Computation of longitudinal reinforcement

 Support
= … (Chapter 4 from Eurocode 2)
  20 mm
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 SHEAR FORCE COMPUTATION

1. The design value of shear force VEd will be considered the maximum value from:
 Shear force provided by the static and seismic analysis;
 Shear force associated to the plastic failure mechanism, computed with the relation

VEd 
M db,1  M db,2

 g  2  q   lcl
lcl 2
where:
 Mdb,i is computed with:
  M Rc 
M db,i   Rd  M Rb,i  min 1,
  M 
 Rb 

 Rd – overstrength factor (value 1.2)

 MRb,i – bending moment at the ends of the element in the special group of loadings
( i={1,2} )

  M Rc 
 min 1, 1
  M 
 Rb 

 g – all unfactored deal loads on the element

 q – all unfactored live loads on the element
 lcl – clear span (the distance between the faces of the columns)
 2 – coefficient for live loads (value 0.3)

2. The shear force carried by the concrete VRd,c is computed:

 1

C 
 Rd ,c 1  k  100  1  f ck  3  k 
1 cp   bw  d
VRd ,c  max  

  min  k1  cp   bw  d
where:
. 5
 �� , = ��

 � = .
 1  1
 200
 k  1 2
d


 d – active height of the cross-section d  h  c  
2 
��
 � = ≤ .
�∙

 Asl – total area of the longitudinal reinforcements

 bw – width of the cross-section
 fck –characteristic strength of concrete in compression
 � = .
N Ed
  cp  – compressive stress under the action of axial force NEd, where
Ac

Ac  bw  h ; for girders, the axial force is zero ( N Ed  0 ) and  cp  0

/ /
 � � = . ∙� ��

3. A comparison between VEd and VRd,c will be made. If:

VEd  VRd ,c

then the concrete can carry the entire shear force and the stirrups will be provided from
constructive reasons.
If:

VEd  VRd ,c

then the amount of transversal reinforcement must be computed.

4. Evaluation of angle  for shear design start with a preliminary assumption imposing   220 .
With this value, the maximum shear carried by the compressed diagonal of concrete VRd,max is
computed:

cw  bw  z 1  fcd

VRd ,max 
 ctg  tg 
where:
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+ � � <� � ≤ . ∙�
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{ �
 fcd – design strength of concrete in compression
 z – the distance between internal forces; � ≅ . ∙ �
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. ∙ − � � ��� > . ∙ ���
 � = . � � ��� ≤ . ∙ ��� � � � � ≤ ���
��
{ . − > . � � ��� ≤ . ∙ ��� � � � � > ���

 fyk – characteristic strength of longitudinal reinforcement

 fywd – design strength of transversal reinforcement
If:

VEd  VRd ,max

then the preliminary assumption   220 is good.

If:
VEd  VRd ,max

then the preliminary assumption   220 is not good. The value of is recalculated with relations:

 cw  bw  z 1  fcd
ctg  tg 
VEd

 ctg  tg    ctg  tg  4

2

  arctan
2
If the value of  is bigger than 450 the cross-section must be increased and the designing process
must be reloaded.
5. The diameter of stirups is imposed and the distance between stirrups is computed.

Asw  z  f ywd  ctg

s req 
VEd
where:
 Asw – area of all vertical bars (legs) of the stirrup.
The maximum distance between stirrups will be:

 
s max  min  h ,150mm , 7  long
min
.
4 
The minimum distance between stirrups is 80 mm.
The distance between stirrups is usually modulated at 50 mm.

6. The minimum transversal reinforcement ratio is checked:

Asw
w   w,min
s  bw  sin 

where   900 and:

0,08  fck
w,min 
f yk

If the checking is not satisfied, the diameter of the stirrups will be increased and/or the distance
between stirrups will be decreased.
 GIRDER +2.95
185 265 410 265 185
19 stirr. Ø8/10 12 stirr. Ø8/20 38 stirr. Ø8/10 12 stirr. Ø8/20 19 stirr. Ø8/10
1 2

1 2
675 675

A C E
4 2Ø22 PC52 5 2Ø22 PC52 4 2Ø22 PC52
222 L=2,92 m L=4,10 m 222 L=2,92 m
120
70

70
2 2Ø20 PC52
1086 L=11,46 m 3 2Ø20 PC52
60

411 L=4,71 m

60
1 4Ø18 PC52
30

30
702 L=7,62 m 1 4Ø18 PC52

30

30
702 L=7,62 m

1-1 2-2 EXTRACT OF REINFORCEMENT

2 5 5 2 3 3
25 25
13

13
55

55

55

55
60

60
47

47

1 1 1 1
25 1 1 1 1
25
30 6 stirr. Ø8/10 OB37 30 6 stirr. Ø8/20 OB37
L=1,75 m L=1,75 m

MATERIALS Checked A1

Name of the project: Pr. no.

CONCRETE: C25/30 Phase:
Owner:
TP
STEEL: PC52
Designed Scale Drawing
OB37 Drawed 1:50
GIRDER +2.95
Coordinator
R1
 RULES FOR REINFORCEMENTS

 Minimum number of bars on each side (top or bottom): 2.

 Minimum diameter for longitudinal bars: 12 mm.
 Minimum diameter for stirrups: 6 mm.
 Differences between minimum and maximum diameter for the same cross-section
must be up to 5 mm.
 At the top side, 25% from the total amount of reinforcements will be disposed on the
entire length of the girder, but no less than 2 bars 14.
 At least 50% from the amount of reinforcement from top side will be disposed on
bottom side.
 Closer stirrups will be provided on a distance not shorter than L/4 (where L is the span).
 The minimum distances between reinforcements are: