PHGC MIDTERM NOTES

THE SPANISH HISTORY IN THE 15th CENTURY (1521)

1st sightings of the Spanish to the PH is unknown.

In March 16, 1521, Ferdinand Magellan discovered the Philippines while looking for the
Spice Island, “Mollucas” (Indonesia).

- Ferdinand Magellan talked to the King of Portugal (*Ferdinand Magellan is a

Portuguese*) & asked for support, but HE WAS REJECTED because he was wrongly
accused for doing illegal business.
- He went to Spain and asked for support from King Charles I (or King Charles V), gave
him 234 men and 5 ships.

THE 5 SHIPS:

1.) Victoria – Magellan’s Ship

2.) Trinidad
3.) San Antonio Spanish
4.) Santiago Captains
5.) Concepcion

- Became 165 men since others plotted to murder him, killed them & threw them off.
- 1519 = Start of their travel ; also wanted to prove that the world is round.
SPAIN – SOUTH AMERICA – ATLANTIC OCEAN – GUAM – PHILIPPINES (Leyte, Hamonhon)

- 5 ships - 3 SHIPS (1 broke, 1 went back)

- Enrique: Ferdinand Magellan’s Servant from Malaysia ; Interpreter
- Raja Humabol – Datu of Leyte ; befriended through SANDUGUAN (drinking of each
other’s blood)
- Datu Zula – mortal enemy of Lapu Lapu
= Lapu Lapu thought Spaniards were there for other reasons

- April 27, 1521 – BATTLE OF MACTAN

= Samar -> Cebu, Mactan @ 3 am
= 165 men VS 3000 men
= Ferdinand Magellan’s overconfidence led him to his death
= The men of Lapu Lapu killed Ferdinand Magellan
- 1525 = “Loiasa Expedition”
- 1526 = “Cabot”
 - 1542 = Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
- 1564 = Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, successfully colonized the Philippines, became the
1st Governor-General in the Philippines

COLONIAL GOVERNMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES

- Governor-General = most powerful

= appointed by the King of Spain

- 1564 – 1898 = 333 years

= 122 Governor-General served the Philippines
= Mostly bad governors; Spaniards = MASTER OF CORRUPTION
= Only 3 were good

3 GOOD GENERAL-GOVERNORS:

1.) Miguel Lopez de Legaspi – gave land to the Filipinos

2.) Carlos de la Torre – gave Filipinos the freedom of expression

3.) Jose Basco y Vargas

GOVERNOR – GENERAL

Archbishops Gobernadorcillo – lead provinces

Bishops
Alcalde Mayor

Priests
Cabeza De Barangay

Secular Regular

- Filipino priests - Spanish priests

Motives of the Spanish Colonization: GOD, GOLD & GLORY (3 G’s)

HIERARCHY BY BLOOD (Social Class)

1.) PENINSULARES – Pureblood Spanish

2.) INSULARES – ½ Spanish, ½ Filipino
 3.) PRINCIPALIA – 100% Rich, Filipinos
4.) SANGLEY – ½ Chinese, ½ Filipino
5.) INDIO – Alipin, slaves
= all males were forced to do Polo y Servicio or “Forced Service”
= 16-60 years old
= 40 days per year
= men who serve are called “Polista”
= Falla – payment if you do not want to work ; EVERY YEAR

ECONOMIC POLICY

1.) TOBACCO MONOPOLY – Ilocos ; patronized by the public

2.) TAXATION – pay taxes to the government
a.) CEDULA
b.) TRIBUTO WILL BE DOUBLED IF NOT PAID

3.) GALLION TRADE – Manila to Acapulco, Mexico

4.) ROYAL COMPANY OF THE PHILIPPINES – Borrow money w/ interest

INFLUENCES OF THE SPANISH FOR 333 YEARS

1.) RELIGION – Catholicism (started in Palestein -> Europe -> America) ; 1565, whole
Philippines were baptized
2.) TRAITS – “Manyana” or mamaya na ; Respect for elders ; Crab Mentality
3.) CLOTHING – Barong Tagalog & Baro’t Saya ; wearing of hats, shoes, slippers ; 17th
Century = more of Spanish style
4.) FOOD & USE OF UTENSILS – Spanish sardines, kare-kare, tea, coffee, seafood, use of
spoon, fork, etc.
5.) EDUCATION - Math, science, reading, writing, arts, religion ; women were not required
to go to university, cannot take major courses (how to be a good wife)
6.) DANCE – Carinosa, tinikling
7.) ENTERTAINMENT – Garswela, siesta, fiesta, senakulo, pasion
8.) ART – Intramuros, bungalow, stone houses, vegan
9.) GREGORIAN CALENDAR – by Narciso Claveria ; he was also the one who said to change
in Spanish surnames.