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1. Solid clay brick or adobe bricks, adobe is a building material made from earth
and other organic materials. Adobe means mud-brick in Spanish.
• The use of clay in Egypt with the Pyramids, in Rome with the construction of complex
structures which included arches, domes, vaults and other items. In Byzantium now
Istanbul, clay adobe was for a very long time the basic building material.
By Filippo Brunelleschi
1436 A.D. 4 million bricks
40k tons, no formworks
The Wall of Moscow, Kremlin has been a brick fortress wonder by neighboring Europe.
16th century
The Industrial Revolution and bricks
Much later in the 18th and 19th centuries the development of transport
networks and vehicles made manufacturing of building materials more
efficient. Before this, bricks, being heavy, it was made on site.
Trivia - 10 million bricks were used for the Empire State Building. 60,000 tons of
steel, 200,000 cubic feet of Indiana limestone and granite, and 730 tons of
aluminum and stainless steel.
Frank Gilbreth (1868-1924) and his wife Lillian (1878-1972) created an entirely new method of time-and-motion study on how to improve industrial efficiency. Their
groundbreaking studies examined how people, especially factory workers, performed tasks and found ways to eliminate wasted movement and increase efficiency.
The Gilbreths used film to help study and break down work habits. Their camera was an early 35-millimeter model made before 1910. It required hand cranking, and depending
on light conditions and other factors was sometimes cranked slow and sometimes fast. In order to get an accurate timing, they placed a specially calibrated clock, called a micro-
chronometer, in the frame.
Frank discovered his vocation back in 1885, the year he graduated from high school and started training in the world's second oldest profession -- bricklaying. On his second day,
he noticed several different methods. He asked the Master Journeyman training him about it, and was told there were three techniques: one for a regular day, the second to
hurry up to finish a wall, and the third to do just enough to stretch out the job to fill the day.
This got him thinking about the "one best way" to go about it. The traditional method, even after some 6,000 years, involved a lot of waisted motion. The most time-consuming,
back breaking part of the job was stooping 125 time an hour for bricks... and 125 times for mortar.
Gilbreth was able to reduce the number of motions per brick from about 18 to 5. He designed a new, "non-stoop" scaffolding that raised both bricks and mortar to eliminate
wasted motion. Using his method, bricklayers could lay more bricks, standing normally, were able to increase the number of bricks laid per hour from 125 to 350, and still go
home at the end of the day not nearly so tired.
Malaysia
Indonesia
India
An apartment in India
A boutique hotel in Thailand
Educational Institutions
How do we fuse structure, aesthetics, design flexibility, the best fire resistance,
acoustic and thermal properties yet construct affordably?
Steel-friendly, modular clay hollow brick, with
innovative designs modern day chemical, sealers,
stainers
Our MCHB house in Loakan,
Baguio built in 1999
Subjected to “Architectural/
Engineering Trials”
Catalan Brick named after the Catalan
Vaults where clay bricks are constructed
length-wise…
Description:
Trapezoidal in shape for lateral lock, T&G
Use: Brick roofs, domes, arches, bovedas
Specifications: Length 8 inches, Width 1 ½
Inches, Height 3 inches