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CERTIFICATE
SIGNATURE OF
EXAMINER
DECLARATION
SHAHBAN ALI
Class XII
Science
ACKNOWLEDGEME
NT
Last but not the least; I would like to thank all those who had
Helped directly or indirectly towards the completion of this project.
SHAHBAN ALI
Class: XII Science
CONTENTS
1. Certificate by Teacher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Certificate by Examiner. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Declaration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Acknowledgement. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Material Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. CONCLUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..
Selection
The given topic was selected by me as I
found this to be achallenging task to
complete and also very important
knowledge to gain from it. It is nowadays
noticed that in the pollution is increasing
in our environment, and it is extremely
important for all of us to know its effects
on ourselves and the naturalsurroundings.
Plants are the only source to purify our
atmosphere and provide food to this
world. Even the carnivorous animals are
indirectly dependent on plants for their
food.
It is very important for us to know the
best way of living in this universe without
harming it and ultimately living
peacefully. Therefore, I have selected this
topic as my project as it gives the
answers to my questions.
Contents
1)
Objective...................................................
.........
2)
Introduction...............................................
........
3) Materials
acquired………………………………………….
4)
Methodology……………………………………
…………….
5)
Observation………………………………………
…………….
6)
Graph………………………………………………
……………..
7)
Results……………………………………………
……………….
8) Data
Analysis……………………………………………
……..
9)
Conclusion………………………………………
……………..
10)
Recommendation………………………………
…………..
11)
Bibliography……………………………………
……………
Objective
Introduction
Three anthocyanins were found in Vigna
radiata (greengram) accessions with
black seed coat, but were absent in
cultivars having green seed coat. Vigna
mungo (blackgram) had only one of them.
The same 3 anthocyanins were found in
cultivars with purple red hypocotyl of
Vigna radiata accessions but were absent
in the ones with green hypocotyls.Vigna
mungo with purple red hypocotyls
showed the presence of two
anthocyanins. One common to both was
identified as delphinidin-3-glucoside and
the other is probably cyanidin-3-
glucoside. Among the two accessions of
Vigna radiata varsublobata examined,
one was similar to Vigna radiata
accessions with black seed coat having
delphinidin-3-glucoside and two other
anthocyanins, while the other resembled
Vigna mungo having only delphinidin-3-
glucoside in seed coat and both
delphinidin and cyanidin-3-glucosides in
hypocotyl. Chlorophyll content of the seed
coats was in the following decreasing
order: green, black, brown and yellow.
Materials
1) Pots- 3
2) Gram seeds – 10-12
3) Fertiliser
4) Manure
5) Polythene
6) Beaker
7) Soil
Methodology
During the Making of this project, the
following steps were followed:-
Pots, gram seeds, along with fertiliser,
manure and polythene and other
materials were brought and the pots
were prepared to be sown.
Seeds were planted and watered.
Fertiliser was added to the first pot,
named as ‘Pot A’. Observations were
recorded for that day.
Manure was added to the second pot,
named as ‘Pot B’ the next day.
Polythene was added to the third pot,
named as ‘Pot C’ the following day,
and regular observations were made.
Watering and regular observation was
being taken for 27 days.
After the observation of plants and
their growth, observation was
compiled and data analysis was made.
Conclusion was drawn from the data
analysis for the three cases of planted
gram seeds.
Observations
Observations were recorded regularly for
27 days and the following data was
gathered:-
Number of seeds planted in
1) Pot A- 4
2) Pot B- 5
3) Pot C- 3
DAY 1 Length of Hypocotyl (in cm)
S. No. POT POT B(Manure) POT C(Polythene)
A(Fertiliser)
1. 3½ 1½ 4 ½
2. 1½ 1 2
3. 1 ½ 1 ½
4. 1 (not germinated)
DAY 2
5. 8 2 7
6. 1½ 1½ 4
7. 2 1 4½
8. 1½ Not germinated
DAY 3
9. 2 5½ 11
10. 2½ 3 11 ½
11. 2½ 4 15
12. 8 6½
DAY 8
10 20 23
5 18 24 ½
2 16 25 ½
Died 20
11
DAY 9
12 ½ 22 25 ½
5½ 20 ½ 17 ½
2½ 18 25
14
23
DAY
10
15 23 25 ½
6 22 29
2 20 ½ 24
15
25
DAY
15
18 25 ½ 24
15 19 ½ Died
Died 30 Died
24
Died
DAY
16
18 ½ 25 ½ 25
16 ½ 20
25
32
DAY 16 ½ 20 Died
18
Died 32
Died
Died
DAY
19
17 21 Died
35
180
160
140
120
Day 27
Day 19
Day 18
100
Day 16
Day 15
Day 10
Day 9
80
Day 8
Day 3
Day 2
Day 1
60
40
20
0
Data Analysis
According to the above observations, the
following analysis was made:-
Due to access of fertiliser, some
plants in POT A died.
Due to lack of water for some
continued days, some plants had
dried.
Seeds germinated in POT C died
soon because of polythene present in
the pot, which hampered their proper
absorption of nutrients.
Plants in POT B were best grown in
height and persisted for a long time.
Growth of plants planted in POT A
was medium all over and can be
considered as average.
Water consumption by the gram
seeds was considerably low.
Conclusion
From the above data analysis, following
conclusions can be drawn:-
Access of fertiliser can be harmful for
germinating seeds. However, if used in
an appropriate amount, fertilisers can
be beneficial for plants.
Growth of plants can be observed
best in manure, as it is a natural
extract, and can supply better quality
of nutrients to the plants.
Presence of polythene is harmful for
plants, and it hampers the pathway for
the plants’ absorption of nutrients.
Therefore, it can be concluded that
pollution can be very harmful to the
natural environment and, ultimately it
affects the humans.
Lack of water is extremely
undesirable when plants or trees are
growing, as water is an essential part
of their nutrition and is important in
the developmental process.
Recommendation
Through the observations recorded and
conclusion drawn from the collected data,
it is clear that, planters should use
manure the most in amount for the
proper growth of plants. Fertilizers are
also extremely useful for the growth of
plants, but, if used in excess amount,
then it can be harmful for the plants.
Therefore, the amount of fertilizers used
should be checked. Also pollutants, such
as polythene, should be removed from
the planting area, as these pollutants are
harmful for the growth of plants and
hampers their proper elongation. Also,
regular watering is an essential criterion
for growing plants, because this provides
them with necessary elements and
compounds for photosynthesis. At the
same time, excess of water should not be
provided to the plants, because of the
probability of contamination.
Bibliography
1) Ask.com
2) http://repository.ias.ac.in/
3) Class- 11th Biology Text
Book(NCERT)