot of the consist meter.
2) The glass disc attached to the swivel arm is turn and place on the
top of the concrete in the pot.
3) The electrical vibrator is then switched on and simultaneously a
stop watch started.
4) The vibration is continued till such time as the conical shape of
the concrete disappears and the concrete assume a cylindrical
shape.
5) This can be judge by observing the glass disc from the top
disappearance of transparency.
6) Immediately when the concrete fully assume a cylindrical shape,
the stop watch is switched off.
 VeBe Time Test
1) The time required for the shape of concrete to change from slump
cone shape to cylindrical shape in second is known as Vibe
Degree.
2) This method is very suitable for very dry concrete whose slump
value cannot be measure by slump test, but the vibration is too
vigorous for concrete with slump greater than about 50m.

The test fails if VeBe Time is less than 5 seconds .. And the test must
be created when no collapse or shears slump in concrete
 Concrete Segregation
 Definition
 Segregation is when the coarse and fine aggregate, and cement
paste, become separated. Segregation may happen when the
concrete is mixed, transported, placed or compacted

 Segregation makes the concrete

 WEAKER,
 LESS DURABLE,
 and will leave A POOR SURFACE FINISH ^_*
 Concrete Segregation
 Basic types of segregation
 Coarse segregation : Occurs when gradation is shifted to include too
much coarse aggregate and not enough fine aggregate. Coarse
segregation is characterized by low asphalt content, low density, high
air voids, rough surface texture, and accelerated rutting and fatigue
failure (Williams et. al., 1996b). Typically, coarse segregation is
considered the most prevalent and damaging type of segregation; thus
segregation research has typically focused on coarse segregation. The
term “segregation” by itself is usually taken to mean “coarse
segregation.”
 Fine segregation : Occurs when gradation is shifted to include too
much fine aggregate and not enough course aggregate. High asphalt
content, low density, smooth surface texture, accelerated rutting, and
better fatigue performance characterize fine segregation (Williams,
Duncan and White, 1996).
 Concrete Segregation
 To Avoid Segregation
 Check the concrete is not 'too wet' or 'too dry'.
 Make sure the concrete is properly mixed. It is important that the
concrete is mixed at the correct speed in a transit mixer for at least
two minutes immediately prior to discharge.
 The concrete should be placed as soon as possible.
 When transporting the mix, load carefully.
 Always pour new concrete into the face of concrete already in
place.
 When compacting with a poker vibrator be sure to use it carefully
 Concrete Segregation
 To Avoid Segregation
 If placing concrete straight from a truck, pour vertically and never
let the concrete fall more than one-and-a-half meters.
Concrete Bleeding
 Concrete Bleeding
 Introduction
 This refers to the appearance of water along with cement particles on the
surface of the freshly laid concrete. This happens when there is excessive
quantity of water in the mix or due to excessive compaction. Bleeding
causes the formation of pores and renders the concrete weak. Bleeding can
be avoided by suitably controlling the quantity of water in the concrete and
using finer grading of aggregates.

 A thorough knowledge of why concrete bleeds and how mix proportions

affect it, is required to preventing the harmful effects of bleeding. Adoption
of right finishing methods also helps to ensure that the bleeding problems
won't ruin a slab surface.
 Concrete Bleeding
 Bleeding Process
 Almost all freshly placed concrete bleeds. As aggregate and cement particles
settle, they force excess mixing water upward. The process continues until
settlement stops, either because of solids bridging or because the concrete has
set.
 The total amount of bleeding or settlement depends on mix properties, primarily
water content and amount of fines (cement, fly ash, fine sand). Increasing water
content increases bleeding, and increasing the amount of fines reduces bleeding.
Amount of bleeding is also proportional to the depth of concrete placed. More
bleed water rises in deep sections than in thin ones.
 Bleeding usually occurs gradually by uniform seepage over the whole surface, but
sometimes vertical channels form. Water flows fast enough in these channels to
carry fine particles of cement and sand, leaving "wormholes" in the interior or
sand streaks at the form face. Channels are more likely to form when concrete
bleeds excessively.
 Channels that reach the surface are open paths for deicing solutions to penetrate
the concrete. This leads to freezing and thawing damage and rebar corrosion.
 Concrete Bleeding
 Effects Of Excessive bleeding in Deep Section
 Sometimes bleedwater can't entirely evaporate because it has been trapped
near the top surface by setting. This raises the water-cement ratio, increases
permeability, and lowers strength. Excessive bleeding also causes some other
problems in deep sections: heavy laitance accumulation at horizontal
construction joints; bond loss at aggregate and rebar surfaces; and unsightly
sand streaks.

 Bleeding Problems in Flatwork

 Never float or trowel concrete while there's bleedwater on the surface. That's
the cardinal rule of finishing. Finishing before bleedwater has evaporated
can cause dusting, craze cracking, scaling, and low wear resistance. Working
bleed-water into the surface also increases permeability.
 Concrete Bleeding
 How to control bleeding
 Excessive bleeding can be avoided. Don't add too much water to the concrete.
Most of the water added to make placing easier bleeds out of the concrete.
Any time saved during placement will be lost while waiting for the
bleedwater to evaporate. Place concrete at the lowest possible slump. If you
need a higher slump to speed placement, consider using a super plasticizer.
Add additional concrete fines to reduce bleeding. The fines may come from a
number of sources:
 Use a more finely ground cement. Concretes made with high early strength (Type
III) cement bleed less because the cement is ground finer than normal (Type I)
cement.
 Use more cement. At the same water content, rich mixes bleed less than lean mixes.
 Use fly ash or other pozzolans in the concrete.
 If concrete sands don't have much material passing the No. 50 and 100 sieves, blend
in a fine blow sand at the batch plant.
 For air- entrained concrete, use the maximum allowable amount of entrained air.
Consider using an air- entraining agent whenever excessive bleeding is a problem.
Entrained air bubbles act as additional fines. Air entrainment also lowers the
amount of water needed to reach a desired slump.
 ‫‪Determination Of Bleeding Water For Fresh Concrete‬‬
‫اختبار النضح للخرسانة الطازجة‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 8 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬

‫‪ ‬الهـــــــدف‬
‫تعيين كمية المياه النسبية المنضوحة للخرسانة الطازجة ) الخرسانة العادية و‬
‫خرسانة الهواء المحبوس (‬
‫وهو يتوقف على طريقة الدمك المستخدمة فى الموقع‬
‫‪ ‬أول ‪ :‬العينات المدموكة بقضيب الدمك‬
‫الجهـــزة‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫إناء اسطوانى‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ميزان‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫سحاحة ماء‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫أنبوبة اختبار‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫قضيب دمك‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫مسطرين‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫سخان كهربي‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ميزان حساس‬ ‫‪‬‬

 ‫‪Determination Of Bleeding Water For Fresh Concrete‬‬
‫اختبار النضح للخرسانة الطازجة‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 8 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬
‫خطوات اجراء الختبار بالطريقة الولى‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ملء الوعاء بالخرسانة بالكامل ثم يسوى السطح‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫يسجل وقت بداية التجربة‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫يسجل كتلة الناء ومحتواه الخرسانى‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ل يتم رفع الناء السطوانة من حول العينة إل فى حالة سحب مياه النضح‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫تسحب مياه النضح كل ‪ 10‬دقائق خلل الـ ‪ 40‬دقيقة الولى ثم كل ‪ 30‬دقيقة بعد ذلك حتى يتوقف نضح الخرسانة وتوضع‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫هذه المياه فى أنبوبة الختبار المدرجة وتسجل كمية المياه المتراكمة فى النبوبة بعد كل مرة سحب‬
‫يتم إيقاف الساعة عند الوصول إلى كمية المياه المحدودة بمعرفة الستشارى‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫تم تحديد وزن الماء الصافى للماء المنضوح وذلك بوضعه فى القدح ثم وضعه على السخان ثم يحسب وزن القدح بعد تبخر‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫المياه وزن الماء الصافى = وزن القدح بالماء – وزن القدح بعد تبخر المياه‬
‫حجم مياه النضح )‪(V‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ V1‬حجم الماء المجمع عند أى زمن ) المنضوح (‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ A‬مساحة الخرسانة‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫يحدد معدل النضح بمقارنة قيمة ‪ V‬فى كل مرحلة زمنية متساوية‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫يحسب وزن ماء النضح المتجمع كنسبة من وزن الماء الصافى الموجود بعينة الختبار‬
‫وزن ماء النضح بالحجم ) جم( =‪W1‬‬

‫وزن الماء فى عينة الختبار =‪W2‬‬

‫وزن الماء الصافى بالخلطة =‪ )=W3‬وزن الماء الكلى – وزن الماء الممتص بالركام (‬
‫الوزن الكلى للخلطة =‪W4‬‬
‫وزن عينة الختبار =‪W5‬‬
‫‪Determination Of Bleeding Water For Fresh Concrete‬‬
‫اختبار النضح للخرسانة الطازجة‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 8 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬

‫‪ ‬ثانيا ً ‪ :‬العينات المدموكة بالهز‬

‫الجهـــزة‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫منضدة اهتزاز‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ساعة ايقاف‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫إناء مخروطى‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ميزان‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫سحاحة ماء‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫انبوبة اختبار ‪ 100‬سم مكعب‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫قضيب دمك‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫مسطرين‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫سخان كهربى‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ميزان حساس‬ ‫‪‬‬

 ‫‪Determination Of Bleeding Water For Fresh Concrete‬‬
‫اختبار النضح للخرسانة الطازجة‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 8 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬

‫خطوات اجراء الختبار بالطريقة الثانية‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬وضع العينة فى الناء المخروطى حتى ارتفاع يساوى متوسط قطرى المخروط‬
‫‪ ‬يوضع الناء المخروطى فوق المنضدة الهزازة ويثبت جيدا ويتم دمك العينة بالهز‬
‫‪ ‬يتم إيقاف عملية الهز بمجرد ظهور مياه النضح‬
‫‪ ‬يغطى الناء المخروطى ويتم عمل هزات متتالية ) ‪ 3‬ثوانى ( للتشغيل ثم فترة إيقاف‬
‫بين كل هزة والخرى ) ‪ 30‬ثانية (‬
‫‪ ‬يحدد الحجم الكلى للماء المنضوح كما سبق فى الطريقة الولى‬
‫‪ ‬مع مراعاة أن نتائج الختبار تتأثر باختلف درجات الحرارة لذلك يفضل أن تكون‬
‫درجات الحرارة أثناء التجربة مماثلة لدرجة حرارة الموقع‬
Secondary Prop. OF Fresh Concrete
‫)‪Determination Of Air Content (Volumetric Method‬‬
‫اختبار تعيين محتوى الهواء المحبوس بالطريقة الحجمية‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 6 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬

‫‪ ‬الهـــــــدف‬
‫تحديد محتوى الهواء المحجوز داخل الخرسانة الطازجة‬
‫) بالنسبة للخرسانات المحتويةعلى إضافات أو مواد إحللية للسمنت ) غبار‬
‫السيليكا أو بدونها (‬
‫ويستخدم هذا الختبار للخرسانة المستخدم فيها أى نوع من الركام‬
‫الجهـــزة‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫عداد هوائى قياسى‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫القمع‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫قضيب الدمك‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫كوب قياس‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫سرنجة‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫وعاء تفريغ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫مسطرين تسوية ومغرفة‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫كحول اليزوبوربيل‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫مطرقة مطاطية‬ ‫‪‬‬

 ‫)‪Determination Of Air Content (Volumetric Method‬‬
‫اختبار تعيين محتوى الهواء المحبوس بالطريقة الحجمية‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 6 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬

‫خطوات اجراء الختبار‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ - ‬مرحلة الدمك ) يملء القدح على ثلث طبقات من الخرسانة الطازجة وتدمك كل طبقة ‪ 25‬مرة‬
‫( ويتم الدق على جوانب القدح بالمطرقة المطاطية للتخلص من الهواء المحبوس‬
‫‪ ‬مرحلة التسوية ) يتم تسوية السطح (‬
‫‪ ‬مرحلة إضافة الماء ) يثبت القطاع العلوى فوق القدح ويضاف الماء بواسطة القمع حتى‬
‫يظهر بالرقبة – ثم يرفع القمع ثم يضبط منسوب الماء حتى علمة الصفر بواسطة‬
‫السرنجة (‬
‫‪ ‬مرحلة الهـز ) يتم قلب وهز الوحدات للتخلص من الهواء المحبوس حتى ثبات عمود الماء فى‬
‫النبوبة(‬
‫‪ ‬طرد الفقاقيع ) يتم إضافة ‪ 1‬سم‪ 3‬من الكحول بواسطة السرنجة للتخلص من أى فقاعات‬
‫متواجدة فوق سطح عمود الماء (‬
‫‪ ‬القــــراءة ) يتم قراءة ارتفاع السائل الموجود بالنبوبة المدرجة لقرب ‪( % 0.01‬‬

‫‪ ‬النتائج‬
‫نسبة الهواء فى الخرسانة = ارتفاع السائل بالنبوبة المدرجة ‪ +‬كمية الكحول المضافة‬
 ‫)‪Determination Of Air Content (Pressure Method‬‬
‫اختبار تعيين محتوى الهواء المحبوس بطريقة الضغط‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 7 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬

‫‪ ‬الهـــــــدف‬
‫هو تحديد مقدار الهواء المحجوز فى الخرسانة الطازجة والذى يمثل الهواء‬
‫الموجود داخل الخرسانة فقط دون الركام ) الركام المستخدم ذو مسامية‬
‫صغيرة جدا (‬

‫‪ ‬الجهـــزة‬
‫‪ ‬عدد ‪ 2‬عداد هوائى قياسى‬
‫إناء معايره‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫انبوبة رشاشة ) بخاخة(‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫مسطرين‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫قضيب الدمك – الغز ‪ -‬التسوية‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫مطرقة من المطاط‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫القمع‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫إناء لوضع الماء‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫هزاز ‪ +‬منخل ‪ 37.5‬مم‬ ‫‪‬‬

 ‫)‪Determination Of Air Content (Pressure Method‬‬
‫اختبار تعيين محتوى الهواء المحبوس بطريقة الضغط‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 7 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬

‫خطوات اجراء الختبار‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬أول باستخدام العداد ) أ (‬

‫‪ -1‬يجب التأكد من نظافة جميع السطح المستخدمة فى الختبار‬
‫‪ -2‬يملء الجهاز بالماء حتى منتصف النبوبة المدرجة‬
‫‪ -3‬يتم إمالة الجهاز ‪ 30‬درجة على المحور الرأسى ويترك للتخلص من الهواء المحبوس‬
‫‪ -4‬يعاد الجهاز لوضعه الصلى ثم يملء الجهاز بالماء حتى منسوب الصفر‬
‫‪ -5‬يتم التاثير بضغط ‪ p = 1380‬بسكال عند منسوب الصفر** تؤخذ قراءة عامود الماء بالنبوبة‬
‫وليكن ‪H1‬‬
‫‪ -6‬يخفض الضغط تدريجيا حتى يصل صفر خلل دقيقتين عن طريق فتح السدادة العلوية‬
‫للجهاز ويتم تحديد ارتفاع عمود الماء فى النبوبة وليكن ‪ H2‬عند الضغط ‪= 0.00 P‬‬
‫‪ -7‬كمية الهواء الظاهـرى ‪Aap‬‬
‫تكرر الخطوة السابقة وتؤخذ المتوسطات بحيث تكون الختلف فى النتائج فى حدود ‪% 20‬‬
 ‫)‪Determination Of Air Content (Pressure Method‬‬
‫اختبار تعيين محتوى الهواء المحبوس بطريقة الضغط‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 7 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬

‫خطوات اجراء الختبار‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬ثانيـا باستخدام العداد ) ب (‬

‫‪ -1‬يجب التأكد من نظافة جميع السطح المستخدمة فى الختبار‬
‫‪ -2‬تثبيت الجهاز‬
‫‪ -3‬التخلص من الهواء الموجود عن طريق ) غلق صمام الهواء ( وملء القدح بالماء عن‬
‫طريق فتحتى الماء يتم خروج الماء من الفتحة الخرى مصاحبا مع الهواء مع مراعاة الرج‬
‫أثناء مرور الماء‬
‫‪ -4‬قفل صمام الهواء ويسمح بمرور الهواء داخل الغرفة حتى تصل قراءة العداد إلى خط‬
‫الضغط البتدائى‬
‫‪ -5‬يبرد الهواء المضغوط‬
‫‪ -6‬يثبت العداد اليدوى عند خط الضغط البتدائى‬
‫‪ -7‬تغلق فتحتى الماء الموجودتين بغطاء الجهاز‬
‫‪ -8‬يفتح صمام الهواء بين القدح وغرفة الهواء مع الطرق على جوانب الناء‬
‫‪ -9‬يتم قراءة قيم الضغط الموجودة بالعداد‬
‫‪ -10‬كمية الهواء بالعينة المختبرة ) ‪( A‬‬
‫حيث ‪ Cf‬هى معامل التصحيح للركام‬
‫‪ -11‬كمية الهواء بالخليط الكلى ‪ Ac‬عندما يكون المقاس العتبارى للركام أكبر من ‪ 37.5‬مم‬
‫)‪Determination Of Air Content (Pressure Method‬‬
‫اختبار تعيين محتوى الهواء المحبوس بطريقة الضغط‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 7 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬

‫حيث‬
‫‪ = V1‬الحجم المطلق لمكونات الخليط المار من منخل ‪37.5‬‬
‫‪ = V2‬الحجم المطلق لكل مكونات الخليط‬
‫‪ = Vg‬الحجم المطلق للركام الذى مقاسه العتبار ‪37.5‬‬
‫‪ -11‬كمية الهواء بالمونة الموجودة بالخرسانة ‪Am‬‬

‫حيث‬
‫‪ = Vm‬الحجم المطلق لمكونات المونة بالخليط‬
‫ويتم مقارنة النتائج بالقيم التالية حسب مقاس الركام‬
‫‪ % 7‬فى حالة استخدام ركام بمقاس اعتبار أكبر من ‪ 10‬مم‬
‫‪ % 6‬فى حالة استخدام ركام بمقاس اعتبار أكبر من ‪ 15‬مم‬
‫‪ % 5‬فى حالة استخدام ركام بمقاس اعتبار أكبر من ‪ 20‬مم‬
‫‪ % 4‬فى حالة استخدام ركام بمقاس اعتبار أكبر من ‪ 40‬مم‬
‫)‪Determination Of Air Content (Pressure Method‬‬
‫اختبار تعيين محتوى الهواء المحبوس بطريقة الضغط‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 7 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬
 ‫‪Determination Of Density‬‬
‫اختبار تعيين كثافة الخرسانة الطازجة المدموكة‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 9 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬

‫‪ ‬الهـــــــدف‬

‫‪ ‬الجهـــزة‬
‫‪ ‬ميزان‬
‫‪ ‬وعاء‬
‫‪ ‬جاروف قياسى‬
‫‪ ‬قضيب دمك – هز‬
‫‪ ‬مسطرين‬
‫‪ ‬مسطرة مدرجة‬
‫‪ ‬سحاحة زجاجية‬
‫‪ ‬حوض لتجهيز العينة‬
‫‪ ‬جاروف بفتحة مربعة‬
 ‫‪Determination Of Density‬‬
‫اختبار تعيين كثافة الخرسانة الطازجة المدموكة‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 9 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬

‫خطوات اجراء الختبار‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ -1 ‬ملء الوعاء بالخرسانة‬

‫‪ -2‬يتم التخلص من الهواء الموجود بقدر المكان وذلك بوضع الخرسانة على ثلث‬
‫طبقات متساوية وتدمك كل طبقة بقضيب الدمك أو الهزاز ثم يسوى السطح‬
‫‪ -3‬يتم وزن الوعاء بمحتوياته‬
‫‪ -4‬وزن الخرسانة المدموكة = وزن الوعاء بمحتوياته ‪ -‬وزن الوعاء فارغ‬
‫‪ -5‬الكثـافة ‪D‬‬
‫‪(Determination Of Setting Time (Penetration Resistance‬‬
‫اختبار مقاومة الختراق لتعيين زمن الشك للخرسانة‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 10 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬

‫‪ ‬الهـــــــدف‬
‫زمن شك الخرسانة البتدائى‬
‫الزمن بين فترة إضافة الماء للسمنت ووصول مقاومة الخرسانة للختراق إلى ‪3.50‬‬
‫نيوتن ‪ /‬مم‪2‬‬
‫زمن سك الخرسانة النهائى‬
‫الزمن بين فترة إضافة الماء للسمنت ووصول مقاومة الخرسانة للختراق إلى ‪27.6‬‬
‫نيوتن ‪ /‬مم‪2‬‬
‫‪ ‬الجهـــزة‬
‫‪ ‬الوعية القياسية‬
‫‪ ‬جهاز مقاومة الختراق‬
‫‪ ‬قضيب الدمك‬
‫‪ ‬ماصة‬
 ‫‪(Determination Of Setting Time (Penetration Resistance‬‬
‫اختبار مقاومة الختراق لتعيين زمن الشك للخرسانة‬
‫اختبار رقم ) ‪ ( 10 – 6‬الكود المصرى‬

‫خطوات اجراء الختبار‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ -1 ‬إزالة ماء النضح من العينة بواسطة الماصة ) وذلك بامالة العينة بزاوية ‪ 15 – 10‬درجة‬
‫لمدة كافية‬
‫‪ -2 ‬تثبيت إبرة الختراق والجهاز بحيث تلمس البرة سطح العينة‬
‫‪ -3 ‬يتم الضغط على الجهاز تدريجيا حتى يصل اختراق البرة إلى ‪ 25‬مم ) علمة البرة (‬
‫‪ -4 ‬يجب أن يتم هذا الختراق خلل ) ‪ ( 10‬ثوانى‬
‫‪ -5 ‬تسجل القوة المطلوبة للختراق ‪ ،‬ووقت الختراق محسوبا من لحظة إضافة الماء‬
‫للسمنت‬
‫‪ -6 ‬تؤخذ القراءات كل ساعة للخلطات العادية وتؤخذ قراءة الشك البتدائى بعد ‪ 3‬ساعات‬
‫من لحظة إضافة الماء للخلطة‬
‫‪ • ‬بالنسبة للخلطات سريعة التصلد يجب أخذ قراءة الشك البتدائى خلل ساعة أو‬
‫ساعتين) ‪( 2 – 1‬‬
‫‪ • ‬بالنسبة للخلطات بطيئـة التصلد يجب أخذ قراءة الشك البتدائى خلل أربعةأو ستة‬
‫ساعات )‪( 6–4‬‬
‫‪ • ‬مع مراعاة أل يقل عدد القراءات فى كل اختبار عن ‪ 6‬قراءات ويجب الستمرار فى‬
‫أخذ القراءات حتى تصل مقاومة الختراق ‪ 27.6‬نيوتن ‪ /‬مم‪2‬‬
6 Tests to determine SCC Properties (Self Consolidating Concrete)
 Slump Flow Test
 Definition
 The slump flow test aims at investigating the filling ability of SCC. It
measures two parameters: flow spread and flow time T50 (optional). The
former indicates the free, unrestricted deformability and the latter indicates
the rate of deformation within a defined flow distance.
 Apparatus
 Base plate of size at least 900 × 900 mm
 Abrams cone with the internal upper/lower diameter equal to 100/200 mm
and the height of 300 mm
 Weight ring (>9 kg) for keeping Abrams cone in place during sample filling
 Stopwatch
 Ruler (graduated in mm)
 Bucket with a capacity of larger than 6 liters
 Moist sponge or towel for wetting the inner surface of the cone
 Slump Flow Test
 Procedure
 Place the cleaned base plate in a stable and level position.
 Fill the bucket with 6~7 litres of representative fresh SCC and let the
sample stand still for about 1 minute (± 10 seconds)
 During the 1 minute waiting period pre-wet the inner surface of the
cone and the test surface of the base plate using the moist sponge or
towel, and place the cone in the centre on the 200 mm circle of the
base plate and put the weight ring on the top of the cone to keep it
in place. (If a heavy cone is used, or the cone is kept in position by
hand no weight ring is needed)
 Fill the cone with the sample from the bucket without any external
compacting action such as rodding or vibrating. The surplus
concrete above the top of the cone should be struck off, and any
concrete remaining on the base plate should be removed
 Slump Flow Test
 Procedure
 After a short rest (no more than 30 seconds for cleaning and
checking the moist state of the test surface), lift the cone
perpendicular to the base plate in a single movement, in such a
manner that the concrete is allowed to flow out freely without
obstruction from the cone, and start the stopwatch the moment the
cone looses contact with the base plate.
 Stop the stopwatch when the front of the concrete first touches the
circle of diameter 500 mm. The stopwatch reading is recorded as the
T50 value. The test is completed when the concrete flow has ceased
 Measure the largest diameter of the flow spread, dmax, and the one
perpendicular to it, dperp, using the ruler (reading to nearest 5
mm). Care should be taken to prevent the ruler from bending.
 Slump Flow Test
 Expression Of Results
 The slump flow spread S is the average of diameters d and d , as shown in
max perp

Equation (1). S is expressed in mm to the nearest 5 mm

 The slump flow time T50 is the period between the moment the cone leaves
the base plate and SCC first touches the circle of diameter 500 mm. T50 is
expressed in seconds to the nearest 1/10 seconds
 Slump Flow Test
 Precision
 In accordance with ISO 5725, the repeatability r is defined as the
difference between two consecutive test values by the same operator
with the same apparatus that should be exceeded only once in 20 times,
and reproducibility R is defined as the difference between two
consecutive test values by different operators with different apparatus
that should be exceeded only once in 20 times
 Based on the inter-laboratory test organized in the EU-project “Testing-
SCC” (GRD2-2000-30024/G6RD-CT-2001-00580) with 2 replicates and 16
operators from 8 laboratories, the values of repeatability and
reproducibility of the slump flow spread and flow time T50 are listed in
Table 1
Slump Flow Test
 L-Box Test
 Definition
 The method aims at investigating the passing ability of SCC. It measures
the reached height of fresh SCC after passing through the specified gaps
of steel bars and flowing within a defined flow distance. With this
reached height, the passing or blocking behavior of SCC can be
estimated
 Apparatus
 Two types of gates can be used, one with 3 smooth bars and one with 2
smooth bars. The gaps are 41 and 59 mm, respectively
 Suitable tool for ensuring that the box is level i.e. a spirit level
 Suitable buckets for taking concrete sample
L-Box Test
 L-Box Test
 Procedure
 Place the L-box in a stable and level position
 Fill the vertical part of the L-box, with the extra adapter mounted, with
12.7 liters of representative fresh SCC
 Let the concrete rest in the vertical part for one minute (± 10 seconds).
During this time the concrete will display whether it is stable or not
(segregation).
 Lift the sliding gate and let the concrete flow out of the vertical part into
the horizontal part of the L-box.
 When the concrete has stopped moving, measure the average distance,
noted as Δh, between the top edge of the box and the concrete that
reached the end of the box, at three positions, one at the centre and two
at each side
 L-Box Test
 Expression Of Results
 The passing ratio PL or blocking ratio BL is calculated using equation (2) or
(2’), and expressed in dimensionless to the nearest 0.01

or

where Hmax = 91 mm and H = 150 − Δh

 Precision
 The passing ratio PL or blocking ratio BL is calculated using equation (2) or
(2’), and expressed in dimensionless to the nearest 0.01
 Based on the inter-laboratory test organised in the EU-project “Testing-
SCC” (GRD2- 2000-30024/G6RD-CT-2001-00580) with 2 replicates and 22
operators from 11 laboratories, the precision of the L-box passing or
blocking ratio can be expressed by the following equations
 L-Box Test
 Precision
 r = 0.474 – 0.463PL, with R2 = 0.996, when PL ≥ 0.65; and r = 0.18 when PL < 0.65
(3)
or
 r = 0.463BL – 0.011, with R2 = 0.996, when BL ≤ 0.35; and r = 0.18 when BL > 0.35
(3’)
and
 R = 0.454 – 0.425PL, with R2 = 0.989, when PL ≥ 0.65; and R = 0.18 when PL < 0.65
(4)
or
 R = 0.425BL – 0.029, with R2 = 0.996, when BL ≤ 0.35; and R = 0.18 when BL > 0.35
(4’)
where R2 is the square correlation coefficient.

 Some values are listed in Table 2 for convenience of use

L-Box Test
 J-Ring Test
 Definition
 The J-ring test aims at investigating both the filling ability and the passing
ability of SCC. It can also be used to investigate the resistance of SCC to
segregation by comparing test results from two different portions of sample.
The J-ring test measures three parameters: flow spread, flow time T50J
(optional) and blocking step. The J-ring flow spread indicates the restricted
deformability of SCC due to blocking effect of reinforcement bars and the
flow time T50 indicates the rate of deformation within a defined flow
distance. The blocking step quantifies the effect of blocking.
 Apparatus
 J-ring with the dimensions as shown in Figure 6, where the positions for the
measurement of height differences are also given
 Straight rod for aligning the reference line in the measurement, with a
length of about 400 mm and at least one flat side having the flexure less
than 1 mm.
J-Ring Test
 J-Ring Test
 Procedure
 Place the cleaned base plate in a stable and level position
 Fill the bucket with 6~7 litres of representative fresh SCC and let the sample
stand still for about 1 minute (± 10 seconds).
 Under the 1 minute waiting period pre-wet the inner surface of the cone and
the test urface of the base plate using the moist sponge or towel, and place
the cone in the centre on the 200 mm circle of the base plate and put the
weight ring on the top of the cone to keep it in place. (If a heavy cone is
used, or the cone is kept in position by hand no weight ring is needed).
 Place the J-ring on the base plate around the cone
 Fill the cone with the sample from the bucket without any external
compacting action such as rodding or vibrating. The surplus concrete above
the top of the cone should be struck off, and any concrete remaining on the
base plate should be removed
 J-Ring Test
 Procedure
 Check and make sure that the test surface is neither too wet nor too dry. No
dry area on the base plate is allowed and any surplus of the water should be
removed – the moisture state of the plate shall be ‘just wet’.
 After a short rest (no more than 30 seconds for cleaning and checking the
moist state of the test surface), lift the cone perpendicular to the base plate
in a single movement, in such a manner that the concrete is allowed to flow
out freely without obstruction from the cone, and start the stopwatch the
moment the cone loose the contact with the base plate
 Stop the stopwatch when the front of the concrete first touches the circle of
diameter 500 mm. The stopwatch reading is recorded as the T50J value. The
test is completed when the concrete flow has ceased.
 lay the straight rod with the flat side on the top side of the J-ring and
measure the relative height differences between the lower edge of the
straight rod and the concrete surface at the central position (Δh0) and
at the four positions outside the J-ring, two (Δhx1, Δhx2) in the x-
direction and the other two (Δhy1, Δhy2) in the y-direction
(perpendicular to x)
 J-Ring Test
 Procedure
 Measure the largest diameter of the flow spread, dmax, and the one
perpendicular to it, dperp, using the ruler (reading to nearest 5 mm). Care
should be taken to prevent the ruler from bending

NOTE For non-circular concrete spreads the x-direction is that of the largest
spread diameter

 Expression Of Results
 The J-ring flow spread SJ is the average of diameters dmax and dperp, as
shown in Equation (6). SJ is expressed in mm to the nearest 5 mm
 J-Ring Test
 Expression Of Results
 The J-ring flow time T50J is the period between the moment the cone leaves
the base plate and SCC first touches the circle of diameter 500 mm. T50J is
expressed in seconds to the nearest 1/10 seconds
 The J-ring blocking step BJ is calculated using equation (7) and expressed in
mm to the nearest 1 mm.
 J-Ring Test
 Precisions
 Based on the inter-laboratory test organised in the EU-project “Testing-
SCC” (GRD2- 2000-30024/G6RD-CT-2001-00580) with 2 replicates and 16
operators from 8 laboratories, the values of repeatability and reproducibility
of the J-ring flow spread and flow time T50J are listed in Table 6
 V-Funnel Test
 Definition
 The V-funnel flow time is the period a defined volume of SCC needs to pass
a narrow opening and gives an indication of the filling ability of SCC
provided that blocking and/or segregation do not take place; the flow time
of the V-funnel test is to some degree related to the plastic viscosity.
 Apparatus
 V-funnel, as shown in Figure 7, made of steel, with a flat, horizontal top and
placed on vertical supports, and with a momentary releasable, watertight
opening gate
 Stopwatch with the accuracy of 0.1 second
for recording the flow time
 Straightedge for levelling the concrete
 Buckets with a capacity of 12∼14 litres
for taking concrete sample
 Moist sponge or towel for wetting
the inner surface of the V-funnel
 V-Funnel Test
 Procedure
 Place the cleaned V-funnel vertically on a stable and flat ground, with the top
opening horizontally positioned
 Wet the interior of the funnel with the moist sponge or towel and remove the
surplus of water, e.g. through the opening. The inner side of the funnel
should be ‘just wet’.
 Close the gate and place a bucket under it in order to retain the concrete to
be passed
 Fill the funnel completely with a representative sample of SCC without
applying any compaction or rodding
 Remove any surplus of concrete from the top of the funnel using the
straightedge.
 Open the gate after a waiting period of (10 ± 2) seconds. Start the stopwatch
at the same moment the gate opens
 V-Funnel Test
 Procedure
 Look inside the funnel and stop the time at the moment when clear space is
visible through the opening of the funnel. The stopwatch reading is recorded
as the V-funnel flow time, noted as tV
 Do not touch or move the V-funnel until it is empty

 Expression Of Results
 The V-funnel flow time tV is the period from releasing the gate until first
light enters the opening, expressed to the nearest 0.1 second
 V-Funnel Test
 Expression Of Results
 Based on the inter-laboratory test organised in the EU-project “Testing-SCC”
(GRD2- 2000-30024/G6RD-CT-2001-00580) with 2 replicates and 20 operators
from 10 laboratories, the precision of the V-funnel flow time can be expressed
by the following equations
 the precision of the V-funnel flow time can be expressed by the following
equations:
 r = 0.335 tV – 0.62, with R2 = 0.823, when 3 ≤ tV ≤ 15; and r = 4.4 when tV > 15 (8)
and
 R = 0.502 tV – 0.943, with R2 = 0.984, when 3 ≤ tV ≤ 15; and R = 6.6 when tV > 15 (9)

where R2 is the square correlation coefficient.

 Some values are listed in Table 5 for convenience of use.

V-Funnel Test
 Orimet Test
 Definition
 The Orimet flow time is the period a defined volume of SCC needs to pass a
narrow opening (a tube narrowed by an orifice). The flow time of the Orimet
test is to some degree related to the plastic viscosity
 Apparatus
 Orimet, made of steel, with the tube of a length of 600 mm and an inner
diameter of 120 mm. The orifice, which narrows the opening of the tube and
shears SCC, is interchangeable; its diameter can be chosen according to the
mixture composition and the criteria on SCC. Figure 8 shows the filling of the
Orimet with a bucket
 Stopwatch with the accuracy of 0.1 second for recording the flow time
 Straightedge for levelling the concrete
 Buckets with a capacity of 10∼12 litres for taking concrete sample
 Moist sponge or towel for wetting the inner surface of the Orimet
Orimet Test
 Orimet Test
 Procedure
 Place the cleaned Orimet vertically on a stable and flat ground, with the top
opening horizontally positioned and check whether the tripod is completely
extended
 Wet the interior of the Orimet with the moist sponge or towel and remove
the surplus of water, e.g. through the opening. The inner side of the Orimet
should be ‘just wet’.
 Close the gate and place a bucket under it in order to retain the concrete to
be passed
 Fill the Orimet completely with a representative sample of SCC without
applying any compaction or rodding
 Remove any surplus of concrete from the top of the Orimet using the
straightedge
 Open the gate after a waiting period of (10 ± 2) seconds. Start the stopwatch
at the same moment the gate opens
 Orimet Test
 Procedure
 Look inside the Orimet and stop the time at the moment when clear space is
visible through the opening of the Orimet. The stopwatch reading is recorded
as the Orimet flow time, noted as t O

 Expression Of Results
 The Orimet flow time tO is the period from releasing the gate until first light
enters the opening, expressed to the nearest 0.1 second
 Based on the inter-laboratory test organised in the EU-project “Testing-SCC”
(GRD2- 2000-30024/G6RD-CT-2001-00580) with 2 replicates and 20 operators
from 10 laboratories, the precision of the Orimet flow time (with the orifice
70 mm) can be expressed by the following equations
 Orimet Test
 Expression Of Results
 r = 0.433 tO – 0.594, with R2 = 0.996, when 3 ≤ tO ≤ 15; and r = 6.6 when tO > 15
(10)
and
 R = 0.472 tO – 0.28, with R2 = 0.947, when 3 ≤ tO ≤ 15; and R = 6.8 when tO > 15 (11)
where R2 is the square correlation coefficient.

 Some values are listed in Table 6 for convenience of use.

 Penetration Test
 Definition
 The test aims at investigating the resistance of SCC to segregation by
penetrating a cylinder with a given weight into the fresh SCC sample. If
the SCC has poor resistance to segregation, the cylinder will penetrate
deeper due to the less amount of aggregate in the upper layer of the
sample. Therefore the penetration depth indicates whether the SCC is
stable or not
 Apparatus
 Penetration apparatus, as illustrated in Figure 9, consisting of a frame,
slot and screw, reading scale and penetration head. The penetration head
is assembled with an aluminium cylinder and rod. The rod should be able
to move inside slot, as freely as possible. The inner diameter, height and
thickness of the cylinder are 75 mm, 50 mm and 1 mm, respectively. The
total weight of the penetration head is 54 g.
 Penetration Test
 Apparatus
 Bucket with a capacity of 10~12 litres
 Penetration Test
 Procedure
 Place the bucket in a stable and level position
 Fill the bucket with (10 ± 0.5) litres of representative fresh SCC and let the
sample stand still for 2 minutes ± 10 seconds
 NOTE Care must be taken to avoid segregation caused by external impacts
 2 minutes after filling of the bucket, locate the penetration apparatus on the
top of the bucket, adjust the penetration cylinder until it just touches the
upper surface of the concrete, and then let the cylinder penetrate freely into
concrete
 After the stabilisation of the cylinder (generally < 15~20 sec), the penetration
depth of the cylinder head is recorded from the scale. Measure the
penetration depths at the centre (noted as P1) and two sides (noted as P2 and
P3) of the width of the bucket
 NOTE The duration of the three measurements should be less than 3 minutes
 Penetration Test
 Expression Of Results
 The penetration depth P is the average value of the three measurements,
rounded to 1 mm.
 Precisions
 Based on the inter-laboratory test organised in the EU-project “Testing-SCC”
(GRD2- 2000-30024/G6RD-CT-2001-00580) with 2 replicates and 22 operators
from 11 laboratories, the precision of the penetration depth can be expressed
by the following equation
 r = R = 0.59 P + 1.7, with R2 = 1, when P ≤ 17; and r = R = 12 when tO > 17
(12)
where R2 is the square correlation coefficient.

 Some values are listed in Table 7 for convenience of use.

Penetration Test
MaHmoud Khlifa AliraQi
2nd CiVil Engineering
Section 21