Simulation:

To infinity and beyond.

Petr Krysl

http://Hogwarts.ucsd.edu/~pkrysl

P. Krysl 04/08/06
 Simulation-based engng. science
Revolutionizing Engineering Science through Simulation
February 2006
Report of the National Science Foundation
Blue Ribbon Panel on Simulation-Based Engineering Science

Payoff:
•Medicine
•Predictive Homeland Security
•Energy and the Environment Materials
•Industrial and Defense Applications
Issues:
•The Tyranny of Scales: The Challenge of Multiscale Modeling and
Simulation
•Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification
•Dynamic Simulation Systems, Sensors, Measurements, and
Heterogeneous Simulations
•Big Data in Simulation and the Role of Visualization in SBES
•Next-Generation Algorithms and Computational Performance

P. Krysl 04/08/06
 Engineering Design
Customer Technical
Preferences Specifications

Design Synthesis
Refinement

Design Fabrication Prototype Operation Function/

Description Hardware Behavior

Modeling and Simulation

Manufacturing

Product

P. Krysl 04/08/06
 Predictive?
Experiment

Simulation

From: O’Brien et al. 1999

 Is this simulation capability predictive?

Not in this case: non-physical material
properties had been used to make it
“look” right (computer graphics ;).
P. Krysl 04/08/06
 Modeling
Physical problem
Conceptual
errors
Mathematical Equations,
assumptions
idealization
Discretization
errors
Discretization
Numerical (finite elements),
approximation algorithms (solvers)
Transformation
errors
Accurate solution
of mathematical model?

Agreement w/
physics of problem? P. Krysl 04/08/06
 Simulation Errors
 Errors:
 Modeling
 Conceptual (omitted physics, range, …)
 Approximation
 Discretization (space, time); and
 Transformation (finite-precision
arithmetics!)
 Error control:
 Quantify (error estimation), and
 Minimize (adaptivity).

P. Krysl 04/08/06
 Cost of Simulations
 Asymptotic behaviour e ≈ CN − p
 Example: linear statics

log(Error)
 Assembly of K: O(N),
solution of Kx=f: O(N2).
log(N)
 Total cost = aN2 + bN + c
 Fixed budget (given grid)
 Select modes as linear
combinations of

log(Error)
hat functions
optimal
log(#modes)
P. Krysl 04/08/06
 Optimal Representation
 Example: Mechanical system w/ 2 dofs

Optimal coordinates in configuration space:

best-fit linear subspace
P. Krysl 04/08/06
RC Bridge under seismic loads
El Centro accelerogram
Isotropic damage model

P. Krysl 04/08/06
RC Bridge: continued

P. Krysl 04/08/06
 Monte Carlo Simulation
Notched plate with uncertain material Contour of plastic
properties under low-cycle fatigue load deformation at the end of
the load cycling
Displacement of the
Copper plate 24x20x2 mm. loaded face
Finite element model of 1/8 of
the plate: 415 hexahedra. J-2
elastoplastic material.
Elastic and hardening
modulus, yield stress are
uncertain with standard
deviation 0.025.

Evolution of the
equivalent plastic
strain at the notch

Statistics of the
response due to
uncertainty?

P. Krysl 04/08/06
 Monte Carlo Simulation: cont

Monte Carlo: Vary the

material properties for each Plastic strain at the notch:
repeated run. Problem: may mean value
have to run thousands of
simulations. Hence: use an
optimal (reduced) model.

Reduced dynamic model:

3 Ritz modes yield accuracy of
plastic strain better than 2%. Plastic strain at the notch:
standard deviation

Full FE model: 3,250 CPU sec

Reduced FE model: 170 CPU sec

P. Krysl 04/08/06
 Bioacoustics
Green:
pterygoid
sinuses; red:
outline of the
bones; purple:
ear bones.

Horizontal slice.
Pressure
distribution
snapshot. Vertical slices.
Dissipated energy (heat).
Forced vibration of the anatomical structures (neonate Z. Cavirostris).
Planar acoustic waves in seawater of 3500 Hz and 180 dB re: 1µPa
received level. Finite element model with 2 ½ million elements
(resolution of 3.61 mm). Small displ., small strain kinematics. Almost
incompressible elasticity, coupled with Newtonian viscosity (muscle,
acoustic fats, connective tissues, and bone). Material properties
heterogeneous -- mapped from Hounsfield units.
P. Krysl 04/08/06
Natural birth v. pelvic floor
health

P. Krysl 04/08/06