R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.

)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

‘Y’ By Bending (Group A)

You are given a long bar which can be supported on a vice at both ends Marks Marks
Allotted Scored
1 Write the least count of the vernier calliper. Take three readings for the 04
breadth ‘b’ of the beam using a vernier calliper.
2 Write the least count of the micrometer screw gauge. Take five readings for 06
the depth‘d’ of the beam using the micrometer screw.
3 Write the least count of the travelling microscope. 01
4 Support the bar of length L between two knife edges. Mount a stirrup at its 01
midpoint. Attach a pin to the stirrup.
5 Suspend a hanger from the hook of the stirrup. Consider its mass to be 02
zero. Focus the microscope on the tip of the pin and adjust its height so that
the tip of the pin coincides with the horizontal cross wire. This is the
reference reading. Note the reading on the vertical scale of the microscope.
6 Load the beam with the given mass m. Adjust the height of the 01
microscopes that the tip of the pin coincides with the horizontal cross wire
of the microscope. Note the reading on the vertical scale of the
microscope.
7 Repeat step 5 for loading the beam with various masses. 05
8 Unload the beam and repeat steps 5 and 6. 05
9 Find the mean reading for each mass and find the depression δ. 05
10 Plot a graph of W = mg vs depression δ and determine the slope. 08
11 Calculate Young Modulus of the material of the beam by 02
𝐿3
𝑌 = 4𝑏𝑑3 𝑋 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

Total 40
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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

Kater’s Pendulum (Group A)

Given a Kater’s pendulum arrange the metal masses B& W and the wooden Marks Marks
masses B & W on either side of the center of gravity and set the two knife- Allotted Scored
edges K1 & K2 about 80 cm apart.
1 Suspend the pendulum from a rigid support on the knife-edge K1. Attach a
pin at the lower end of the bar, focus the telescope on the pin. Oscillate the
pendulum, keeping the amplitude very small. Find time for 10 oscillations
& calculate the period of oscillation T1. Similarly find the period T2 about
the other knife edge K2. 05
2 If the difference between T1 & T2 is large then shift the mass W towards /
away from K2 through a small distance. Again find the periods T1 & T2
about the knife edges. Repeat this step so that the periods T1 & T2 becomes
05
nearly equal. (The two periods may differ by 0.02 sec but not more).
3 When the periods T1 & T2 are nearest possible, find time for 100
oscillations about the knife K1 & K2 & hence calculate T1 & T2. Take 3 10
readings for knife edge. Measure the distance between K1 & K2 & call it ‘𝑙’.
4 Find the position of C.G. of the pendulum by balancing it horizontally on
the given wooden knife edge. Measure distance 𝑙1 & 𝑙2 of the knife edges 02
K1 & K2 from the C.G.
5 8π2
Calculate the value of ‘g’ using g = T2 +T2 2
T −T 2
[ 1 2 + 1 2] 06
l1 +l2 l1 −l2

6 Without disturbing any other arrangement shift the knife edge K1 slightly
(say through 2cm).Repeat steps 3, 4 & 5. 12
Total 40
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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

FLAT SPIRAL SPRING (Y) (Group A)

Marks Marks
Allotted Scored
1 Determine the radius r of the wire of the given spring, measuring it at a
number of points using a micrometer screw. 05
2 Find inner diameter (D1) and the outer diameter of the screw (D2) using
vernier callipers, hence find mean radius R of the spring. 05
3 Count the number of turns N of the spring. Find the mass M of the
spring. 02
4 Clamp the spring to a rigid support. Take a long cylindrical bar having
a small radius. Attach it to the lower end of the spring. Mount the two
identical, movable disc on the bar keeping one disc at each side.
Distance (x) of each disc from axis of rotation should be same. Fix a
pin vertically at one end of the bar. Focus the vertical cross wire
coinciding with the pin. 05
5 Give a small angular displacement to the bar. Find the time for 10
oscillation and hence the period of torsional oscillation (T) 03
6 Change the distance (x) of the disc from the center of the mass and find
T again take at least 5 readings. 10
7 Plot a graph of T2 against x2. Calculate slope. Choose end point
coordinates of slope that are far apart, do not select plotted points for
slope calculation. 05
8 32π2 NIR 05
Calculate Y. Y= 4
r 𝑻𝟐 𝟐

32𝜋 2 𝑁𝑅
Y= 4 × 2𝑀′ × (𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒐𝒇 𝑻𝟐 𝟐 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒖𝒔 𝒙𝟐 )-1
𝑟

Total 40
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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

FLAT SPIRAL SPRING (η) (Group A)

Marks Marks
Allotted Scored
1 Determine the radius r of the wire of the given spring, measuring it at a 05
number of points using a micrometer screw.
2 Find inner diameter (D1) and the outer diameter of the screw (D2) using 05
vernier callipers, hence find mean radius R of the spring.
3 Count the number of turns N of the spring. Find the mass M of the 05
spring.
4 Clamp the spring to a rigid support. Attach a mass M at its lower end 15
and set it oscillating vertically. Observe the oscillations through a
telescope and determine the periodic time T. Repeat the procedure for
4 more values of M.
5 Plot T2 against M and determine η. Also determine the value of the 07
effective mass of the spring me from the intercept of the graph.
6 Modulus of rigidity η of the material and the 03
16π2 N(M+me )𝑅 3
periodic time T, are related as: 𝜂 = 𝑟4𝑇2

where, me is the effective mass of the spring.

Total 40
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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

Verification of Stefan's law (Group A)

You are given a tungsten filament lamp. The filament resistance (R) may be

taken proportional to the absolute temperature T of the filament.

1 Draw and connect a circuit to study Stefan’s law. 08

2 Determine R by noting the current I through the filament lamp and the 15

corresponding voltage across the filament lamp. Take 5 readings with a suitable

variation in I and V.

3 Plot a graph of log I vs log V. Find the value of ‘n’ from the slope of the graph. 15
Slope = X =  log I = n – 1 ; n = 1 +X
 log V n + 1 1–X
Compare it with the expected value.

4 State Stefan’s law. 02

Total 40

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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

LCR Parallel Resonance (Group A)

1 Draw a circuit diagram to connect an ac source of variable frequency ‘f’, a non- 10

inductive resistance R, an inductance L and a capacitor C in parallel with L.
Choose C = ___ F, R = 10 kΩ. Connect the circuit.
2 Keeping Vi fixed vary the frequency to make a rough estimate of the resonance 04
frequency i.e. frequency (fR) where VR is minimum.

3 Vary the frequency from fR/10 to 10 fR. Keeping Vi constant, note down the 15
corresponding voltage across R (VR), i.e. the voltage across the tank circuit L-C.
Take at least ten readings from low to high frequency and 5 readings around
resonance frequency. Hence find the corresponding current using the relation
IR = VR/R and the impedance Z = Vi/IR.
4 Plot the graph of Z vs Log f hence find fR by graph. 08

Determine the resonance frequency fR from the measured values

5 𝟏 03
Hence calculate the inductance of the coil using the formula 𝐿 = 𝟒𝝅𝟐 𝒇𝟐 𝑪
𝑹

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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

Passive Low Pass Filter (Group B)

1 Draw a circuit diagram of a Low pass filter. Connect it. 10
2 𝟏 04
Determine the expected cut- off frequency 𝒇𝑪 = 𝟐𝝅𝑹𝑪

3 Keeping the input voltage of the signal generator constant, vary the frequency 16
range from 𝒇𝑪 /10 to 10𝒇𝑪 . Measure the corresponding output voltage V0.
4 Plot V0 vs log f. Determine the cut-off frequency from the graph. Compare with 10
the expected value.
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Journal 05
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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

Passive High Pass Filter (Group B)

1 Draw a circuit diagram of a high pass filter. Connect it. 10

2 𝟏 04
Determine the expected cut- off frequency 𝒇𝑪 = 𝟐𝝅𝑹𝑪

3 Keeping the input voltage of the signal generator constant, vary the frequency 16
range from 𝒇𝑪 /10 to 10𝒇𝑪 . Measure the corresponding output voltage V0.
4 Plot V0 vs log f. Determine the cut-off frequency from the graph. Compare with 10
the expected value
Total 40
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Journal 05
Paper Total 50
 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

Passive Band Pass Filter (Group B)

1 Draw a circuit diagram of a band pass filter. Connect it. 10

2 Determine the expected cut- off frequencies: 06
𝟏
Lower Cut-off frequency 𝒇𝒍𝒄 = 𝟐𝝅𝑹
𝟐 𝑪𝟐

𝟏
Higher Cut-off frequency 𝒇𝒉𝒄 = 𝟐𝝅𝑹
𝟏 𝑪𝟏

3 Keeping the sinusoidal input Vi constant at all frequencies, determine the output 14
voltage Vo over a frequency range of 𝒇𝒍𝒄 / 10 to 10𝒇𝒉𝒄 .

4 Plot V0 vs log f. Determine the cut-off frequencies from the graph. Compare 10
with the expected values.
Total 40
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Journal 05
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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

Operational Amplifier (OP-AMP): Inverting Amplifier

With Different Gain (Group B)
1 Draw the circuit diagram to use the given op-amp (IC 741) as an inverting 7
amplifier.
2 Connect the circuit. Choose 𝐑 𝐢 = 10 kΩ and 7
𝐑 𝐟𝟏 = __________ kΩ. & 𝐑 𝐟𝟐 = __________ kΩ.
3 𝐑𝐟 𝐑𝐟 2
Calculate the theoretical voltage gain: 𝐀 𝐕𝟏 = − ( 𝐑 𝟏 ), 𝐀 𝐕𝟐 = − ( 𝐑 𝟐 )
𝐢 𝐢

4 Measure the output voltage V0 for five different values of the input voltage 7
Vi for 𝐑 𝐟𝟏
5 Measure the output voltage V0 for five different values of the input voltage 7
Vi for 𝐑 𝐟𝟐
6 Plot a graph of V0 vs Vi and hence find the experimental voltage gain 𝐀 𝐕𝟏 and 10
𝐀 𝐕𝟐 in each case.
Total 40
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Journal 05
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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

Operational Amplifier (OP-AMP): Non-inverting Amplifier

with Different Gain (Group B)

1 Draw the circuit diagram to use the given op-amp (IC 741) as a non inverting 7
amplifier.
2 Connect the circuit. Choose 𝐑 𝐢 = 10 kΩ and 7
𝐑 𝐟𝟏 = __________ kΩ. & 𝐑 𝐟𝟐 = __________ kΩ.
3 𝐑𝐟 𝐑𝐟 2
Calculate the theoretical voltage gain: 𝐀 𝐕𝟏 = 𝟏 + ( 𝐑 𝟏 ), 𝐀 𝐕𝟐 = 𝟏 + ( 𝐑 𝟐 )
𝐢 𝐢

4 Measure the output voltage V0 for five different values of the input voltage 7
Vi for 𝐑 𝐟𝟏
5 Measure the output voltage V0 for five different values of the input voltage 7
Vi for 𝐑 𝐟𝟐
6 Plot a graph of V0 vs Vi and hence find the experimental voltage gain 𝐀 𝐕𝟏 and 10
𝐀 𝐕𝟐 in each case.
Total 40
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Journal 05
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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

CE Amplifier (Variation of Gain with Load) (Group B)

1 Draw the circuit of the common emitter amplifier. Write down the component 06
values
2 Connect the d.c. supply. Set VCC = 12 volts. Measure VC, VB, VE with respect 04
to ground.
3 Connect the sine wave generator. Set Vs = 2 Vpeak to peak , calculate the input 02
V S R2
voltage is Vin (p-p) =
R1  R2

4 Connect the load resistance RL across the output terminals. For the following 18
values of RL = ∞, 10KΩ, 5 KΩ, 2KΩ, 1KΩ, 500 Ω, measure the output voltage
Vo ( p  p )
Vo(p – p) . Calculate the voltage gain Av = and the load current
Vin( p  p )

VO
IL = in each case.
RL
5 Plot the graphs of Av vs RL , Vo vs IL. From the graph of Vo vs IL, determine the 10
slope = output resistance Ro of the amplifier.
Total 40
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Journal 05
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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

Laser Experiment: Ruler Grating (Group C)

He-Laser Laser is mounted on its stand and placed on a table about 3 to 4

meters from a wall. A Ruler grating (steel scale in mm scale) is placed
horizontally 15-20 cm from the laser source. At this position the scale makes
a small angle with the laser beam.
1 Measure the distance d between two graduation marking on the scale 02
(Distance between the markings on the ruler)
2 Adjust the position of the scale and focus the laser beam on the ruler grating 04
millimeter graduations of the scale to get well defined diffraction pattern on
the wall.
3 Identify and mark the various spots y0, y1, y2…..ym in the diffraction pattern 10
th
on the screen (wall). The brightest spot in diffraction pattern is the 0 order
spot.
4 Measure the exact distance D between the screen and the point where the 02
laser beam is focused on the scale.
5 Remove the metal scale and focus the laser beam directly on the screen and 02
mark it as y0.
6 Measure the distances between direct ray position and all the diffraction spots 10
marked on the screen i.e. y0, y1, y2…..ym.
7 Plot a graph of ym2 – yo2 vs. m (order of the diffraction pattern) 05
8 Calculate the wavelength of given laser source using the given formula: 05
λ = [(d /2D2) x (ym2 – yo2)/m]; λ = [(d /2D2) x Slope of Graph]
Total 40
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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

Laser Experiment: Single Slit (Group C)

He-Laser Laser is mounted on its stand and placed on a table about 3 to 4

meters from a wall. Fix the single slit to the stand at an appropriate height.
Set the given laser horizontally on table with a distance (say 15 cms) from
the slit. Adjust the position of the slit such that it is in path of the laser beam.
1 Switch on the laser and observe the pattern on the screen. Select a distance 02
(L = 100 cm) between the slit and screen using meter scale.
2 Determine the width of the slit d using a travelling microscope. 04
3 Measure the distance of 1st and 2nd order from the centre point (brightest 08
point) of the pattern. Calculate the average of these distances be as 𝑙1 and 𝑙2
𝑙1 ′ +𝑙1 ′′ 𝑙2 ′ +𝑙2 ′′
respectively, 𝑙1 = & 𝑙2 =
2 2

4 Repeat the steps 1& 2 for different L values i.e. 150 cms and 200 cms 16
5 Plot a graph between 𝒍 (y-axis) and L (x-axis) for each order (m = 1, 2….). 03
Determine the slope of this graph.
6 Draw another graph between 𝑙 /L (y-axis) and m (x-axis). Determine the 03
slope of this graph.
7 Calculate the wavelength of given laser source using the given formula: 04
𝑙 𝑙
𝜆 = 𝑑 ( × ) nm
𝐿 𝑚
Total 40
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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

Coupled Oscillations (Group C)

1 The two pendulums are uncoupled. Set the time period of oscillation of each 04
single separated pendulum equal by properly adjusting the point of
suspension on top and/or the masses at bottom. This should be done by
measuring time for 50 oscillations. Note the readings for the same.
2 After coupling the two pendulums with a spring both are impelled equally in 07
𝑡
the same direction measure the time period of oscillation 𝑇0 = (500 ) is for 50

oscillations. Repeat for 2 more readings and find mean 𝑇0 .

3 Impel the connected pendulums equally in opposite directions measure the 07
𝑡
time period of oscillations 𝑇1 = (501 ) for 50 oscillations. Repeat for 2 more

readings and find mean 𝑇1 .

4 Measure the time period for 50 coupled oscillations 𝑇𝐶 when one of the 08
pendulum left in rest and the other impelled. Repeat for 2 more readings and
find mean 𝑇𝐶 .
5 Measure the time period 𝑇𝐵 for beats by observing one of the pendulum 08
becoming stand still 5-6 times. Repeat for 2 more readings and find mean 𝑇𝐵 .
6 2T0 T1 2T0 T1 T 2 −T 2 06
Calculate TC = T , TB = T & coupling constant χ = T0 2 +T12
0 +T1 0 −T1 0 1

Total 40
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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

Surface Tension of Biological Fluid (Group C)

1 You are given a setup with fixed capillary tube and the pointer in a cork 02
clamped to a rigid stand so that the capillary tubes and the pointer become
vertical. Adjust the height of the vertical stand, so that the capillary tubes dip
in the biological fluid in an open beaker. Adjust the position of the pointer,
such that its tip just touches the biological fluid surface. Find the least count
of the travelling microscope for the horizontal and the vertical scale.
2 Adjust the height of the microscope using the height adjusting screw and 10
focus the capillary tube and clamp it when the capillary rise becomes visible.
 Make the horizontal cross wire just touch the central part of the concave
meniscus. Note the reading of the position of the microscope on the vertical
scale. Take at least 3 readings.
3 Now, carefully remove the beaker containing the biological fluid. Move the 10
microscope horizontally and bring it in front of the pointer. Focus the
microscope and make the horizontal cross wire touch the tip of the pointer.
 Note the corresponding vertical scale reading. Take at least 3 readings.
4 Find the difference in the two readings (i.e., height of biological fluid 02
meniscus and height of the tip of pointer) to obtain the capillary rise of the
given liquid h.
5 Measure the diameter of the bore of the capillary tube using the travelling 10
microscope, on the vertical scale and the horizontal scale of the microscope.
Hence calculate the radius r of the capillary bore.
6 Find the surface tension of the given biological fluid using the formula: T = 06
rhρg
, where, T: surface tension of the biological fluid, r: radius of the
2
capillary tube, h: height of the liquid column, g : acceleration due to gravity,
ρ: density of the biological fluid = 1.020 kgm-3

Total 40
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 R.D. & S.H. National College & S.W.A. Science College Bandra (W.)
Mumbai-400050
Class: S.Y.B.Sc.
Semester – III Practical Examination

UV- Visible Spectrophotometer (Group C)

1 You have to given a liquid solution of given material. Make the three 06
different concentration ( low , medium and high) of this solution
2 Measure the wavelength at maximum absorbance ie. λmax 04
3 Measure the OD or (absorbance A) of above three concentration at λmax 15
4

6
7
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